The implication of fuel-wood use and governance to the local environment: a case study of Ward Seven of Port St Johns Municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ndamase, Zola
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Closed ecological systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social systems -- Environmental aspects , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fuelwood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil (Environmental Studies)
- Identifier: vital:11876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/448 , Closed ecological systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social systems -- Environmental aspects , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fuelwood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The importance of ecological systems in supporting social systems has been identified as one of the most important facets of sustainable development. Consequently, a number of international and local laws and policy interventions have been established to ensure that natural resource use remains sustainable. In rural areas, overdependence on fuel wood has commonly been identified as one of the biggest threat to forestry ecosystems. This in turn has led to environmental degradation that includes among others species depletion, soil erosion and decline in water and air quality. Based on the myriad problems caused by over-reliance on fuel wood, this study sought to identify usage, management and perceived implication of woodland exploitation in Port St Johns local municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Using interviews and questionnaires for key respondents in the local community, the study identified two key threats to socio-ecological stability resulting from wood fuel exploitation namely; high poverty levels and lack of coordination in the management of wood fuel resources. Apart from using fuel wood for domestic use, local fuel wood exploitation has been commercialized to augment household incomes. Lack of coordination in the management of natural resources has also created a vacuum in the exploitation and management of fuel wood resources. The study did not have inclination towards statistics such as chi-square and t-tests since the research questions and objectives did not refer to any relationship or significance level. The study recommends non-wood based alternative sources of energy, improved coordination and harmonization of functions among different stakeholders and emphasis on collaboration between traditional and local governance in the management fuel wood and the local physical environment. The study further recommends resuscitation of indigenous knowledge and socio-ecological stability
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Ndamase, Zola
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Closed ecological systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social systems -- Environmental aspects , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fuelwood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil (Environmental Studies)
- Identifier: vital:11876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/448 , Closed ecological systems -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social systems -- Environmental aspects , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fuelwood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Ecosystem management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The importance of ecological systems in supporting social systems has been identified as one of the most important facets of sustainable development. Consequently, a number of international and local laws and policy interventions have been established to ensure that natural resource use remains sustainable. In rural areas, overdependence on fuel wood has commonly been identified as one of the biggest threat to forestry ecosystems. This in turn has led to environmental degradation that includes among others species depletion, soil erosion and decline in water and air quality. Based on the myriad problems caused by over-reliance on fuel wood, this study sought to identify usage, management and perceived implication of woodland exploitation in Port St Johns local municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Using interviews and questionnaires for key respondents in the local community, the study identified two key threats to socio-ecological stability resulting from wood fuel exploitation namely; high poverty levels and lack of coordination in the management of wood fuel resources. Apart from using fuel wood for domestic use, local fuel wood exploitation has been commercialized to augment household incomes. Lack of coordination in the management of natural resources has also created a vacuum in the exploitation and management of fuel wood resources. The study did not have inclination towards statistics such as chi-square and t-tests since the research questions and objectives did not refer to any relationship or significance level. The study recommends non-wood based alternative sources of energy, improved coordination and harmonization of functions among different stakeholders and emphasis on collaboration between traditional and local governance in the management fuel wood and the local physical environment. The study further recommends resuscitation of indigenous knowledge and socio-ecological stability
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Wood preservation with gold hydroxyapatite system
- Ion, Rodica-Mariana, Nyokong, Tebello, Nwahara, Nnamdi, Suica-Bunghez, Ioana-Raluca, Iancu, Lorena, Teodorescu, Sofia, Dulama, Ioana D, Stirbescu, Raluca M, Gheboianu, Anca, Grigorescu, Ramona M
- Authors: Ion, Rodica-Mariana , Nyokong, Tebello , Nwahara, Nnamdi , Suica-Bunghez, Ioana-Raluca , Iancu, Lorena , Teodorescu, Sofia , Dulama, Ioana D , Stirbescu, Raluca M , Gheboianu, Anca , Grigorescu, Ramona M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187840 , vital:44702 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-018-0202-5"
- Description: Over centuries, the external factors such as fire, low temperature, light or microbiological agents, act on the wood and induce some degradation processes, sometimes irreversible, identified by discoloration, fragility and unsightly appearance. Although there are numerous literature reports about different nanomaterials used for preservation and restoration of wood surfaces (calcium hydroxides, magnesium hydroxides, hydroxyapatite, or even organic resins as Paraloid B72), in this paper it is proposed a new system—gold hydroxyapatite (AuHAp), tested on the hazelnut wood samples (young and aged specimens), as a new solution for preservation of some wooden artifacts. This paper addresses a broad range of analytical methods: X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, chromatic parameters and hardness test. Also, humidity sorption/desorption measurements are used for humidity sorption and desorption evaluation. The adsorption and desorption tests determined the hydroscopic sorption properties of the wood specimens by measuring the mass of the specimens in equilibrium with air at a specific temperature and RH. All the results concluded that after the application of the new system on the hazelnut wood surface, a well distributed and uniform layer consisting from AuHAp systems with a network aspect are observed, which covers the wood vessels and fibers, filling the voids and stopping the wood weathering process, more accentuated at aged wood than at the young species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ion, Rodica-Mariana , Nyokong, Tebello , Nwahara, Nnamdi , Suica-Bunghez, Ioana-Raluca , Iancu, Lorena , Teodorescu, Sofia , Dulama, Ioana D , Stirbescu, Raluca M , Gheboianu, Anca , Grigorescu, Ramona M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187840 , vital:44702 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-018-0202-5"
- Description: Over centuries, the external factors such as fire, low temperature, light or microbiological agents, act on the wood and induce some degradation processes, sometimes irreversible, identified by discoloration, fragility and unsightly appearance. Although there are numerous literature reports about different nanomaterials used for preservation and restoration of wood surfaces (calcium hydroxides, magnesium hydroxides, hydroxyapatite, or even organic resins as Paraloid B72), in this paper it is proposed a new system—gold hydroxyapatite (AuHAp), tested on the hazelnut wood samples (young and aged specimens), as a new solution for preservation of some wooden artifacts. This paper addresses a broad range of analytical methods: X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, chromatic parameters and hardness test. Also, humidity sorption/desorption measurements are used for humidity sorption and desorption evaluation. The adsorption and desorption tests determined the hydroscopic sorption properties of the wood specimens by measuring the mass of the specimens in equilibrium with air at a specific temperature and RH. All the results concluded that after the application of the new system on the hazelnut wood surface, a well distributed and uniform layer consisting from AuHAp systems with a network aspect are observed, which covers the wood vessels and fibers, filling the voids and stopping the wood weathering process, more accentuated at aged wood than at the young species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Maclear
- Casgrain, P H du P, Great Britain. War Office. Intelligence Division
- Authors: Casgrain, P H du P , Great Britain. War Office. Intelligence Division
- Date: 1900
- Subjects: 3.94 miles = 1 inch 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , 3.94 miles = 1 inch ; 6945 yards = 1 inch. 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , Maclear (South Africa) History Maps , Eastern Cape (South Africa) Maps , South Africa History 1836-1909 Maps
- Language: English
- Type: maps , digital maps , cartographic
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113253 , vital:33736 , Cory Library for Humanities Research, Rhodes University Library, Grahamstown, South Africa , MP570
- Description: [Imperial map of South Africa] : Maclear compiled and lithographed by Mapping Section F.I.D. Cape Town under the superintendance of Capt. P.H. Du P. Casgrain ... from farm surveys and all other available information, [Wood and Ortlepp] [1900].
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1900
- Authors: Casgrain, P H du P , Great Britain. War Office. Intelligence Division
- Date: 1900
- Subjects: 3.94 miles = 1 inch 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , 3.94 miles = 1 inch ; 6945 yards = 1 inch. 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , Maclear (South Africa) History Maps , Eastern Cape (South Africa) Maps , South Africa History 1836-1909 Maps
- Language: English
- Type: maps , digital maps , cartographic
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113253 , vital:33736 , Cory Library for Humanities Research, Rhodes University Library, Grahamstown, South Africa , MP570
- Description: [Imperial map of South Africa] : Maclear compiled and lithographed by Mapping Section F.I.D. Cape Town under the superintendance of Capt. P.H. Du P. Casgrain ... from farm surveys and all other available information, [Wood and Ortlepp] [1900].
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1900
Salt pan
- Casgrain, P H du P, Great Britain. War Office. Intelligence Division
- Authors: Casgrain, P H du P , Great Britain. War Office. Intelligence Division
- Date: 1900
- Subjects: 3.94 miles = 1 inch 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , 3.94 miles = 1 inch ; 6945 yards = 1 inch. 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , Salt Pan (South Africa) History Maps , Eastern Cape (South Africa) Maps , South Africa History 1836-1909 Maps South African War 1899-1902 Maps
- Language: English
- Type: maps , digital maps , cartographic
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113271 , vital:33739 , Cory Library for Humanities Research, Rhodes University Library, Grahamstown, South Africa , MP571
- Description: [Imperial map of South Africa] : Salt Pan compiled and lithographed by Mapping Section F.I.D. Cape Town under the superintendance of Capt. P.H. Du P. Casgrain ... from farm surveys and all other available information, [Wood and Ortlepp] [1900] 3rd edition.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1900
- Authors: Casgrain, P H du P , Great Britain. War Office. Intelligence Division
- Date: 1900
- Subjects: 3.94 miles = 1 inch 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , 3.94 miles = 1 inch ; 6945 yards = 1 inch. 30.5595° S, 22.9375° E , Salt Pan (South Africa) History Maps , Eastern Cape (South Africa) Maps , South Africa History 1836-1909 Maps South African War 1899-1902 Maps
- Language: English
- Type: maps , digital maps , cartographic
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113271 , vital:33739 , Cory Library for Humanities Research, Rhodes University Library, Grahamstown, South Africa , MP571
- Description: [Imperial map of South Africa] : Salt Pan compiled and lithographed by Mapping Section F.I.D. Cape Town under the superintendance of Capt. P.H. Du P. Casgrain ... from farm surveys and all other available information, [Wood and Ortlepp] [1900] 3rd edition.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1900
Variation in selected solid wood properties of young pinus patula from diverse sites in the Mpumalanga escarpment area in South Africa
- Authors: Muller, Barry Glen
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Pinus patula -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga , Wood -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5509 , vital:20872
- Description: The objectives of this study were to study wood property variation in Pinus patula from different physiographic sites, the interrelationship between wood properties and the effects of some forest site factors on wood properties and their within-tree variation. The wood properties considered were density, transverse shrinkage, grain angle and stiffness (modulus of elasticity). Ten trees were taken from each of seventeen sites selected during a previous study of soil ecology and tree growth patterns on the escarpment of Mpumalanga in South Africa. This is a complex physiographic region with several different growth sites within a relatively small geographical area. The key finding of the study was that the effect of radial distance from the pith (i.e. the age of the tree) was highly significant and accounted for most of the variation of the trees sampled. Although the effect of site on the selected wood properties was highly significant, its effect accounted for a relatively small percentage of the total variation in each case. Consequently, solid wood processors must take into account the large variation within a tree when implementing strategies to minimise the downgrade of timber as result of excessive board distortion and/or inferior strength. There were significant correlations between wood density and density slope, radial shrinkage, shrinkage ratio and stiffness and also significant correlations between wood stiffness and density slope and radial shrinkage. Density and grain angle both showed significant correlations with the most important climatic factors. ‘Growth days’ (which is an index reflecting the number of days per year when soil moisture is not a limiting factor for plant growth) was identified as one of the principal growth factors influencing the selected wood properties, because of it’s strong relationships with wood density, density slope, grain angle and stiffness. Regression models were developed to predict wood density and grain angle from growth variables. The results show that those wood properties that correlate with geographic representable site variables can be included in site classification and evaluation systems, to assist in predicting growth in terms of volume yield and wood quality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Muller, Barry Glen
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Pinus patula -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga , Wood -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5509 , vital:20872
- Description: The objectives of this study were to study wood property variation in Pinus patula from different physiographic sites, the interrelationship between wood properties and the effects of some forest site factors on wood properties and their within-tree variation. The wood properties considered were density, transverse shrinkage, grain angle and stiffness (modulus of elasticity). Ten trees were taken from each of seventeen sites selected during a previous study of soil ecology and tree growth patterns on the escarpment of Mpumalanga in South Africa. This is a complex physiographic region with several different growth sites within a relatively small geographical area. The key finding of the study was that the effect of radial distance from the pith (i.e. the age of the tree) was highly significant and accounted for most of the variation of the trees sampled. Although the effect of site on the selected wood properties was highly significant, its effect accounted for a relatively small percentage of the total variation in each case. Consequently, solid wood processors must take into account the large variation within a tree when implementing strategies to minimise the downgrade of timber as result of excessive board distortion and/or inferior strength. There were significant correlations between wood density and density slope, radial shrinkage, shrinkage ratio and stiffness and also significant correlations between wood stiffness and density slope and radial shrinkage. Density and grain angle both showed significant correlations with the most important climatic factors. ‘Growth days’ (which is an index reflecting the number of days per year when soil moisture is not a limiting factor for plant growth) was identified as one of the principal growth factors influencing the selected wood properties, because of it’s strong relationships with wood density, density slope, grain angle and stiffness. Regression models were developed to predict wood density and grain angle from growth variables. The results show that those wood properties that correlate with geographic representable site variables can be included in site classification and evaluation systems, to assist in predicting growth in terms of volume yield and wood quality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The influence of site characteristics on growth and wood properties of Pinus radiata and Pinus elliottii in the Southern and Eastern Cape forestry regions of South Africa
- Authors: Sigcau, Chulumanco
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects , Pine – Growth -- South Africa , Pinus radiata
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61234 , vital:69828
- Description: The intensive nature of plantation forestry in South Africa requires efficiency and financial viability in production systems, amidst a complex growing environment subjected to changing macro-climatic patterns. The success of plantation forestry operations depends, amongst others, on our understanding of tree growth and wood formation patterns in response to variable growing conditions in both space and time. This study was conducted on the two most commonly used species in the southern and Eastern Cape forestry regions, i.e., Pinus radiata and P. elliottii. The region is regarded as highly suitable for plantation forestry in terms of climatic conditions, but soil characteristics pose several challenges due to nutritional disorders and poor drainage. The study focused on investigating the influence of both soil and climatic conditions on the growth and Wood Density properties of the two species, and to establish functional relationships where possible. The two species showed comparable growth rates at the reference age of 13 years on the range of sites sampled in the study area. An analysis of variance showed greater differences in Site Index between than within sample plots, pointing towards the possible influence of site on growth variation. Correlations between climatic variables and the growth of both species were generally weak and contradictory. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. It is proposed that the general favourable climatic profile of the region and hydromorphic nature of soils reduce the chances of significant correlations between variables influencing moisture availability and tree growth. The analysis of correlations between soil parameters and tree growth revealed some influence of soil organic C and Na on the growth of P. elliottii. This is discussed in terms of our understanding of the influence of soil parent material and soil ecology. The absence of any correlations between soil chemical parameters and the growth of P. radiata was conspicuous. This is in contradiction with earlier studies on the species in the region and can possibly be explained in terms of the site-specific fertilizing policy of the industry, as well as the less diverse range of sites sampled than in the past, which can mask or reduce nutrient limitations for tree growth. However, P. radiata did show a high level of sensitivity towards effective soil depth. Site-quality prediction models are proposed for the two species, but with variable application value due to the limited options of significant control variables that can be considered for inclusion in the models. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Science and Management, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Sigcau, Chulumanco
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects , Pine – Growth -- South Africa , Pinus radiata
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61234 , vital:69828
- Description: The intensive nature of plantation forestry in South Africa requires efficiency and financial viability in production systems, amidst a complex growing environment subjected to changing macro-climatic patterns. The success of plantation forestry operations depends, amongst others, on our understanding of tree growth and wood formation patterns in response to variable growing conditions in both space and time. This study was conducted on the two most commonly used species in the southern and Eastern Cape forestry regions, i.e., Pinus radiata and P. elliottii. The region is regarded as highly suitable for plantation forestry in terms of climatic conditions, but soil characteristics pose several challenges due to nutritional disorders and poor drainage. The study focused on investigating the influence of both soil and climatic conditions on the growth and Wood Density properties of the two species, and to establish functional relationships where possible. The two species showed comparable growth rates at the reference age of 13 years on the range of sites sampled in the study area. An analysis of variance showed greater differences in Site Index between than within sample plots, pointing towards the possible influence of site on growth variation. Correlations between climatic variables and the growth of both species were generally weak and contradictory. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. It is proposed that the general favourable climatic profile of the region and hydromorphic nature of soils reduce the chances of significant correlations between variables influencing moisture availability and tree growth. The analysis of correlations between soil parameters and tree growth revealed some influence of soil organic C and Na on the growth of P. elliottii. This is discussed in terms of our understanding of the influence of soil parent material and soil ecology. The absence of any correlations between soil chemical parameters and the growth of P. radiata was conspicuous. This is in contradiction with earlier studies on the species in the region and can possibly be explained in terms of the site-specific fertilizing policy of the industry, as well as the less diverse range of sites sampled than in the past, which can mask or reduce nutrient limitations for tree growth. However, P. radiata did show a high level of sensitivity towards effective soil depth. Site-quality prediction models are proposed for the two species, but with variable application value due to the limited options of significant control variables that can be considered for inclusion in the models. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Science and Management, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Biosulphidogenic hydrolysis of lignin and lignin model compounds
- Authors: Madikane, Mzekelo
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Lignin Lignin -- Biodegradation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3917 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003976
- Description: Lignin degradation under biosulphidogenic conditions has not been extensively reported in the literature. Although aerobic degradation of lignin is well documented, anaerobic biodegradation has focused mainly on methanogenic systems with biosulphidogenic systems receiving less attention. Sulphate reducing bacteria are known to generate moderately high levels of both sulphide and alkalinity at room temperatures, and these conditions draw some comparison with the Kraft pulping process. In the Kraft pulping process, lignin is degraded chemically at ±170°C under high sulphide and alkaline conditions and may provide a model for understanding biosulphidogenic lignin degrading activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the biosulphidogenic hydrolysis of lignin within the context of the chemical and biological conditions generated by a mixed sulphate reducing bacteria consortia. Bioreactor studies with a mixed sulphate reducing consortia and pine wood powder (both untreated and depectinated) resulted in the generation of comparable levels of sulphide and alkalinity used in the chemical hydrolysis studies. Aromatic compound yields were between 20 to 50% of the chemical hydrolysis studies. This fluctuation may have been due to the utilization of these aromatic compounds as electron donors by the sulphate reducing consortia as evidenced by the high rate of sulphate reduction in both the untreated and depectinated wood bioreactors. Biodegradation of lignin model compounds was investigated in order to elucidate lignin degradation mechanisms. Both mono-aromatic and dimeric lignin model compounds were used as electron donors and carbon sources for the mixed sulphate reducing consortia. Biodegradation and mass spectrometer analysis of mono-aromatic compounds, ferulic acid and ferulic acid ethyl ester resulted in the production of intermediates such as catechol, cyclohexane carboxylic acid and adipic acid. These intermediates were also observed in the degradation of dimeric ferulic acid. Biodegradation of salicin resulted in the production of salicyl alcohol, ortho-cresol and acetate. Biodegradation of benzylic ether resulted in the production of vanillin and acetate as end products. The results of these studies provide evidence for a biosulphidogenic hydrolysis of lignin, and also the utilisation of lignin-derived aromatic compounds as electron donor sources, by a mixed sulphate reducing consortia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Madikane, Mzekelo
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Lignin Lignin -- Biodegradation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3917 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003976
- Description: Lignin degradation under biosulphidogenic conditions has not been extensively reported in the literature. Although aerobic degradation of lignin is well documented, anaerobic biodegradation has focused mainly on methanogenic systems with biosulphidogenic systems receiving less attention. Sulphate reducing bacteria are known to generate moderately high levels of both sulphide and alkalinity at room temperatures, and these conditions draw some comparison with the Kraft pulping process. In the Kraft pulping process, lignin is degraded chemically at ±170°C under high sulphide and alkaline conditions and may provide a model for understanding biosulphidogenic lignin degrading activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the biosulphidogenic hydrolysis of lignin within the context of the chemical and biological conditions generated by a mixed sulphate reducing bacteria consortia. Bioreactor studies with a mixed sulphate reducing consortia and pine wood powder (both untreated and depectinated) resulted in the generation of comparable levels of sulphide and alkalinity used in the chemical hydrolysis studies. Aromatic compound yields were between 20 to 50% of the chemical hydrolysis studies. This fluctuation may have been due to the utilization of these aromatic compounds as electron donors by the sulphate reducing consortia as evidenced by the high rate of sulphate reduction in both the untreated and depectinated wood bioreactors. Biodegradation of lignin model compounds was investigated in order to elucidate lignin degradation mechanisms. Both mono-aromatic and dimeric lignin model compounds were used as electron donors and carbon sources for the mixed sulphate reducing consortia. Biodegradation and mass spectrometer analysis of mono-aromatic compounds, ferulic acid and ferulic acid ethyl ester resulted in the production of intermediates such as catechol, cyclohexane carboxylic acid and adipic acid. These intermediates were also observed in the degradation of dimeric ferulic acid. Biodegradation of salicin resulted in the production of salicyl alcohol, ortho-cresol and acetate. Biodegradation of benzylic ether resulted in the production of vanillin and acetate as end products. The results of these studies provide evidence for a biosulphidogenic hydrolysis of lignin, and also the utilisation of lignin-derived aromatic compounds as electron donor sources, by a mixed sulphate reducing consortia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Yellowwood
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1977-05
- Subjects: Podocarpus falcatus -- South Africa -- Photographs , Trees -- South Africa -- Photographs
- Language: English
- Type: mixed material , photographs , landscape photographs
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116916 , vital:34459
- Description: Caption "Common or Outeniqua Yellowwood, P. falcatus in garden of Prof. J. V. L. Rennie, 7 Oatlands Road, Grahamstown. May 1977. The stone wall hides the lower trunk but helps show size. Sapling was dug by the Rennies at Pirie Forest, King Williams Town, in 1945 when about 30cm high. Thus, in about 22 years in photo in 1977. The bole diameter at 1 metre from the ground was 304mm. Photo taken from the corner of Oatlands Road.”
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977-05
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1977-05
- Subjects: Podocarpus falcatus -- South Africa -- Photographs , Trees -- South Africa -- Photographs
- Language: English
- Type: mixed material , photographs , landscape photographs
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116916 , vital:34459
- Description: Caption "Common or Outeniqua Yellowwood, P. falcatus in garden of Prof. J. V. L. Rennie, 7 Oatlands Road, Grahamstown. May 1977. The stone wall hides the lower trunk but helps show size. Sapling was dug by the Rennies at Pirie Forest, King Williams Town, in 1945 when about 30cm high. Thus, in about 22 years in photo in 1977. The bole diameter at 1 metre from the ground was 304mm. Photo taken from the corner of Oatlands Road.”
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977-05
Yellowwood
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1977-05
- Subjects: Podocarpus falcatus- South Africa -- Photographs , Trees -- South Africa -- Photographs
- Language: English
- Type: mixed material , photographs , landscape photographs
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116933 , vital:34460
- Description: Caption "Common or Outeniqua Yellowwood, P. falcatus in garden of Prof. J. V. L. Rennie, 7 Oatlands Road, Grahamstown. May 1977.Brought from Pirie Forest King Williams Town in 1945 when 30 mm high. Thus, in about 22 years in photo in 1977. Bole diameter at 1 metre from the ground = 304 mm. Photo taken of house, in Oatlands Road.”
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977-05
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1977-05
- Subjects: Podocarpus falcatus- South Africa -- Photographs , Trees -- South Africa -- Photographs
- Language: English
- Type: mixed material , photographs , landscape photographs
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116933 , vital:34460
- Description: Caption "Common or Outeniqua Yellowwood, P. falcatus in garden of Prof. J. V. L. Rennie, 7 Oatlands Road, Grahamstown. May 1977.Brought from Pirie Forest King Williams Town in 1945 when 30 mm high. Thus, in about 22 years in photo in 1977. Bole diameter at 1 metre from the ground = 304 mm. Photo taken of house, in Oatlands Road.”
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977-05
Podocarpus falcatus - Yellowwood
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1959-1980
- Subjects: Podocarpus falcatus -- South Africa -- Photographs , Trees -- South Africa -- Photographs
- Language: English
- Type: mixed material , photographs , notes
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/120466 , vital:34896
- Description: Caption "CJ Skead's sundry distribution notes. Yellowwoods. King Williams Town area. Ciskei. Six young falcatus growing to 12 m with clear stems no more than 22 cm in diameter. In close company. Pirie Forest."
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1959-1980
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1959-1980
- Subjects: Podocarpus falcatus -- South Africa -- Photographs , Trees -- South Africa -- Photographs
- Language: English
- Type: mixed material , photographs , notes
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/120466 , vital:34896
- Description: Caption "CJ Skead's sundry distribution notes. Yellowwoods. King Williams Town area. Ciskei. Six young falcatus growing to 12 m with clear stems no more than 22 cm in diameter. In close company. Pirie Forest."
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1959-1980
Physical and thermal properties of binary and ternary blends of polypropylene, crumb rubber and wood flour
- Authors: Mosia, Lefika Ellen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Polypropylene , Polymers Materials science
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49193 , vital:41609
- Description: The properties of binary and ternary blends of polypropylene (PP), crumb rubber (CR) and wood flour (WF), with and without ethylene-1-butene as a compatibiliser, were studied. The design of experiment (DoE) was used to determine the proportions of each component for various composites. The components were mixed using the Haake Thermo scientific Polylab QC internal mixer and the crumbs were then moulded into different shapes using the ARBURG 221-55-250 injection moulding machine. The properties of the blends were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA), tensile tester, water absorption and thickness swelling tests. The morphology of the blends showed the agglomeration of fillers (CR and WF) and more voids on untreated blends but on the treated blends fewer voids as well as improved distribution and dispersion were observed. PP bonded better with WF than with CR. The incorporation of both fillers improved the thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and melt temperature as well as crystallisation temperatures of the blends. Yet these fillers reduced the tensile strength and the yield strength of PP. The addition of WF increased the elongation at break and hardness of the blends but decreased the impact strength of the blends, whereas the addition of CR improved the elongation at break and impact strength of the blends and decreased the hardness of the blends. The blends with more WF absorbed more water and swelled more than the blends containing a high amount of CR. The incorporation of compatibiliser further decreased the tensile strength but improved the thermal stability and elongation at break of the blends. The water absorption and swelling of the blends seemed to decrease with the addition of the compatibiliser whereas the hardness increased. The impact strength of the blends containing more WF, increased after the addition of compatibiliser. The ternary blends showed better results than the binary blends.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mosia, Lefika Ellen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Polypropylene , Polymers Materials science
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49193 , vital:41609
- Description: The properties of binary and ternary blends of polypropylene (PP), crumb rubber (CR) and wood flour (WF), with and without ethylene-1-butene as a compatibiliser, were studied. The design of experiment (DoE) was used to determine the proportions of each component for various composites. The components were mixed using the Haake Thermo scientific Polylab QC internal mixer and the crumbs were then moulded into different shapes using the ARBURG 221-55-250 injection moulding machine. The properties of the blends were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA), tensile tester, water absorption and thickness swelling tests. The morphology of the blends showed the agglomeration of fillers (CR and WF) and more voids on untreated blends but on the treated blends fewer voids as well as improved distribution and dispersion were observed. PP bonded better with WF than with CR. The incorporation of both fillers improved the thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and melt temperature as well as crystallisation temperatures of the blends. Yet these fillers reduced the tensile strength and the yield strength of PP. The addition of WF increased the elongation at break and hardness of the blends but decreased the impact strength of the blends, whereas the addition of CR improved the elongation at break and impact strength of the blends and decreased the hardness of the blends. The blends with more WF absorbed more water and swelled more than the blends containing a high amount of CR. The incorporation of compatibiliser further decreased the tensile strength but improved the thermal stability and elongation at break of the blends. The water absorption and swelling of the blends seemed to decrease with the addition of the compatibiliser whereas the hardness increased. The impact strength of the blends containing more WF, increased after the addition of compatibiliser. The ternary blends showed better results than the binary blends.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Yellowwood
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1977-04-22
- Subjects: Podocarpus falcatus -- South Africa -- Photographs , Trees -- South Africa -- Photographs
- Language: English
- Type: mixed material , photographs , landscape photographs
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116855 , vital:34452
- Description: Caption "Common or Outeniqua Yellowood, Podcarpus falcatus in front of garden of St Andrews Prep School, West Hill, Grahamstown. Taken 22 April 1977. Planted in 1935, along with the Kaffirboom, Erythrina caffra, to the right by Mr C. Griffin Mullins, housemaster and later headmaster of the school, when his son R. Lorraine G. Mullins was born. An old friend, Mr F. H. Holland, brought Mr. Mullins a small yellowwood seedling so small that it fitted into a matchbox. The kaffirboom seedling was not much larger. Information from Mr. Griffin Mullins himself. The photo taken 1977, shows the trees after 42 years growth. The yellowwood's trunk one metre from the ground was 784 mm in diameter, the Kaffirboom's; 1, 219 mm.”
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977-04-22
- Authors: Skead, C J (Cuthbert John)
- Date: 1977-04-22
- Subjects: Podocarpus falcatus -- South Africa -- Photographs , Trees -- South Africa -- Photographs
- Language: English
- Type: mixed material , photographs , landscape photographs
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116855 , vital:34452
- Description: Caption "Common or Outeniqua Yellowood, Podcarpus falcatus in front of garden of St Andrews Prep School, West Hill, Grahamstown. Taken 22 April 1977. Planted in 1935, along with the Kaffirboom, Erythrina caffra, to the right by Mr C. Griffin Mullins, housemaster and later headmaster of the school, when his son R. Lorraine G. Mullins was born. An old friend, Mr F. H. Holland, brought Mr. Mullins a small yellowwood seedling so small that it fitted into a matchbox. The kaffirboom seedling was not much larger. Information from Mr. Griffin Mullins himself. The photo taken 1977, shows the trees after 42 years growth. The yellowwood's trunk one metre from the ground was 784 mm in diameter, the Kaffirboom's; 1, 219 mm.”
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1977-04-22
The fuelwood crisis in southern Africa: Relating fuelwood use to livelihoods in a rural village
- Dovie, Delali B K, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Dovie, Delali B K , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181402 , vital:43730 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000033597.34013.9f"
- Description: The aim of the paper is to examine wood as a source of fuel energy in rural South Africa and factors influencing its usage. The analysis is based on household profiles and characteristics (e.g., gender, caste, population and income) in a livelihood framework. Fuelwood consumption was estimated to be 692 kg/capita, and 4343 kg/user household per annum, valued at $311 per household. Consumption was modelled in relation to informal and formal cash incomes, and population of children, female and male adults. However, only the population of female adults could significantly influence consumption of fuelwood. This implied that where there were more women in a household, consumption was likely to be high. This might be due to the majority of women doing the cooking and heating in the household. Any change in the value of cash income of households had no significant impacts on fuelwood consumed. Cash incomes might therefore not be strong determinants of the types of energy used by rural households. The average quantity of wood consumed for fuel energy in summer was not significantly different from consumption in winter. Some households perpetually used more wood than others. The study further showed that harvesting of wood for fuel energy is not opportunistic, but requires reallocation of time for other livelihood activities in times of shortage. The fuelwood crisis is not simple and not only about shortage of fuelwood and/or population growth but linked to household profiles and other livelihood strategies and subsequently vulnerability of households. These would require thorough investigation and understanding in relation to precise demand and supply data for fuelwood before the fuelwood problem can be sufficiently managed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Dovie, Delali B K , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181402 , vital:43730 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000033597.34013.9f"
- Description: The aim of the paper is to examine wood as a source of fuel energy in rural South Africa and factors influencing its usage. The analysis is based on household profiles and characteristics (e.g., gender, caste, population and income) in a livelihood framework. Fuelwood consumption was estimated to be 692 kg/capita, and 4343 kg/user household per annum, valued at $311 per household. Consumption was modelled in relation to informal and formal cash incomes, and population of children, female and male adults. However, only the population of female adults could significantly influence consumption of fuelwood. This implied that where there were more women in a household, consumption was likely to be high. This might be due to the majority of women doing the cooking and heating in the household. Any change in the value of cash income of households had no significant impacts on fuelwood consumed. Cash incomes might therefore not be strong determinants of the types of energy used by rural households. The average quantity of wood consumed for fuel energy in summer was not significantly different from consumption in winter. Some households perpetually used more wood than others. The study further showed that harvesting of wood for fuel energy is not opportunistic, but requires reallocation of time for other livelihood activities in times of shortage. The fuelwood crisis is not simple and not only about shortage of fuelwood and/or population growth but linked to household profiles and other livelihood strategies and subsequently vulnerability of households. These would require thorough investigation and understanding in relation to precise demand and supply data for fuelwood before the fuelwood problem can be sufficiently managed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Changes in energy use patterns in the Bushbuckridge Lowveld of the Limpopo Province, South Africa: eleven years on
- Authors: Madubansi, Mainza
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Energy consumption -- South Africa -- Limpopo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4756 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007139 , Energy consumption -- South Africa -- Limpopo
- Description: This research reports on the energy transition that has taken place in the Bushbuckridge district between 1991 and 2002. It is a follow up to a similar study that was done in 1991 investigating a number of aspects of energy use. It uses the 1991 study as a baseline and aims to explore how the passage of time, growth of the local population and changes in incomes and the availability of fuels have affected the patterns of fuel use in the region in the past eleven years. A structured interview approach was used for most aspects of the study. The interview schedule included sections on types, amounts and reasons for use and non-use of 13 different energy sources as well as data on income levels, household size and other economic parameters. Analysis of the consumption patterns of the different fuel types revealed that between the two survey periods, households in the sample settlements went through some pronounced changes in patterns of fuel use, particularly those that had acquired electricity. The introduction of electricity in the region had certainly played a major role in spurring the energy transition. Fuels that were previously used for lighting, powering entertainment appliances and refrigeration had been displaced by electricity. In terms of cooking and other thermal application, however, the vast majority of households in all the sample settlements continued using fuelwood and complemented it to a lesser extent with paraffin and electricity. In both surveys, the use or non-use of available fuels in the region was influenced by several factors. Common reasons for non-use of certain fuel types included expense, lack of appliances, the risk involved in using such fuels and the preference for other fuels. Reasons for use were mainly related to the low cost of the fuel and the fuel’s ability to meet particular end uses. Although incomes in the region had increased between 1991 and 2002, they were still below the poverty line. Activities from which households obtained their income remained the same. Old age pension, migrant wages and the informal sector remained the largest contributors of income to most households. Other indicators of relative wealth and poverty, like ownership of vehicles, bicycles and beds remained the same.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Madubansi, Mainza
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Energy consumption -- South Africa -- Limpopo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4756 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007139 , Energy consumption -- South Africa -- Limpopo
- Description: This research reports on the energy transition that has taken place in the Bushbuckridge district between 1991 and 2002. It is a follow up to a similar study that was done in 1991 investigating a number of aspects of energy use. It uses the 1991 study as a baseline and aims to explore how the passage of time, growth of the local population and changes in incomes and the availability of fuels have affected the patterns of fuel use in the region in the past eleven years. A structured interview approach was used for most aspects of the study. The interview schedule included sections on types, amounts and reasons for use and non-use of 13 different energy sources as well as data on income levels, household size and other economic parameters. Analysis of the consumption patterns of the different fuel types revealed that between the two survey periods, households in the sample settlements went through some pronounced changes in patterns of fuel use, particularly those that had acquired electricity. The introduction of electricity in the region had certainly played a major role in spurring the energy transition. Fuels that were previously used for lighting, powering entertainment appliances and refrigeration had been displaced by electricity. In terms of cooking and other thermal application, however, the vast majority of households in all the sample settlements continued using fuelwood and complemented it to a lesser extent with paraffin and electricity. In both surveys, the use or non-use of available fuels in the region was influenced by several factors. Common reasons for non-use of certain fuel types included expense, lack of appliances, the risk involved in using such fuels and the preference for other fuels. Reasons for use were mainly related to the low cost of the fuel and the fuel’s ability to meet particular end uses. Although incomes in the region had increased between 1991 and 2002, they were still below the poverty line. Activities from which households obtained their income remained the same. Old age pension, migrant wages and the informal sector remained the largest contributors of income to most households. Other indicators of relative wealth and poverty, like ownership of vehicles, bicycles and beds remained the same.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Changes in fuelwood use and selection following electrification in the Bushbuckridge lowveld, South Africa
- Madubansi, Mainza, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Madubansi, Mainza , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6641 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006867
- Description: Fuelwood is the primary energy source for domestic purposes throughout the developing world, in both urban and rural environments. Due to the detrimental impacts of biomass use on human and environmental health, many governments have sought to reduce its use through provision of potentially cleaner energies, of which electricity is the dominant form. Yet there are surprisingly few studies of changes in fuelwood use following the introduction of electricity, especially in rural areas of Africa. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of fuelwood use, using identical approaches, in five rural villages in the Bushbuckridge region of South Africa, spanning the period over which electricity became widely available. Almost a decade after the introduction of electricity, over 90% of households still used fuelwood for thermal purposes, especially cooking, and the mean household consumption rates over the 11-year period had not changed, even with a policy of 6 kWh per month of free electricity. The proportion of households purchasing fuelwood had increased, probably in response to a number of factors, including (i) increased fuelwood scarcity in the local environment as reflected by increased fuelwood collection times, changes in fuelwood species preferences, and ranking of scarcity by local collectors, and (ii) increases in the price of fuelwood well below that of other fuels and the prevailing inflation rate. Overall, there was an increase in the number of species harvested over the 11-year period. The implications of these findings for rural energy provision are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Madubansi, Mainza , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6641 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006867
- Description: Fuelwood is the primary energy source for domestic purposes throughout the developing world, in both urban and rural environments. Due to the detrimental impacts of biomass use on human and environmental health, many governments have sought to reduce its use through provision of potentially cleaner energies, of which electricity is the dominant form. Yet there are surprisingly few studies of changes in fuelwood use following the introduction of electricity, especially in rural areas of Africa. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of fuelwood use, using identical approaches, in five rural villages in the Bushbuckridge region of South Africa, spanning the period over which electricity became widely available. Almost a decade after the introduction of electricity, over 90% of households still used fuelwood for thermal purposes, especially cooking, and the mean household consumption rates over the 11-year period had not changed, even with a policy of 6 kWh per month of free electricity. The proportion of households purchasing fuelwood had increased, probably in response to a number of factors, including (i) increased fuelwood scarcity in the local environment as reflected by increased fuelwood collection times, changes in fuelwood species preferences, and ranking of scarcity by local collectors, and (ii) increases in the price of fuelwood well below that of other fuels and the prevailing inflation rate. Overall, there was an increase in the number of species harvested over the 11-year period. The implications of these findings for rural energy provision are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
The Sound of Africa: The Three High Commission Territories Series No.2, The music of Bechuanaland
- Authors: Tracey, Hugh
- Subjects: Singing , Bechuaunaland , Desert , Mafikeng , Rain , Drought , Rain song , Pula , Khanye , Tswana , Cattle , Cattle raiding , Lion , Chanting , Clans , History , Basutoland , Khama , Praise verse , Initiation ceremony , Secret , Sacred , Girls‘ initiation ceremony , Straw masks , Rolong , Blankets , Knopkierie , Shaved head , Red face , Tortoises , Liver , Wood cutting , Pina dance , Party dance , Beer , Drinking , Grunting , Honey bear , Choir , One good turn deserves another , Choral singing , Colonialism , Hymn , Pipes , Reed , Leopard , Morals , Children , Lion hunting song , Khama‘s country , Ishetlhana , Beer drinking song , Nagogwe me leseng , He ga re a nmwa ke nkgana
- Language: English
- Type: Sound , Radio broadcast , Music
- Identifier: vital:15093 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008521 , Reel number: BC114, BC115, BC116
- Description: 2nd of 4 of ‘The Three High Commission Territories‘ of ‘The Sound of Africa‘ Series of illustrated talks by Hugh Tracey on his travels in search of African music, broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation , Feature programm for the BBC , For further details refer to the ILAM Document Collection: Hugh Tracey Broadcasts
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Tracey, Hugh
- Subjects: Singing , Bechuaunaland , Desert , Mafikeng , Rain , Drought , Rain song , Pula , Khanye , Tswana , Cattle , Cattle raiding , Lion , Chanting , Clans , History , Basutoland , Khama , Praise verse , Initiation ceremony , Secret , Sacred , Girls‘ initiation ceremony , Straw masks , Rolong , Blankets , Knopkierie , Shaved head , Red face , Tortoises , Liver , Wood cutting , Pina dance , Party dance , Beer , Drinking , Grunting , Honey bear , Choir , One good turn deserves another , Choral singing , Colonialism , Hymn , Pipes , Reed , Leopard , Morals , Children , Lion hunting song , Khama‘s country , Ishetlhana , Beer drinking song , Nagogwe me leseng , He ga re a nmwa ke nkgana
- Language: English
- Type: Sound , Radio broadcast , Music
- Identifier: vital:15093 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008521 , Reel number: BC114, BC115, BC116
- Description: 2nd of 4 of ‘The Three High Commission Territories‘ of ‘The Sound of Africa‘ Series of illustrated talks by Hugh Tracey on his travels in search of African music, broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation , Feature programm for the BBC , For further details refer to the ILAM Document Collection: Hugh Tracey Broadcasts
- Full Text: false
Humula
- Kabyoma Mashulamo, Hugh Tracey
- Authors: Kabyoma Mashulamo , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Music--Uganda , Haya (African people) , Nyoro (African people) , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania / Uganda Bukoba f-tz / f-ug
- Language: Nyoro , Haya
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172120 , vital:42163 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR145-01
- Description: "Do not be worried, chief, be calm. We will look after you and make you a good chief." The tuning of this deep bass zither is as follows:- 152, 136, 126. 118, 105, 101, 93 vs. The deep drawing in of breath of this old performer can be clearly heard throughout the recording. The trough zithers are like long bowls of wood with the strings stretched along over the hollow of the highest note downwards, the friction of the string caught in slits at either end of the trough is enough to retain the tuning for quite a while before returning is necessary. The structure if the phrasing of the accompaniment can be well observed in this recording. Praise song for chief with Nanga trough zither, 7 notes.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Kabyoma Mashulamo , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Music--Uganda , Haya (African people) , Nyoro (African people) , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Tanzania / Uganda Bukoba f-tz / f-ug
- Language: Nyoro , Haya
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172120 , vital:42163 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR145-01
- Description: "Do not be worried, chief, be calm. We will look after you and make you a good chief." The tuning of this deep bass zither is as follows:- 152, 136, 126. 118, 105, 101, 93 vs. The deep drawing in of breath of this old performer can be clearly heard throughout the recording. The trough zithers are like long bowls of wood with the strings stretched along over the hollow of the highest note downwards, the friction of the string caught in slits at either end of the trough is enough to retain the tuning for quite a while before returning is necessary. The structure if the phrasing of the accompaniment can be well observed in this recording. Praise song for chief with Nanga trough zither, 7 notes.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1950
Mbuti drum rhythm
- Mbuti Pygmy men and women, Hugh Tracey
- Authors: Mbuti Pygmy men and women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1952
- Subjects: Songs, Swahili , Mbuti (African people) , Swahili-speaking peoples , Pygmies , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Democratic Republic of Congo Gombari f-cg
- Language: Congo Swahili
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168268 , vital:41558 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR0125-14
- Description: The Pygmies of the forest borrow the instruments of the Bantu people outside. They have few if any instruments of their own. The slit drum was beautifully proportioned, semi-circular in shape, 41" across the diameter and 3" broad. The slit was 1" across and was carved out a hole through it to act as an insulating foot while playing or a handle to bang it up by. It is called Ndundu. The two conical drums were called Gude and were the usual laced drums of the district and measured 22" x 13" head and 30" x 8" head. Both made of very light wood. Conical laced drums, 1 semi-circular slit drum and basket rattle.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1952
- Authors: Mbuti Pygmy men and women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1952
- Subjects: Songs, Swahili , Mbuti (African people) , Swahili-speaking peoples , Pygmies , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Democratic Republic of Congo Gombari f-cg
- Language: Congo Swahili
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168268 , vital:41558 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR0125-14
- Description: The Pygmies of the forest borrow the instruments of the Bantu people outside. They have few if any instruments of their own. The slit drum was beautifully proportioned, semi-circular in shape, 41" across the diameter and 3" broad. The slit was 1" across and was carved out a hole through it to act as an insulating foot while playing or a handle to bang it up by. It is called Ndundu. The two conical drums were called Gude and were the usual laced drums of the district and measured 22" x 13" head and 30" x 8" head. Both made of very light wood. Conical laced drums, 1 semi-circular slit drum and basket rattle.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1952
Kapinga yamba (If this man wants something to sit on, he must sit on the knees of somebody else)
- Marcel Mwiyaya and large group of Lulua men and women, Hugh Tracey
- Authors: Marcel Mwiyaya and large group of Lulua men and women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1957
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Luba-Lulua , Luba (African people)--Music , Cultural anthropology , Luba-Lulua language , Africa Democratic Republic of Congo Kasai f-cg
- Language: Luba/Lulua
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/136948 , vital:37471 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR035-04
- Description: The mirlitons on the gourds of these xylophones are on nipples inserted into the sides of the gourd-on a pece of gourd neck and fastened with wax. Kushemashi dance with 2 xylophones, 2 goblet drums, closed, weighted, pinned with mirlitons and hand beaten, and 1 ligazi basket rattle, 1 whistle and tapped wood.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1957
- Authors: Marcel Mwiyaya and large group of Lulua men and women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1957
- Subjects: Folk music--Africa , Songs, Luba-Lulua , Luba (African people)--Music , Cultural anthropology , Luba-Lulua language , Africa Democratic Republic of Congo Kasai f-cg
- Language: Luba/Lulua
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/136948 , vital:37471 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR035-04
- Description: The mirlitons on the gourds of these xylophones are on nipples inserted into the sides of the gourd-on a pece of gourd neck and fastened with wax. Kushemashi dance with 2 xylophones, 2 goblet drums, closed, weighted, pinned with mirlitons and hand beaten, and 1 ligazi basket rattle, 1 whistle and tapped wood.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1957
Mbuti dance
- Mbuti Pygmy men and women, Hugh Tracey
- Authors: Mbuti Pygmy men and women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1952
- Subjects: Songs, Swahili , Mbuti (African people) , Swahili-speaking peoples , Pygmies , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Democratic Republic of Congo Gombari f-cg
- Language: Congo Swahili
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168259 , vital:41557 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR0125-13
- Description: The Pygmies of the forest borrow the instruments of the Bantu people outside. They have few if any instruments of their own. The slit drum was beautifully proportioned, semi-circular in shape, 41" across the diameter and 3" broad. The slit was 1" across and was carved out a hole through it to act as an insulating foot while playing or a handle to bang it up by. It is called Ndundu. The two conical drums were called Gude and were the usual laced drums of the district and measured 22" x 13" head and 30" x 8" head. Both made of very light wood. Conical laced drums, 1 semi-circular slit drum and basket rattle.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1952
- Authors: Mbuti Pygmy men and women , Hugh Tracey
- Date: 1952
- Subjects: Songs, Swahili , Mbuti (African people) , Swahili-speaking peoples , Pygmies , Folk music , Field recordings , Africa, Sub-Saharan , Africa Democratic Republic of Congo Gombari f-cg
- Language: Congo Swahili
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168259 , vital:41557 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , TR0125-13
- Description: The Pygmies of the forest borrow the instruments of the Bantu people outside. They have few if any instruments of their own. The slit drum was beautifully proportioned, semi-circular in shape, 41" across the diameter and 3" broad. The slit was 1" across and was carved out a hole through it to act as an insulating foot while playing or a handle to bang it up by. It is called Ndundu. The two conical drums were called Gude and were the usual laced drums of the district and measured 22" x 13" head and 30" x 8" head. Both made of very light wood. Conical laced drums, 1 semi-circular slit drum and basket rattle.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1952