Unomtandazo
- Dhlahla, Solomon, not specified, composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Dhlahla, Solomon , not specified , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa country not specified city not specified f-
- Language: Zulu
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243929 , vital:51204 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR3174 , ABC116
- Description: For further details refer to ILAM shellac record: CR3174
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950-00-00
- Authors: Dhlahla, Solomon , not specified , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa country not specified city not specified f-
- Language: Zulu
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243929 , vital:51204 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR3174 , ABC116
- Description: For further details refer to ILAM shellac record: CR3174
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950-00-00
Emahlatini
- Dhlahla, Solomon, not specified, composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Dhlahla, Solomon , not specified , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa south africa city not specified f-sa
- Language: Zulu
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243907 , vital:51202 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR3172 , ABC118
- Description: For further details refer to ILAM shellac record: CR3172
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950-00-00
- Authors: Dhlahla, Solomon , not specified , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa south africa city not specified f-sa
- Language: Zulu
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243907 , vital:51202 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR3172 , ABC118
- Description: For further details refer to ILAM shellac record: CR3172
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950-00-00
Wena Sponono
- Dhlahla, Solomon, not specified, composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Dhlahla, Solomon , not specified , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa country not specified city not specified f-
- Language: Zulu
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243996 , vital:51211 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR3174 , ABC117
- Description: For further details refer to ILAM shellac record: CR3174
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950-00-00
- Authors: Dhlahla, Solomon , not specified , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa country not specified city not specified f-
- Language: Zulu
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243996 , vital:51211 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR3174 , ABC117
- Description: For further details refer to ILAM shellac record: CR3174
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950-00-00
Umhlaba unge hlule
- Dhlahla, Solomon, not specified, composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Dhlahla, Solomon , not specified , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa south africa city not specified f-sa
- Language: Zulu
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243897 , vital:51200 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR3172 , ABC115
- Description: For further details refer to ILAM shellac record: CR3172
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950-00-00
- Authors: Dhlahla, Solomon , not specified , composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950-00-00
- Subjects: Popular music--Africa , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa south africa city not specified f-sa
- Language: Zulu
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243897 , vital:51200 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , CR3172 , ABC115
- Description: For further details refer to ILAM shellac record: CR3172
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950-00-00
Well-nourished women in a Solomon Islands society with a biased sex ratio
- Furusawa, Takuro, Aswani, Shankar
- Authors: Furusawa, Takuro , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422173 , vital:71917
- Description: This study reports on the growth and nutritional status of females in Roviana (population 12 235), Solomon Islands, where there are fewer surviving females than males in all age groups (male/female= 1.10; Solomon Islands Government 2000). Anthropometric measurements were performed for 1243 voluntary participants from seven villages. The results showed that females were better nourished than males; weight-forage z-scores, for instance, were better for females than those for males throughout all age groups, with statistical significance in the following age groups: younger than 5 years, 10–14 years and 15–19 years. The same pattern was also observed for adults. Results suggest that gender inequality might not be caused by social discrimination.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Furusawa, Takuro , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422173 , vital:71917
- Description: This study reports on the growth and nutritional status of females in Roviana (population 12 235), Solomon Islands, where there are fewer surviving females than males in all age groups (male/female= 1.10; Solomon Islands Government 2000). Anthropometric measurements were performed for 1243 voluntary participants from seven villages. The results showed that females were better nourished than males; weight-forage z-scores, for instance, were better for females than those for males throughout all age groups, with statistical significance in the following age groups: younger than 5 years, 10–14 years and 15–19 years. The same pattern was also observed for adults. Results suggest that gender inequality might not be caused by social discrimination.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Msitso wo wombidi. 2nd Movement
- Ngodo of Regulo Canda, Chipendani Guyuza (Leader), Solomon Semendi, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Ngodo of Regulo Canda , Chipendani Guyuza (Leader) , Solomon Semendi , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1963
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Music--Mozambique , Folk songs, Chopi , Chopi (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Mozambique Canda f-mz
- Language: Chopi
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192703 , vital:45252 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR202-09
- Description: Led by the composer Solomon Semendi, this Msitso approximates in style the Msitso of Komukomu of Regulo Banguza, who died recently. Orchestral dance with 22 Timbila xylophones - 6 Chilanzane (Treble), 5 Sange (Alto), 5 Doli (Tenor), 3 Debiinda (Bass), 3 Gulu (Double Bass).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1963
- Authors: Ngodo of Regulo Canda , Chipendani Guyuza (Leader) , Solomon Semendi , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1963
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Music--Mozambique , Folk songs, Chopi , Chopi (African people) , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Mozambique Canda f-mz
- Language: Chopi
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192703 , vital:45252 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR202-09
- Description: Led by the composer Solomon Semendi, this Msitso approximates in style the Msitso of Komukomu of Regulo Banguza, who died recently. Orchestral dance with 22 Timbila xylophones - 6 Chilanzane (Treble), 5 Sange (Alto), 5 Doli (Tenor), 3 Debiinda (Bass), 3 Gulu (Double Bass).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1963
Hopes and disenchantments of religious community forestry in the Western Solomon Islands
- Aswani, Shankar, Racelis, Alexis E
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Racelis, Alexis E
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422133 , vital:71914
- Description: The commercial exploitation of tropical timber is the key economic sector in the Solomon Islands. However, despite several decades of continuous large-scale logging, few efforts have been sustained at a regional level for reforestation of resulting degraded lands. Reforestation efforts have been limited to small, local and independent initiatives, with no movement on a regional or national level. In the past decade, however, the Christian Fellowship Church (CFC), a religious group in the Western Solomon Islands, has initiated a regional reforestation program in its member communities—a movement that has accelerated quickly and successfully. We use interviews and open-ended discussions with villagers and village leaders to explore how CFC has undertaken an apparently effective, large-scale reforestation project where the government, corporate logging companies, or localized kin groups have not. Results from the interviews reveal a diverse gamut of drivers, incentives, investments, and expectations for reforestation. Although respect of the power of the leader of the CFC was the most commonly cited reason for enrolling in reforestation, promises of income and land were also important in the success and widespread participation in the program. However, as this paper reveals, the significant time investment on a community level and by individual households, the growing expectation of financial return, and the distribution of land among community members for forestry, all will likely lead to unforeseen tensions in land tenure and resource ownership. Still, this reforestation initiative is a rare example of reforestation on customary land in Solomon Islands and one of the first models of a long-term, grassroots, religion-inspired community forestry effort in the Pacific.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Racelis, Alexis E
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422133 , vital:71914
- Description: The commercial exploitation of tropical timber is the key economic sector in the Solomon Islands. However, despite several decades of continuous large-scale logging, few efforts have been sustained at a regional level for reforestation of resulting degraded lands. Reforestation efforts have been limited to small, local and independent initiatives, with no movement on a regional or national level. In the past decade, however, the Christian Fellowship Church (CFC), a religious group in the Western Solomon Islands, has initiated a regional reforestation program in its member communities—a movement that has accelerated quickly and successfully. We use interviews and open-ended discussions with villagers and village leaders to explore how CFC has undertaken an apparently effective, large-scale reforestation project where the government, corporate logging companies, or localized kin groups have not. Results from the interviews reveal a diverse gamut of drivers, incentives, investments, and expectations for reforestation. Although respect of the power of the leader of the CFC was the most commonly cited reason for enrolling in reforestation, promises of income and land were also important in the success and widespread participation in the program. However, as this paper reveals, the significant time investment on a community level and by individual households, the growing expectation of financial return, and the distribution of land among community members for forestry, all will likely lead to unforeseen tensions in land tenure and resource ownership. Still, this reforestation initiative is a rare example of reforestation on customary land in Solomon Islands and one of the first models of a long-term, grassroots, religion-inspired community forestry effort in the Pacific.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Keeping food on the table: responses and changing coastal fisheries in Solomon Islands
- Albert, Simon, Aswani, Shankar, Fisher, Paul L, Albert, Joelle
- Authors: Albert, Simon , Aswani, Shankar , Fisher, Paul L , Albert, Joelle
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70593 , vital:29678 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130800
- Description: Globally the majority of commercial fisheries have experienced dramatic declines in stock and catch. Likewise, projections for many subsistence fisheries in the tropics indicate a dramatic decline is looming in the coming decades. In the Pacific Islands coastal fisheries provide basic subsistence needs for millions of people. A decline in fish catch would therefore have profound impacts on the health and livelihoods of these coastal communities. Given the decrease in local catch rates reported for many coastal communities in the Pacific, it is important to understand if fishers have responded to ecological change (either by expanding their fishing range and/or increasing their fishing effort), and if so, to evaluate the costs or benefits of these responses. We compare data from fish catches in 1995 and 2011 from a rural coastal community in Solomon Islands to examine the potentially changing coastal reef fishery at these time points. In particular we found changes in preferred fishing locations, fishing methodology and catch composition between these data sets. The results indicate that despite changes in catch rates (catch per unit effort) between data collected in 2011 and 16 years previously, the study community was able to increase gross catches through visiting fishing sites further away, diversifying fishing methods and targeting pelagic species through trolling. Such insight into local-scale responses to changing resources and/ or fisheries development will help scientists and policy makers throughout the Pacific region in managing the region’s fisheries in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Albert, Simon , Aswani, Shankar , Fisher, Paul L , Albert, Joelle
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70593 , vital:29678 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130800
- Description: Globally the majority of commercial fisheries have experienced dramatic declines in stock and catch. Likewise, projections for many subsistence fisheries in the tropics indicate a dramatic decline is looming in the coming decades. In the Pacific Islands coastal fisheries provide basic subsistence needs for millions of people. A decline in fish catch would therefore have profound impacts on the health and livelihoods of these coastal communities. Given the decrease in local catch rates reported for many coastal communities in the Pacific, it is important to understand if fishers have responded to ecological change (either by expanding their fishing range and/or increasing their fishing effort), and if so, to evaluate the costs or benefits of these responses. We compare data from fish catches in 1995 and 2011 from a rural coastal community in Solomon Islands to examine the potentially changing coastal reef fishery at these time points. In particular we found changes in preferred fishing locations, fishing methodology and catch composition between these data sets. The results indicate that despite changes in catch rates (catch per unit effort) between data collected in 2011 and 16 years previously, the study community was able to increase gross catches through visiting fishing sites further away, diversifying fishing methods and targeting pelagic species through trolling. Such insight into local-scale responses to changing resources and/ or fisheries development will help scientists and policy makers throughout the Pacific region in managing the region’s fisheries in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Food on the Table: Human Responses and Changing Coastal Fisheries in Solomon Islands
- Albert, Simon, Aswani, Shankar, Fisher, Paul L, Albert, Joelle
- Authors: Albert, Simon , Aswani, Shankar , Fisher, Paul L , Albert, Joelle
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/421887 , vital:71893 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130800"
- Description: Globally the majority of commercial fisheries have experienced dramatic declines in stock and catch. Likewise, projections for many subsistence fisheries in the tropics indicate a dramatic decline is looming in the coming decades. In the Pacific Islands coastal fisheries provide basic subsistence needs for millions of people. A decline in fish catch would therefore have profound impacts on the health and livelihoods of these coastal communities. Given the decrease in local catch rates reported for many coastal communities in the Pacific, it is important to understand if fishers have responded to ecological change (either by expanding their fishing range and/or increasing their fishing effort), and if so, to evaluate the costs or benefits of these responses. We compare data from fish catches in 1995 and 2011 from a rural coastal community in Solomon Islands to examine the potentially changing coastal reef fishery at these time points. In particular we found changes in preferred fishing locations, fishing methodology and catch composition between these data sets. The results indicate that despite changes in catch rates (catch per unit effort) between data collected in 2011 and 16 years previously, the study community was able to increase gross catches through visiting fishing sites further away, diversifying fishing methods and targeting pelagic species through trolling. Such insight into local-scale responses to changing resources and/or fisheries development will help scientists and policy makers throughout the Pacific region in managing the region’s fisheries in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Albert, Simon , Aswani, Shankar , Fisher, Paul L , Albert, Joelle
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/421887 , vital:71893 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130800"
- Description: Globally the majority of commercial fisheries have experienced dramatic declines in stock and catch. Likewise, projections for many subsistence fisheries in the tropics indicate a dramatic decline is looming in the coming decades. In the Pacific Islands coastal fisheries provide basic subsistence needs for millions of people. A decline in fish catch would therefore have profound impacts on the health and livelihoods of these coastal communities. Given the decrease in local catch rates reported for many coastal communities in the Pacific, it is important to understand if fishers have responded to ecological change (either by expanding their fishing range and/or increasing their fishing effort), and if so, to evaluate the costs or benefits of these responses. We compare data from fish catches in 1995 and 2011 from a rural coastal community in Solomon Islands to examine the potentially changing coastal reef fishery at these time points. In particular we found changes in preferred fishing locations, fishing methodology and catch composition between these data sets. The results indicate that despite changes in catch rates (catch per unit effort) between data collected in 2011 and 16 years previously, the study community was able to increase gross catches through visiting fishing sites further away, diversifying fishing methods and targeting pelagic species through trolling. Such insight into local-scale responses to changing resources and/or fisheries development will help scientists and policy makers throughout the Pacific region in managing the region’s fisheries in the future.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The identification of key vulnerability components within Solomon Islands coastal communities
- Authors: Malherbe, Willem Stefanus
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Solomon Islands -- Environmental conditions , Coastal ecology -- Solomon Islands , Island ecology -- Solomon Islands , Climatic changes -- Solomon Islands , Sociology, Urban -- Solomon Islands , Sociology, Rural -- Solomon Islands
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21184 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6827
- Description: The impacts of climate change are disproportionally felt across the planet, with small island developing states some of the countries most at risk. Furthermore, climate change may compound existing problems such as over harvested resources, leading to knock-on effects on national economies. Both direct and indirect stressors may impact communities differently based on their level of exposure to stressors, their intrinsic sensitivity to these stressors, and their ability to adapt to stressors. This study aims to answer the primary research question: Why are some communities more vulnerable than others? A vulnerability assessment is used to identify both vulnerable and non-vulnerable attributes of Solomon Islands’ communities. Surveys comprised a comprehensive questionnaire to draw inference on each vulnerability category; sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity, along with their various components and subcomponents. An analysis of household and community livelihood strategies was conducted to compliment vulnerability scores and provide a deeper understanding of livelihood practises. As is expected of small island states, exposure presents the biggest threat to coastal communities. Within this category, environmental changes and personal exposure from shoreline erosion and safety at sea provide evidence of high vulnerability. Within the sensitivity category, the cultural importance of fishing, as well as attachment to place and fishing, renders communities more vulnerable. Simultaneously, local ecological knowledge and economic dependence on resources other than fishing proved to be resilient attributes by decreasing vulnerability. Low vulnerability scores for the adaptive capacity category were achieved by communities where physical capital, such as community infrastructure, was evident. A lack of both institutional support and bridging of social capital were attributes which contributed to community vulnerability. This study has identified key attributes that have both positive and negative effects on the vulnerability of Solomon Islands communities. Having done this, I have also attempted to determine the drivers that render some attributes more vulnerable than others. It is acknowledged that the drivers of all key attributes of vulnerability is required to determine areas where adaptation plans will be most effective. Importantly, drivers of high vulnerability should not be considered as the primary focus of adaptation planning, but also the drivers of low vulnerability, such as community cohesion, which provide resilience within communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Malherbe, Willem Stefanus
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Solomon Islands -- Environmental conditions , Coastal ecology -- Solomon Islands , Island ecology -- Solomon Islands , Climatic changes -- Solomon Islands , Sociology, Urban -- Solomon Islands , Sociology, Rural -- Solomon Islands
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21184 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6827
- Description: The impacts of climate change are disproportionally felt across the planet, with small island developing states some of the countries most at risk. Furthermore, climate change may compound existing problems such as over harvested resources, leading to knock-on effects on national economies. Both direct and indirect stressors may impact communities differently based on their level of exposure to stressors, their intrinsic sensitivity to these stressors, and their ability to adapt to stressors. This study aims to answer the primary research question: Why are some communities more vulnerable than others? A vulnerability assessment is used to identify both vulnerable and non-vulnerable attributes of Solomon Islands’ communities. Surveys comprised a comprehensive questionnaire to draw inference on each vulnerability category; sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity, along with their various components and subcomponents. An analysis of household and community livelihood strategies was conducted to compliment vulnerability scores and provide a deeper understanding of livelihood practises. As is expected of small island states, exposure presents the biggest threat to coastal communities. Within this category, environmental changes and personal exposure from shoreline erosion and safety at sea provide evidence of high vulnerability. Within the sensitivity category, the cultural importance of fishing, as well as attachment to place and fishing, renders communities more vulnerable. Simultaneously, local ecological knowledge and economic dependence on resources other than fishing proved to be resilient attributes by decreasing vulnerability. Low vulnerability scores for the adaptive capacity category were achieved by communities where physical capital, such as community infrastructure, was evident. A lack of both institutional support and bridging of social capital were attributes which contributed to community vulnerability. This study has identified key attributes that have both positive and negative effects on the vulnerability of Solomon Islands communities. Having done this, I have also attempted to determine the drivers that render some attributes more vulnerable than others. It is acknowledged that the drivers of all key attributes of vulnerability is required to determine areas where adaptation plans will be most effective. Importantly, drivers of high vulnerability should not be considered as the primary focus of adaptation planning, but also the drivers of low vulnerability, such as community cohesion, which provide resilience within communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
One size does not fit all: Critical insights for effective community-based resource management in Melanesia
- Aswani, Shankar, Albert, Simon, Love, Mark
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon , Love, Mark
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/420459 , vital:71745 , xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.041"
- Description: In recent years, Fiji's approach of combining traditional systems of community-based coastal management and modern management systems has become a successful blueprint for marine conservation, particularly the Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network model. As a result of this success, conservation practitioners have imported the Fiji LMMA model to the Solomon Islands and in Vanuatu in hope of replicating the purported success attained in Fiji. This paper argues that because tenure systems and associated political systems in Fiji, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu are substantially different, one cannot simply extrapolate the more centralized tenurial and political Fiji model to the decentralized tenurial and politically eclectic Solomons and Vanuatu. This paper provides an analysis of some of the various approaches used in these countries to make a case for why socio-political diversity and historical particulars matter to resource management and conservation-in-practice (and for any development interventions). By examining examples of various nested and polycentric governance approaches—family, community, tribal, confederations, local community-based organizations (CBOs), and Church—it elucidate not only some of the differences between Fiji and Solomon Islands/Vanuatu, but also between Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. This provides critical insights into some of the myriad of factors impinging on conservation aspirations in these countries and may offer some alternative ways forward not currently considered by conservation practitioners. Finally, the paper provides some guidelines to how to increase the long-term success of marine conservation programs for fisheries management and community-based management initiatives in the region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon , Love, Mark
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/420459 , vital:71745 , xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.041"
- Description: In recent years, Fiji's approach of combining traditional systems of community-based coastal management and modern management systems has become a successful blueprint for marine conservation, particularly the Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) network model. As a result of this success, conservation practitioners have imported the Fiji LMMA model to the Solomon Islands and in Vanuatu in hope of replicating the purported success attained in Fiji. This paper argues that because tenure systems and associated political systems in Fiji, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu are substantially different, one cannot simply extrapolate the more centralized tenurial and political Fiji model to the decentralized tenurial and politically eclectic Solomons and Vanuatu. This paper provides an analysis of some of the various approaches used in these countries to make a case for why socio-political diversity and historical particulars matter to resource management and conservation-in-practice (and for any development interventions). By examining examples of various nested and polycentric governance approaches—family, community, tribal, confederations, local community-based organizations (CBOs), and Church—it elucidate not only some of the differences between Fiji and Solomon Islands/Vanuatu, but also between Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. This provides critical insights into some of the myriad of factors impinging on conservation aspirations in these countries and may offer some alternative ways forward not currently considered by conservation practitioners. Finally, the paper provides some guidelines to how to increase the long-term success of marine conservation programs for fisheries management and community-based management initiatives in the region.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Agreement and coordination in XiTsonga, SeSotho and IsiXhosa: an optimality theoretic perspective
- Authors: Mitchley, Hazel
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3423 , vital:20491
- Description: This thesis provides a unified Optimality Theoretic analysis of subject-verb agreement with coordinated preverbal subjects in three Southern Bantu languages: Xitsonga (S53), Sesotho (S33), and isiXhosa (S41). This analysis is then used to formulate a typology of agreement resolution strategies and the contexts which trigger them. Although some accounts in the Bantu literature suggest that agreement with coordinate structures is avoided by speakers (e.g. Schadeberg 1992, Voeltz 1971) especially when conjuncts are from different noun classes, I show that there is ample evidence to the contrary, and that the subject marker used is dependent on several factors, including (i) the [-HUMAN] specification on the conjuncts, (ii) whether the conjuncts are singular or plural, (iii) whether or not the conjuncts both carry the same noun class feature, and (iv) the order of the conjuncts. This thesis shows that there are various agreement resolution strategies which can beused: 1) agreement with the [+HUMAN] feature on the conjuncts, 2) agreement with the[-HUMAN] feature on the conjuncts, 3) agreement with the noun class feature on both conjuncts, 4) agreement with the noun class feature on the conjunct closest to the verb, and 5) agreement with the noun class feature on the conjunct furthest from the verb. Not all of these strategies are used by all languages, nor are these strategies interchangeable in the languages which do use them – instead, multiple factors conspire to trigger the use of a specific agreement strategy within a specific agreement featural context. I show that these effects can be captured using Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 2004). The analysis makes use of seven constraints: RES#, MAX[+H], MAX[-H], DEP[-H], MAXNC, DEPNC, and AGREECLOSEST. The hierarchical ranking of these constraints not only accounts for the confinement of particular strategies to specific agreement featural contexts within a language, but also accounts for the cross-linguistic differences in the use of these strategies. I end off by examining the typological implications which follow from the OT analysis provided in this thesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mitchley, Hazel
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3423 , vital:20491
- Description: This thesis provides a unified Optimality Theoretic analysis of subject-verb agreement with coordinated preverbal subjects in three Southern Bantu languages: Xitsonga (S53), Sesotho (S33), and isiXhosa (S41). This analysis is then used to formulate a typology of agreement resolution strategies and the contexts which trigger them. Although some accounts in the Bantu literature suggest that agreement with coordinate structures is avoided by speakers (e.g. Schadeberg 1992, Voeltz 1971) especially when conjuncts are from different noun classes, I show that there is ample evidence to the contrary, and that the subject marker used is dependent on several factors, including (i) the [-HUMAN] specification on the conjuncts, (ii) whether the conjuncts are singular or plural, (iii) whether or not the conjuncts both carry the same noun class feature, and (iv) the order of the conjuncts. This thesis shows that there are various agreement resolution strategies which can beused: 1) agreement with the [+HUMAN] feature on the conjuncts, 2) agreement with the[-HUMAN] feature on the conjuncts, 3) agreement with the noun class feature on both conjuncts, 4) agreement with the noun class feature on the conjunct closest to the verb, and 5) agreement with the noun class feature on the conjunct furthest from the verb. Not all of these strategies are used by all languages, nor are these strategies interchangeable in the languages which do use them – instead, multiple factors conspire to trigger the use of a specific agreement strategy within a specific agreement featural context. I show that these effects can be captured using Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 2004). The analysis makes use of seven constraints: RES#, MAX[+H], MAX[-H], DEP[-H], MAXNC, DEPNC, and AGREECLOSEST. The hierarchical ranking of these constraints not only accounts for the confinement of particular strategies to specific agreement featural contexts within a language, but also accounts for the cross-linguistic differences in the use of these strategies. I end off by examining the typological implications which follow from the OT analysis provided in this thesis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Cost-effective methods for accurate determination of sea level rise vulnerability: A Solomon Islands example
- Albert, Simon, Abernethy, Kirsten, Gibbes, Badin, Grinham, Alistair, Tooler, Nixon, Aswani, Shankar
- Authors: Albert, Simon , Abernethy, Kirsten , Gibbes, Badin , Grinham, Alistair , Tooler, Nixon , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422708 , vital:71971 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00010.1"
- Description: For millions of people living along the coastal fringe, sea level rise is perhaps the greatest threat to livelihoods over the coming century. With the refinement and downscaling of global climate models and increasing availability of airborne-lidar-based inundation models, it is possible to predict and quantify these threats with reasonable accuracy where such information is available. For less developed countries, especially small island states, access to high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from lidar is limited. The only freely available DEMs that could be used for inundation modeling by these nations are those based on data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). These data, with a horizontal resolution of ≈90 m and a vertical accuracy of ±5–10 m, are generally unsuitable for local-scale planning and adaption projects. To address this disparity, low-cost ground-based techniques were tested and applied to accurately determine coastal topography in the Solomon Islands. This method had a significantly improved vertical accuracy (±2 cm) and was readily learned by local community members, who were able to independently map and determine the vulnerability of their costal community to inundation from sea level rise. For areas where lidar is not economically viable, this method is intended to provide an important balance of cost, simplicity, accuracy, and local participation that can assist remote coastal communities with coastal planning decisions. The method can enhance local capacity and arguably promotes more meaningful local engagement in sea level rise planning and adaptation activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Albert, Simon , Abernethy, Kirsten , Gibbes, Badin , Grinham, Alistair , Tooler, Nixon , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422708 , vital:71971 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00010.1"
- Description: For millions of people living along the coastal fringe, sea level rise is perhaps the greatest threat to livelihoods over the coming century. With the refinement and downscaling of global climate models and increasing availability of airborne-lidar-based inundation models, it is possible to predict and quantify these threats with reasonable accuracy where such information is available. For less developed countries, especially small island states, access to high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from lidar is limited. The only freely available DEMs that could be used for inundation modeling by these nations are those based on data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). These data, with a horizontal resolution of ≈90 m and a vertical accuracy of ±5–10 m, are generally unsuitable for local-scale planning and adaption projects. To address this disparity, low-cost ground-based techniques were tested and applied to accurately determine coastal topography in the Solomon Islands. This method had a significantly improved vertical accuracy (±2 cm) and was readily learned by local community members, who were able to independently map and determine the vulnerability of their costal community to inundation from sea level rise. For areas where lidar is not economically viable, this method is intended to provide an important balance of cost, simplicity, accuracy, and local participation that can assist remote coastal communities with coastal planning decisions. The method can enhance local capacity and arguably promotes more meaningful local engagement in sea level rise planning and adaptation activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Investigating coral reef ethnobiology in the western Solomon Islands for enhancing livelihood resilience:
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145425 , vital:38437 , DOI: 10.15286/jps.123.3.237-276
- Description: Coral reefs are of great socio-economic and cultural importance for many coastal communities across the tropics, yet little is known about people's local classifications and their social and ecological relationships with these habitats. In the case of island peoples, coral reefs are more than just resource exploitation areas; they are also géomorphologie features that allow or bar people from navigating, markers that define property rights of the seascape in relation to other coastal and terrestrial habitats, and cultural and historical features that embody tribal identity and ideology. Building upon over two decades of research, this paper uses published and unpublished data to describe people's ecological and socio-economic relationships with coral reefs in two extensive lagoon ecosystems in the Western Solomon Islands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145425 , vital:38437 , DOI: 10.15286/jps.123.3.237-276
- Description: Coral reefs are of great socio-economic and cultural importance for many coastal communities across the tropics, yet little is known about people's local classifications and their social and ecological relationships with these habitats. In the case of island peoples, coral reefs are more than just resource exploitation areas; they are also géomorphologie features that allow or bar people from navigating, markers that define property rights of the seascape in relation to other coastal and terrestrial habitats, and cultural and historical features that embody tribal identity and ideology. Building upon over two decades of research, this paper uses published and unpublished data to describe people's ecological and socio-economic relationships with coral reefs in two extensive lagoon ecosystems in the Western Solomon Islands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Variation in perception of environmental change in nine Solomon Islands communities: implications for securing fairness in community-based adaptation
- Ensor, Jonathan Edward, Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth, Hoddy, Eric Timothy, Aswani, Shankar, Albert, Simon, Vaccaro, Ismael, Benedict, Jason Jon, Beare, Douglas James
- Authors: Ensor, Jonathan Edward , Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth , Hoddy, Eric Timothy , Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon , Vaccaro, Ismael , Benedict, Jason Jon , Beare, Douglas James
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145380 , vital:38433 , DOI: 10.1007/s10113-017-1242-1
- Description: Community-based approaches are pursued in recognition of the need for place-based responses to environmental change that integrate local understandings of risk and vulnerability. Yet the potential for fair adaptation is intimately linked to how variations in perceptions of environmental change and risk are treated. There is, however, little empirical evidence of the extent and nature of variations in risk perception in and between multiple community settings. Here, we rely on data from 231 semi-structured interviews conducted in nine communities in Western Province, Solomon Islands, to statistically model different perceptions of risk and change within and between communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ensor, Jonathan Edward , Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth , Hoddy, Eric Timothy , Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon , Vaccaro, Ismael , Benedict, Jason Jon , Beare, Douglas James
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145380 , vital:38433 , DOI: 10.1007/s10113-017-1242-1
- Description: Community-based approaches are pursued in recognition of the need for place-based responses to environmental change that integrate local understandings of risk and vulnerability. Yet the potential for fair adaptation is intimately linked to how variations in perceptions of environmental change and risk are treated. There is, however, little empirical evidence of the extent and nature of variations in risk perception in and between multiple community settings. Here, we rely on data from 231 semi-structured interviews conducted in nine communities in Western Province, Solomon Islands, to statistically model different perceptions of risk and change within and between communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Variation in perception of environmental change in nine Solomon Islands communities: implications for securing fairness in community-based adaptation
- Ensor, Jonathan Edward, Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth, Hoddy, Eric Timothy, Aswani, Shankar, Albert, Simon, Vaccaro, Ismael, Benedict, Jason Jon, Beare, Douglas James
- Authors: Ensor, Jonathan Edward , Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth , Hoddy, Eric Timothy , Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon , Vaccaro, Ismael , Benedict, Jason Jon , Beare, Douglas James
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/421247 , vital:71832 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1242-1"
- Description: Community-based approaches are pursued in recognition of the need for place-based responses to environmental change that integrate local understandings of risk and vulnerability. Yet the potential for fair adaptation is intimately linked to how variations in perceptions of environmental change and risk are treated. There is, however, little empirical evidence of the extent and nature of variations in risk perception in and between multiple community settings. Here, we rely on data from 231 semi-structured interviews conducted in nine communities in Western Province, Solomon Islands, to statistically model different perceptions of risk and change within and between communities. Overall, people were found to be less likely to perceive environmental changes in the marine environment than they were for terrestrial systems. The distance to the nearest market town (which may be a proxy for exposure to commercial logging and degree of involvement with the market economy), and gender had the greatest overall statistical effects on perceptions of risk. Yet, we also find that significant environmental change is underreported in communities, while variations in perception are not always easily related to commonly assumed fault lines of vulnerability. The findings suggest that there is an urgent need for methods that engage with the drivers of perceptions as part of community-based approaches. In particular, it is important to explicitly account for place, complexity and diversity of environmental risk perceptions, and we reinforce calls to engage seriously with underlying questions of power, culture, identity and practice that influence adaptive capacity and risk perception.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ensor, Jonathan Edward , Abernethy, Kirsten Elizabeth , Hoddy, Eric Timothy , Aswani, Shankar , Albert, Simon , Vaccaro, Ismael , Benedict, Jason Jon , Beare, Douglas James
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/421247 , vital:71832 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1242-1"
- Description: Community-based approaches are pursued in recognition of the need for place-based responses to environmental change that integrate local understandings of risk and vulnerability. Yet the potential for fair adaptation is intimately linked to how variations in perceptions of environmental change and risk are treated. There is, however, little empirical evidence of the extent and nature of variations in risk perception in and between multiple community settings. Here, we rely on data from 231 semi-structured interviews conducted in nine communities in Western Province, Solomon Islands, to statistically model different perceptions of risk and change within and between communities. Overall, people were found to be less likely to perceive environmental changes in the marine environment than they were for terrestrial systems. The distance to the nearest market town (which may be a proxy for exposure to commercial logging and degree of involvement with the market economy), and gender had the greatest overall statistical effects on perceptions of risk. Yet, we also find that significant environmental change is underreported in communities, while variations in perception are not always easily related to commonly assumed fault lines of vulnerability. The findings suggest that there is an urgent need for methods that engage with the drivers of perceptions as part of community-based approaches. In particular, it is important to explicitly account for place, complexity and diversity of environmental risk perceptions, and we reinforce calls to engage seriously with underlying questions of power, culture, identity and practice that influence adaptive capacity and risk perception.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Petrographic and geochemical characterisation of the hangingwall and the footwall rocks (the Dipeta and R.A.T. stratigraphic units) to the Kinsevere and Nambulwa copper ore deposits of the Lufilian Arc, southern Democratic Republic of Congo
- Authors: Nkulu, Robert Kankomba
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Petrogenesis -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Analytical geochemistry -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Copper ores -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Ore deposits -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Katangan Sequence , Geological mapping -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Central African Copperbelt (Congo and Zambia) , Lufilian Arc , Neoproterozoic Katangan R.A.T. (Roches Argilo Talqueuse) Subgroup , Dipeta Subgroup
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142772 , vital:38115
- Description: The Kinsevere and Nambulwa copper deposits in the Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C.) are set in the eastern side of the Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup, forming the Lufilian Arc, resulting from a cratonic collision between the Congo and the Kalahari Cratons (ca.620-570_Ma). The Katanga Supergroup was deposited in an extensional rift setting with a sedimentary thickness succession ranging between 7 to 10 km, sub-divided into: − the Roan, the Nguba and the Kundelungu Groups. The stratigraphic column of the Roan Group consists of the R.A.T. (Roche Argilo Talqueuse), the Mines, the Dipeta and the Mwashya Subgroups. Three major deformation phases have been described characterised by complex multiphase tectonics related to a curved superposition of folded, thrust and sheared blocks. The rocks of the R.A.T., Mines and Dipeta Subgroups are recognised as blocks that occur within a stratiform to discordant and diapiritic megabreccia. The blocks were rafted upward with salt tectonics, resulting in the juxtaposition with the hangingwall and the footwall terranes. Therefore, in that context it has been found that the Dipeta may appear overlying the R.A.T. Subgroup through the unconformity decollement surface of heterogeneous breccia. The petrographic observations made of the R.A.T. and Dipeta samples indicates in both units the presence of detrital quartz and feldspar that have been altered and replaced by sericite and muscovite minerals. Gypsum is intimately associated with magnesite, showing an evaporitic environment domain, while magnesite is common as alteration phase both in the R.A.T. and Dipeta Subgroups. Pyrophyllite has been observed in the Dipeta, resulting from reaction of silica with the Kaolinite at low temperature. Accessory detrital minerals include zircon, as well as xenotime intergrown with altered Fe-Ti-oxide hematite, forming complex textures with disseminated Ti-oxides both in R.A.T. and Dipeta units. Major and trace element geochemistry indicates that the Dipeta is more dolomitic and magnesite while the R.A.T. is clay-rich. The Ti2O value of Dipeta and R.A.T samples is relatively low, ranging between 0.36 and 0.69 wt.% respectively, which suggest highly evolved felsic material in the protolith. This is consistent with interpretation based on the Al2O3/TiO2 ratio, which ranges between 18 and 23 for the R.A.T. and Dipeta respectively, indicating an intermediate to felsic granitoids as the protolith of R.A.T. and Dipeta siltstones. The Ti/Zr ratio of R.A.T. and Dipeta samples of less than 10, while, the higher La/Sc ratio of between 2.6 and 5.5 (for the R.A.T. and Dipeta respectively) indicate that both the R.A.T. and Dipeta are active continental and passive margin tectonic setting. Based on the geochemical variation with depth across the R.A.T. and Dipeta and their contact zone, a geochemical fingerprinting suggests that the ratio TiO2/Al2O3 appears to be useful and could be considered as a stratigraphic geochemical maker able to discriminate the R.A.T. and the Dipeta Subgroups during the geological mapping.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Nkulu, Robert Kankomba
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Petrogenesis -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Analytical geochemistry -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Copper ores -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Ore deposits -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Katangan Sequence , Geological mapping -- Congo (Democratic Republic) , Central African Copperbelt (Congo and Zambia) , Lufilian Arc , Neoproterozoic Katangan R.A.T. (Roches Argilo Talqueuse) Subgroup , Dipeta Subgroup
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142772 , vital:38115
- Description: The Kinsevere and Nambulwa copper deposits in the Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C.) are set in the eastern side of the Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup, forming the Lufilian Arc, resulting from a cratonic collision between the Congo and the Kalahari Cratons (ca.620-570_Ma). The Katanga Supergroup was deposited in an extensional rift setting with a sedimentary thickness succession ranging between 7 to 10 km, sub-divided into: − the Roan, the Nguba and the Kundelungu Groups. The stratigraphic column of the Roan Group consists of the R.A.T. (Roche Argilo Talqueuse), the Mines, the Dipeta and the Mwashya Subgroups. Three major deformation phases have been described characterised by complex multiphase tectonics related to a curved superposition of folded, thrust and sheared blocks. The rocks of the R.A.T., Mines and Dipeta Subgroups are recognised as blocks that occur within a stratiform to discordant and diapiritic megabreccia. The blocks were rafted upward with salt tectonics, resulting in the juxtaposition with the hangingwall and the footwall terranes. Therefore, in that context it has been found that the Dipeta may appear overlying the R.A.T. Subgroup through the unconformity decollement surface of heterogeneous breccia. The petrographic observations made of the R.A.T. and Dipeta samples indicates in both units the presence of detrital quartz and feldspar that have been altered and replaced by sericite and muscovite minerals. Gypsum is intimately associated with magnesite, showing an evaporitic environment domain, while magnesite is common as alteration phase both in the R.A.T. and Dipeta Subgroups. Pyrophyllite has been observed in the Dipeta, resulting from reaction of silica with the Kaolinite at low temperature. Accessory detrital minerals include zircon, as well as xenotime intergrown with altered Fe-Ti-oxide hematite, forming complex textures with disseminated Ti-oxides both in R.A.T. and Dipeta units. Major and trace element geochemistry indicates that the Dipeta is more dolomitic and magnesite while the R.A.T. is clay-rich. The Ti2O value of Dipeta and R.A.T samples is relatively low, ranging between 0.36 and 0.69 wt.% respectively, which suggest highly evolved felsic material in the protolith. This is consistent with interpretation based on the Al2O3/TiO2 ratio, which ranges between 18 and 23 for the R.A.T. and Dipeta respectively, indicating an intermediate to felsic granitoids as the protolith of R.A.T. and Dipeta siltstones. The Ti/Zr ratio of R.A.T. and Dipeta samples of less than 10, while, the higher La/Sc ratio of between 2.6 and 5.5 (for the R.A.T. and Dipeta respectively) indicate that both the R.A.T. and Dipeta are active continental and passive margin tectonic setting. Based on the geochemical variation with depth across the R.A.T. and Dipeta and their contact zone, a geochemical fingerprinting suggests that the ratio TiO2/Al2O3 appears to be useful and could be considered as a stratigraphic geochemical maker able to discriminate the R.A.T. and the Dipeta Subgroups during the geological mapping.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
General plan of the triangulation of the southern part of the Cape Colony 1859.1862
- Authors: Bailey, William, Captain
- Date: 1863
- Subjects: f-sa , distances in feet are written along the middle of most of the lines 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) History 1795-1872 Maps , South Africa History 1836-1909 Maps
- Language: English
- Type: maps , digital maps , cartographic
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/121496 , vital:35108 , Cory Library for Humanities Research, Rhodes University Library, Grahamstown, South Africa , MP494
- Description: General plan of the triangulation of the southern part of the Cape Colony 1859.1862. W. Bailey, Captain Royal Engineers, Superintendant Trigonometrical Survey, 21 January 1863. A rough diagram has been constructed for the purpose of shewing the relative positions of the beacons erected and permanent objects observed in the course of the Triangulation and its connection with the stations of Sir T MacLear in the measurement of an arc of meridian. The diagram is tolerably accurate.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1863
- Authors: Bailey, William, Captain
- Date: 1863
- Subjects: f-sa , distances in feet are written along the middle of most of the lines 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) History 1795-1872 Maps , South Africa History 1836-1909 Maps
- Language: English
- Type: maps , digital maps , cartographic
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/121496 , vital:35108 , Cory Library for Humanities Research, Rhodes University Library, Grahamstown, South Africa , MP494
- Description: General plan of the triangulation of the southern part of the Cape Colony 1859.1862. W. Bailey, Captain Royal Engineers, Superintendant Trigonometrical Survey, 21 January 1863. A rough diagram has been constructed for the purpose of shewing the relative positions of the beacons erected and permanent objects observed in the course of the Triangulation and its connection with the stations of Sir T MacLear in the measurement of an arc of meridian. The diagram is tolerably accurate.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1863
Synthesis and characterisation of lanthanide complexes with nitrogen- and oxygen-donor ligands
- Authors: Madanhire, Tatenda
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Rare earth metals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13127 , vital:27154
- Description: The reactions of Ln(NO3)3∙6H2O (Ln = Pr, Nd or Er) with the potentially tridentate O,N,O chelating ligand 2,6-pyridinedimethanol (H2pydm) were investigated, and complexes with the formula, [Ln(H2pydm)2(NO3)2](NO3) (Ln = Pr or Nd) and [Er(H2pydm)3](NO3)3 were isolated. The ten-coordinate Pr(III) and Nd(III) compounds crystallise in the triclinic space group P-1 while the nine-coordinate Er(III) complex crystallises in the monoclinic system (P21/n). The reaction of PrCl3∙6H2O with H2pydm yielded the compound, [Pr(H2pydm)3](Cl)3, that crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with α = 90, β = 98.680(1) and γ = 90°. The nine-coordinate Pr(III) ion is bound to three H2pydm ligands, with bond distances Pr-O 2.455(2)-2.478(2) Å and Pr-N 2.6355(19)-2.64(2) Å. X-ray crystal structures of all the H2pydm complexes reveal that the ligand coordinates tridentately, via the pyridyl nitrogen atom and the two hydroxyl oxygen atoms. The electronic absorption spectra of complexes show 4f-4f transitions. Rare-earth complexes, [Ln(H2L1)2(NO3)3] [Ln = Gd, Ho or Nd], were also prepared from a Schiff base. The X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies and SHAPE analyses of the Gd(III) and Ho(III) complexes shows that the complexes are ten-coordinate and exhibit distorted tetradecahedron geometries. With proton migration occurring from the phenol group to the imine function, complexation of the lanthanides to the ligand gives the ligand a zwitterionic phenoxo-iminium form. A phenolate oxygen-bridged dinuclear complex, [Ce2(H2L1)(ovan)3(NO3)3], has been obtained by reacting Ce(NO3)3∙6H2O with an o-vanillin derived Schiff base ligand, 2-((E)-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (H2L1). Hydrolysis of the Schiff base occurred to yield o-vanillin, which bridged two cerium atoms with the Ce∙∙∙Ce distance equal to 3.823 Å. The Ce(III) ions are both tencoordinate, but have different coordination environments, showing tetradecahedron and staggered dodecahedron geometries, respectively. The reaction of salicylaldehyde-N(4)-diethylthiosemicarbazone (H2L2) in the presence of hydrated Ln(III) nitrates led to the isolation of two novel compounds: (E)-2[(ortho-hydroxy)benzylidene]-2-(thiomethyl)-thionohydrazide (1) and bis[2,3-diaza4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-thiomethyl-buta-1,3-diene]disulfide. The latter is a dimer of the former. For this asymmetric Schiff base, 1 and the symmetric disulfide, classical hydrogen bonds of the O–H∙∙∙N as well as N–H∙∙∙S (for 1) type are apparent next to C–H∙∙∙O contacts. 4-(4-Bromophenyl)-1-(propan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide was also prepared upon reacting 4-(4-bromophenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide with acetone in the presence of ethanol and La(NO3)3∙6H2O. The C=S bond length was found to be 1.6686(16) Å which is in good agreement with other thioketones whose metrical parameters have been deposited with the Cambridge Structural Database. Classical hydrogen bonds of the N–H∙∙∙N and the N–H∙∙∙Br type are observed next to C–H∙∙∙S contacts. All synthesised compounds were characterised by microanalyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (except for [Nd(H2L1)2(NO3)3]), 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Madanhire, Tatenda
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Rare earth metals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13127 , vital:27154
- Description: The reactions of Ln(NO3)3∙6H2O (Ln = Pr, Nd or Er) with the potentially tridentate O,N,O chelating ligand 2,6-pyridinedimethanol (H2pydm) were investigated, and complexes with the formula, [Ln(H2pydm)2(NO3)2](NO3) (Ln = Pr or Nd) and [Er(H2pydm)3](NO3)3 were isolated. The ten-coordinate Pr(III) and Nd(III) compounds crystallise in the triclinic space group P-1 while the nine-coordinate Er(III) complex crystallises in the monoclinic system (P21/n). The reaction of PrCl3∙6H2O with H2pydm yielded the compound, [Pr(H2pydm)3](Cl)3, that crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with α = 90, β = 98.680(1) and γ = 90°. The nine-coordinate Pr(III) ion is bound to three H2pydm ligands, with bond distances Pr-O 2.455(2)-2.478(2) Å and Pr-N 2.6355(19)-2.64(2) Å. X-ray crystal structures of all the H2pydm complexes reveal that the ligand coordinates tridentately, via the pyridyl nitrogen atom and the two hydroxyl oxygen atoms. The electronic absorption spectra of complexes show 4f-4f transitions. Rare-earth complexes, [Ln(H2L1)2(NO3)3] [Ln = Gd, Ho or Nd], were also prepared from a Schiff base. The X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies and SHAPE analyses of the Gd(III) and Ho(III) complexes shows that the complexes are ten-coordinate and exhibit distorted tetradecahedron geometries. With proton migration occurring from the phenol group to the imine function, complexation of the lanthanides to the ligand gives the ligand a zwitterionic phenoxo-iminium form. A phenolate oxygen-bridged dinuclear complex, [Ce2(H2L1)(ovan)3(NO3)3], has been obtained by reacting Ce(NO3)3∙6H2O with an o-vanillin derived Schiff base ligand, 2-((E)-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (H2L1). Hydrolysis of the Schiff base occurred to yield o-vanillin, which bridged two cerium atoms with the Ce∙∙∙Ce distance equal to 3.823 Å. The Ce(III) ions are both tencoordinate, but have different coordination environments, showing tetradecahedron and staggered dodecahedron geometries, respectively. The reaction of salicylaldehyde-N(4)-diethylthiosemicarbazone (H2L2) in the presence of hydrated Ln(III) nitrates led to the isolation of two novel compounds: (E)-2[(ortho-hydroxy)benzylidene]-2-(thiomethyl)-thionohydrazide (1) and bis[2,3-diaza4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-thiomethyl-buta-1,3-diene]disulfide. The latter is a dimer of the former. For this asymmetric Schiff base, 1 and the symmetric disulfide, classical hydrogen bonds of the O–H∙∙∙N as well as N–H∙∙∙S (for 1) type are apparent next to C–H∙∙∙O contacts. 4-(4-Bromophenyl)-1-(propan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide was also prepared upon reacting 4-(4-bromophenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide with acetone in the presence of ethanol and La(NO3)3∙6H2O. The C=S bond length was found to be 1.6686(16) Å which is in good agreement with other thioketones whose metrical parameters have been deposited with the Cambridge Structural Database. Classical hydrogen bonds of the N–H∙∙∙N and the N–H∙∙∙Br type are observed next to C–H∙∙∙S contacts. All synthesised compounds were characterised by microanalyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (except for [Nd(H2L1)2(NO3)3]), 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Understanding characteristics that define the feasibility of conservation actions in a common pool marine resource governance system
- Mills, Morena, Pressey, Robert L, Ban, Natalie C, Foale, Simon, Aswani, Shankar, Knight, Andrew T
- Authors: Mills, Morena , Pressey, Robert L , Ban, Natalie C , Foale, Simon , Aswani, Shankar , Knight, Andrew T
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70603 , vital:29680 , https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12025
- Description: Effective conservation requires people to make choices about how they interact with the environment. Social characteristics influence the likelihood of establishing conservation actions with strong compliance (hereafter “feasibility”), but are rarely considered in conservation planning. Our study makes two contributions to understand feasibility. First, we explicitly test the associations between social characteristics and the presence and form of resource management. Second, we compare the ability of different types of data to elucidate feasibility. We use Ostrom’s (2007) thinking on social–ecological systems and literature on resource management in Melanesia to create a context-specific framework to identify social characteristics that influence feasibility for conservation management. We then apply this framework and test for associations between the presence and form of management on one hand and social characteristics on the other, using data collected at different resolutions. We found that conservation feasibility was associated with characteristics of the governance system, users, and the social, economic, and political setting. Villages with different forms of management were more similar to each other socially than to villages without management. Social data collected at the resolution of households accounted for over double the variation in the form and presence of management compared to data at the resolution of villages. Our methods can be adapted to conservation planning initiatives in other socioeconomic settings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mills, Morena , Pressey, Robert L , Ban, Natalie C , Foale, Simon , Aswani, Shankar , Knight, Andrew T
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70603 , vital:29680 , https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12025
- Description: Effective conservation requires people to make choices about how they interact with the environment. Social characteristics influence the likelihood of establishing conservation actions with strong compliance (hereafter “feasibility”), but are rarely considered in conservation planning. Our study makes two contributions to understand feasibility. First, we explicitly test the associations between social characteristics and the presence and form of resource management. Second, we compare the ability of different types of data to elucidate feasibility. We use Ostrom’s (2007) thinking on social–ecological systems and literature on resource management in Melanesia to create a context-specific framework to identify social characteristics that influence feasibility for conservation management. We then apply this framework and test for associations between the presence and form of management on one hand and social characteristics on the other, using data collected at different resolutions. We found that conservation feasibility was associated with characteristics of the governance system, users, and the social, economic, and political setting. Villages with different forms of management were more similar to each other socially than to villages without management. Social data collected at the resolution of households accounted for over double the variation in the form and presence of management compared to data at the resolution of villages. Our methods can be adapted to conservation planning initiatives in other socioeconomic settings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012