Disaster risk management issues in WASH in South Africa: an examination of selected challenges and development of possible solutions
- Authors: Madikizela, Phindile
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431520 , vital:72782
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Preliminary study on the potential use of Fly Ash as a Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine Additive:
- Authors: Collings, Dylan , Tandlich, Roman , Dube, Cyril S , Madikizela, Phindile , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P , Ahmed, Mustaque
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160334 , vital:40436 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.5276/JSWTM/2019.395
- Description: This study describes the results of a series of laboratory experiments on aimed at developing of a protocol for the use of fly ash as a pit additive in the ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) in South Africa. Model VIP vaults were prepared in the laboratory and filled with synthetic faecal sludge; and dosed with fly ash in amounts ranging from 5 to 20 % (w/w).
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- Date Issued: 2020
Challenges and curriculum transformation in the higher education sector in South Africa: a case study in WASH to improve the training of pharmacists
- Authors: Tandlich, Roman , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P , Boshoff, Aileen , Madikizela, Phindile , Srinivas, Sunitha C , Pyle, Desmond M , Oosthuizen, Rene
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76858 , vital:30631 , https://doi.org/10.2478/atd-2018-0001
- Description: South Africa is a member state of the “BRICS” bloc (BRICS2017.org, 2017) and the G20 group of the 20 nations/economic blocs, which between them account for the majority of the world’s trade and economic activity. It faces many developmental challenges which are mirrored in its higher education sector. In this article, the authors seek to provide an overview of the challenges that South African higher education faces in the achievement of the developmental goals of the country. The focus of this paper is a case study in WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) to improve context-specific responses that trains pharmacists on knowledge and skills.
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- Date Issued: 2018
The applicability of anaerobically digested pasteurized pit latrine faecal sludge as a fertilizer to grow radish and garden cress
- Authors: Madikizela, Phindile
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sewage sludge as fertilizer , Sewage sludge digestion , Sewage Purification Anaerobic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59235 , vital:27487
- Description: Pit latrine faecal sludge was recovered from numerous pit latrines in Hlalani Township, Grahamstown, South Africa. This material was used to prepare a fertilizer to demonstrate the value that could be captured from faecal sludge. Further anaerobic digestion, together with a co-feed demonstrated the potential of faecal sludge to produce low cost fertilizer that could be used to grow food crops. Biogas recovered from the anaerobic digester could be used to pasteurize its effluent, although effective biogas recovery and storage needs to be further addressed. Investigating the microbial community of the different depths of the pit latrine through molecular techniques showed that the fermenting bacteria family Clostridiaceae was the most commonly identified family throughout the different depths of the pit latrine, and that the microbial community within pit latrines was very diverse with bacterial families that are involved in nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and iron and sulphate reduction. Additionally, most of the bacterial families that dominated the seven studied pit latrines had members that were known human pathogens (Mycobacteriaceae, Dermatophilaceae Peptostreptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Leptospiraceae, Listeriaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae and Brucellaceae). Effluent from a wastewater treatment works was selected as a co-feed to augment biogas production. The most successful faecal sludge and co-feed combination was shown to be the one made up of 33% and 66% pit latrine faecal sludge. 180 L of this effluent mixture generated 285 L of biogas over 45 days of anaerobic digestion (29±2°C). However, the recovered quantities were insufficient for pasteurization as 650 L of biogas was required to pasteurize 300 g of faecal sludge for 1 hour at 70±2°C. Therefore, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) was used as an alternative heating energy source. Anaerobic digestion and pasteurization rendered the faecal sludge safe for application as a fertilizer as the quality of the faecal sludge after treatment by anaerobic digestion and pasteurization was within the microbiological (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Enterococcus faecium and helminth eggs) and trace element restrictions (Pb, Ni, Cr, Mo, As, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd and Hg) of sludge application in agriculture as stipulated by the WHO and the South African Guidelines for Sludge Use in Agriculture. Radish (Raphanus sativus spp) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) were cultivated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the anaerobically digested and pasteurized pit latrine faecal sludge as a fertilizer. Diluting the fertilizer prepared from faecal sludge did not reduce its efficacy and was comparable to the synthetic fertilizer used as a control in the growth trials in terms of the plant fresh weight, dry weight and plant height. Finally, the exposure to the current state of pit latrines in Hlalani Township provided an incentive to develop a new tool to address sanitation service delivery skill shortage (artisans, plant operation and maintenance workers, and sanitation and hygiene facilitators) through the use of volunteers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2017
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- Date Issued: 2017
Disaster management policy options to address the sanitation challenges in South Africa
- Authors: Hoossein, Shafick , Tandlich, Roman , Whittington-Jones, Kevin J , Laubscher, Richard K , Madikizela, Phindile , Zuma, Bongumusa M
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75938 , vital:30485 , https://www.neha.org/node/28591
- Description: The current population of South Africa has been migrating into informal urban settlements that lack adequate sanitation service delivery, caused at least in part by the lack of the necessary skills in the local government sector and the lack of buy in from the community into the provided sanitation facilities. The authors report results of policy research into the relevant disaster management options that could be applied to improve the sanitation service delivery in South Africa. The best policy option was identified as the draft Disaster Management Regulations: Disaster Management. Local government can use these tools through the formation of the volunteer units from the nongovernmental organization sector, the business community, and from among the end users of sanitation facilities. Formation of the volunteer unit should follow the principles of cooperative governance and participatory approach to disaster management. Implementation should be facilitated through the adoption of locally specific municipal by laws.
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- Date Issued: 2016