- Title
- Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Salmonella species isolated from final effluent discharged from the Fort Hare Dairy Farm in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality
- Creator
- Thinyane, Pindile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-9407
- Subject
- Salmonella typhimurium
- Subject
- Anti-infective agents
- Subject
- Multidrug resistance
- Date
- 2021-10
- Type
- Master's theses
- Type
- text
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22666
- Identifier
- vital:52618
- Description
- The exposure of livestock to antimicrobials for treatment, prophylaxis, or development advancement can select for antimicrobial resistant organisms that can be transmitted to humans. Salmonella as a significant zoonotic microorganism can go about as a likely supply of antimicrobial resistant determinants. Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen that causes food and waterborne infections. It affects wild and domestic animals, and humans, by causing a number of infections including Salmonellosis. Salmonella species infect humans through the consumption of contaminated meat, like beef, chicken, pork etc. This study aimed to determine the molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella species isolated from effluent discharged from the Fort Hare Dairy Farm in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the molecular confirmation of the presumptive Salmonella isolates targeting both ompC gene and typh gene. Standard disc diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The confirmed Salmonella isolates were tested against 12 test antimicrobial agents and were screened for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) including blaTEM and amp for beta-lactams, and tetC for tetracycline. The research showed that the effluent discharge from this farm is contaminated with Salmonella. Presumptive Salmonella densities were ranging between 1,7 ×102 to 6,1×102 CFU/100ml, out of 83 presumptive isolates recovered, 61 were molecularly confirmed Salmonella typhimurium. The most prevalent Salmonella species found in this study was Salmonella typhimurium, which was more abundant in the final effluent discharges than in the water samples. This may be due to the contamination from farm animal faeces. The susceptibility against 12 different antibiotics by the recovered Salmonella typhimurium were examined, and Salmonella typhimurium isolates was notably resistant to azithromycin, ampicillin, amoxiclav, but less resistance were seen on doripenem , meropenem and ciprofloxacin but none of the isolates were resistant to norfloxacin. Antibiotic results obtained from this research suggest that Quinolones (Norfloxicin, Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic acid), and Carbapenems (Meropenem and Doripenem.) were the most effective antibiotics against Salmonella. Forty-eight percent of isolates were found to be resistant to more than 3 antibiotics from different families thus considering them to be multidrug resistant. Resistant determinants ampC, blaTEM and tetC were detected on resistant isolates. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics on animal producing farms put human lives at risk as it promotes the emergency of multidrug resistant bacteria. Findings of this study revealed that animal producing farm pose a threat to the community as they harbour and promote the emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium.
- Description
- Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Format
- computer
- Format
- online resource
- Format
- application/pdf
- Format
- 1 online resource (x, 80 pages)
- Format
- Publisher
- University of Fort Hare
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture
- Language
- English
- Rights
- rights holder
- Rights
- All Rights Reserved
- Rights
- Open Access
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UFH Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology
| Thumbnail | File | Description | Size | Format | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| View Details | SOURCE1 | THINYANE PINDILE DISSERTATION.pdf | 1 MB | Adobe Acrobat PDF | View Details |