Bwelela
- Banda, Robison, Nyanja men, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Banda, Robison , Nyanja men , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/282938 , vital:55890 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1469-XYZ4914
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Banda, Robison , Nyanja men , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/282938 , vital:55890 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1469-XYZ4914
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Title not specified
- Nangwale, Robison, Chikomba, Jere, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/280993 , vital:55681 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1328-XYZ4786
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/280993 , vital:55681 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1328-XYZ4786
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Akozi
- Nangwale, Robison, Chikomba, Jere, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/280979 , vital:55679 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1326-XYZ4784
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/280979 , vital:55679 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1326-XYZ4784
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Ndiribe Mwai
- Nangwale, Robison, Chikomba, Jere, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mz
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279681 , vital:55527 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1278-XYZ4737
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mz
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/279681 , vital:55527 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1278-XYZ4737
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Ndiribe mwai
- Robison Nanjwale, Jere Chikomba, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Robison Nanjwale , Jere Chikomba , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/315640 , vital:59737 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2732-XYZ6266
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Robison Nanjwale , Jere Chikomba , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi Lilongwe f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/315640 , vital:59737 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2732-XYZ6266
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Nde mulendo mziko muno
- Robison Nangwale, Jere Chikomba, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Robison Nangwale , Jere Chikomba , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Yao
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/314754 , vital:59634 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2709-XYZ6267
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Robison Nangwale , Jere Chikomba , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Yao
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/314754 , vital:59634 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP2709-XYZ6267
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Mu chipatela ndina gona ndeka
- Nangwale, Robison, Chikomba, Jere, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/280970 , vital:55678 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1325-XYZ4783
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/280970 , vital:55678 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1325-XYZ4783
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Amacila kuwowa (a); Kwathu ntele (b
- Banda, Robison, Nyanja men, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Banda, Robison , Nyanja men , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/282952 , vital:55891 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1470-XYZ4915
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Banda, Robison , Nyanja men , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/282952 , vital:55891 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1470-XYZ4915
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Napeza Sub Yokonweretsa
- Nangwale, Robison, Chikomba, Jere, Composer not specified, Tracey, Hugh
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/280988 , vital:55680 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1327-XYZ4785
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Nangwale, Robison , Chikomba, Jere , Composer not specified , Tracey, Hugh
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Folk Music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Malawi City not specified f-mw
- Language: Nyanja
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/280988 , vital:55680 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , Hugh Tracey Commercial Records, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa , TP1327-XYZ4785
- Description: Indigenous music
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
The impact of employee engagement on the business success of Johnson controls Uitenhage
- Authors: Muller, Roger Joseph
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Employee motivation -- South Africa , Organizational commitment -- South Africa , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa , Employee loyalty -- South Africa , Success in business -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8681 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1137 , Employee motivation -- South Africa , Organizational commitment -- South Africa , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa , Employee loyalty -- South Africa , Success in business -- South Africa
- Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences, outcomes and degree of employee engagement, as it relates to business success of Johnson Controls. The research was conducted by questionnaire using a sample of 120 employees of Johnson Controls Uitenhage Plant. The sample represents 45 percent of the total population of 267 employees. The study discusses certain key influences of engagement - the degree to which employees are engaged and the resultant outcomes of employee engagement. The result of the study proves that communication, leadership behaviours, policies, practices, recognition and rewards are real factors influencing engagement. The study also validated that productivity, safety, customer satisfaction, employee retention and quality are outcomes of engagement. A strong relationship was found to exist between employee engagement and business success. The study also found that a strong relationship exist between leadership behaviours, policies and procedures, and recognition and rewards. Communication was found to have no relationship with employee engagement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Muller, Roger Joseph
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Employee motivation -- South Africa , Organizational commitment -- South Africa , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa , Employee loyalty -- South Africa , Success in business -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8681 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1137 , Employee motivation -- South Africa , Organizational commitment -- South Africa , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa , Employee loyalty -- South Africa , Success in business -- South Africa
- Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences, outcomes and degree of employee engagement, as it relates to business success of Johnson Controls. The research was conducted by questionnaire using a sample of 120 employees of Johnson Controls Uitenhage Plant. The sample represents 45 percent of the total population of 267 employees. The study discusses certain key influences of engagement - the degree to which employees are engaged and the resultant outcomes of employee engagement. The result of the study proves that communication, leadership behaviours, policies, practices, recognition and rewards are real factors influencing engagement. The study also validated that productivity, safety, customer satisfaction, employee retention and quality are outcomes of engagement. A strong relationship was found to exist between employee engagement and business success. The study also found that a strong relationship exist between leadership behaviours, policies and procedures, and recognition and rewards. Communication was found to have no relationship with employee engagement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Derivation of quantitative management objectives for annual instream water temperatures in the Sabie River using a biological index
- Rivers-Moore, N A, Jewitt, G P W, Weeks, D C
- Authors: Rivers-Moore, N A , Jewitt, G P W , Weeks, D C
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7093 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012426
- Description: Adaptive management of river systems assumes uncertainty and makes provision for system variability. Inherent within this management approach is that perceived limits of 'acceptable' system variability are regarded not only as testable hypotheses, but also as playing a central role in maintaining biodiversity. While the Kruger National Park currently functions as a flagship conservation area in South Africa, projected increases in air temperatures as a consequence of global climate change present challenges in conserving this biodiversity inside the established land boundaries. Within the rivers of the Kruger National Park, a management goal of maintaining biodiversity requires a clearer understanding of system variability. One component of this is water temperature, an important water quality parameter defining the distribution patterns of aquatic organisms. In this study, Chiloglanis anoterus Crass (1960) (Pisces: Mochokidae) was selected as a biological indicator of changes in annual water temperatures within the Sabie River in the southern Kruger National Park. Relative abundances of C. anoterus were determined using standard electro-fishing surveys. The presence or absence of C. anoterus was linked to cumulative annual heat units using a logistic regression model, and a critical annual cumulative water temperature threshold estimated. A correlative relationship between this temperature threshold and a biological index using a C. anoterus condition factor provides river ecologists with a tool to assess ecologically significant warming trends in Sabie River water temperatures. A similar approach could be applied with relative ease to other Southern African river systems. Further testing of this hypothesis is suggested, as part of the adaptive management cycle.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Rivers-Moore, N A , Jewitt, G P W , Weeks, D C
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7093 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012426
- Description: Adaptive management of river systems assumes uncertainty and makes provision for system variability. Inherent within this management approach is that perceived limits of 'acceptable' system variability are regarded not only as testable hypotheses, but also as playing a central role in maintaining biodiversity. While the Kruger National Park currently functions as a flagship conservation area in South Africa, projected increases in air temperatures as a consequence of global climate change present challenges in conserving this biodiversity inside the established land boundaries. Within the rivers of the Kruger National Park, a management goal of maintaining biodiversity requires a clearer understanding of system variability. One component of this is water temperature, an important water quality parameter defining the distribution patterns of aquatic organisms. In this study, Chiloglanis anoterus Crass (1960) (Pisces: Mochokidae) was selected as a biological indicator of changes in annual water temperatures within the Sabie River in the southern Kruger National Park. Relative abundances of C. anoterus were determined using standard electro-fishing surveys. The presence or absence of C. anoterus was linked to cumulative annual heat units using a logistic regression model, and a critical annual cumulative water temperature threshold estimated. A correlative relationship between this temperature threshold and a biological index using a C. anoterus condition factor provides river ecologists with a tool to assess ecologically significant warming trends in Sabie River water temperatures. A similar approach could be applied with relative ease to other Southern African river systems. Further testing of this hypothesis is suggested, as part of the adaptive management cycle.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Adreno-active substances and the pineal gland
- Authors: Midlane, Graham Wallace
- Date: 1979
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3738 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001530
- Description: The pineal gland, a biochemically very active neuroendocrine transducer which is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, was used in vivo to evaluate the effect of different þ-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on pineal enzyme levels. Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), an enzyme with a circadian activity and unknown control was not significantly affected by these drugs. The activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase, another pineal enzyme with a greater amplitude of circadian rhythmicity and which is under noradrenergic neural control, the degree of blockade depending on the selectivity and affinity of the agent used. An attempt was also made to alter the oestrous cycle of the rat by dosing with þ-active substances. Only propranolol had any effect on the oestrous cycle. It was not possible to establish an absolute link between the alteration in pineal enzyme activity and an influence on the oestrous cycle. It was concluded that the pineal enzyme studies are useful pharmacological means for evaluating þ-active substances
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Midlane, Graham Wallace
- Date: 1979
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3738 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001530
- Description: The pineal gland, a biochemically very active neuroendocrine transducer which is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, was used in vivo to evaluate the effect of different þ-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on pineal enzyme levels. Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), an enzyme with a circadian activity and unknown control was not significantly affected by these drugs. The activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase, another pineal enzyme with a greater amplitude of circadian rhythmicity and which is under noradrenergic neural control, the degree of blockade depending on the selectivity and affinity of the agent used. An attempt was also made to alter the oestrous cycle of the rat by dosing with þ-active substances. Only propranolol had any effect on the oestrous cycle. It was not possible to establish an absolute link between the alteration in pineal enzyme activity and an influence on the oestrous cycle. It was concluded that the pineal enzyme studies are useful pharmacological means for evaluating þ-active substances
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
A critical investigation of the effectiveness of warm-ups as technical exercises for the improvement of choral tone : a case study of the Eastern Cape Children's Choir
- Authors: Van Zyl, Lionel
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Choral singing Studies and exercises , Choral singing -- Instruction and study , Music rehearsals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:8513 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/634 , Choral singing Studies and exercises , Choral singing -- Instruction and study , Music rehearsals
- Description: This is a research project based on the author’s experience of more than 20 years as conductor of the Eastern Cape Childrens Choir. It investigates the effectiveness of technical exercises - with special reference to selected “warm-up” exercises - in creating a superior choral tone in the children’s choir. The investigation is motivated by the fact that it is an ongoing challenge to effectively overcome problems with intonation and poor choral tone, problems which are mostly caused by lack of attention to pure vowel formation. Toward this end, a practical “tool box” of vocal exercises for the children’s choir is ultimately proposed. The toolbox is based on one single exercise with different variations. Each variation is designed to address multiple vocal needs and to correct vocal production during singing. In this manner a great many technical aspects are covered with the simplest of means and in the shortest possible time, bearing in mind that the rehearsal session allows limited time to focus on such matters to the exclusion of all else.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Van Zyl, Lionel
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Choral singing Studies and exercises , Choral singing -- Instruction and study , Music rehearsals
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:8513 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/634 , Choral singing Studies and exercises , Choral singing -- Instruction and study , Music rehearsals
- Description: This is a research project based on the author’s experience of more than 20 years as conductor of the Eastern Cape Childrens Choir. It investigates the effectiveness of technical exercises - with special reference to selected “warm-up” exercises - in creating a superior choral tone in the children’s choir. The investigation is motivated by the fact that it is an ongoing challenge to effectively overcome problems with intonation and poor choral tone, problems which are mostly caused by lack of attention to pure vowel formation. Toward this end, a practical “tool box” of vocal exercises for the children’s choir is ultimately proposed. The toolbox is based on one single exercise with different variations. Each variation is designed to address multiple vocal needs and to correct vocal production during singing. In this manner a great many technical aspects are covered with the simplest of means and in the shortest possible time, bearing in mind that the rehearsal session allows limited time to focus on such matters to the exclusion of all else.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Evaluation of broiler performance under small-scale and semi-commercial farming conditions in the Northern Province
- Authors: Nembilwi, Daniel
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agricultural Management)
- Identifier: vital:10964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/92 , Broilers (Chickens)
- Description: Introduction: In the Northern region of the Northern Province, there is an increase in the number of small-scale and semi-commercial farms in all sectors of agriculture. This includes the production of grains, vegetables, fruits and livestock. Broiler production seemed to be a much-preferred alternative of development in community based projects and emerging farmers have shown keen interest. This is because broiler production requires less space than ruminants and is ready for human consumption within a very short period of time. Poultry production provides a constant source of income and protein with a big customer demand. By the year 2000, broiler production is expected to reach 4000 million and 7.5 million tons of poultry feeds in the world. Many countries have initiated programs aimed at improving small-scale poultry as a means of helping to bring socio- economic benefits to rural communities (Panda, 1989). In order to feed the ever rising population of 4.9 million in the Northern Province (1996 Census), there must be an increase in the production of broilers as a primary source of top quality animal protein. With the high unemployment rate (46%) in the Northern Province, self- employment projects are needed which comply with agro- processing. More than 90 community projects based on poultry production in the Northern region of the Northern Province had been established in order to reduce the high rate of unemployment. Today more people have engaged themselves in community projects especially in poultry production than ever before. Some of the constrains of broiler production at both small-scale and semi-commercial farming condition includes inadequate ventilation system. Lack of suitable health care facilities and frequently the absence of efficient marketing structures form part of the obstacles to the rapid development of poultry production. Feed costs which remain the highest input cost in the production of broilers represent between 60 to 70% or more of the total costs of broiler productions (Benyi and Habi, 1998). Lack of management skills and training for small and semi-commercial farmers makes it difficult to obtain optimum performance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of broilers as influenced by environmental factors under small.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Nembilwi, Daniel
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agricultural Management)
- Identifier: vital:10964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/92 , Broilers (Chickens)
- Description: Introduction: In the Northern region of the Northern Province, there is an increase in the number of small-scale and semi-commercial farms in all sectors of agriculture. This includes the production of grains, vegetables, fruits and livestock. Broiler production seemed to be a much-preferred alternative of development in community based projects and emerging farmers have shown keen interest. This is because broiler production requires less space than ruminants and is ready for human consumption within a very short period of time. Poultry production provides a constant source of income and protein with a big customer demand. By the year 2000, broiler production is expected to reach 4000 million and 7.5 million tons of poultry feeds in the world. Many countries have initiated programs aimed at improving small-scale poultry as a means of helping to bring socio- economic benefits to rural communities (Panda, 1989). In order to feed the ever rising population of 4.9 million in the Northern Province (1996 Census), there must be an increase in the production of broilers as a primary source of top quality animal protein. With the high unemployment rate (46%) in the Northern Province, self- employment projects are needed which comply with agro- processing. More than 90 community projects based on poultry production in the Northern region of the Northern Province had been established in order to reduce the high rate of unemployment. Today more people have engaged themselves in community projects especially in poultry production than ever before. Some of the constrains of broiler production at both small-scale and semi-commercial farming condition includes inadequate ventilation system. Lack of suitable health care facilities and frequently the absence of efficient marketing structures form part of the obstacles to the rapid development of poultry production. Feed costs which remain the highest input cost in the production of broilers represent between 60 to 70% or more of the total costs of broiler productions (Benyi and Habi, 1998). Lack of management skills and training for small and semi-commercial farmers makes it difficult to obtain optimum performance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of broilers as influenced by environmental factors under small.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Metabolic responses to in vitro zinc supplementation
- Authors: Steel, Helen Carolyn
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Zinc in the body , Zinc -- Physiological effect , Cancer -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4040 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004101 , Zinc in the body , Zinc -- Physiological effect , Cancer -- Research
- Description: The present study was carried out to determine the effects and possible mechanism of action of zinc supplementation on the in vitro growth of malignant murine melanoma (B16) and non-malignant monkey kidney (LLCMK) cells. Cell culture studies showed that zinc supplementation significantly inhibited B16 growth at all the concentrations studied (1, 3, 5 and lOμg/ml). Zinc was also found to inhibit the growth of the LLCMK cells, although to a lesser extent than the B16 cells. Possible evidence of mobilisation of the essential fatty acids from the membrane phospholipid stores was noted in both cell types. This effect was, however, greater in the B16 cells. Δ⁶-desaturase activity was found to be significantly lower in the B16 cells than in the LLCMK cells (p ≥ 0.05). Zinc supplementation resulted in an increase in the enzymes activity in the LLCMK cells and, at high concentrations, in the B16 cells. An estimation of elongase and Δ⁶-desaturase activity with zinc supplementation indicated that zinc had little or no effect on the activity of these enzymes. B16 cells were found to have higher levels of free radicals than the LLCMK cells. Zinc supplementation resulted in increased free radical formation in the B16 cells, while no effect was observed in the LLCMK cells. Lipid peroxidation increased in both cell types with increased zinc concentrations. The observed effect of zinc supplementation on cell growth may involve these elevated levels of lipid peroxides. CycIo-oxygenase activity was found to be greater in the B16 cells than the LLCMK cells. The activity of the enzyme increased with higher concentrations of zinc (lOμg/ml) in both cell types. Prostaglandin E, levels were found to be lower in the B16 cells compared to the LLCMK cells. The levels of prostaglandin E, in both cell types appeared to be dependent on the levels of the polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors to the prostaglandins. Zinc was found to inhibit the activity of the enzyme adenylate cyclase in both cell types. The cAMP levels in the LLCMK cells were also found to decrease with zinc supplementation. In the case of the B16 cells, cAMP levels increased at low concentrations of zinc despite a decrease in adenyl ate cyclase activity, suggesting a possible inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity at these concentrations of zinc. It is concluded that although zinc supplementation does have an effect on cell growth, this effect is not mediated through the activation of adenylate cyclase by the prostaglandins resulting in elevated levels of cAMP. A possible mechanism involving lipid peroxidation is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Steel, Helen Carolyn
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Zinc in the body , Zinc -- Physiological effect , Cancer -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4040 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004101 , Zinc in the body , Zinc -- Physiological effect , Cancer -- Research
- Description: The present study was carried out to determine the effects and possible mechanism of action of zinc supplementation on the in vitro growth of malignant murine melanoma (B16) and non-malignant monkey kidney (LLCMK) cells. Cell culture studies showed that zinc supplementation significantly inhibited B16 growth at all the concentrations studied (1, 3, 5 and lOμg/ml). Zinc was also found to inhibit the growth of the LLCMK cells, although to a lesser extent than the B16 cells. Possible evidence of mobilisation of the essential fatty acids from the membrane phospholipid stores was noted in both cell types. This effect was, however, greater in the B16 cells. Δ⁶-desaturase activity was found to be significantly lower in the B16 cells than in the LLCMK cells (p ≥ 0.05). Zinc supplementation resulted in an increase in the enzymes activity in the LLCMK cells and, at high concentrations, in the B16 cells. An estimation of elongase and Δ⁶-desaturase activity with zinc supplementation indicated that zinc had little or no effect on the activity of these enzymes. B16 cells were found to have higher levels of free radicals than the LLCMK cells. Zinc supplementation resulted in increased free radical formation in the B16 cells, while no effect was observed in the LLCMK cells. Lipid peroxidation increased in both cell types with increased zinc concentrations. The observed effect of zinc supplementation on cell growth may involve these elevated levels of lipid peroxides. CycIo-oxygenase activity was found to be greater in the B16 cells than the LLCMK cells. The activity of the enzyme increased with higher concentrations of zinc (lOμg/ml) in both cell types. Prostaglandin E, levels were found to be lower in the B16 cells compared to the LLCMK cells. The levels of prostaglandin E, in both cell types appeared to be dependent on the levels of the polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors to the prostaglandins. Zinc was found to inhibit the activity of the enzyme adenylate cyclase in both cell types. The cAMP levels in the LLCMK cells were also found to decrease with zinc supplementation. In the case of the B16 cells, cAMP levels increased at low concentrations of zinc despite a decrease in adenyl ate cyclase activity, suggesting a possible inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity at these concentrations of zinc. It is concluded that although zinc supplementation does have an effect on cell growth, this effect is not mediated through the activation of adenylate cyclase by the prostaglandins resulting in elevated levels of cAMP. A possible mechanism involving lipid peroxidation is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Composition portfolio
- Authors: Cooper, Corinne Jane
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa (African people) -- Music , Musical bow -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sound recordings in ethnomusicology -- South Africa , Dywili, Nofinishi. The bow project , Music -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168338 , vital:41568
- Description: In June 2014, I was introduced to Christine Dixie by a film maker I had worked with on a previous project. Christine was looking for a composer who could arrange a soundtrack around musical themes that she had commissioned from Jared Lang to accompany her video installation To Be King (Dixie 2014. Jared composed five different melodies that I wove into a palette of sounds that comprised the soundtrack. To Be King was exhibited at the National Arts Festival in 2014 as part of the Main Festival. It moved to Cape Town in 2015 and 2017, to Venice and London in 2017, and to Lithuania in 2018. In 2017, Christine approached me to compose a soundtrack for a different work, based again on seventeenth century Spanish artist, Velázquez’ painting ‘Las Meninas’ (1656), but this time, using a series of sculptures representing the different figures in the painting, a reinterpretation with strong Eastern Cape (South Africa) themes and associations. Christine proposed reimagining the figures in the painting by clothing them in Shweshwe 1 material and placing African masks on each of them, masks that she had sought out during her travels around Africa. The use of Shweshwe material, ties the figures very closely to the Eastern Cape, and in particular, close to where I grew up in Alice, just 60 kilometres away from where it is manufactured in King William’s Town. Alice is important in the unfolding of this portfolio as Ntsikana, purportedly the first Xhosa person to be converted to Christianity and a prophet, lived in Peddie (which is about 70 kilometers from Grahamstown and Rhodes University) and Gqora, near the Kat River District which is located in the Amathola District near Alice. (Kumalo 2015, p.26). Alice is steeped in history, and is the town where Lovedale Mission Station was founded in 1824 and later, the Lovedale Press in 1861. Therefore, this project felt close to my roots, hence this interaction between Western and African cultures is very relevant to my world view and has impacted on my scoring of this music. I was initially challenged by the idea that the project would require a deeper understanding of traditional Xhosa music and while I had been exposed to Xhosa culture while growing up in Alice, my formative years were largely shaped by the culture of my Christian parents who immigrated to South Africa from England during the 1960s. During the first decade of the twentieth century, in my capacity as a sound engineer, I was tasked with recording and mastering a double CD called The Bow Project. Various South African composers were invited to transcribe and paraphrase or reimagine traditional Xhosa bow music for the classical string quartet. The uhadi songs 2 of Nofinishi Dywili formed the basis for many of these intercultural explorations, and I recorded and mastered the string quartets as well as 12 individual recordings of Dywili’s music. I spent many hours listening to Dywili’s recordings while I mastered them, but though I was very familiar with how they sounded, I realised, as I started compiling this portfolio, that I was not familiar with their notation and rhythmic structures. I approach sound engineering with a very different ear and sonic perspective to that of a composer. To learn more about uhadi bow music I visited the International Library of African Music (ILAM) which is housed by Rhodes University in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. Here I consulted with sound engineer and African music specialist, Elijah Madiba, on Xhosa instruments and traditional music-making. With Madiba’s assistance I listened carefully to different bow performances and examined a variety of instruments. After this introduction I loaned a selection of recordings from the ILAM collection and listened to them as carefully as I could. Every time I listened, I seemed to hear something different, both melodically and rhythmically. To gain a deeper understanding of how this music was created I decided to transcribe some of the songs. Following a steep learning curve I completed transcriptions of two songs with my transcriptions including a wealth of vocal parts. As my ears grew accustomed to the sound world I heard additional counter melodies. Notating the rhythms using staff notation was challenging, as this music is created according to a different format, but I am familiar with staff notation and if I was going to use this material while composing then I needed to remain with that which was familiar. I finally settled on notating with shifting time signatures and the first song is scored in bars of 3/4, 4/4, and 2/4 while the other song uses 3/4, 2/4. It was a very worthwhile exercise and after completion I humbly set about composing the eleven pieces that would musically express Dixie’s new work: Worlding the White Spirit Maiden (2019).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Cooper, Corinne Jane
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa (African people) -- Music , Musical bow -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sound recordings in ethnomusicology -- South Africa , Dywili, Nofinishi. The bow project , Music -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168338 , vital:41568
- Description: In June 2014, I was introduced to Christine Dixie by a film maker I had worked with on a previous project. Christine was looking for a composer who could arrange a soundtrack around musical themes that she had commissioned from Jared Lang to accompany her video installation To Be King (Dixie 2014. Jared composed five different melodies that I wove into a palette of sounds that comprised the soundtrack. To Be King was exhibited at the National Arts Festival in 2014 as part of the Main Festival. It moved to Cape Town in 2015 and 2017, to Venice and London in 2017, and to Lithuania in 2018. In 2017, Christine approached me to compose a soundtrack for a different work, based again on seventeenth century Spanish artist, Velázquez’ painting ‘Las Meninas’ (1656), but this time, using a series of sculptures representing the different figures in the painting, a reinterpretation with strong Eastern Cape (South Africa) themes and associations. Christine proposed reimagining the figures in the painting by clothing them in Shweshwe 1 material and placing African masks on each of them, masks that she had sought out during her travels around Africa. The use of Shweshwe material, ties the figures very closely to the Eastern Cape, and in particular, close to where I grew up in Alice, just 60 kilometres away from where it is manufactured in King William’s Town. Alice is important in the unfolding of this portfolio as Ntsikana, purportedly the first Xhosa person to be converted to Christianity and a prophet, lived in Peddie (which is about 70 kilometers from Grahamstown and Rhodes University) and Gqora, near the Kat River District which is located in the Amathola District near Alice. (Kumalo 2015, p.26). Alice is steeped in history, and is the town where Lovedale Mission Station was founded in 1824 and later, the Lovedale Press in 1861. Therefore, this project felt close to my roots, hence this interaction between Western and African cultures is very relevant to my world view and has impacted on my scoring of this music. I was initially challenged by the idea that the project would require a deeper understanding of traditional Xhosa music and while I had been exposed to Xhosa culture while growing up in Alice, my formative years were largely shaped by the culture of my Christian parents who immigrated to South Africa from England during the 1960s. During the first decade of the twentieth century, in my capacity as a sound engineer, I was tasked with recording and mastering a double CD called The Bow Project. Various South African composers were invited to transcribe and paraphrase or reimagine traditional Xhosa bow music for the classical string quartet. The uhadi songs 2 of Nofinishi Dywili formed the basis for many of these intercultural explorations, and I recorded and mastered the string quartets as well as 12 individual recordings of Dywili’s music. I spent many hours listening to Dywili’s recordings while I mastered them, but though I was very familiar with how they sounded, I realised, as I started compiling this portfolio, that I was not familiar with their notation and rhythmic structures. I approach sound engineering with a very different ear and sonic perspective to that of a composer. To learn more about uhadi bow music I visited the International Library of African Music (ILAM) which is housed by Rhodes University in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. Here I consulted with sound engineer and African music specialist, Elijah Madiba, on Xhosa instruments and traditional music-making. With Madiba’s assistance I listened carefully to different bow performances and examined a variety of instruments. After this introduction I loaned a selection of recordings from the ILAM collection and listened to them as carefully as I could. Every time I listened, I seemed to hear something different, both melodically and rhythmically. To gain a deeper understanding of how this music was created I decided to transcribe some of the songs. Following a steep learning curve I completed transcriptions of two songs with my transcriptions including a wealth of vocal parts. As my ears grew accustomed to the sound world I heard additional counter melodies. Notating the rhythms using staff notation was challenging, as this music is created according to a different format, but I am familiar with staff notation and if I was going to use this material while composing then I needed to remain with that which was familiar. I finally settled on notating with shifting time signatures and the first song is scored in bars of 3/4, 4/4, and 2/4 while the other song uses 3/4, 2/4. It was a very worthwhile exercise and after completion I humbly set about composing the eleven pieces that would musically express Dixie’s new work: Worlding the White Spirit Maiden (2019).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Water footprint of growing vegetables in selected smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa
- Authors: Nyambo, Patrick
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Water consumption , Irrigation efficiency , Rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Soil Science)
- Identifier: vital:11964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019775 , Water consumption , Irrigation efficiency , Rural development
- Description: Knowledge of water use, through water foot printing (WF) in smallholder agriculture crop production is the key to the global fight against poverty, achievement of food security and sustainability within the world’s rural community. Water footprint of a crop can be defined as the volume of fresh water used to produce a certain crop in all the steps in the production line. This study, therefore aimed at contributing towards improvements in rural livelihoods by raising awareness of the increased productive use of green, blue and grey water in smallholder agriculture in South Africa. This was done through determination of water footprints of five vegetable crops, i.e. potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cabbage (Brassica oleracea spp) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in the 2000-2013 period. Quantification of water footprints has been done worldwide but, in South Africa (SA) focus has mostly been on the industrial and domestic sector. Water footprint assessment framework, was used to estimate the full impact of vegetable production on water resources at Zanyokwe, Thabina and Tugela Ferry irrigation schemes as case studies. The CROPWAT@ model was used to calculate crop evapotranspiration, differentiating green and blue water. Local climatic data were obtained from SA weather services, while the crop and soil parameters were obtained from the FAO data base. Nitrogen was considered the main pollutant hence its use in the grey water footprint calculation. Generally, Thabina irrigation scheme had the highest water footprint, followed by Tugela Ferry irrigation scheme whilst Zanyokwe irrigation scheme had the lowest. Green beans had the highest water footprint at all the three irrigation schemes with Thabina irrigation scheme having the highest (3535.1 m3/ton). For Tugela Ferry irrigation scheme, the calculated WF was 2753 m3/ton whilst the lowest was observed at ZIS i.e. 2407.6 m3/ton. Cabbage had the lowest water footprint. The highest water footprint for growing cabbage was 254.5 m3/ton in TFIS, 223.1 m3/ton in TIS and the lowest was 217.8 m3/ton in ZIS. The differences observed in the WF of a crop at each scheme maybe attributed to the differences management, weather and environmental characteristics, in the three locations. Moreover, the needs for ET are related to soil type and plant growth, and primarily depend on crop development and climatic factors which are closely related to climatic demands. The grey water footprint was calculated using the recommended fertilizer application rates for all the three sites. Green beans had the highest WFgrey i.e. 373 m3/ton and the lowest was cabbage with 37 m3/ton. Potato, spinach and tomatoes had 156 m3/ton, 214 m3/ton and 132 m3/ton, respectively. Grey water footprint in this study was higher as compared to other studies, possibly because of the high rates of nitrogen fertilizers used in the calculations and the low yields farmers get. Compared with estimates from other studies, the water footprints of vegetable production within smallholder irrigation schemes was relatively high. There is therefore, a need to focus on crop management and tillage practices that will help in increasing yield while minimizing water usage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Nyambo, Patrick
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Water consumption , Irrigation efficiency , Rural development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Soil Science)
- Identifier: vital:11964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019775 , Water consumption , Irrigation efficiency , Rural development
- Description: Knowledge of water use, through water foot printing (WF) in smallholder agriculture crop production is the key to the global fight against poverty, achievement of food security and sustainability within the world’s rural community. Water footprint of a crop can be defined as the volume of fresh water used to produce a certain crop in all the steps in the production line. This study, therefore aimed at contributing towards improvements in rural livelihoods by raising awareness of the increased productive use of green, blue and grey water in smallholder agriculture in South Africa. This was done through determination of water footprints of five vegetable crops, i.e. potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cabbage (Brassica oleracea spp) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in the 2000-2013 period. Quantification of water footprints has been done worldwide but, in South Africa (SA) focus has mostly been on the industrial and domestic sector. Water footprint assessment framework, was used to estimate the full impact of vegetable production on water resources at Zanyokwe, Thabina and Tugela Ferry irrigation schemes as case studies. The CROPWAT@ model was used to calculate crop evapotranspiration, differentiating green and blue water. Local climatic data were obtained from SA weather services, while the crop and soil parameters were obtained from the FAO data base. Nitrogen was considered the main pollutant hence its use in the grey water footprint calculation. Generally, Thabina irrigation scheme had the highest water footprint, followed by Tugela Ferry irrigation scheme whilst Zanyokwe irrigation scheme had the lowest. Green beans had the highest water footprint at all the three irrigation schemes with Thabina irrigation scheme having the highest (3535.1 m3/ton). For Tugela Ferry irrigation scheme, the calculated WF was 2753 m3/ton whilst the lowest was observed at ZIS i.e. 2407.6 m3/ton. Cabbage had the lowest water footprint. The highest water footprint for growing cabbage was 254.5 m3/ton in TFIS, 223.1 m3/ton in TIS and the lowest was 217.8 m3/ton in ZIS. The differences observed in the WF of a crop at each scheme maybe attributed to the differences management, weather and environmental characteristics, in the three locations. Moreover, the needs for ET are related to soil type and plant growth, and primarily depend on crop development and climatic factors which are closely related to climatic demands. The grey water footprint was calculated using the recommended fertilizer application rates for all the three sites. Green beans had the highest WFgrey i.e. 373 m3/ton and the lowest was cabbage with 37 m3/ton. Potato, spinach and tomatoes had 156 m3/ton, 214 m3/ton and 132 m3/ton, respectively. Grey water footprint in this study was higher as compared to other studies, possibly because of the high rates of nitrogen fertilizers used in the calculations and the low yields farmers get. Compared with estimates from other studies, the water footprints of vegetable production within smallholder irrigation schemes was relatively high. There is therefore, a need to focus on crop management and tillage practices that will help in increasing yield while minimizing water usage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Effect of photoperiod on sexual development, growth and production of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)
- Authors: De Jager, Pieter Herodes
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Quails , Quails -- Growth , Quails -- Effect of light on , Photoperiodism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agricultural Management)
- Identifier: vital:10969 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/227 , Quails , Quails -- Growth , Quails -- Effect of light on , Photoperiodism
- Description: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of photoperiod on production of quail in South Africa. Day old chicks were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n=74) received continuous light (LL) while the other group (n=77) received 13 h of light (LD) per day. Traits measured were sexual characteristics (age at sexual maturity and testis weight, egg production and egg weight) and growth (body weight) development in males and females respectively. Significant differences in growth existed between sexes; females were 171.44±17.15 and 182.91±17.75 g compared to the 151.77±13.20 and 155.00±16.86 g for males in both LL and LD groups respectively. Both males and females in the LL group initially outperformed the LD group in growth rate but, by day 72 the LD group had compensated and were 4.6% heavier than the LL group. A similar trend was observed for sexual maturity between the LL and LD groups. However, photoperiod did significantly influence initial egg production in favour of the LL group. The LL group had 80% of the females in production by day 44 compared to the 60% of the LD group. The initial egg weight of the LL group was 14 % higher than those of the LD group. Quail subjected to continuous light attained earlier sexual maturity and production with lower final weight compared to quail subjected to an intermediate photoperiod. The application of a longer photoperiod would therefore favour an egg production system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: De Jager, Pieter Herodes
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Quails , Quails -- Growth , Quails -- Effect of light on , Photoperiodism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Agricultural Management)
- Identifier: vital:10969 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/227 , Quails , Quails -- Growth , Quails -- Effect of light on , Photoperiodism
- Description: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of photoperiod on production of quail in South Africa. Day old chicks were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n=74) received continuous light (LL) while the other group (n=77) received 13 h of light (LD) per day. Traits measured were sexual characteristics (age at sexual maturity and testis weight, egg production and egg weight) and growth (body weight) development in males and females respectively. Significant differences in growth existed between sexes; females were 171.44±17.15 and 182.91±17.75 g compared to the 151.77±13.20 and 155.00±16.86 g for males in both LL and LD groups respectively. Both males and females in the LL group initially outperformed the LD group in growth rate but, by day 72 the LD group had compensated and were 4.6% heavier than the LL group. A similar trend was observed for sexual maturity between the LL and LD groups. However, photoperiod did significantly influence initial egg production in favour of the LL group. The LL group had 80% of the females in production by day 44 compared to the 60% of the LD group. The initial egg weight of the LL group was 14 % higher than those of the LD group. Quail subjected to continuous light attained earlier sexual maturity and production with lower final weight compared to quail subjected to an intermediate photoperiod. The application of a longer photoperiod would therefore favour an egg production system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Risk preferences of smallholder irrigation farmers in the former Ciskei homelands of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Itumeleng, Mathlo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Risk-return relationships -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crops -- Irrigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Irrigation farming -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11214 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016206 , Risk-return relationships -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crops -- Irrigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Irrigation farming -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Although several studies have investigated on commercial farmers’ risk preferences, there is still lack of information on the risk attitudes and risk preferences of smallholder farmers in South Africa. Risks associated with the adoption of new agricultural technology need to be explored in order to address the transition from homestead food gardening to smallholder irrigated farming. This study seeks to understand risk perception of smallholder irrigation farmers by linking constraints to commercialisation, adoption of new agricultural technologies and risk preferences of smallholder farmers in the former Ciskei Homelands of the Eastern Cape. A total of 101 respondents were surveyed, consisting of 38 smallholder farmers and 63 homestead food gardeners in the Eastern Cape. Questionnaires were used to record household activities, socio-economic and institutional data as well as household demographics through personal interviews. The probit results indicated that older farmers are less risk averse thus more willing to take risk. The risk analysis indicates that farmers who are employed elsewhere are more willing to take risk as income is playing a major role in risk preferences. The results also prove that factors such as tenure system and years in farming have a major influence on farmers’ decision to take risk and adopt new agricultural technology. According to the multi-logit model the major factors influencing technology adoption and risk taking are household size, water rate and type of irrigation system used by the farmers. This study provides useful practical insights for policy makers, farm advisers and researchers in the design of effective and efficient policies, programmes and projects which can affect the adoption of technology, increase smallholder farmers capacity to manage risk and drive growth in the food market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Itumeleng, Mathlo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Risk-return relationships -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crops -- Irrigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Irrigation farming -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11214 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016206 , Risk-return relationships -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crops -- Irrigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Irrigation farming -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Although several studies have investigated on commercial farmers’ risk preferences, there is still lack of information on the risk attitudes and risk preferences of smallholder farmers in South Africa. Risks associated with the adoption of new agricultural technology need to be explored in order to address the transition from homestead food gardening to smallholder irrigated farming. This study seeks to understand risk perception of smallholder irrigation farmers by linking constraints to commercialisation, adoption of new agricultural technologies and risk preferences of smallholder farmers in the former Ciskei Homelands of the Eastern Cape. A total of 101 respondents were surveyed, consisting of 38 smallholder farmers and 63 homestead food gardeners in the Eastern Cape. Questionnaires were used to record household activities, socio-economic and institutional data as well as household demographics through personal interviews. The probit results indicated that older farmers are less risk averse thus more willing to take risk. The risk analysis indicates that farmers who are employed elsewhere are more willing to take risk as income is playing a major role in risk preferences. The results also prove that factors such as tenure system and years in farming have a major influence on farmers’ decision to take risk and adopt new agricultural technology. According to the multi-logit model the major factors influencing technology adoption and risk taking are household size, water rate and type of irrigation system used by the farmers. This study provides useful practical insights for policy makers, farm advisers and researchers in the design of effective and efficient policies, programmes and projects which can affect the adoption of technology, increase smallholder farmers capacity to manage risk and drive growth in the food market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Job embeddedness and employee retention in higher education
- Authors: Esterhuizen, Christa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Employee retention -- South Africa , Organizational behavior -- South Africa Work -- Psychological aspects Employee morale -- South Africa Universities and colleges -- Employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39852 , vital:35483
- Description: The only sustainable competitive advantage for organisations worldwide, including higher education institutions, is their human resources. Therefore, to acquire and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage, the ability to effectively retain knowledge employees has become high-priority. The job embeddedness model presents an alternative approach to the traditional constructs of job satisfaction, organisational commitment and job involvement, for understanding the retention concept. The aim of the research was to determine the interaction effect of job embeddedness on retention, which could be used to intensify the attachment of academic staff in a higher education institution and to dissuade turnover cognitions. An empirical study consisting of a web-based questionnaire was conducted amongst 100 academic staff members across all campuses of Nelson Mandela University. The purpose of the survey was to measure job embeddedness, retention, and the relationship between job embeddedness and retention. The results indicated that organisational embeddedness, rather than community embeddedness, influenced the intention to leave. Employees that had a positive experience with the organisation in terms of fit, links and sacrifice, were less likely to leave the organisation. It is recommended that job embeddedness should form the basis for the development of an effective integrated human resource management retention strategy to attract, retain, motivate and develop employees, to improve organisational performance and achieve organisational goals and objectives. The implication is that recruitment and selection should be done carefully to create a fit between the employee and the organisation. Talent should be fully used in an environment that fosters autonomy and teamwork should be crafted and encouraged.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Esterhuizen, Christa
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Employee retention -- South Africa , Organizational behavior -- South Africa Work -- Psychological aspects Employee morale -- South Africa Universities and colleges -- Employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39852 , vital:35483
- Description: The only sustainable competitive advantage for organisations worldwide, including higher education institutions, is their human resources. Therefore, to acquire and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage, the ability to effectively retain knowledge employees has become high-priority. The job embeddedness model presents an alternative approach to the traditional constructs of job satisfaction, organisational commitment and job involvement, for understanding the retention concept. The aim of the research was to determine the interaction effect of job embeddedness on retention, which could be used to intensify the attachment of academic staff in a higher education institution and to dissuade turnover cognitions. An empirical study consisting of a web-based questionnaire was conducted amongst 100 academic staff members across all campuses of Nelson Mandela University. The purpose of the survey was to measure job embeddedness, retention, and the relationship between job embeddedness and retention. The results indicated that organisational embeddedness, rather than community embeddedness, influenced the intention to leave. Employees that had a positive experience with the organisation in terms of fit, links and sacrifice, were less likely to leave the organisation. It is recommended that job embeddedness should form the basis for the development of an effective integrated human resource management retention strategy to attract, retain, motivate and develop employees, to improve organisational performance and achieve organisational goals and objectives. The implication is that recruitment and selection should be done carefully to create a fit between the employee and the organisation. Talent should be fully used in an environment that fosters autonomy and teamwork should be crafted and encouraged.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019