An assessment of the performance appraisal system utilised for junior and middle level management within the South African National Defence Force
- Authors: Terblanche, Graham Martin
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Middle managers -- Rating of -- South Africa , South Africa. National Defence Force Officials and employees Rating of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10884 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/148 , Middle managers -- Rating of -- South Africa , South Africa. National Defence Force Officials and employees Rating of
- Description: The research problem of this study was to assess the extent to which the appraisal system for junior and middle level managers in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) met the requirements and guidelines for performance appraisal as stipulated in the literature. To achieve this objective, the following procedure was followed: · A survey of existing literature, related to performance appraisal, was conducted. The literature study focused on the requirements for an effective performance appraisal system, appraisal methods and appraisal errors. Attention was also focused on who should take responsibility for performance appraisal and the importance of regularly evaluating the performance appraisal system to meet the demands of a changing environment. The second part of the literature study dealt with the guidelines for establishing an effective appraisal system as well as performance management processes and cycles that are critical for the effectiveness of an appraisal system. The theoretical study formed the basis for the development of a survey questionnaire to establish the extent to which junior and middle level managers in the SANDF agreed with the theoretical guidelines. The survey was administered to a randomly selected group of junior and middle level managers who were representative of the South African Army, Airforce and Medical Services. The empirical results indicated that there was concurrence with many of the guidelines in the literature, but that there were areas that could be improved. It became evident that many respondents felt that the current system was not entirely fair and was not adapted to meet the needs of the integrated SANDF. Specifically, results indicated that the system should be re-evaluated to eliminate bias and to enhance the development of clear standards, both on a quantitative and qualitative level. It became clear that training and communication were important to the successful development and utilisation of a performance appraisal system. An effective performance appraisal system that is integrated with the overall performance management system of an organisation will enhance productivity, satisfaction and the attainment of goals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Terblanche, Graham Martin
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Middle managers -- Rating of -- South Africa , South Africa. National Defence Force Officials and employees Rating of
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10884 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/148 , Middle managers -- Rating of -- South Africa , South Africa. National Defence Force Officials and employees Rating of
- Description: The research problem of this study was to assess the extent to which the appraisal system for junior and middle level managers in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) met the requirements and guidelines for performance appraisal as stipulated in the literature. To achieve this objective, the following procedure was followed: · A survey of existing literature, related to performance appraisal, was conducted. The literature study focused on the requirements for an effective performance appraisal system, appraisal methods and appraisal errors. Attention was also focused on who should take responsibility for performance appraisal and the importance of regularly evaluating the performance appraisal system to meet the demands of a changing environment. The second part of the literature study dealt with the guidelines for establishing an effective appraisal system as well as performance management processes and cycles that are critical for the effectiveness of an appraisal system. The theoretical study formed the basis for the development of a survey questionnaire to establish the extent to which junior and middle level managers in the SANDF agreed with the theoretical guidelines. The survey was administered to a randomly selected group of junior and middle level managers who were representative of the South African Army, Airforce and Medical Services. The empirical results indicated that there was concurrence with many of the guidelines in the literature, but that there were areas that could be improved. It became evident that many respondents felt that the current system was not entirely fair and was not adapted to meet the needs of the integrated SANDF. Specifically, results indicated that the system should be re-evaluated to eliminate bias and to enhance the development of clear standards, both on a quantitative and qualitative level. It became clear that training and communication were important to the successful development and utilisation of a performance appraisal system. An effective performance appraisal system that is integrated with the overall performance management system of an organisation will enhance productivity, satisfaction and the attainment of goals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Fungal remediation of winery and distillery wastewaters using Trametes pubescens MB 89 and the enhanced production of a high-value enzyme therein
- Authors: Strong, Peter James
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Fungal remediation Distilleries -- Waste disposal Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal Bioremediation Laccase Enzymes -- Biotechnology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3932 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003991
- Description: In this study white-rot fungi were investigated for their efficiency at distillery wastewater remediation and the production of laccase as a valuable by-product. Distillery wastewaters are high in organic load and low in pH. The presence of phenolic compounds can lead to extremely colour-rich wastewaters and can be toxic to microorganisms. The presence of the inorganic ions may also affect biological treatment. White-rot fungi are unique among eukaryotic or prokaryotic microbes in possessing powerful oxidative enzyme systems that can degrade lignin to carbon dioxide. These ligninolytic enzymes, such as lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase, are capable of degrading a vast range of toxic, recalcitrant environmental pollutants and this makes the white-rot fungi strong candidates for the bioremediation of polluted soils and waters. The laccase enzyme alone has shown remediation potential in wastewaters such as beer production effluent, olive mill wastewater, alcohol distillery wastes, dye-containing wastewaters from the textile industry as well as wastewaters from the paper and pulp industry. It has been shown to be capable of remediating soils and waters polluted with chlorinated phenolic compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosubstituted compounds and fungicides, herbicides and insecticides.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Strong, Peter James
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Fungal remediation Distilleries -- Waste disposal Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal Bioremediation Laccase Enzymes -- Biotechnology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3932 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003991
- Description: In this study white-rot fungi were investigated for their efficiency at distillery wastewater remediation and the production of laccase as a valuable by-product. Distillery wastewaters are high in organic load and low in pH. The presence of phenolic compounds can lead to extremely colour-rich wastewaters and can be toxic to microorganisms. The presence of the inorganic ions may also affect biological treatment. White-rot fungi are unique among eukaryotic or prokaryotic microbes in possessing powerful oxidative enzyme systems that can degrade lignin to carbon dioxide. These ligninolytic enzymes, such as lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase, are capable of degrading a vast range of toxic, recalcitrant environmental pollutants and this makes the white-rot fungi strong candidates for the bioremediation of polluted soils and waters. The laccase enzyme alone has shown remediation potential in wastewaters such as beer production effluent, olive mill wastewater, alcohol distillery wastes, dye-containing wastewaters from the textile industry as well as wastewaters from the paper and pulp industry. It has been shown to be capable of remediating soils and waters polluted with chlorinated phenolic compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosubstituted compounds and fungicides, herbicides and insecticides.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Reactivity of Rhenium (iii) and Rhenium (V) with multidentate NN-and no-donor ligands
- Yumata, Nonzaliseko Christine
- Authors: Yumata, Nonzaliseko Christine
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Rhenium , Ligands
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10373 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1085 , Rhenium , Ligands
- Description: The reaction of the potentially tridentate Schiff-base chelate Hhaep [Haep = N’-(1- (2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide] with [ReCl3(benzil)(PPh3)] and trans-[ReOCl3(PPh3)2] produced the neutral oxorhenium(V) complexes cis- [ReOCl2(mep)] [Hmep = 2-(1-iminoethyl)phenol] and cis-[ReOCI2(meb)(PPh3)] [Hmeb = N’-(propan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazide] in ethanol and acetone respectively. In both reactions the Hhaep molecule cleaves to give different coordinated bidentate NO-donor chelates coordinated to the rhenium(V) centers. The X-ray studies reveal that mep is present as a bidentate, monoanionic Schiffbase coordinating through the neutral imino nitrogen and the deprotonated phenolate oxygen in cis-[ReOCl2(mep)]. The bond distances and angles in cis- [ReOCI2(meb)(PPh3)] confirm that meb coordinates to the metal in the enolate form. The distorted octahedral complex fac-[ReCl3(dpa)(PPh3)] was prepared by the reaction of trans-[ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] with a twofold molar excess of dpa in acetonitrile under a nitrogen atmosphere. The compound dpa.HCl.2H2O was obtained as a by-product in the reaction of dpa with trans-[ReCI3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] in acetonitrile. The reaction of trans-[ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] with a twofold molar excess of 6- amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-azahept-2-ene-1-one (Hamp) in acetonitrile led to the isolation of cis-[ReCl2(bat)(PPh3)2]. On complexation to the metal center Hamp decomposed to give the coordinated benzoylacetone (bat). Bat is present as a monoanionic bidentate chelate. The complexes [ReVOCI(had)] and [ReIVCl(had)(PPh3)](ReO4) were prepared from the reaction of trans-[ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] with N,N-bis((2-hydroxybenzyl)-2- aminoethyl)dimethylamine (H2had) in ethanol under various reaction conditions. The treatment of [ReCl3(benzil)(PPh3)] with 2-[((2- pyridinylmethyl)amino)methyl]phenol (Hham) in a 2:1 molar ratio in acetonitrile led to the isolation of the hydrogen-bonded dimer [ReOCl2(ham)]2. The distorted octahedral complex [ReOCl(hap)] [H2hap = N,N-bis(2- hydroxybenzyl)aminomethylpyridine] was prepared from the reaction of trans- [ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] with a twofold molar excess of H2hap in acetonitrile. The X-ray crystal structure analysis shows that the chloride is coordinated trans to the tripodal tertiary amino nitrogen, with a phenolate oxygen trans to the oxo oxygen.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Yumata, Nonzaliseko Christine
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Rhenium , Ligands
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10373 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1085 , Rhenium , Ligands
- Description: The reaction of the potentially tridentate Schiff-base chelate Hhaep [Haep = N’-(1- (2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide] with [ReCl3(benzil)(PPh3)] and trans-[ReOCl3(PPh3)2] produced the neutral oxorhenium(V) complexes cis- [ReOCl2(mep)] [Hmep = 2-(1-iminoethyl)phenol] and cis-[ReOCI2(meb)(PPh3)] [Hmeb = N’-(propan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazide] in ethanol and acetone respectively. In both reactions the Hhaep molecule cleaves to give different coordinated bidentate NO-donor chelates coordinated to the rhenium(V) centers. The X-ray studies reveal that mep is present as a bidentate, monoanionic Schiffbase coordinating through the neutral imino nitrogen and the deprotonated phenolate oxygen in cis-[ReOCl2(mep)]. The bond distances and angles in cis- [ReOCI2(meb)(PPh3)] confirm that meb coordinates to the metal in the enolate form. The distorted octahedral complex fac-[ReCl3(dpa)(PPh3)] was prepared by the reaction of trans-[ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] with a twofold molar excess of dpa in acetonitrile under a nitrogen atmosphere. The compound dpa.HCl.2H2O was obtained as a by-product in the reaction of dpa with trans-[ReCI3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] in acetonitrile. The reaction of trans-[ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] with a twofold molar excess of 6- amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-azahept-2-ene-1-one (Hamp) in acetonitrile led to the isolation of cis-[ReCl2(bat)(PPh3)2]. On complexation to the metal center Hamp decomposed to give the coordinated benzoylacetone (bat). Bat is present as a monoanionic bidentate chelate. The complexes [ReVOCI(had)] and [ReIVCl(had)(PPh3)](ReO4) were prepared from the reaction of trans-[ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] with N,N-bis((2-hydroxybenzyl)-2- aminoethyl)dimethylamine (H2had) in ethanol under various reaction conditions. The treatment of [ReCl3(benzil)(PPh3)] with 2-[((2- pyridinylmethyl)amino)methyl]phenol (Hham) in a 2:1 molar ratio in acetonitrile led to the isolation of the hydrogen-bonded dimer [ReOCl2(ham)]2. The distorted octahedral complex [ReOCl(hap)] [H2hap = N,N-bis(2- hydroxybenzyl)aminomethylpyridine] was prepared from the reaction of trans- [ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] with a twofold molar excess of H2hap in acetonitrile. The X-ray crystal structure analysis shows that the chloride is coordinated trans to the tripodal tertiary amino nitrogen, with a phenolate oxygen trans to the oxo oxygen.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Gloria
- Bunya music workshop participants, Haupindi, Laurence, Dargie, Dave
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Haupindi, Laurence , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/337480 , vital:62266 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-12
- Description: Kwangali respone melody accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Haupindi, Laurence , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/337480 , vital:62266 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-12
- Description: Kwangali respone melody accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
Title not specified
- Bunya music workshop participants, Sitarara, Teobal, Haupindi, Laurence, Dargie, Dave
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Sitarara, Teobal , Haupindi, Laurence , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/337334 , vital:62249 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-02
- Description: Kwangali religious song accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Sitarara, Teobal , Haupindi, Laurence , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/337334 , vital:62249 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-02
- Description: Kwangali religious song accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
Title not specified
- Bunya music workshop participants, Haupindi, Laurence, Mutenya, Paulina, Dargie, Dave
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Haupindi, Laurence , Mutenya, Paulina , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/337321 , vital:62246 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-01
- Description: Kwangali religious song accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Haupindi, Laurence , Mutenya, Paulina , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/337321 , vital:62246 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-01
- Description: Kwangali religious song accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
Hompa Gokakurukuru
- Bunya music workshop participants, Haupindi, Laurence, Dargie, Dave
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Haupindi, Laurence , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/337456 , vital:62264 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-10
- Description: Kwangali religious song accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Haupindi, Laurence , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/337456 , vital:62264 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-10
- Description: Kwangali religious song accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
Dimbireni Bompa
- Bunya music workshop participants, Haupindi, Laurence, Dargie, Dave
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Haupindi, Laurence , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:62260 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-06
- Description: Kwangali religious song accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Bunya music workshop participants , Haupindi, Laurence , Dargie, Dave
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Folk music , Sacred music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Namibia Rundu sx
- Language: Rukwángali
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:62260 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Dave Dargie Field Tapes, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , DDC328a-06
- Description: Kwangali religious song accompanied by drums and clapping
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1979
The development of the emerging technologies sustainability assessment (ETSA) and its application in the design of a bioprocess for the treatment of wine distillery effluent
- Authors: Khan, Nuraan
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Technology assessment , Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal , Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004012 , Technology assessment , Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal , Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Description: Emerging Technologies Sustainability Assessment (ETSA) is a new technology assessment tool that was developed in order to compare emerging processes or technologies to existing alternatives. It utilizes infoIDlation modules, with the minimum use of resources such as time and money, in order to deteIDline if the process under development is comparatively favourable and should be developed beyond the early conceptual phase. The preliminary ETSA is vital in order to identify the gaps in the existing information and the specific methodologies to be used for data capture and analysis. The use of experimental design tools, such as Design-Expert, can facilitate rapid and efficient collection of necessary data and fits in well with the rationale for the ETSA. Wine distillery effluent (vinasse) is the residue left after alcohol has been distilled from fennented grape juice. It is an acidic, darkly coloured effluent, with a high COD and polyphenol content. The most popular method of disposal of this effluent, land application, is no longer viable due to stricter legislation and pressure on the industry to better manage its wastes. Although the ability of whiterot fungi to degrade a number of pollutants is well-known, fungal treatment of wine distillery effluent is still in the conceptual phase. The perfoIDlance of the fungal remediation system was assessed experimentally in terms of COD removal and laccase production using Design-Expert. Although Pycnoporus sanguine us was found to be most efficient at COD removal (85%) from 30% vinasse, laccase production was low (0.021 U/I). The optimum design for economically viable fungal treatment used Trametespubescens. This fungus was able to remove over 50% of the COD from undiluted vinasse while producing almost 800U/l of the valuable laccase enzyme within three days. Since the effluent from the fungal system did not meet the legal limits for wastewater disposal, a two-stage aerobicanaerobic system is suggested to improve the quality of the effluent prior to disposal. The ETSA was used to assess the fungal technology in relation to the two current methods of vinasse treatment and disposal, namely land application and anaerobic digestion. Based on the ETSA, which considered environmental, social and economic impacts, the fungal system proved to be potentially competitive and further development of the technology is suggested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Khan, Nuraan
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Technology assessment , Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal , Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004012 , Technology assessment , Wine and wine making -- Waste disposal , Distilleries -- Waste disposal
- Description: Emerging Technologies Sustainability Assessment (ETSA) is a new technology assessment tool that was developed in order to compare emerging processes or technologies to existing alternatives. It utilizes infoIDlation modules, with the minimum use of resources such as time and money, in order to deteIDline if the process under development is comparatively favourable and should be developed beyond the early conceptual phase. The preliminary ETSA is vital in order to identify the gaps in the existing information and the specific methodologies to be used for data capture and analysis. The use of experimental design tools, such as Design-Expert, can facilitate rapid and efficient collection of necessary data and fits in well with the rationale for the ETSA. Wine distillery effluent (vinasse) is the residue left after alcohol has been distilled from fennented grape juice. It is an acidic, darkly coloured effluent, with a high COD and polyphenol content. The most popular method of disposal of this effluent, land application, is no longer viable due to stricter legislation and pressure on the industry to better manage its wastes. Although the ability of whiterot fungi to degrade a number of pollutants is well-known, fungal treatment of wine distillery effluent is still in the conceptual phase. The perfoIDlance of the fungal remediation system was assessed experimentally in terms of COD removal and laccase production using Design-Expert. Although Pycnoporus sanguine us was found to be most efficient at COD removal (85%) from 30% vinasse, laccase production was low (0.021 U/I). The optimum design for economically viable fungal treatment used Trametespubescens. This fungus was able to remove over 50% of the COD from undiluted vinasse while producing almost 800U/l of the valuable laccase enzyme within three days. Since the effluent from the fungal system did not meet the legal limits for wastewater disposal, a two-stage aerobicanaerobic system is suggested to improve the quality of the effluent prior to disposal. The ETSA was used to assess the fungal technology in relation to the two current methods of vinasse treatment and disposal, namely land application and anaerobic digestion. Based on the ETSA, which considered environmental, social and economic impacts, the fungal system proved to be potentially competitive and further development of the technology is suggested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 1961
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1961
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8095 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004410
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies in the University Great Hall on Saturday , 8th April, 1961, at 11 a.m. [and] Saturday , 22nd April, 1961, at 11 a.m.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1961
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1961
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8095 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004410
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies in the University Great Hall on Saturday , 8th April, 1961, at 11 a.m. [and] Saturday , 22nd April, 1961, at 11 a.m.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1961
The development of biological tools to aid in the genetic investigation of the black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros mitochondrial genomes
- Authors: Parsons, Michelle
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/56059 , vital:26769
- Description: The black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros are found in South Africa. A decline in the populations of these species has resulted due to human activities such as habitat fragmentation and poaching. This has contributed to the loss of genetic diversity amongst the black and white rhinoceros. Conservation and anti-poaching efforts are needed to help maintain genetic diversity. These efforts could be improved through the development of non-invasive techniques to examine DNA from threatened animals. The aim of this research was to develop a molecular technique which would allow for the identification of the black and white rhinoceros and to develop a molecular technique which would allow for intraspecies genetic variation to be examined. DNA extractions were performed on matched faecal and tissue samples that were collected from two regions in South Africa. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets were designed to investigate several regions of the rhinoceros mitochondrial genome. PCR optimisation was completed for the target regions. Sequencing was conducted on all final PCR products. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COIi) gene allowed for the rhinoceros family to be identified. This region was digested with the HindIII restriction enzyme, which allowed for the specific identification of either the black or white rhinoceros. A subsequent region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COIii) as well as the D-loop, hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2), cytochrome b (cytb) and 16s rRNA regions were investigated. These regions displayed potential for establishing geographic origin for black rhinoceros samples, whereas the D-loop and HV2 show potential for the white rhinoceros. The white rhinoceros displayed sequence variation in the HV2 and cytb region, while variation was observed in the COIi and HV1 for the black rhinoceros. All investigated target regions allowed for the rhinoceros family to be identified. The COI (COIi and COIii), HV2 and cytb regions allowed for the subspecies of rhinoceros to be identified, however the D-loop was not able to identify the white rhinoceros species. The 16s rRNA and HV1 regions allowed for the correct subspecies of rhinoceros to be identified, however as the primers were only compatible for the black rhinoceros therefore a subsequent investigation is required for the white rhinoceros. The establishment of this novel PCR based technique to identify white and black rhinoceros will allow for efficient species identification in wildlife forensic cases. A biological method was established to study intraspecies variation for the white and black rhinoceros; however the investigated target regions did not yield sufficient genetic variation. The core techniques developed in this study will be valuable for future studies that wish to investigate genetic variation in mammal species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Parsons, Michelle
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/56059 , vital:26769
- Description: The black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros are found in South Africa. A decline in the populations of these species has resulted due to human activities such as habitat fragmentation and poaching. This has contributed to the loss of genetic diversity amongst the black and white rhinoceros. Conservation and anti-poaching efforts are needed to help maintain genetic diversity. These efforts could be improved through the development of non-invasive techniques to examine DNA from threatened animals. The aim of this research was to develop a molecular technique which would allow for the identification of the black and white rhinoceros and to develop a molecular technique which would allow for intraspecies genetic variation to be examined. DNA extractions were performed on matched faecal and tissue samples that were collected from two regions in South Africa. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets were designed to investigate several regions of the rhinoceros mitochondrial genome. PCR optimisation was completed for the target regions. Sequencing was conducted on all final PCR products. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COIi) gene allowed for the rhinoceros family to be identified. This region was digested with the HindIII restriction enzyme, which allowed for the specific identification of either the black or white rhinoceros. A subsequent region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COIii) as well as the D-loop, hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2), cytochrome b (cytb) and 16s rRNA regions were investigated. These regions displayed potential for establishing geographic origin for black rhinoceros samples, whereas the D-loop and HV2 show potential for the white rhinoceros. The white rhinoceros displayed sequence variation in the HV2 and cytb region, while variation was observed in the COIi and HV1 for the black rhinoceros. All investigated target regions allowed for the rhinoceros family to be identified. The COI (COIi and COIii), HV2 and cytb regions allowed for the subspecies of rhinoceros to be identified, however the D-loop was not able to identify the white rhinoceros species. The 16s rRNA and HV1 regions allowed for the correct subspecies of rhinoceros to be identified, however as the primers were only compatible for the black rhinoceros therefore a subsequent investigation is required for the white rhinoceros. The establishment of this novel PCR based technique to identify white and black rhinoceros will allow for efficient species identification in wildlife forensic cases. A biological method was established to study intraspecies variation for the white and black rhinoceros; however the investigated target regions did not yield sufficient genetic variation. The core techniques developed in this study will be valuable for future studies that wish to investigate genetic variation in mammal species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Synthesis and characterisation of lanthanide complexes with potential nitrogen- and oxygen-donor schiff base ligands
- Authors: Pikoli, Sibongile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Rare earths , Schiff bases
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47050 , vital:39778
- Description: This research describes the coordination chemistry of lanthanide complexes with potentially multidentate nitrogen- and oxygen-donor Schiff base derivatives. The studies were performed using various physico-chemical techniques including melting point, IR and NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, X-ray crystallography and cyclic voltammetry. The reaction of [Ln(NO3)3·xH2O] (Ln = Nd, Gd, Yb; x = 6 for Nd and Gd, x = 5 for Yb) with the flexible salen-type Schiff base ligand 1,3-bis(o-hydroxybenzylideneamino)propane (H2L1) produced three polynuclear complexes with the general formulae {[Nd(µH2L1)4(NO3)3]·2H2O}n and [Ln(µ-H2L1)2(NO3)6(H2L1)] (Ln = Gd and Yb). Single-crystal Xray crystallography revealed a ten-coordinate polymeric Nd(III) complex that crystallised in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and isostructural nine-coordinate binuclear Gd(III) and Yb(III) complexes (triclinic system, space group P-1). The lanthanide contraction effect is clear across the series. The flexible nature of HL2 results in the self-assembly of the Nd(III) complex in a 1D polymer chain by acting as the bridge between the metal ions. The Nd-Ophenolate bond distances are 2.403(18), 2.463(17), 2.379(17) and 2.367(19) Å and the average Nd-Onitrate bond length is 2.671 Å. Furthermore, the electronic absorption spectra displays 4f→4f transitions solely for the neodymium(III) compound. The syntheses and characterisation of the lanthanide complexes, [La(HL2)3(NO3)3], [Dy(HL2)2(NO3)3] and [Dy(HL2)2Cl3(H2O)]·2CH2Cl2 with the o-vanillin-derived Schiff base ligand 2-methoxy-6-[(E)-(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (HL2) are reported. The nitro-stabilised La(III) and Dy(III) compounds are ten-coordinate with metabidiminished icosahedron and sphenocorona geometries, respectively. Substitution of the nitrate with chloride ions in the starting metal compounds yielded an eight-coordinate Dy(III) complex that adopts the biaugmented trigonal prism geometry. For all three complexes, HL2 exists as a zwitterion that is bound to the metal centre in a mono- and bidentate fashion via the phenolate and methoxy oxygen atoms. The dysprosium(III) chloride complex is stabilised by both intramolecular N−H···O and intermolecular O−H···C1 hydrogen bonds, while the crystal packing of the Ln(III) nitrate complexes is ensured by mainly intramolecular N−H···O hydrogen bonds. Fluorescence studies displayed characteristic Dy(III) f→f transitions (4F9/2 → 6H15/2), which suggest the ligand HL2 is an effective organic antenna to absorb and transfer energy to the dysprosium ion. A series of mononuclear Nd(III) complexes with the Schiff base derivatives 2-methoxy-6-[(E)(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (HL2), 5-methoxy-2-[(E)-(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (HL3) and 2-methoxy-6-{(E)-[(2-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol (HL4) yielded structurally diverse complexes defined by the formulae [Nd(HL2)2(NO3)3], [Nd(HL3)3(NO3)3] and [Nd(HL4)2(NO3)3]·CH3OH. Crystallographic analysis shows HL2 and HL4 coordinate bidentately via the phenolate and methoxy oxygen atoms, while HL3 is bound monodentately through the phenolate oxygen atom. Continuous shape measures depict that the decacoordinate complexes with HL2 and HL4 conform to the sphenocorona and tetradecahedron geometries, respectively, whilst the nona-coordinate Nd(III) complex with HL3 exhibits the muffin geometry. The effect of the ligand substituents and their positions (meta versus para) on the absorption and emission intensities of the complexes is demonstrated. Additionally, the electrochemical behaviour of the o-vanillin-derived Schiff base ligands and their complexes was also investigated, and the results illustrate ligand-based reductions and metal-centred redox potentials that are significantly shifted by the ligand substituents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Pikoli, Sibongile
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Rare earths , Schiff bases
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47050 , vital:39778
- Description: This research describes the coordination chemistry of lanthanide complexes with potentially multidentate nitrogen- and oxygen-donor Schiff base derivatives. The studies were performed using various physico-chemical techniques including melting point, IR and NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, X-ray crystallography and cyclic voltammetry. The reaction of [Ln(NO3)3·xH2O] (Ln = Nd, Gd, Yb; x = 6 for Nd and Gd, x = 5 for Yb) with the flexible salen-type Schiff base ligand 1,3-bis(o-hydroxybenzylideneamino)propane (H2L1) produced three polynuclear complexes with the general formulae {[Nd(µH2L1)4(NO3)3]·2H2O}n and [Ln(µ-H2L1)2(NO3)6(H2L1)] (Ln = Gd and Yb). Single-crystal Xray crystallography revealed a ten-coordinate polymeric Nd(III) complex that crystallised in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and isostructural nine-coordinate binuclear Gd(III) and Yb(III) complexes (triclinic system, space group P-1). The lanthanide contraction effect is clear across the series. The flexible nature of HL2 results in the self-assembly of the Nd(III) complex in a 1D polymer chain by acting as the bridge between the metal ions. The Nd-Ophenolate bond distances are 2.403(18), 2.463(17), 2.379(17) and 2.367(19) Å and the average Nd-Onitrate bond length is 2.671 Å. Furthermore, the electronic absorption spectra displays 4f→4f transitions solely for the neodymium(III) compound. The syntheses and characterisation of the lanthanide complexes, [La(HL2)3(NO3)3], [Dy(HL2)2(NO3)3] and [Dy(HL2)2Cl3(H2O)]·2CH2Cl2 with the o-vanillin-derived Schiff base ligand 2-methoxy-6-[(E)-(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (HL2) are reported. The nitro-stabilised La(III) and Dy(III) compounds are ten-coordinate with metabidiminished icosahedron and sphenocorona geometries, respectively. Substitution of the nitrate with chloride ions in the starting metal compounds yielded an eight-coordinate Dy(III) complex that adopts the biaugmented trigonal prism geometry. For all three complexes, HL2 exists as a zwitterion that is bound to the metal centre in a mono- and bidentate fashion via the phenolate and methoxy oxygen atoms. The dysprosium(III) chloride complex is stabilised by both intramolecular N−H···O and intermolecular O−H···C1 hydrogen bonds, while the crystal packing of the Ln(III) nitrate complexes is ensured by mainly intramolecular N−H···O hydrogen bonds. Fluorescence studies displayed characteristic Dy(III) f→f transitions (4F9/2 → 6H15/2), which suggest the ligand HL2 is an effective organic antenna to absorb and transfer energy to the dysprosium ion. A series of mononuclear Nd(III) complexes with the Schiff base derivatives 2-methoxy-6-[(E)(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (HL2), 5-methoxy-2-[(E)-(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (HL3) and 2-methoxy-6-{(E)-[(2-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol (HL4) yielded structurally diverse complexes defined by the formulae [Nd(HL2)2(NO3)3], [Nd(HL3)3(NO3)3] and [Nd(HL4)2(NO3)3]·CH3OH. Crystallographic analysis shows HL2 and HL4 coordinate bidentately via the phenolate and methoxy oxygen atoms, while HL3 is bound monodentately through the phenolate oxygen atom. Continuous shape measures depict that the decacoordinate complexes with HL2 and HL4 conform to the sphenocorona and tetradecahedron geometries, respectively, whilst the nona-coordinate Nd(III) complex with HL3 exhibits the muffin geometry. The effect of the ligand substituents and their positions (meta versus para) on the absorption and emission intensities of the complexes is demonstrated. Additionally, the electrochemical behaviour of the o-vanillin-derived Schiff base ligands and their complexes was also investigated, and the results illustrate ligand-based reductions and metal-centred redox potentials that are significantly shifted by the ligand substituents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An investigation of a mathematics recovery programme for multiplicative reasoning to a group of learners in the South African context : a case study approach
- Authors: Mofu, Zanele Abegail
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Multiplication -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Case studies , Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Case studies , Learning -- Research -- South Africa , Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1991 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013333
- Description: This thesis describes an intervention using the Mathematics Recovery programme in a South African context with a small sample of Grade 4 learners. The study uses a qualitative case study approach. The data collection included video recorded one-to-one oral interviews with the learners. I used the Learning Framework in Number (LFIN) developed by Wright, Martland, Stafford and Stanger (2006) to profile the learners using pre and post intervention interview data and to determine their levels of multiplicative reasoning. The analysis showed the positive impact of the Mathematics Recovery programme on the improvement of multiplicative reasoning. The study contributes to the use of Mathematics Recovery programmes in South Africa from both a teacher and teacher educator perspective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mofu, Zanele Abegail
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Multiplication -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Case studies , Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Case studies , Learning -- Research -- South Africa , Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- Evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1991 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013333
- Description: This thesis describes an intervention using the Mathematics Recovery programme in a South African context with a small sample of Grade 4 learners. The study uses a qualitative case study approach. The data collection included video recorded one-to-one oral interviews with the learners. I used the Learning Framework in Number (LFIN) developed by Wright, Martland, Stafford and Stanger (2006) to profile the learners using pre and post intervention interview data and to determine their levels of multiplicative reasoning. The analysis showed the positive impact of the Mathematics Recovery programme on the improvement of multiplicative reasoning. The study contributes to the use of Mathematics Recovery programmes in South Africa from both a teacher and teacher educator perspective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Modelling dispersal processes in impala-cheetah-lion ecosystems with infection in the lions
- Authors: Mbava, Willard
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Predation (Biology) -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park Endangered species -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11782 , vital:26968
- Description: The study involved the predator-prey interaction of three species namely the predator (Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus), the super-predator (Lion Panthera leo), and their common prey (Impala Aepyceros melampus). The study area is the Kruger National Park. The predator being an endangered species, faces a survival problem. It is frequently killed by the super-predator to reduce competition for prey. The super-predator also scares away the predator o_ its kills. The prey forms the main diet of the predator. The plight of the predator motivated the author to formulate disease and reaction-diffusion models for the species interactions. The purpose of the models were to predict and explain the effect of large competition from the super-predator on the predator population. Important parameters related to additional predator mortality due to presence of super-predator, the disease incidence rate and induced death rate formed the focal points of the analysis. The dynamics of a predator-prey model with disease in super-predator were investigated. The super-predator species is infected with bovine Tuberculosis. In the study, the disease is considered as biological control to allow the predator population to regain from low numbers. The results highlight that in the absence of additional mortality on the predator by the super-predator, the predator population survives extinction. Furthermore, at current levels of disease incidence, the super-predator population is wiped out by the disease. However, the super-predator population survives extinction if the disease incidence rate is low. Persistence of all populations is possible in the case of low disease incidence rate and no additional mortality imparted on the predator. Furthermore, a two-species subsystem, prey and predator, is considered as a special case to determine the effect of super-predator removal from the system, on the survival of the predator. This is treated as a contrasting case from the smaller parks. The results show that the predator population thrives well in the total absence of its main competitor, with its population rising to at least twice the initial value. A reaction-diffusion three-species predator-prey model was formulated and analysed. Stability of the temporal and the spatio-temporal systems, existence and non-existence of stationary steady state solutions were studied. Conditions for the emergence of stationary patterns were deduced. The results show that by choosing the diffusion coeffcient d2 > _D 2 suffciently large, a non-constant positive solution is generated, that is, stationary patterns emerge, depicting dispersal of species. Predators were observed to occupy habitats surrounding prey. However, super-predators were observed to alternate their habitats, from staying away from prey to invading prey habitat. In the investigation, strategies to determine ways in which the predator species could be saved from extinction and its population improved were devised, and these included isolation of the predator from the super-predator.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mbava, Willard
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Predation (Biology) -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park Endangered species -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11782 , vital:26968
- Description: The study involved the predator-prey interaction of three species namely the predator (Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus), the super-predator (Lion Panthera leo), and their common prey (Impala Aepyceros melampus). The study area is the Kruger National Park. The predator being an endangered species, faces a survival problem. It is frequently killed by the super-predator to reduce competition for prey. The super-predator also scares away the predator o_ its kills. The prey forms the main diet of the predator. The plight of the predator motivated the author to formulate disease and reaction-diffusion models for the species interactions. The purpose of the models were to predict and explain the effect of large competition from the super-predator on the predator population. Important parameters related to additional predator mortality due to presence of super-predator, the disease incidence rate and induced death rate formed the focal points of the analysis. The dynamics of a predator-prey model with disease in super-predator were investigated. The super-predator species is infected with bovine Tuberculosis. In the study, the disease is considered as biological control to allow the predator population to regain from low numbers. The results highlight that in the absence of additional mortality on the predator by the super-predator, the predator population survives extinction. Furthermore, at current levels of disease incidence, the super-predator population is wiped out by the disease. However, the super-predator population survives extinction if the disease incidence rate is low. Persistence of all populations is possible in the case of low disease incidence rate and no additional mortality imparted on the predator. Furthermore, a two-species subsystem, prey and predator, is considered as a special case to determine the effect of super-predator removal from the system, on the survival of the predator. This is treated as a contrasting case from the smaller parks. The results show that the predator population thrives well in the total absence of its main competitor, with its population rising to at least twice the initial value. A reaction-diffusion three-species predator-prey model was formulated and analysed. Stability of the temporal and the spatio-temporal systems, existence and non-existence of stationary steady state solutions were studied. Conditions for the emergence of stationary patterns were deduced. The results show that by choosing the diffusion coeffcient d2 > _D 2 suffciently large, a non-constant positive solution is generated, that is, stationary patterns emerge, depicting dispersal of species. Predators were observed to occupy habitats surrounding prey. However, super-predators were observed to alternate their habitats, from staying away from prey to invading prey habitat. In the investigation, strategies to determine ways in which the predator species could be saved from extinction and its population improved were devised, and these included isolation of the predator from the super-predator.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Diet of the yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata) in the Albany Thicket Biome of South Africa
- Authors: Bizani, Mfundo
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Zoology)
- Identifier: vital:11796 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019840
- Description: The dietary habits of the yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata were studied in the Albany Thicket Biome of South Africa (Great Fish River Reserve, Eastern Cape). The diet was investigated through the analysis of 1,056 scats that were sampled over a period of 7 years (2005−2009 and 2011−2012) mainly in three similar sites (Kelarny, Grasslands and Junction 10) that were used by at least three families or groups of yellow mongooses. Scats were collected near latrine sites, labelled and stored in a freezer. In the laboratory, scats were oven dried for a period of 24 hours at 50 C. Diet was determined by identifying undigested food remains in the scats. Hair samples were examined under the compound microscope to identify which mammals were ingested. In the field, both arthropod and small mammal abundance were determined in order to evaluate whether yellow mongooses are opportunistic or specialist feeders. Furthermore, inter-annual (2006–2008) and inter-group/inter-site variations in the diet were assessed. Based on faecal analysis, arthropods were the principal prey, while small mammals acted as supplementary food item. Other food categories like vegetation, reptiles and birds were only ingested or preyed upon infrequently. Intermediate dietary diversity, and low standardised diet breadth indices were obtained for all seasons, as well as for the whole sampling period. The diet overlaps calculated for pairs of seasons were very high and did not differ substantially. However, the diet of the yellow mongoose varied seasonally, yearly and between groups (sites), mostly due to variations in arthropod and small mammal consumption. Food availability displayed an increase in biomass of both small mammals and arthropods in summer and autumn. Results obtained in this study could suggest that the yellow mongoose at the GFRR is insectivorous by preferring to feed on insects (and arthropods in general) when both insects and rodents are abundant. However the fact that its diet varies both seasonally, yearly and locally, as well as the presence of remains of other food categories in the scats, indicates that this species is rather an opportunistic, generalist feeder than an insect specialist.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Bizani, Mfundo
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Zoology)
- Identifier: vital:11796 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019840
- Description: The dietary habits of the yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata were studied in the Albany Thicket Biome of South Africa (Great Fish River Reserve, Eastern Cape). The diet was investigated through the analysis of 1,056 scats that were sampled over a period of 7 years (2005−2009 and 2011−2012) mainly in three similar sites (Kelarny, Grasslands and Junction 10) that were used by at least three families or groups of yellow mongooses. Scats were collected near latrine sites, labelled and stored in a freezer. In the laboratory, scats were oven dried for a period of 24 hours at 50 C. Diet was determined by identifying undigested food remains in the scats. Hair samples were examined under the compound microscope to identify which mammals were ingested. In the field, both arthropod and small mammal abundance were determined in order to evaluate whether yellow mongooses are opportunistic or specialist feeders. Furthermore, inter-annual (2006–2008) and inter-group/inter-site variations in the diet were assessed. Based on faecal analysis, arthropods were the principal prey, while small mammals acted as supplementary food item. Other food categories like vegetation, reptiles and birds were only ingested or preyed upon infrequently. Intermediate dietary diversity, and low standardised diet breadth indices were obtained for all seasons, as well as for the whole sampling period. The diet overlaps calculated for pairs of seasons were very high and did not differ substantially. However, the diet of the yellow mongoose varied seasonally, yearly and between groups (sites), mostly due to variations in arthropod and small mammal consumption. Food availability displayed an increase in biomass of both small mammals and arthropods in summer and autumn. Results obtained in this study could suggest that the yellow mongoose at the GFRR is insectivorous by preferring to feed on insects (and arthropods in general) when both insects and rodents are abundant. However the fact that its diet varies both seasonally, yearly and locally, as well as the presence of remains of other food categories in the scats, indicates that this species is rather an opportunistic, generalist feeder than an insect specialist.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Synthesis, characterisation and antitumour activities of lanthanide complexes with hydrazones and carboxylic acid ligands
- Authors: Madanhire, Tatenda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organic acids
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48456 , vital:40878
- Description: The tridentate hydrazone ligands, (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (H2phen) and (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide (H2Nic), were synthesised and complexed to Ln(III) acetates. The centrosymmetric, acetato-bridged dinuclear coordination compounds with the formulae, [La2(Hphen)2(OAc)4(H2O)2]·DMF·H2O (1), [Ln2(HNic)2(OAc)4(H2O)2]·DMF·H2O (Ln = La (2) and Nd (3)) and [Ln2(HNic)2(OAc)4(H2O)2]·DMF (Ln = Er (4) and Yb (5)) were isolated and characterised by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies and SHAPE 2.1. The nine-coordinate complexes 1–3 crystallise in the triclinic space group P-1, with the metal centres having the distorted spherical capped square antiprism geometry (C4v), while the eight-coordinate Er(III) and Yb(III) complexes (monoclinic system, space group P21/c) display the geometry of distorted triangular dodecahedron (D2d). Geometry optimisation of the monoanionic forms of the hydrazone ligands (Hphen– and HNic– ) were performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Becke’s three parameter hybrid method and correlation functional of Lee, Yang and Parr (B3LYP) with augcc-pVTZ basis set. Natural population analysis (NPA) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps indicated that the most preferred sites for electrophilic attack in the anionic ligands are the phenolate and carbonyl oxygens, and the azomethine nitrogens. The evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the compounds on breast cancer (MCF-7), the endometrial carcinoma (HEC-1A) and the human monocytic (THP-1) cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that the hydrazone ligands and complexes 1–4 are partially cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells, while the Schiff bases and complexes 3–5 significantly inhibit cell growth in HEC-1A cells. The complexation reactions of Ce(III), Nd(III), Gd(III) and Er(III) with the chelating/ bridging monoanionic ligand N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)oxamate (Hpma– ) in basic media were performed in view of the potential applications of oxamate derivatives as cytotoxic agents. The coordination compounds were characterised by different Abstract T. Madanhire Nelson Mandela University xxvi physico-chemical techniques: elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR, 1 H NMR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The anionic Hpma– was obtained through conversion of the proligand ethyl (2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)formate (Hdmp). The reactions afforded lanthanide(III)–oxamate coordination polymers of formulae: {[Ln(Hpma)3(MeOH)(H2O)]∙2MeOH}n (Ln = Ce (1) and Nd (2)), {[Gd2(Hpma)6(MeOH)4]∙6MeOH}n (3), {[Er2(Hpma)6(MeOH)(H2O)3]∙2MeOH}n (4) and [Ln2Na2(Hpma)8(EtOH)(H2O)6]n (Ln = Nd (5) and Gd (6)). The polymeric complexes feature Ln-Hpma moieties bridged by μ2-η 1 :η 1 :η 1 Hpma– , giving onedimensional zig-zag chains of the –Ln–O–C–O–Ln– type. Atomic charge analysis and the MEP map of the Hpma– moiety done using the DFT/B3LYP method were found to be consistent with the chelating and bridging modes of the anionic ligand through all the oxygen atoms. The evaluation of the cytotoxic activities of the metal salts, the proligand and the novel lanthanide complexes on MCF-7, HEC-1A and THP-1 cell lines revealed that only the rare-earth metal salts [Ce(NO3)3∙6H2O] and [Nd(NO3)3∙6H2O] showed modest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HEC-1A cells, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Madanhire, Tatenda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Organic acids
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48456 , vital:40878
- Description: The tridentate hydrazone ligands, (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (H2phen) and (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide (H2Nic), were synthesised and complexed to Ln(III) acetates. The centrosymmetric, acetato-bridged dinuclear coordination compounds with the formulae, [La2(Hphen)2(OAc)4(H2O)2]·DMF·H2O (1), [Ln2(HNic)2(OAc)4(H2O)2]·DMF·H2O (Ln = La (2) and Nd (3)) and [Ln2(HNic)2(OAc)4(H2O)2]·DMF (Ln = Er (4) and Yb (5)) were isolated and characterised by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies and SHAPE 2.1. The nine-coordinate complexes 1–3 crystallise in the triclinic space group P-1, with the metal centres having the distorted spherical capped square antiprism geometry (C4v), while the eight-coordinate Er(III) and Yb(III) complexes (monoclinic system, space group P21/c) display the geometry of distorted triangular dodecahedron (D2d). Geometry optimisation of the monoanionic forms of the hydrazone ligands (Hphen– and HNic– ) were performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Becke’s three parameter hybrid method and correlation functional of Lee, Yang and Parr (B3LYP) with augcc-pVTZ basis set. Natural population analysis (NPA) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps indicated that the most preferred sites for electrophilic attack in the anionic ligands are the phenolate and carbonyl oxygens, and the azomethine nitrogens. The evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the compounds on breast cancer (MCF-7), the endometrial carcinoma (HEC-1A) and the human monocytic (THP-1) cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that the hydrazone ligands and complexes 1–4 are partially cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells, while the Schiff bases and complexes 3–5 significantly inhibit cell growth in HEC-1A cells. The complexation reactions of Ce(III), Nd(III), Gd(III) and Er(III) with the chelating/ bridging monoanionic ligand N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)oxamate (Hpma– ) in basic media were performed in view of the potential applications of oxamate derivatives as cytotoxic agents. The coordination compounds were characterised by different Abstract T. Madanhire Nelson Mandela University xxvi physico-chemical techniques: elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR, 1 H NMR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The anionic Hpma– was obtained through conversion of the proligand ethyl (2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)formate (Hdmp). The reactions afforded lanthanide(III)–oxamate coordination polymers of formulae: {[Ln(Hpma)3(MeOH)(H2O)]∙2MeOH}n (Ln = Ce (1) and Nd (2)), {[Gd2(Hpma)6(MeOH)4]∙6MeOH}n (3), {[Er2(Hpma)6(MeOH)(H2O)3]∙2MeOH}n (4) and [Ln2Na2(Hpma)8(EtOH)(H2O)6]n (Ln = Nd (5) and Gd (6)). The polymeric complexes feature Ln-Hpma moieties bridged by μ2-η 1 :η 1 :η 1 Hpma– , giving onedimensional zig-zag chains of the –Ln–O–C–O–Ln– type. Atomic charge analysis and the MEP map of the Hpma– moiety done using the DFT/B3LYP method were found to be consistent with the chelating and bridging modes of the anionic ligand through all the oxygen atoms. The evaluation of the cytotoxic activities of the metal salts, the proligand and the novel lanthanide complexes on MCF-7, HEC-1A and THP-1 cell lines revealed that only the rare-earth metal salts [Ce(NO3)3∙6H2O] and [Nd(NO3)3∙6H2O] showed modest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HEC-1A cells, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Camden Jazz week
- Unknown
- Authors: Unknown
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group) , Shepp, Archie , Ibrahim, Abdullah , Moholo, Louis T.--1940-
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13762 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012778
- Description: Original program for the "Camden Jazz week" festival in London, England.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Unknown
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group) , Shepp, Archie , Ibrahim, Abdullah , Moholo, Louis T.--1940-
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13762 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012778
- Description: Original program for the "Camden Jazz week" festival in London, England.
- Full Text:
Rhodes University Research Report 2003
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011947
- Description: [From Preface and Introduction] The core business of a university is teaching and research and Rhodes has excelled in both. Our success in research is also exemplified by the graduation in April of 39 PhD and 111 Masters students. Postgraduate throughput together with research outputs will play a crucial role in the new funding formula for determining Government subsidy to Institutions. In assessing the research output of universities it is important, for comparative purposes, that this is done in relation to the size of an institution. Currently this research output, per size or per capita, is calculated by dividing the research publication output by either the audited FTE’s (i.e. number of students) or the state subsidy, which is largely based on the size of the university. These calculations show that Rhodes has had the best research output per capita for the previous four years. I would like to congratulate the members of staff and postgraduates, particularly in those Departments that are consistently increasing or maintaining their research output, for their contribution to the research effort of the university. I am aware that the research contributions mentioned in this report have been made amidst many demands such as increased student numbers and a very competitive funding environment, to name a few. Asa result of positive feedback received this year we have maintained the layout and format of the first formal research report published in 2002 Please note that each Department’s/Faculty’s highlights section are as provided by the Head of Department as are the research outputs produced. The table of provisional subsidy units earned by each Department/Faculty have been included as there is often a misconception that one journal article equates to one subsidy unit. This is the case if all the authors are from Rhodes University but where articles are jointly published, a pro-rata share is calculated. Likewise due to the complex funding formula used by the Department of Education, the total research outputs produced do not equate directly to the subsidisable units. Please note that "in press" articles in 2002 but published in 2003 have already been claimed in 2002 and hence do not appear in the table but are recorded in the report. Articles that have been submitted for possible publication have not been included in the table nor the report as it is not possible to prove if the articles had been accepted for publication by the time our submission to the Department of Education was audited. Also please note that subsidy units earned for book/chapter/patent/conference proceedings publications are not included in the subsidy unit tables since we receive no feedback from the Department of Education in terms of which books/chapters/patents/proceedings are finally accepted for subsidy purposes each year. Only a small fraction of such books, chapters, patents and proceedings which are submitted actually receive subsidy. I would like to stress the need to publish in subsidy earning journals and to submit accurate information so that the University can claim as many units as possible. The total audited (but not yet awarded) publication subsidy units for journal articles which have been submitted to the Department of Education for 2003 is 180.56 units. This is some 26.08 units down on our 2002 submission and is of concern. Of this figure, publications in current non-subsidy earning journals in 2003 amounted to 5.5 units. These have been forwarded to the Department of Education for consideration for subsidy purposes. Despite the decrease in publication outputs in 2003, postgraduate student graduation, particularly PhD’s, was encouragingly high in 2003 and in general it was once again a highly successful year for research at Rhodes. I would therefore like to add my congratulations to that of the Vice-Chancellor to all staff and postgraduate students for their research efforts in 2003.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011947
- Description: [From Preface and Introduction] The core business of a university is teaching and research and Rhodes has excelled in both. Our success in research is also exemplified by the graduation in April of 39 PhD and 111 Masters students. Postgraduate throughput together with research outputs will play a crucial role in the new funding formula for determining Government subsidy to Institutions. In assessing the research output of universities it is important, for comparative purposes, that this is done in relation to the size of an institution. Currently this research output, per size or per capita, is calculated by dividing the research publication output by either the audited FTE’s (i.e. number of students) or the state subsidy, which is largely based on the size of the university. These calculations show that Rhodes has had the best research output per capita for the previous four years. I would like to congratulate the members of staff and postgraduates, particularly in those Departments that are consistently increasing or maintaining their research output, for their contribution to the research effort of the university. I am aware that the research contributions mentioned in this report have been made amidst many demands such as increased student numbers and a very competitive funding environment, to name a few. Asa result of positive feedback received this year we have maintained the layout and format of the first formal research report published in 2002 Please note that each Department’s/Faculty’s highlights section are as provided by the Head of Department as are the research outputs produced. The table of provisional subsidy units earned by each Department/Faculty have been included as there is often a misconception that one journal article equates to one subsidy unit. This is the case if all the authors are from Rhodes University but where articles are jointly published, a pro-rata share is calculated. Likewise due to the complex funding formula used by the Department of Education, the total research outputs produced do not equate directly to the subsidisable units. Please note that "in press" articles in 2002 but published in 2003 have already been claimed in 2002 and hence do not appear in the table but are recorded in the report. Articles that have been submitted for possible publication have not been included in the table nor the report as it is not possible to prove if the articles had been accepted for publication by the time our submission to the Department of Education was audited. Also please note that subsidy units earned for book/chapter/patent/conference proceedings publications are not included in the subsidy unit tables since we receive no feedback from the Department of Education in terms of which books/chapters/patents/proceedings are finally accepted for subsidy purposes each year. Only a small fraction of such books, chapters, patents and proceedings which are submitted actually receive subsidy. I would like to stress the need to publish in subsidy earning journals and to submit accurate information so that the University can claim as many units as possible. The total audited (but not yet awarded) publication subsidy units for journal articles which have been submitted to the Department of Education for 2003 is 180.56 units. This is some 26.08 units down on our 2002 submission and is of concern. Of this figure, publications in current non-subsidy earning journals in 2003 amounted to 5.5 units. These have been forwarded to the Department of Education for consideration for subsidy purposes. Despite the decrease in publication outputs in 2003, postgraduate student graduation, particularly PhD’s, was encouragingly high in 2003 and in general it was once again a highly successful year for research at Rhodes. I would therefore like to add my congratulations to that of the Vice-Chancellor to all staff and postgraduate students for their research efforts in 2003.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Inventing the Human: Brontosaurus Bloom and “the Shakespeare in us”
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7045 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007387 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351963534/chapters/10.4324%2F9781315264264-15
- Description: preprint , This essay was occasioned by the casual reading of a book called Harold Bloom’s Shakespeare (2002), a collection of responses, pro, ante and puzzled, to Bloom’s Shakespearean magnum opus. The more I browsed in the assembled essays, some of them originally reviews and conference papers, others specially commissioned responses, the more curious I became. On the whole, the contributors seemed not to understand Bloom, at least not to understand him adequately, which is a devastating handicap when the task in hand is to pass judgment. The problem seems to be that few academic commentators take Bloom seriously, accepting that he means what he says; more accurately, they find it hard to entertain with full seriousness matters Bloom intends should be taken entirely seriously. Shakespeareans, locked into their various ways of understanding the world and critical activity, generally try to find Shakespeare (or “Shakespeare”) through reading Bloom, whereas he wants us to find ourselves through reading Shakespeare: to uncover what Emerson called ‘the Shakespeare in us’ (‘Shakespeare, or The Poet’, 256). The difference is stupendous. We ought first to ask in regard to Bloom’s blockbuster the question Bloom tells us he learned from Kenneth Burke, ‘What is the author trying to do for himself or herself by writing this work?’ (Shakespeare, 412).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7045 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007387 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351963534/chapters/10.4324%2F9781315264264-15
- Description: preprint , This essay was occasioned by the casual reading of a book called Harold Bloom’s Shakespeare (2002), a collection of responses, pro, ante and puzzled, to Bloom’s Shakespearean magnum opus. The more I browsed in the assembled essays, some of them originally reviews and conference papers, others specially commissioned responses, the more curious I became. On the whole, the contributors seemed not to understand Bloom, at least not to understand him adequately, which is a devastating handicap when the task in hand is to pass judgment. The problem seems to be that few academic commentators take Bloom seriously, accepting that he means what he says; more accurately, they find it hard to entertain with full seriousness matters Bloom intends should be taken entirely seriously. Shakespeareans, locked into their various ways of understanding the world and critical activity, generally try to find Shakespeare (or “Shakespeare”) through reading Bloom, whereas he wants us to find ourselves through reading Shakespeare: to uncover what Emerson called ‘the Shakespeare in us’ (‘Shakespeare, or The Poet’, 256). The difference is stupendous. We ought first to ask in regard to Bloom’s blockbuster the question Bloom tells us he learned from Kenneth Burke, ‘What is the author trying to do for himself or herself by writing this work?’ (Shakespeare, 412).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
English in South Africa : effective communication and the policy debate : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Communication -- South Africa , English language -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1993-1994
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:683 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020752 , ISBN 0620031557
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Communication -- South Africa , English language -- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1993-1994
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:683 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020752 , ISBN 0620031557
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993