Showing items 281 - 300 of 3616

Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) peel powder meal on growth performance, gut integrity, haemato-biochemical indices, meat, and bone quality of broiler chickens

  • Authors: Akuru, Eunice Amaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0247
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) , Meat -- Quality
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23611 , vital:58218
  • Description: The objective of the current study was to investigate the overall response of broiler birds to varying dietary levels of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) peel powder meal (PPPM). A total of 432-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into six experimental groups of four replications with 18 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The birds were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets designated as: T1-control diet with 0percent additives (negative control; NEGCON); T2- control diet supplemented with α-tocopherol acetate at 200g per ton (positive control; POSCON): T3, T4, T5 and T6-control diet supplemented with 2, 4, 6 and 8g/kg PPPM (PPPM2, PPPM4, PPPM6, PPPM8). The phytochemical, nutritional and antioxidant properties of the pomegranate peel powder were determined. Results showed that the South African-grown pomegranate peel (“Wonderful” variety) had rich protein and trace mineral contents. Higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant and hepatic anti-lipid peroxidative activities were recorded in the ethanol and acetone extracts than the water extract, whereas the three extracts had no toxic effects on liver and kidney cells (p > 0.05). The dietary effects of PPPM supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, carcass, and organ weight indices of Cobb 500 birds were determined. The POSCON diet enhanced (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) at week 3. The average final body weight and average daily weight gain were highest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM2 and PPPM4 diets, whereas birds fed PPPM2 diet had enhanced (p < 0.05) FCR and protein efficiency ratio when compared with birds on POSCON. Thigh and breast weights were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on PPPM4 and PPPM8 diets, whereas birds fed PPPM4 diet had enhanced (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility compared with those on POSCON. The antioxidant status and breast meat quality of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed diets supplemented with PPPM were determined. Meat from birds fed PPPM8 diet had the highest (p < 0.05) thawing loss, while cooking loss was lowest (p < 0.05) in the PPPM2 group. The highest (p < 0.05) ability to scavenge ABTS [(2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid))] radical cation (ABTS+) was recorded in the PPPM2 and PPPM4 meat while PPPM8 meat had increased (p < 0.05) catalase activity. The fatty acid composition, oxidative status, and drip loss in breast meat of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed graded levels of PPPM was determined. Meat from birds fed PPPM4 diet had the lowest (p < 0.05) margaric (C17:0) and arachidic (C20:0) acids, while meat from birds fed PPPM8 diet had higher (p < 0.05) levels of eicosadenoic (C20:2, n-6) and arachidonic (AA, 20:4) acids. The POSCON had higher (p < 0.05) ability to reduce TBARS levels in meat on day-1 and day-16 of storage than the NEGCON and PPPM diets, whereas TBARS levels were lowest (p < 0.05) in PPPM6 meat on day-16. The gut pH, histology, haematology, serum-biochemical indices, and bone quality parameters of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed diets supplemented with PPPM was determined. Birds fed POSCON, PPM2 and PPPM4 diets had the lowest (p < 0.05) pH in the duodenum, jejunum, and caecum, whereas duodenal pH values were lowest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM2 and PPPM4 diets compared with birds on NEGCON. Birds fed PPPM4 diet had the highest (p < 0.01) duodenal, jejunal and ileal villi height (VH), and the highest (p < 0.01) VH to crypt depth (CD) ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The lowest (p < 0.05) CD in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was also recorded in birds fed PPPM4 diet. Birds fed PPPM8 diet had higher (p < 0.05) values for white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume, whereas the lowest (p < 0.05) concentration of serum aspartate transaminase was recorded in birds fed PPPM4 diet. Birds on PPM4 diet had longer (p < 0.05) bones. Bone weight and bone breaking strength were highest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM8 diet. Tibia zinc and iron concentrations increased as the inclusion levels of pomegranate peel powder meal increased. It was concluded that broiler birds require 4 g/kg pomegranate peel powder for enhanced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut histology, quality, and antioxidant enzyme activity of meat, whereas 8 g/kg pomegranate peel powder meal supplementation is required for enhanced heamato-biochemical indices, bone quality, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidative parameters in broiler birds. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Feminization of agriculture, livelihoods and climate change in Chivi district, Zimbabwe

  • Authors: Muzapi, Admire
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Climatic changes , Women in agriculture
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58002 , vital:58489
  • Description: Given the historically disadvantaged position of women and their heavy reliance on climate-sensitive activities in many societies, the vagaries of the climate threaten the agrarian livelihoods of women in Chivi district. This study focuses on the impacts of climate change on women working in agriculture in one ward of Chivi district and on the feminization of agriculture during the period from 2000 to 2019. It explores how the roles of women have changed in agricultural production and in relation to household food security. It assesses women’s involvement in decision-making in agriculture as well as in household food security, and analyses the socio-economic impacts of climate change on women subsistence farmers, exploring the adaptation strategies that rural women working in agriculture implement in response to climate-risk events and threats. The study was influenced by ecofeminist theories and the Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Comparative analysis of household types was done after data gathering using participatory rural appraisal tools with women from three villages. Interviews were conducted with key informants from government departments and development institutions. The results show that climate-risk events and threats have resulted in feminization of agricultural labour as men branch out into wage labour, but that changing power relations in the form of decision-making in agriculture and issues related to household food security vary with the type of the household. Worsening climatic conditions have made it difficult for women to ensure household food security and to generate income through agrarian livelihoods. However, women have implemented adaptation strategies including conservation agriculture to mitigate crop failure, and to improve agricultural output and household daily consumption, and thus survive peak hunger periods. The study contributes to our understanding of the resilience of women in the Global South to climate-risk events and threats and contributes to our understanding of participatory rural appraisal tools in addition to conventional data collection tools. The study recommends that development institutions promote gender equality and that development institutions construct dams, rehabilitate collapsed irrigation schemes and accelerate the implementation of novel climate smart technologies in arid regions. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Foraging behaviour of the Sooty Albatross in relation to climatic variability and fisheries

  • Authors: Banda, Shamiso
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Spatial behavior in animals , Conservation of natural resources --South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55632 , vital:53383
  • Description: As top predators, seabirds occupy the upper trophic level of marine ecosystems. They are consequently important for the maintenance of ecosystem structure and function, while also possessing characteristics which are useful for identifying climate-driven changes in oceanography at all trophic levels. This important faunal group is one of the most threatened, with climate change and fisheries bycatch mortality being the primary drivers of population declines. Understanding these threats is important for the management of threatened seabird populations. One impact of climate change and variability in climate occurs through changes in prey availability. As central place foragers, breeding seabirds have trip duration constraints due to the obligation of nest duties. This makes them particularly vulnerable to changes in prey availability within their foraging ranges. The ability to adjust foraging behaviour during environmental conditions which alter prey availability is an important attribute which can contribute to breeding success. Thus, investigating for this foraging behavioural plasticity during different breeding stages provides insights into how a species is likely to be impacted by climate change. The sooty albatross population on Marion Island was studied and displayed a degree of foraging behavioural plasticity during the five-year period of pronounced climatic variability studied. Incubating birds mainly foraged in the subtropical convergence zone (STCZ), the Sub Antarctic Front (SAF) and Subtropical Front (STF) which border it, and the region north of the STF. Brooding birds mainly used the SAF and Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ). Significantly different areas were used between years during both breeding stages. This population showed a lack of consistent habitat preferences which may offer resilience to progressive climatic variability and change. Interactions of sooty albatrosses, as well as white-chinned petrels for comparative purposes, with fisheries were also assessed. The two species were compared to shed light on possible explanations for differences in seabird-fishery interactions between the species. The impact of fisheries-related mortality (bycatch) is dependent on exposure to fishing activity and attraction to fishing boats encountered while foraging. Bycatch mortality has previously been proposed as the main cause of this sooty albatross population’s decline. Exposure and 6 attraction to fishing boats was found to be lower than that of white-chinned petrels which are bycatch prone. However, the current level of attraction exhibited by this sooty albatross population may expose a significant fraction of the population to bycatch risk due to its small population size. Additionally, all fishing boats were encountered north of the STF where non breeding individuals are now known to be distributed. Thus, the impact of fisheries on this population may mainly be mediated by more bycatch prone non-breeding individuals. Overall, the relative impact of fisheries bycatch mortality is suggested to be higher than that of climatic impacts on the sooty albatross population on Marion Island. However, this study did not incorporate dietary and demographic information which would reveal whether there are nutritional differences between years that may impact on breeding success. An integrated rather than independent assessment of foraging behavioural responses to climatic variability and fishing activity is recommended for improving our understanding of current and future conservation priorities. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology , 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Grappling with food and livelihood practices in the context of socio-ecological displacement: The case of 2014 Tokwe-Mukorsi flood victims in Chingwizi, Zimbabwe

  • Authors: Mudefi, Elmon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-5432
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Food security , Households , Natural disasters -- Zimbabwe
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22056 , vital:51979
  • Description: This study sought to examine how the socio-ecologically displaced Tokwe-Mukorsi community in southern Zimbabwe grappled with adverse circumstances that threatened to obliterate their age-old food and livelihood practices after five years of being resettled 150km away in Chingwizi. The investigation is done against the backdrop of the dominant narrative on resilience, which often overlooks resilience outcomes associated with specific contextual experiences of socio-ecological disadvantage. The study examined the nature and character of emergent food and livelihood practices in Chingwizi, with a view to establishing how they were impacted by socio-political dynamics encountered vis-à-vis displacement, resettlement and in processes of attempting to recover. The study also examined how local narratives about the new food and livelihood practices in Chingwizi intersect with dominant resilience discourses, especially those related to climate change adaptation, sustainability and food security. A triangulated research design was utilised. It consisted of survey, focus group discussion, in-depth interview, and key informant interview. Qualitative research participants were selected based on their knowledge and experience on food and livelihood practices before and after displacement. This included the displaced flood victims that met this criterion, local leaders, government officials and local opinion leaders. The findings revealed that food and livelihood practices in Chingwizi had deteriorated over the five-year period under investigation. This was reflected in a diminution in livestock herds, crop production, income streams and average household monthly incomes. As a result, food insecurity was very high, and households were forced to rely more on donations. The displaced flood victims, however, adapted to the harsh conditions by engaging in a variety of livelihood alternatives, including food vending, buying and selling, craftwork, small livestock rearing, and migrating to neighbouring South Africa to seek employment opportunities. Nevertheless, efforts to rebuild food and livelihood practices were hampered by socio-political dynamics. This resulted in the loss of key livelihood assets, a situation aggravated by compensational injustice, contestations over land and resources by the host communities, dysfunctional social networks, and victims’ cultural ‘fixations’. The study concludes from these and other findings that achieving transformation in the form of adaptation, food security and sustainability following involuntary displacement and resettlement is more than just a question of resilience, and that displacement and resettlement are complex processes that create invidious dynamism for the stakeholders concerned. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Perceived impacts of Swartkop Nature Reserve on community livelihoods in Motherwell, Gqeberha

  • Authors: Pebane, Mpho Arnold
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Nature Reserve -- Gqeberha , Effect of pollution on
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58135 , vital:58589
  • Description: This study investigated the perceived impacts of Swartkop Nature Reserve on community livelihoods in Motherwell, Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The study was motivated by tons of litter and rubble due to neglect of the nature reserve by the community and the municipality. These problems have the potential to cause pollution and ecological degradation. The study was therefore pursued to understand the reasons behind the neglect of the nature reserve, determine how the community is involved in governance and management of the nature reserve and analyse their perceptions about the impact of Swartkop Nature Reserve on their livelihood and community development. The qualitative research methodology was utilised and primary data obtained through self-administered unstructured interviews with thirty-two participants. The participants of the study were from the community of Motherwell; particularly residents of wards 6, 7 and 9. These residents were chosen because of their proximity to the nature reserve and the fact that they are more affected than any other ward that is not as close to the nature reserve. The study found that lack of education and awareness, lack of collaboration between the community and municipality, lack of activism among residents, poor upbringing of some participants are some of the reasons that have contributed towards littering and illegal dumping. Furthermore, failure by the municipality to provide services to the community, especially in collecting refuse and provision of designated landfill, was another finding about what has contributed to the littering on the nature reserve. In terms of impact on livelihoods, the study revealed several activities such as farming, harvesting of medicinal plants, recreational activities, recycling and fishing which could enable the community benefit from the nature reserve. Based on the findings, the study recommends a redeclaration of Swartkop Nature Reserve to incorporate heritage and culture as predominant activities that should take place. Furthermore, it is recommended that the municipality should strive to halt the expansion of the informal settlement and illegal dumping of refuse and rubble in the nature reserve as these are major risks that threaten the biodiversity of the nature reserve. A partnership was proposed between the municipality and the community vi through its Community Trust and Ward-Based Cooperatives as consultative platforms. This partnership between the municipality and community should champion the conservation of the nature reserve which will include reserve management planning, fencing and security, law enforcement, rehabilitation, reintroduction of animals and socio-economic development to create employment and entrepreneurial opportunities for the community of Motherwell. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Potential suppressive effects of alien Acacia melanoxylon on Afrotemperate Forest tree recruitment

  • Authors: Miles, Bayleigh , Baard, Johan
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55391 , vital:51989
  • Description: Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. is a prominent alien and invasive species in many parts of the world and evidence exists of its adverse effects on indigenous forest community composition through allelopathy and alteration of light regimes. The species also occurs extensively in Southern Cape Afrotemperate Forest (South Africa) and is thought to suppress indigenous Afrotemperate Forest tree seedlings through various mechanisms such as the alteration of natural light regimes or allelopathy, although this has not been rigorously verified. This study aimed to investigate whether Acacia melanoxylon has a suppressive effect on Afrotemperate Forest tree recruitment. Firstly, we assessed the potential allelopathic effect of Acacia melanoxylon and an indigenous Afrotemperate Forest species Olea capensis macrocarpa (C.H.Wright) I.Verd. on the germination of Acacia melanoxylon and three prominent indigenous tree species’ seedlings in a nursery trial. Germination of the indigenous species failed; however, we were able to compare the germination of Acacia melanoxylon among the three treatments, namely Acacia melanoxylon leachate, Olea capensis leachate, and no leachate. The average germination of Acacia melanoxylon was 67% and germination was marginally higher under Acacia melanoxylon leachate and Olea capensis leachate, respectively, than under the control. This suggested that germination of the species is improved, or at the least, unaffected, by leachates of itself or that of a common indigenous canopy species. We then critically evaluated the germination requirements of the indigenous test species to determine probable reasons why their germination failed in our trial. The most plausible explanation for the germination failure could be that the trial period did not encompass an entire winter season and may not have provided adequate cold stratification. We concluded that the lack of sensitivity of Acacia melanoxylon to leachates of itself or a common indigenous overstorey species likely contribute to its success as an invasive species in Southern Cape Afrotemperate Forest. Secondly, we investigated, through field surveys, whether Acacia melanoxylon affects indigenous Afrotemperate Forest tree sapling composition and light regimes underneath its canopy. Using a paired plot design, we compared light intensity, tree sapling species richness, diversity, and density underneath 30 overstorey Acacia melanoxylon trees and 30 indigenous counterparts. We recorded 2506 indigenous tree saplings from 29 species in the 60 plots and found that there were no significant differences in richness, diversity, or v density of saplings underneath Acacia melanoxylon compared to that under indigenous counterparts. Light intensity did not differ significantly underneath Acacia melanoxylon and indigenous canopies, however light intensity varied significantly more underneath the canopies of Acacia melanoxylon. Canonical correspondence analysis of the abundance of sapling species confirmed that sapling composition was not largely determined by the overstorey species. We concluded that Acacia melanoxylon does not significantly alter indigenous tree species composition underneath its canopy at the typical densities (<3 trees per hectare) at which it occurred in the forests of the Garden Route National Park that we surveyed. Nevertheless, populations of Acacia melanoxylon in the forest interior still act as a source of propagules for invasion in forest margins, riparian areas, and neighbouring fynbos shrubland. These invasive attributes need to be considered in the management of the species in the region at large. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Reconciling the “Natural” and the “Artificial” in the making of Regenerative Ecosystems: The Design of a Port Operations Facility for the Buffalo River Harbour, East London

  • Authors: Nel, Joslin
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: built environment -- East London , Biotic communities -- Buffalo River Harbour -- East London
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59106 , vital:60264
  • Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate a reconciliation between natural systems and the artificial construction of our built environment within the scope of regenerative ecosystems through architectural intervention. The monolithic harbour front, sited specifically within the Buffalo River Harbour of East London, is examined as the ultimate artificial and immovable landscape which sets the challenge of creating a more dynamic architecture. This is due to the fact that the banks of the Buffalo river harbour have long been transformed by marine industry and urban influence, having a retardation effect on its ecological functioning. Through the programmatic response of a Port Operations Facility, marine infrastructural institutions such as Transnet are given a new role in terms of environmental custodianship. The notion of a “self-regulating system” is therefore central to the design strategy. This occurs through a scale-linking approach, where the design plays a crucial role in urban runoff and stormwater management within the greater infrastructural context of the city, in an effort to rectify present ecological imbalances. Environmental receptivity is also explored through architectural devices that are sensitive to the cyclical fluctuations of intertidal landscapes, as well as advocating decentralised waste and energy management. Through the creation of a “novel ecosystem”, an ecological counterpoint to the monofunctional infrastructural domain of our cities is proposed. This challenges conventional engineering and design processes and ideologies in favour of a more complex relationship between landscape and architecture. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2020
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Rethinking the informal settlements upgrading programmes in the Free State Province, South Africa: a transformative and multi-faceted model

  • Authors: Sive Dintsi
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Squatter settlements --South Africa -- Free State , City planning South Africa --Citizen participation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55987 , vital:54561
  • Description: This thesis intended to reveal the factors that contributed to the formulation of the informal settlements upgrading programmes in the Free State, South Africa, from an institutional perspective; subsequently to conceptualise a transformative and multi faceted model for the development and management of human settlements. The mixed methods exploratory research design has been applied in this study. This research design has allowed for the implementation of research methods including the qualitative inductive content analysis method, the case study method, and the semi structured survey questionnaire method. The data collection methods used comprised both primary and secondary data. Primary data involved online surveys and field observations. Secondary data comprised of an inductive analysis of written sources. The main findings of the study were as follows. First, the policy design and implementation processes have been misaligned. Second, there has been inadequate stakeholder engagements. Third, the government has not prioritised the employment of specialists in the field of housing and human settlements. Fourth, corruption has caused the state to fail to provide adequate housing for all. Fifth, municipalities are unable to identify and define existing informal settlements. Lastly, illegal immigration is causing a rapid increase in the number of informal settlements. This thesis proffered key recommendations based on the conclusions drawn from these findings. First, there must be an implementation of an integrated model for the preparation of upgrading policy. Second, communication technology education for officials of the state must be enhanced. Third, the government must prioritise the employment of experts in upgrading work. Fourth, the upgrading policy must reflect the paradigm shift from housing to human settlements. Fifth, municipalities need to be systematically transformed and improved for their functions on upgrading. Finally, illegal immigration must be firmly monitored while legal immigration is discouraged. To this end, this thesis has presented a strong viewpoint that limits the influx of immigrants into unproclaimed urban land that leads to the growth of informal settlements. The study has also strongly advocated for the legal spatial placement of South African citizens and legal immigrants on strategically and socio-economically viable land, where it is suitably available and owned by the state. Housing in the thesis has been viewed as one of the essential instruments that must inevitably emerge as a prospect towards xiv effectively unlocking improved living conditions in informal settlements; rather than housing being perceived as human settlements. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Information Technology, School of the Built Environment, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Rethinking the informal settlements upgrading programmes in the free state province, South Africa: a transformative and multi-faceted model

  • Authors: Dintsi, Sive
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Human settlements -- Free State , Squatter settlements
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58352 , vital:59002
  • Description: This thesis intended to reveal the factors that contributed to the formulation of the informal settlements upgrading programmes in the Free State, South Africa, from an institutional perspective; subsequently to conceptualise a transformative and multi-faceted model for the development and management of human settlements. The mixed methods exploratory research design has been applied in this study. This research design has allowed for the implementation of research methods including the qualitative inductive content analysis method, the case study method, and the semi-structured survey questionnaire method. The data collection methods used comprised both primary and secondary data. Primary data involved online surveys and field observations. Secondary data comprised of an inductive analysis of written sources. The main findings of the study were as follows. First, the policy design and implementation processes have been misaligned. Second, there has been inadequate stakeholder engagements. Third, the government has not prioritised the employment of specialists in the field of housing and human settlements. Fourth, corruption has caused the state to fail to provide adequate housing for all. Fifth, municipalities are unable to identify and define existing informal settlements. Lastly, illegal immigration is causing a rapid increase in the number of informal settlements. This thesis proffered key recommendations based on the conclusions drawn from these findings. First, there must be an implementation of an integrated model for the preparation of upgrading policy. Second, communication technology education for officials of the state must be enhanced. Third, the government must prioritise the employment of experts in upgrading work. Fourth, the upgrading policy must reflect the paradigm shift from housing to human settlements. Fifth, municipalities need to be systematically transformed and improved for their functions on upgrading. Finally, illegal immigration must be firmly monitored while legal immigration is discouraged. To this end, this thesis has presented a strong viewpoint that limits the influx of immigrants into unproclaimed urban land that leads to the growth of informal settlements. The study has also strongly advocated for the legal spatial placement of South African citizens and legal immigrants on strategically and socio-economically viable land, where it is suitably available and owned by the state. Housing in the thesis has been viewed as one of the essential instruments that must inevitably emerge as a prospect towards xiv effectively unlocking improved living conditions in informal settlements; rather than housing being perceived as human settlements. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Scenarios for South Africa’s ocean economy towards 2060

  • Authors: Hadi, Nomtha
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Sustainable development--South Africa , Economic development--South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57676 , vital:58195
  • Description: The ocean is becoming the new focal point in the discourse on growth and sustainable development, both at national and international levels. Scenario planning improves the quality of the strategic conversations that organisations need to have as a position in preparing for the future. In this research, scenarios for South Africa’s ocean economy towards 2060 were developed and explored by considering the six key ocean sectors as outlined in the Operations Phakisa Strategy, namely, Marine Transport and Manufacturing, Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration, Aquaculture, Small Harbours, Coastal and Marine Tourism, Marine Protection Services and Ocean Governance. The research process was guided by Inayatullah’s six pillars and linked methods towards scenario development. Existing studies do not take into consideration the various social, technological, economic, environmental, political, legislative and ethical factors influencing the growth of the ocean economy. With the ocean increasingly being considered a new economic frontier, sustainable development has become pertinent for supporting and facilitating continued economic growth areas without compromising on environmental, social, or economic factors. Sustainable development within the ocean economy is further supported by Goal 14 of the Sustainable Development Goals, which focuses on conservation and sustainable use of the ocean, sea and marine resources. A literature review was conducted to gain a better understanding of the ocean economy, and primary data was collected through a real-time Delphi platform and semi-structured interviews. The real-time Delphi collected information on the key megatrends that continue to shape the ocean economy and key drivers and wild cards that can affect the sustainability of the key ocean economy industries. In addition, semi-structured interviews collected information on the proposed scenarios and the capacity needed in growing and promoting a sustainable ocean economy for South Africa towards 2060. A scenario matrix was developed for South Africa’s ocean economy and four scenarios and their implications were analysed. The preferred scenario was a resilient ocean economy towards 2060. The study also took a step forward with a view to provide reference to stakeholders and governments in progressing towards a possible scenario and developed an integrated vision for a sustainable ocean economy for South Africa towards 2060. This proposed vision is to ABSTRACT v mitigate against future challenges, collaborate and proactively utilise the development opportunities offered by the ocean economy. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Seasonal changes of metals in the salt marsh and seagrass beds of the Swartkops Estuary

  • Authors: Nel, Marelé Annette
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Salt marshes--Effect of heavy metals on--South Africa--Swartkops River Estuary , Estuarine ecology --South Africa --Swartkops River Estuary
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55734 , vital:53411
  • Description: Estuaries are historically convenient places to build industries, as it was deemed a suitable place to dispose of large quantities of urban and industrial waste into the ocean. At the time it was judged to be appropriate, as rivers can transport and deposit waste into the ocean, which was considered so vast that it is insurmountable. Therefore, metal pollution in estuaries is a well-known occurrence. Coastal wetlands play an important role in the cycling of metals, and act as effective metal sinks. They provide an important ecosystem service acting as accumulators and phytostabilisers, which make toxic levels of the metals unavailable to the rest of the food chain. The overall aim of this study was to assess the metal pollution in the salt marsh (Salicornia tegetaria and Spartina maritima) and seagrass (Zostera capensis) of the heavily developed Swartkops Estuary. Assessing the metals in the estuary will provide information on effective environmental management strategies. Metal concentrations were measured in the rhizosediment of the three wetland plants, bare sediment, and in the tissues (leaves, shoots, and roots) of the selected plant species. Sampling occurred during one seasonal cycle (2019-2020), and in 5 sites along the middle and lower reaches of the estuary. Metal concentrations were not the highest closest to the point sources in the middle reaches, but the metals rather accumulated downstream in Site 3 (Tiger Bay launch site close to the WwTW) and Site 4 (Tippers’ Creek), which were depositional sites. Although these two sites generally displayed the highest metal concentrations, they also had the most seasonal fluctuations in their metal concentrations and sediment characteristics. Flushing events in spring/summer were likely the determining factor of these fluctuations. The mouth of the estuary (Site 5) consistently had much lower metal concentrations, with distinctly more sandy, low organic content sediment, due to marine-influenced flushing. Thus, spatial differences were distinct in the estuary, however seasonal differences did not play an important role in the metal concentrations, indicating that seasonal sampling was not as important as sampling in different sites. Assessing the metal concentrations in different rhizosediment gave important insights on intertidal accumulation and contrasted with the unvegetated (bare) sediment. The metals generally accumulated more, higher up the intertidal range, due to less frequent tidal inundation and flushing — so that metal accumulated in the vegetation in the following order: Z. capensis > S. maritima > S. tegetaria. Moreover, unvegetated (bare sediment) showed much lower metal concentrations compared to the rhizosediment, indicating that the vegetation trapped small particles, and changes the physical environment to concentrate metals in their rhizosphere. Lastly, the plant species all displayed good accumulation of metals in their roots, while Z. capensis also showed remarkable uptake to its leaves. The study identified S. maritima and S. tegetaria as good phytostabilisers, particularly the latter with its vi high metal stocks and slow root turnover rate. The compartmentalization in these plants were unique to each species, corroborating previous assessments that compartmentalization cannot be compared between similar life forms and genera. These results contribute to local and international research on biogeochemistry in wetlands, and assessment of pollution in developed estuaries. Of note is Z. capensis, an endemic Southern African species, which has not been analysed for compartmentalization of metals before. All three of the studied species have potential as metal accumulators, and therefore a sink of metals. They localize the metals, limiting bioaccumulation to the rest of the food chain, which reduces the ecotoxic effect of metals in the environment. Higher accumulation in vegetated (rhizosediment) over bare sediment, make these habitats valuable metal sinks. This increases their importance in estuaries receiving high pollution loads, and they should be prioritized in conservation efforts. Two sites within the Swartkops Estuary, Tippers’ Creek (Site 4) and the Launch Site (Site 3), are potential sites for long-term monitoring due their capacity to trap and accumulate metals. The results of this study will inform local management on the state of metals in the Swartkops Estuary, providing crucial information on the importance of preserving local wetlands for the purpose of regulating toxic levels of metals in the ecosystem. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Botany, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Smart catchment management and application in the Swartkops River and Estuary

  • Authors: Mmachaka,Thandi Nthabiseng
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Estuarine ecology--South Africa--Swartkops River Estuary
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55932 , vital:54401
  • Description: The influence of urbanization and industrialization on natural resources results in complex water resource management. In South Africa, there has been escalating rural-urban migration, a growing population in urban areas, and the mushrooming of informal settlements in cities over the last five decades. In the pursuit of protecting water resources, these contextual realities create a significant challenge to policymakers, planners, and implementers. Due to rapid population growth, climate change, recent droughts, and growing competition among agricultural, industrial, commercial, environmental, and domestic sectors, water resources are presently under severe stress in South Africa. This situation necessitates the effective management of water resources. This study completed a situational assessment for the Swartkops Catchment to examine the extent of pollution, mapped sources of pollution, investigated water quality governance and identified hot spot areas to provide the foundation for effective and efficient catchment management. To determine the current water quality status of the Swartkops Catchment, this current study investigated spatial and temporal variation in physico-chemical parameters, nutrients, and faecal bacteria. This study applied a mixed-method research design using semi-structured interviews and focus groups discussions as data collection methods to investigate the water quality governance of the Swartkops Catchment. Following the situational assessment of the Swartkops Catchment, the effectiveness of applying innovative smart catchment practices to improve water quality was investigated. The word smart in this context refers to innovative mechanisms that will ensure effective and efficient water resources management. The PHP scripting language (Hypertext Preprocessor), Android studio, Wampserver, and JavaScript were used to develop the Water Use Screening System (WUSS) and Pollution Incident Reporting System (PRS). In South Africa, stormwater infrastructure suffers from unsustainable utilization. Stormwater systems discharge into many of the country‘s rivers and estuaries, including Swartkops, leading to water quality degradation. To improve the Recommended Ecological Category (REC) of the Swartkops Estuary to Category C, drivers that contribute to poor water quality must be understood to inform appropriate management interventions. Results from sampling in Markman Canal were compared with historical water quality data. The present study showed that the Markman Canal contributed faecal bacteria, nutrients, and trace metals to the Swartkops Estuary. The Markman Canal was the greatest source of trace metals to the Swartkops Estuary compared to the other point sources entering the estuary. The results show that arsenic and mercury levels in the Markman Canal and the Swartkops Estuary were higher than that previously measured. Iron and copper concentrations were higher in the Markman Canal whereas only copper increased in the Swartkops Estuary. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

The application of the prescription act in labour disputes

  • Authors: Mncanca, Siyamthanda
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55498 , vital:52375
  • Description: It is inevitable that in an employment relationship grievances and conflicts may emerge.1 This is attested to by the large volume of 193 732 disputes that were referred to the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) during the 2018/19 financial year.2 In the event where an employee is dismissed from work and he decides to challenge the dismissal, section 191 of the Labour Relations Act (LRA) grants the employee a right to refer the matter to the CCMA for conciliation or arbitration.3 The purpose of referring the disputes to the CCMA is to support an establishment of a voluntary, free of charge and expeditious mechanisms for labour disputes settlement and allow parties to resolve their disputes through a consensus based process before taking the route of a court process.4 There are time frames that are provided for the referral of disputes to the CCMA. Section 191 determines these time frames by stating that an employee must refer their alleged unfair dismissal to the CCMA within 30 days or 90 days when a dispute relates to an unfair labour practice in accordance with section 191(1)(b)(ii) of the LRA.5 The rationale behind these time frames was outlined in the Constitutional Court (CC) judgement of Toyota SA Motors (Pty) Ltd v CCMA,6 as a means to bring about the expeditious resolution of labour disputes which by their nature, require speedy resolution. , Thesis (L.L.M.) -- Faculty of Law, Mercantile Law, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

The criminal liability of health care practitioners for culpable homicide

  • Authors: Dweba, Asavela
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55511 , vital:52594
  • Description: South African health societies and associations have allied to call for reform in the criminal law system involving the prosecution of health care practitioners, specifically on charges of culpable homicide. Warranted by the spate of criminal prosecutions against healthcare practitioners and the need for reform, this treatise investigates the criminal liability of healthcare practitioners for culpable homicide. Overall, this study aims to determine the recognition of criminal liability of healthcare practitioners, requirements for culpability, the level of negligence that constitutes culpable homicide, and whether the South African law can adjust the threshold for criminal liability in culpable homicide. An analysis of the consequences of legal literature concerning the offence of culpable homicide and medical negligence is provided. In addition, this study examines pertinent case law to devise a strategy for law reform in South Africa and the development of common law. The study includes a comparative study of foreign jurisdictions to incorporate the position in England, Scotland, New Zealand, India, and Canada from which South Africa can adopt some principles within the South African context. The analysis revealed that South Africa has a low threshold in the form of ordinary negligence required to establish criminal liability in cases of culpable homicide while a higher threshold is required for the selected foreign jurisdictions. Furthermore, this treatise contends that the current South African criminal justice regime is lacking in identifying the ideal degree of fault required for criminal conduct. Thus, reform of South Africa’s approach in dealing with healthcare practitioners suspected/ accused of causing the death of patients under medical care is necessary. This study recommends that the South African criminal law justice system should be developed by way of legislative intervention in which ‘gross negligence or recklessness’ will serve as a measure to criminalise the conduct of healthcare practitioners. This study acknowledges the noble role played by healthcare practitioners in the society and notes that medicine is not an exact science. Therefore, this treatise does not advocate a mandatory exoneration of criminal liability of healthcare practitioners. Rather, for a fair and evidence-based prosecution of reckless medical practices. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

The foraging ecology of female Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) in South Africa

  • Authors: Botha, Jonathan Aubrey , Kirkman, Stephen , Lombard, Amanda
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Seals (Animals)--Habitat—Conservation , Marine ecology—South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55965 , vital:54559
  • Description: The marine environment is spatially and temporally dynamic and many marine ecosystems are experiencing impacts of broad-scale climate change. Within these ecosystems, marine predators play a crucial role in ecosystem function through their top-down influences on prey populations. These predators may also respond to bottom-up influences and changes at lower trophic levels. A thorough understanding of marine predator foraging ecology is thus important to improve our understanding of ecosystem function, inform conservation and management measures, and to predict the response of predators to future environmental change. The Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) comprises a major proportion of the southern African marine predator biomass. However, little is known about the foraging distribution and behaviour of the species, despite its obvious importance within the ecosystem and increasing concerns regarding seal-fisheries conflict. Using a variety of technologies, including, GPS and satellite-linked tags, dive behaviour recorders, accelerometers and stable isotope analysis, this thesis investigated the foraging ecology of female Cape fur seals breeding on the coast of South Africa. First, to identify important foraging areas and assess the influence of geographic, temporal and environmental factors on these areas, lactating females from three breeding colonies were fitted with GPS or Argos-linked tracking devices, while individuals from two of these colonies were also fitted with dive behaviour recorders. Results revealed geographic differences in the foraging distributions and ranges of individuals between breeding colonies, which likely reflects a combined influence of ecological setting and density dependant competition. In addition, dive behaviour recorders revealed the occurrence of benthic foraging at both sites where they were deployed, and the dominance of this strategy in some individuals. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

The Impact of Institutional Quality on the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Growth: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa

  • Authors: Moyo, Cecily
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Fiscal policy , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Economic development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57947 , vital:58433
  • Description: Over the last few decades since the independence of most African countries, which coincided with that of Asia, the economic growth between the two continents has not been the same. As an example, in the year 1965, exports and incomes per capita were much higher in Ghana compared to Korea and it was anticipated that this trend would continue into the future. But these projections were shown to be way off the mark as Koreas’ exports per capita overtook Ghana’s in 1972, and its income level surpassed Ghana’s four years later. Between 1965 and 1995 Korea’s exports increased by 400 times in current dollars. Meanwhile, Ghana’s increased only by 4 times, and real earnings per capita fell to a fraction of their earlier value (World Bank, 2000). This raises questions regarding the tools available for use in the pursuit of economic growth. This study then attempts to examine the role of institutional quality in moderating the impacts of fiscal policy on economic growth in sub-Saharan African economies. Objectives of the study firstly included the investigation of the effect of fiscal policy on economic growth, it then explored the effect of institutional quality on economic growth which was then followed by the analysis of whether the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth is dependent on institutional quality. This dissertation employs the Generalised Method of Moments to analyse the effect of fiscal policy on economic growth given institutional quality for sub-Saharan African countries for the period from 1996 to 2018. The findings show that the conduct of fiscal policy under improved institutional quality positively and significantly improve sub-Saharan African countries output. SSA countries should strengthen independent institutional bodies that prosecute economic crimes through employing participatory and transparent decision-making processes. Citizens should have freedom of association, expression and a free media. Also, African countries should support African agendas that are aligning with global development agenda. Sub-Saharan African countries should strengthen institutions that widen democratic space, civil liberty and the participation of citizen in the development agenda of a country. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic sciences, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

The impact of leadership styles used by college heads on the functioning of TVET colleges in Limpopo

  • Authors: Peter, Bandile
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Management -- College heads , Decision-making -- post-secondary Education -- Limpopo
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , Thesis
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56091 , vital:55321
  • Description: This study sought to examine the impact of leadership styles used by college heads on the functioning of TVET colleges in Limpopo. The purpose of the study was to better understand the prevailing path-goal leadership styles among college heads, the development and communication of college’s goals, vision and mission, involvement of lecturers and students in decision-making processes, motivation of students and lecturers, and continuous monitoring in the TVET colleges. The key research question that this study was based on was: What is the impact of the leadership styles used by college heads on the functioning of Limpopo TVET colleges? A mixed methods approach was adopted with questionnaires, interviews, observations and document review as a means of data collection. College heads (campus managers and HODs), lecturers and students were participants in this study. The participants were purposefully selected in three of the seven TVET colleges in the Limpopo Province. The findings indicated that all the four path-goal leadership styles were prevalent in the college heads. However, there was poor communication of the colleges’ goals, vision and mission. The study further found that lecturers and students were not on many occasions involved in the decision-making processes. Poor monitoring by college heads was also discovered by the study. Moreover, the study uncovered that lecturers and students were not properly rewarded for good performance. The subsequent recommendations include, among others, that as in-service training, DHET should provide the opportunity for college heads to take guided leadership courses that promote path-goal leadership styles. DHET should also provide college heads with the opportunity to study and enhance their qualifications in the areas of educational management and leadership. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

The regulation of renewable energy in South Africa

  • Authors: Van Huyssteen, Cornelis Roelof , Adelman, Sam
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: International law and human rights , Climatic changes -- Social aspects --South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56382 , vital:56617
  • Description: As a developing country, South Africa’s demand for electricity is accelerating in order to facilitate economic growth and provide the necessary basic services to its people. Historically, the South African government has primarily opted to cater for the country’s electricity needs by means of coal as an affordable fossil fuel-based energy source. However, amidst the world’s changing climate and the plummeting costs of renewable energy technologies, there is increasing global pressure to phase out the use of fossil fuels as the key contributor to anthropogenic climate change and to move towards renewables as the world’s main source of energy. The primary problem highlighted in this thesis is the fact that South Africa’s energy laws have been developed to accommodate fossil fuels as the main source of energy, effectively neglecting the need to incorporate provisions that support and regulate the renewable energy sector. The thesis argues for the need for South Africa to transition away from fossil-fuel and nuclear based energy solutions based on the potential of renewables not only to improve energy security, but also to contribute towards social, economic, and environmental development. However, the transition to renewables and the realisation of its associated benefits will only be realised by means of a regulatory framework dedicated to the development of the renewable energy sector. The researcher argues that, in their current form, South African laws and policies limits the growth of the renewable energy sector. In order to propose reform and to develop the law to support renewable energy sufficiently, the thesis explores international law as well as global best practice in the United Kingdom and Germany related to renewable energy regulation. The comparative analysis allows the researcher to make recommendations to inform the development of South Africa’s renewable energy legal framework. It is argued that, given South Africa’s status as a developing country, such reform must be based upon the fundamental principles of climate change mitigation and social development. Ultimately, it is submitted that, a law dedicated to renewable energy can, and must, play an imperative role in realising the concept of sustainable development in South Africa. , Thesis (LLD) -- Faculty of Law , School of Public Law, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

Zooplankton dynamics of Algoa Bay (South Africa) under varying oceanographic conditions

  • Authors: Bizani,Mfundo
  • Date: 2022-04
  • Subjects: Marine zooplankton -- South Africa , Climate changes
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55943 , vital:54554
  • Description: the ecological significance of ocean plankton in terms of nutrient cycling and energy transfer is widely recognised, as is their mechanistic link with both oceanographic processes and climate. Consequently, plankton are widely regarded as sentinels of climate change, principally owing to their responsiveness to changing environmental conditions. Developing an understanding of the ecological as well as socio-economic consequences associated with changes in marine plankton dynamics has emerged as a key issue worldwide. Though many exciting advances in this respect have been attained with the aid of long-term plankton time series (>50 y), global environmental datasets and innovative meta-analyses, building deep knowledge of regional bio-physical dynamics and responses to specific perturbed states remains an essential component of the collective effort. Algoa Bay, situated on the warmtemperate south-east coast of South Africa presents a unique opportunity to study key elements of plankton ecology relevant to climate change problems in the regional sense. The embayment is locally subjected to frequent wind-driven upwelling and regionally, to periodic mesoscale oceanographic forcing (e.g., large solitary meanders, Agulhas Current intrusions), all of which culminate in a complex physical and biogeochemical environment. Using zooplankton as the focal component and drawing from a multi-year monthly dataset incorporating a bay-scale sampling framework, the present study addressed three key hypotheses pertaining to 1) drivers of spatio-temporal variability, 2) biomass rate of change over temporal scales using time-series analyses, and 3) community responses to a bay-scale biological perturbation event. Zooplankton biomass exhibited prominent seasonal patterns with bimodal peaks corresponding with near-consistent year-to-year autumn and spring blooms. Overall, the spatial trend showed no heterogeneity, though statistical significance between-station variability was noted per season. An analytical framework involving generalised additive models revealed zooplankton spatial heterogeneity in Algoa Bay to be a function of seasonal variation in a suite of physicochemical variables, including the combined effects of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and silicate, but not ammonium, phosphate or chlorophyll-a (as proxy for phytoplankton). Fronts (including river plumes), warm water intrusion from the Agulhas Current, and wind-driven upwelling were postulated to be key driving forces. Structural breaks analysis performed on station-specific time series revealed significant incremental increases in zooplankton biomass over time, which in turn, corresponded with a gradual decrease in thermocline depth. The most pronounced increasing effect was associated with a period (2013– 14) of amplified land-derived nutrient input and increasing harmful algal bloom (HAB) activity. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-04

An analysis of the internship programme in the Sarah Baartman Health District of the Eastern Cape: a model for effective implementation

  • Authors: Feni, Monde Ludick
  • Date: 2022-03
  • Subjects: Internship programs , Public service employment , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23359 , vital:57617
  • Description: The study’s main purpose was to evaluate the processes for Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District of the Eastern Cape Department of Health, to determine a Model that can be postulated for improving the Internship Programme Implementation in the Sarah Baartman Health District, wide Public Service and Private Sector. An empirical Study reveals the process for the Internship Programme Implementation has been marred with a significant number of challenges. As part of the recommendations, it was highly stressed that the Sarah Baartman Health District must adopt and embrace the Internship Programme Implementation Model in Figure 6.1 to effectively implement the Internship Programme as a means to deal with the challenges. Data was collected by the investigator from four main groups within the Sarah Baartman Health District. These were Senior Managers, Corporate Services Managers, Mentors, current and past interns. All these groups were directly involved in the internships in the Sarah Baartman Health District Health Department. The investigator got accurate and verified reflections, experiences and understandings of four constructs surrounding the internship programme and they include recruitment and employment of Interns using Best Practices, Training and Development Programmes for Interns Training, Performance Management and Development System for Interns and Mentoring as a Tool to Transfer Knowledge, Skills, Competencies and Attitudes required to Perform Optimally. During interviews, the researcher requested permission from the participants to record their responses digitally. This was done to make sure that no data was lost during the writing of responses from the participants. The questionnaires that were distributed to the interns and mentors had closed-ended questions, but the validity of the questionnaire was ensured by having a space for comments under each question to allow participants to support their answers. An analysis of the questionnaire was done by employing Microsoft Excel and statistics that are descriptive and inferential. The study findings revealed that the recruitment and employment of interns using best practices had a mean score above the required mean of 3, meaning that it is applied acceptably. As much as the construct is acceptable and meets the standard, the item in the construct that pertained to security checks for interns was not done and this is a worrying factor, meaning that the recruitment and employment of interns might be at risk of bringing in interns into the programme who are risky for the organisation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
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  • Date Issued: 2022-03
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