Developmental and reproductive performance of a specialist herbivore depend on seasonality of, and light conditions experienced by, the host plant
- Zachariades, Uyi O O,, Heshula, Lelethu U P, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Zachariades, Uyi O O, , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59845 , vital:27667 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190700
- Description: Host plant phenology (as influenced by seasonality) and light-mediated changes in the phenotypic and phytochemical properties of leaves have been hypothesised to equivocally influence insect herbivore performance. Here, we examined the effects of seasonality, through host plant phenology (late growth-season = autumn vs flowering-season = winter) and light environment (shade vs full-sun habitat) on the leaf characteristics of the invasive alien plant, Chromolaena odorata. In addition, the performance of a specialist folivore, Pareuchaetes insulata, feeding on leaves obtained from both shaded and full-sun habitats during autumn and winter, was evaluated over two generations. Foliar nitrogen and magnesium contents were generally higher in shaded plants with much higher levels during winter. Leaf water content was higher in shaded and in autumn plants. Total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) and phosphorus contents did not differ as a function of season, but were higher in shaded foliage compared to full-sun leaves. Leaf toughness was noticeably higher on plants growing in full-sun during winter. With the exception of shaded leaves in autumn that supported the best performance [fastest development, heaviest pupal mass, and highest growth rate and Host Suitability Index (HSI) score], full-sun foliage in autumn surprisingly also supported an improved performance of the moth compared to shaded or full-sun leaves in winter. Our findings suggest that shaded and autumn foliage are nutritionally more suitable for the growth and reproduction of P. insulata. However, the heavier pupal mass, increased number of eggs and higher HSI score in individuals that fed on full-sun foliage in autumn compared to their counterparts that fed on shaded or full-sun foliage in winter suggest that full-sun foliage during autumn is also a suitable food source for larvae of the moth. In sum, our study demonstrates that seasonal and light-modulated changes in leaf characteristics can affect insect folivore performance in ways that are not linear.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Zachariades, Uyi O O, , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59845 , vital:27667 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190700
- Description: Host plant phenology (as influenced by seasonality) and light-mediated changes in the phenotypic and phytochemical properties of leaves have been hypothesised to equivocally influence insect herbivore performance. Here, we examined the effects of seasonality, through host plant phenology (late growth-season = autumn vs flowering-season = winter) and light environment (shade vs full-sun habitat) on the leaf characteristics of the invasive alien plant, Chromolaena odorata. In addition, the performance of a specialist folivore, Pareuchaetes insulata, feeding on leaves obtained from both shaded and full-sun habitats during autumn and winter, was evaluated over two generations. Foliar nitrogen and magnesium contents were generally higher in shaded plants with much higher levels during winter. Leaf water content was higher in shaded and in autumn plants. Total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) and phosphorus contents did not differ as a function of season, but were higher in shaded foliage compared to full-sun leaves. Leaf toughness was noticeably higher on plants growing in full-sun during winter. With the exception of shaded leaves in autumn that supported the best performance [fastest development, heaviest pupal mass, and highest growth rate and Host Suitability Index (HSI) score], full-sun foliage in autumn surprisingly also supported an improved performance of the moth compared to shaded or full-sun leaves in winter. Our findings suggest that shaded and autumn foliage are nutritionally more suitable for the growth and reproduction of P. insulata. However, the heavier pupal mass, increased number of eggs and higher HSI score in individuals that fed on full-sun foliage in autumn compared to their counterparts that fed on shaded or full-sun foliage in winter suggest that full-sun foliage during autumn is also a suitable food source for larvae of the moth. In sum, our study demonstrates that seasonal and light-modulated changes in leaf characteristics can affect insect folivore performance in ways that are not linear.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
“If I don’t take my treatment, I will die and who will take care of my child?”: An investigation into an inclusive community-led approach to addressing the barriers to HIV treatment adherence by postpartum women living with HIV
- Authors: Pepper, Katy
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426441 , vital:72353 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271294"
- Description: Initiatives to support adherence to HIV treatment in South Africa are often centred on service delivery thereby avoiding key challenges to adherence: stigma and poverty. In contrast, this study aims to demonstrate the strength of an inclusive research and programme approach to improving the lives of people living with HIV and simultaneously ARV adherence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Pepper, Katy
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426441 , vital:72353 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271294"
- Description: Initiatives to support adherence to HIV treatment in South Africa are often centred on service delivery thereby avoiding key challenges to adherence: stigma and poverty. In contrast, this study aims to demonstrate the strength of an inclusive research and programme approach to improving the lives of people living with HIV and simultaneously ARV adherence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
The contribution of urban agriculture to food sovereignty and household food security in Lingelihle
- Authors: Buso, Lelethu
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food sovereignty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Urban agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53834 , vital:46005
- Description: Most urban households in South Africa are food insecure even though poor households spend 60–80% of their income on food. Most of these households are low-income households who depend on social grants and whose main source of food are markets. This research assessed the contribution of urban agriculture to food sovereignty and household food security in Lingelihle Township, Cradock, in the Chris Hani district, South Africa. The research data were collected both from households that practise farming in Lingelihle Township and those that do not. The study used Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods such as observation, transect walks, resource mapping, food consumption diaries, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews to collect data. The research findings revealed that urban agriculture has the potential to contribute to achieving food sovereignty and household food security. The comparison between households that farm and households that do not farm proved that households that farm are more food secure and have more disposable income than households that do not farm. The study offers recommendations on how urban agriculture can be supported to contribute to household food security and food sovereignty. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Buso, Lelethu
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food sovereignty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Urban agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53834 , vital:46005
- Description: Most urban households in South Africa are food insecure even though poor households spend 60–80% of their income on food. Most of these households are low-income households who depend on social grants and whose main source of food are markets. This research assessed the contribution of urban agriculture to food sovereignty and household food security in Lingelihle Township, Cradock, in the Chris Hani district, South Africa. The research data were collected both from households that practise farming in Lingelihle Township and those that do not. The study used Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods such as observation, transect walks, resource mapping, food consumption diaries, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews to collect data. The research findings revealed that urban agriculture has the potential to contribute to achieving food sovereignty and household food security. The comparison between households that farm and households that do not farm proved that households that farm are more food secure and have more disposable income than households that do not farm. The study offers recommendations on how urban agriculture can be supported to contribute to household food security and food sovereignty. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Re-adjustment of masculinities and sexualities amongst first year male students at Rhodes University in the wake of the residence Consent Talk’s programme
- Authors: Ntisana, Thulani
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Communication in higher education - South Africa -- Makhanda , Rape in universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Masculinity -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Social life and customs -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Conduct of life -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Men -- Identity , Male domination (Social structure) , Patriarchy -- South Africa , Women -- Violence against -- South Africa , Social problems -- South Africa , Consent Talks , #RUreferencelist
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148956 , vital:38790
- Description: This study seeks to understand how Rhodes University first-year male students adjusted and re-adjusted their masculinities and sexualities in light of the Consent Talk programme offered by the university, the aim of which is to liberate masculinities and femininities from patriarchal and dominant discourses. In the past 26 years, South Africa has seen an increase in academic research establishing causal links between boys, men, masculinities and a number of social ills such as the HIV/AIDs epidemic, violence against women, substance abuse, homophobia, gender-based violence and a lower pass rate amongst boys. This in turn inspired an increase in interventions seeking to involve boys and men in order to identify and address their role in combating gender based violence. These various forms of social deviances that have been linked to masculinity have indicated that young men's masculinity is in crisis and as a result needs great attention in order to address the social issues linked to them. Institutions of higher learning have proven to be microcosms of the larger society. Universities have become highly sexualised spaces; coercive sexual practices in heterosexual relationships are a norm, young women don't feel safe and have lost confidence in universities addressing their concerns. With the emergence of the #RUreferencelist in 2016, the spotlight fell on Rhodes University; young women challenged the rape culture and sexual assaults on campus. In 2016, staff members who are well-informed and educated on issues of gender, sexuality and rape initiated discussions with students in their residences; these discussions were later to be called the Consent Talks. This research makes use of Pierre Bourdieu’s critical theory in understanding how young men negotiate their masculinity within the field of higher education, at Rhodes University. Bourdieu’s three main concepts, field, habitus and capital are used to describe how young men negotiate their masculinity and how the field of gender intersects with the field of higher education. A qualitative paradigm has been employed. The study has collected data through the use of in-depth interviews to get a richer insight into the participants’ perspectives. There were 15 interviews conducted in total for this study, 14 were with first year male students, and one with a senior official of the University. The data was analysed through a qualitative thematic analysis. The findings of the research reveal that some of the participants were exposed to patriarchal and dominant forms of masculinity when growing up. However, most of the participants revealed they were also exposed to alternative masculinities. These were either taught or learnt at home, from family members, circumcision school, church or peers in society. Both the dominant and alternative masculinities were revealed in the discourses of what it means to be a man and in how the young men performed their masculinities. Furthermore, one of the major themes that emerged was that most of the young men in the study were raised by single mothers with mothers playing a significant role in encouraging healthy masculinities. The findings went on to reveal that families (mothers, fathers, older siblings and culture) play a role in socialising and shaping healthy masculinities. The acceptance or rejection of either dominant or alternative masculinities was influenced by an exposure to an environment that either encouraged or shunned either dominant or alternative masculinities. The findings further unveils that different societies are strongly identified with their own definitions of what it means to be a man and are not open to other definitions of masculinity. Moreover, most of the participants accepted the content of what was taught in the Consent Talks; however sought healthy participation, interaction and inclusion of female students. Lastly, the study has also revealed that knowledge of the consequences of breaking (the law) university’s policy does affect some change of behaviour in potential perpetrators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ntisana, Thulani
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Communication in higher education - South Africa -- Makhanda , Rape in universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Masculinity -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Social life and customs -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Conduct of life -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Men -- Identity , Male domination (Social structure) , Patriarchy -- South Africa , Women -- Violence against -- South Africa , Social problems -- South Africa , Consent Talks , #RUreferencelist
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148956 , vital:38790
- Description: This study seeks to understand how Rhodes University first-year male students adjusted and re-adjusted their masculinities and sexualities in light of the Consent Talk programme offered by the university, the aim of which is to liberate masculinities and femininities from patriarchal and dominant discourses. In the past 26 years, South Africa has seen an increase in academic research establishing causal links between boys, men, masculinities and a number of social ills such as the HIV/AIDs epidemic, violence against women, substance abuse, homophobia, gender-based violence and a lower pass rate amongst boys. This in turn inspired an increase in interventions seeking to involve boys and men in order to identify and address their role in combating gender based violence. These various forms of social deviances that have been linked to masculinity have indicated that young men's masculinity is in crisis and as a result needs great attention in order to address the social issues linked to them. Institutions of higher learning have proven to be microcosms of the larger society. Universities have become highly sexualised spaces; coercive sexual practices in heterosexual relationships are a norm, young women don't feel safe and have lost confidence in universities addressing their concerns. With the emergence of the #RUreferencelist in 2016, the spotlight fell on Rhodes University; young women challenged the rape culture and sexual assaults on campus. In 2016, staff members who are well-informed and educated on issues of gender, sexuality and rape initiated discussions with students in their residences; these discussions were later to be called the Consent Talks. This research makes use of Pierre Bourdieu’s critical theory in understanding how young men negotiate their masculinity within the field of higher education, at Rhodes University. Bourdieu’s three main concepts, field, habitus and capital are used to describe how young men negotiate their masculinity and how the field of gender intersects with the field of higher education. A qualitative paradigm has been employed. The study has collected data through the use of in-depth interviews to get a richer insight into the participants’ perspectives. There were 15 interviews conducted in total for this study, 14 were with first year male students, and one with a senior official of the University. The data was analysed through a qualitative thematic analysis. The findings of the research reveal that some of the participants were exposed to patriarchal and dominant forms of masculinity when growing up. However, most of the participants revealed they were also exposed to alternative masculinities. These were either taught or learnt at home, from family members, circumcision school, church or peers in society. Both the dominant and alternative masculinities were revealed in the discourses of what it means to be a man and in how the young men performed their masculinities. Furthermore, one of the major themes that emerged was that most of the young men in the study were raised by single mothers with mothers playing a significant role in encouraging healthy masculinities. The findings went on to reveal that families (mothers, fathers, older siblings and culture) play a role in socialising and shaping healthy masculinities. The acceptance or rejection of either dominant or alternative masculinities was influenced by an exposure to an environment that either encouraged or shunned either dominant or alternative masculinities. The findings further unveils that different societies are strongly identified with their own definitions of what it means to be a man and are not open to other definitions of masculinity. Moreover, most of the participants accepted the content of what was taught in the Consent Talks; however sought healthy participation, interaction and inclusion of female students. Lastly, the study has also revealed that knowledge of the consequences of breaking (the law) university’s policy does affect some change of behaviour in potential perpetrators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A discourse of disconnect : young people from the Eastern Cape talk about the failure of adult communications to provide habitable sexual subject positions
- Jearey-Graham, Nicola, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: Jearey-Graham, Nicola , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6308 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018864 , http://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC171669
- Description: Face-to-face adult communication with young people about sexuality is, for the most part, assigned to two main groups of people: educators tasked with teaching schoolbased sexuality education that is provided as part of the compulsory Life Orientation (LO) learning area, and parents. In this paper, we report on a study conducted with Further Education and Training College students in an Eastern Cape town. Using a discursive psychology lens, we analysed data from, first, a written question on what participants remember being taught about sexuality in LO classes and, second, focus group discussions held with mixed and same-sex groups. Discussions were structured around the sexualities of high school learners and the LO sexuality education that participants received at high school. We highlight participants’ common deployment of a ‘discourse of disconnect’ in their talk. In this discourse, the messages of ‘risk’ and ‘responsibility’ contained in adult face-to-face communications, by both parents and LO teachers, are depicted as being delivered through inadequate or nonrelational styles of communication, and as largely irrelevant to participants’ lives. Neither of these sources of communication was seen as understanding the realities of youth sexualities or as creating habitable or performable sexual subject positions. The dominance of this ‘discourse of disconnect’ has implications for how sexuality education and parent communication interventions are conducted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Jearey-Graham, Nicola , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6308 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018864 , http://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC171669
- Description: Face-to-face adult communication with young people about sexuality is, for the most part, assigned to two main groups of people: educators tasked with teaching schoolbased sexuality education that is provided as part of the compulsory Life Orientation (LO) learning area, and parents. In this paper, we report on a study conducted with Further Education and Training College students in an Eastern Cape town. Using a discursive psychology lens, we analysed data from, first, a written question on what participants remember being taught about sexuality in LO classes and, second, focus group discussions held with mixed and same-sex groups. Discussions were structured around the sexualities of high school learners and the LO sexuality education that participants received at high school. We highlight participants’ common deployment of a ‘discourse of disconnect’ in their talk. In this discourse, the messages of ‘risk’ and ‘responsibility’ contained in adult face-to-face communications, by both parents and LO teachers, are depicted as being delivered through inadequate or nonrelational styles of communication, and as largely irrelevant to participants’ lives. Neither of these sources of communication was seen as understanding the realities of youth sexualities or as creating habitable or performable sexual subject positions. The dominance of this ‘discourse of disconnect’ has implications for how sexuality education and parent communication interventions are conducted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Load shedding and performance of small-scale resturants in Mthatha, South Africa
- Authors: Matangayi, Lelethu
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Economics and commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10346 , vital:74969
- Description: Small businesses in South Africa are recognized for creating jobs and increasing economic growth. Ever since South Africa experienced load shedding in 2008, small businesses, especially those in the restaurant sector, have been hugely affected by load shedding as they heavily rely on electricity for most of their business operations. Load shedding results in a loss of sales and a decrease in productivity, which reduces their profitability and eventually, sustainability. The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which load shedding affects the performance of small-scale restaurants in Mthatha, South Africa. A positivist research paradigm was adopted for the study, which was anchored on a quantitative approach using an explanatory research design. A fully structured self-administered questionnaire was sent to 53 small-scale restaurant owners or managers and 51 responded. Data analyzed using SmartPLS4 revealed that load shedding has a negative but insignificant impact on both the profitability and productivity of small-scale restaurants. Based on the results load shedding does not impact the performance of small-scale restaurants in Mthatha as both performance proxies showed a statistically insignificant impact. Looking at the current situation of electricity in South Africa, things are getting worse as it is common for Mthatha people to go the entire day without electricity. This study helps in identifying the extent of the effects load shedding has on small-scale restaurants. This study adds to the findings of prior research on the effects of load shedding on the performance of small-scale restaurants and the study contributed to the body of iii knowledge on the effects of load shedding on the performance of small-scale restaurants and mitigates on existing literature gap where the populace is not aware of the extent to which load shedding has affected the performance of small-scale restaurants. , Faculty of Economics and Financial Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Matangayi, Lelethu
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Economics and commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10346 , vital:74969
- Description: Small businesses in South Africa are recognized for creating jobs and increasing economic growth. Ever since South Africa experienced load shedding in 2008, small businesses, especially those in the restaurant sector, have been hugely affected by load shedding as they heavily rely on electricity for most of their business operations. Load shedding results in a loss of sales and a decrease in productivity, which reduces their profitability and eventually, sustainability. The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which load shedding affects the performance of small-scale restaurants in Mthatha, South Africa. A positivist research paradigm was adopted for the study, which was anchored on a quantitative approach using an explanatory research design. A fully structured self-administered questionnaire was sent to 53 small-scale restaurant owners or managers and 51 responded. Data analyzed using SmartPLS4 revealed that load shedding has a negative but insignificant impact on both the profitability and productivity of small-scale restaurants. Based on the results load shedding does not impact the performance of small-scale restaurants in Mthatha as both performance proxies showed a statistically insignificant impact. Looking at the current situation of electricity in South Africa, things are getting worse as it is common for Mthatha people to go the entire day without electricity. This study helps in identifying the extent of the effects load shedding has on small-scale restaurants. This study adds to the findings of prior research on the effects of load shedding on the performance of small-scale restaurants and the study contributed to the body of iii knowledge on the effects of load shedding on the performance of small-scale restaurants and mitigates on existing literature gap where the populace is not aware of the extent to which load shedding has affected the performance of small-scale restaurants. , Faculty of Economics and Financial Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
Lived experiences of people living with HIV and hypertension with regard to disease management in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Tokwe, Lwandile
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Hypertension -- South Africa -- Treatment Chronic diseases -- Treatment Patient compliance Public health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43765 , vital:37045
- Description: Globally, approximately 36.9 million people in 2017 were reported to be living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) across the world. In South Africa, 7.52 million people in 2018 were reported to be living with HIV. In light of the increased life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLWH), which is attributed by availability and enrolment to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) compound the management of HIV in PLWH. South Africa is encountering a burden of communicable diseases and NCDs, in particular, the co-morbidity of HIV and hypertension (HTN). The aim of the study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of people living with HIV and HTN with regard to disease management in the Eastern Cape. Qualitative research design was used and amongst its methods, Husserl’s descriptive phenomenological method was utilized to explore the lived experiences of the participants. The Health Belief model was the theoretical framework that underpinned the study. The study was conducted at Sakhisizwe sub-district located in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The target population were adults living with HIV and HTN who were accessing care from Primary Health Care (PHC) clinics and who met the researcher’s inclusion criteria. A purposive sampling method was used and nine participants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using Giorgi’s (1985) phenomenological method of data analysis which facilitated the emergence of the themes from the data. Four themes and 14 subthemes emerged. The participants reported that they experienced illness-related stigma, support of different influential people, self-love in the form of taking ownership of the diseases, experience of creating self-care practices and transforming lifestyle modification behaviours. Recommendations for clinical practice were made to support the professional nurses in the management of the HIV and HTN in the PHC setting. The study findings reflected the lived experiences of the patients of the selected setting and was conducted only in one province rather than in the entire South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Tokwe, Lwandile
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Hypertension -- South Africa -- Treatment Chronic diseases -- Treatment Patient compliance Public health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43765 , vital:37045
- Description: Globally, approximately 36.9 million people in 2017 were reported to be living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) across the world. In South Africa, 7.52 million people in 2018 were reported to be living with HIV. In light of the increased life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLWH), which is attributed by availability and enrolment to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) compound the management of HIV in PLWH. South Africa is encountering a burden of communicable diseases and NCDs, in particular, the co-morbidity of HIV and hypertension (HTN). The aim of the study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of people living with HIV and HTN with regard to disease management in the Eastern Cape. Qualitative research design was used and amongst its methods, Husserl’s descriptive phenomenological method was utilized to explore the lived experiences of the participants. The Health Belief model was the theoretical framework that underpinned the study. The study was conducted at Sakhisizwe sub-district located in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The target population were adults living with HIV and HTN who were accessing care from Primary Health Care (PHC) clinics and who met the researcher’s inclusion criteria. A purposive sampling method was used and nine participants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using Giorgi’s (1985) phenomenological method of data analysis which facilitated the emergence of the themes from the data. Four themes and 14 subthemes emerged. The participants reported that they experienced illness-related stigma, support of different influential people, self-love in the form of taking ownership of the diseases, experience of creating self-care practices and transforming lifestyle modification behaviours. Recommendations for clinical practice were made to support the professional nurses in the management of the HIV and HTN in the PHC setting. The study findings reflected the lived experiences of the patients of the selected setting and was conducted only in one province rather than in the entire South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The effect of sap-sucking by Falconia intermedia (Hemiptera: Miridae) on the emission of volatile organic compounds from the leaves of Lantana camara varieties
- Heshula, Lelethu U P, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406141 , vital:70242 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC150957"
- Description: Evidence from more than 100 plant species has confirmed that plants emit volatile organic chemicals (VOC) in response to herbivory (Karban and Baldwin 1997; Dicke et al. 2003; Arimura et al. 2005). Feeding-induced plant responses may result in higher levels of volatiles, and different bouquets of compounds being emitted by plants following herbivore damage (Wei et al. 2006). The emission of volatile chemicals may be beneficial to plants in two ways; undamaged plants may interpret the chemical signals from damaged plants and in turn prime themselves for defence (Arimura et al. 2000; Dicke et al. 2003; Agrawal 2005), or volatiles emitted by damaged plants may attract natural enemies of the herbivores, which may reduce further damage to the plants (Tumlinson et al. 1993; De Moraes et al. 1998; Dicke and Vet 1999).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406141 , vital:70242 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC150957"
- Description: Evidence from more than 100 plant species has confirmed that plants emit volatile organic chemicals (VOC) in response to herbivory (Karban and Baldwin 1997; Dicke et al. 2003; Arimura et al. 2005). Feeding-induced plant responses may result in higher levels of volatiles, and different bouquets of compounds being emitted by plants following herbivore damage (Wei et al. 2006). The emission of volatile chemicals may be beneficial to plants in two ways; undamaged plants may interpret the chemical signals from damaged plants and in turn prime themselves for defence (Arimura et al. 2000; Dicke et al. 2003; Agrawal 2005), or volatiles emitted by damaged plants may attract natural enemies of the herbivores, which may reduce further damage to the plants (Tumlinson et al. 1993; De Moraes et al. 1998; Dicke and Vet 1999).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Rhodes University 2018 Graduation Ceremony: 1820 Settlers' National Monument, Friday, 6 April at 09:30
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64590 , vital:28563 , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_eNPkpqL8 , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNB6ZTKWmGw , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqz7OftlW7M , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALxeywz_eYs
- Description: Rhodes University 2018 Graduation Programme, 6 April at 09:30: Bachelor’s: Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Science (Information Systems),Bachelor of Science (Software Development) Honours: Bachelor of Science Honours. Doctorate: PhD in Science.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64590 , vital:28563 , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_eNPkpqL8 , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNB6ZTKWmGw , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqz7OftlW7M , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALxeywz_eYs
- Description: Rhodes University 2018 Graduation Programme, 6 April at 09:30: Bachelor’s: Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Science (Information Systems),Bachelor of Science (Software Development) Honours: Bachelor of Science Honours. Doctorate: PhD in Science.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A council of women
- Authors: Sobekwa, Lelethu Anathi
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435988 , vital:73218
- Description: This thesis comprises extracts of life writing written in short prose forms. The work reads like a novella and I have been inspired by Margaret Patton Chapman’s approach to the novella, where she condenses “the telling of a long story time wise”, so that a story occurring over two years can be told over two pages. The thesis explores relationships between mother, daughter, grandmother and granddaughter, each with different life experiences and each teaching the next generation about how to navigate life as politically, socially and economically disadvantaged women. I have also drawn inspiration from authors such as NoViolet Bulawayo who explores the hypocrisies of the church and the government in We Need New Names. In Kate Bernheimer’s “Fairy Tale is Form, Form is Fairy Tale” she writes about fairy tales adopting “intuitive logic” or telling in the form of “this happens and then this happens” while the explanation behind the events is not spelt out but rather exists between the lines. My thesis adopts this style of writing by allowing the reader to understand what is being said without over-simplifying. To this end, I have used the concept of place modelled on Es’kia Mphahlele’s In Corner B, where characters are inscribed in relation to the spaces they inhabit. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Sobekwa, Lelethu Anathi
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435988 , vital:73218
- Description: This thesis comprises extracts of life writing written in short prose forms. The work reads like a novella and I have been inspired by Margaret Patton Chapman’s approach to the novella, where she condenses “the telling of a long story time wise”, so that a story occurring over two years can be told over two pages. The thesis explores relationships between mother, daughter, grandmother and granddaughter, each with different life experiences and each teaching the next generation about how to navigate life as politically, socially and economically disadvantaged women. I have also drawn inspiration from authors such as NoViolet Bulawayo who explores the hypocrisies of the church and the government in We Need New Names. In Kate Bernheimer’s “Fairy Tale is Form, Form is Fairy Tale” she writes about fairy tales adopting “intuitive logic” or telling in the form of “this happens and then this happens” while the explanation behind the events is not spelt out but rather exists between the lines. My thesis adopts this style of writing by allowing the reader to understand what is being said without over-simplifying. To this end, I have used the concept of place modelled on Es’kia Mphahlele’s In Corner B, where characters are inscribed in relation to the spaces they inhabit. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
“It’s something you kind of get used to”: female academics at South African universities narrate their experiences of contrapower harassment
- Authors: Munyuki, Chipo Lidia
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Power (Social sciences) , Sex discrimination in higher education -- South Africa , Women college teachers -- South Africa , Sexual harassment in universities and colleges -- South Africa , Sexual harassment of women -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/92875 , vital:30758
- Description: Sexual harassment continues to be a pernicious problem in institutions of higher education globally and findings indicate that women are the main victims. Extant research has focused largely on experiences of sexual harassment on the part of students. Under-researched are the experiences of academics concerning what Benson (1984) terms “contrapower” harassment -- that is, harassment experienced by academics from subordinates such as students. South Africa’s Ministerial Committee on Transformation and Social Cohesion and the Elimination of Discrimination in Public Higher Education Institutions reported that there exists a culture of silencing around the prevalence of sexual harassment in higher education institutions in South Africa (Soudien Report 2008:37). The concept of power has been pointed out as central to understanding sexual harassment (Cleveland and Kerst 1993:49). Utilising three main constructs in Michel Foucault’s conception of power, namely the idea that power is ubiquitous and omnipresent in social relations; that power disciplines – creating docile bodies and the internalisation of self-regulation, and finally the idea that power is productive – power produces knowledge, truth and forms of resistance, I interpret the experiences of contrapower harassment in its sexual and non-sexual forms on the part of female academics at various universities in South Africa. Given that there is a paucity of qualitative research documenting experiences of contrapower harassment on the part of female academics, this thesis draws on 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with female academics at various South African universities who have experienced contrapower harassment from their students and subordinates at any point in their teaching careers. Their narrated experiences provide insight into the phenomenon of contrapower harassment. These insights provide a window into how female academics continue to experience themselves as being out of place in post-apartheid institutions that are expected to be accommodating of all.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Munyuki, Chipo Lidia
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Power (Social sciences) , Sex discrimination in higher education -- South Africa , Women college teachers -- South Africa , Sexual harassment in universities and colleges -- South Africa , Sexual harassment of women -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/92875 , vital:30758
- Description: Sexual harassment continues to be a pernicious problem in institutions of higher education globally and findings indicate that women are the main victims. Extant research has focused largely on experiences of sexual harassment on the part of students. Under-researched are the experiences of academics concerning what Benson (1984) terms “contrapower” harassment -- that is, harassment experienced by academics from subordinates such as students. South Africa’s Ministerial Committee on Transformation and Social Cohesion and the Elimination of Discrimination in Public Higher Education Institutions reported that there exists a culture of silencing around the prevalence of sexual harassment in higher education institutions in South Africa (Soudien Report 2008:37). The concept of power has been pointed out as central to understanding sexual harassment (Cleveland and Kerst 1993:49). Utilising three main constructs in Michel Foucault’s conception of power, namely the idea that power is ubiquitous and omnipresent in social relations; that power disciplines – creating docile bodies and the internalisation of self-regulation, and finally the idea that power is productive – power produces knowledge, truth and forms of resistance, I interpret the experiences of contrapower harassment in its sexual and non-sexual forms on the part of female academics at various universities in South Africa. Given that there is a paucity of qualitative research documenting experiences of contrapower harassment on the part of female academics, this thesis draws on 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with female academics at various South African universities who have experienced contrapower harassment from their students and subordinates at any point in their teaching careers. Their narrated experiences provide insight into the phenomenon of contrapower harassment. These insights provide a window into how female academics continue to experience themselves as being out of place in post-apartheid institutions that are expected to be accommodating of all.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Changes in chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of different Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) varieties after feeding by the introduced biological control agent, Falconia intermedia Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae)
- Ngxande-Koza, Samella W, Heshula, Lelethu U P, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Ngxande-Koza, Samella W , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59834 , vital:27664 , https://doi.org/10.4001/003.025.0462
- Description: Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is one of the most problematic plant invaders in South Africa and has been targeted for biological control for over 50 years. Essential oil constituents which often change in response to insect herbivory are reported to play a crucial role in plant-insect interactions. However, nothing is known about the chemical profiles of essential oils of L. camara varieties in South Africa and how this changes under herbivory. Therefore, essential oils were collected using hydrodistillation from undamaged and insect-damaged leaves of four L. camara varieties and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to elucidate their chemical profiles. A total of 163 compounds were identified from the undamaged leaves of the various L. camara varieties. Feeding by the biocontrol agent Falconia intermedia Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae) resulted in changes in the quality and quantity of chemical constituents of the essential oils. Only 75 compounds were identified from the insect-damaged leaves of L. camara varieties. Terpenes were the major components across the varieties, while caryophyllene, hexane, naphthalene, copaene and a-caryophyllene were common in all the varieties tested from both undamaged and insect-damaged leaves. Results from this study indicated the chemical distinctiveness of the Whitney Farm variety from other varieties. The changes in chemical concentrations indicated that feeding by the mirid on L. camara varieties causes an induction by either reducing or increasing the chemical concentrations. These inductions following the feeding by F. intermedia could be having a negative impact on the success of biological control against L. camara varieties. However, the focus of this paper is to report on the chemical baseline of L. camara varieties. Hence, comparisons of chemical compound concentrations of L. camara essential oils tested and the feeding-induced changes with respect to their quality and quantity are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Ngxande-Koza, Samella W , Heshula, Lelethu U P , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59834 , vital:27664 , https://doi.org/10.4001/003.025.0462
- Description: Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is one of the most problematic plant invaders in South Africa and has been targeted for biological control for over 50 years. Essential oil constituents which often change in response to insect herbivory are reported to play a crucial role in plant-insect interactions. However, nothing is known about the chemical profiles of essential oils of L. camara varieties in South Africa and how this changes under herbivory. Therefore, essential oils were collected using hydrodistillation from undamaged and insect-damaged leaves of four L. camara varieties and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to elucidate their chemical profiles. A total of 163 compounds were identified from the undamaged leaves of the various L. camara varieties. Feeding by the biocontrol agent Falconia intermedia Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae) resulted in changes in the quality and quantity of chemical constituents of the essential oils. Only 75 compounds were identified from the insect-damaged leaves of L. camara varieties. Terpenes were the major components across the varieties, while caryophyllene, hexane, naphthalene, copaene and a-caryophyllene were common in all the varieties tested from both undamaged and insect-damaged leaves. Results from this study indicated the chemical distinctiveness of the Whitney Farm variety from other varieties. The changes in chemical concentrations indicated that feeding by the mirid on L. camara varieties causes an induction by either reducing or increasing the chemical concentrations. These inductions following the feeding by F. intermedia could be having a negative impact on the success of biological control against L. camara varieties. However, the focus of this paper is to report on the chemical baseline of L. camara varieties. Hence, comparisons of chemical compound concentrations of L. camara essential oils tested and the feeding-induced changes with respect to their quality and quantity are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The role of the Nelson Mandela Bay municipality in allevaiting poverty in the Walmer Township
- Authors: Lutshaba, Unathi Mercy
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic assistance, Domestic -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Poverty -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9051 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1598 , Poverty -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic assistance, Domestic -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Poverty -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: After 17 years of democratic freedom, South Africa is faced with a variety of challenges. Such challenges include crime, which is driving South African professionals of all ethnic groups to emigrate, discourages foreign investments and hampers growth; the spread of HIV/AIDS and unemployment which is steadily increasing. The country also inherited vast inequalities in education, health and basic infrastructure such as access for safe water, sanitation and housing (Hoogeveen and Ozler 2006, p.2). According to the Education and Training Unit for Democracy and Development (ETU), South Africa has a small wealthy population and a medium sized middle income and poor populations. There is a big difference between the wealthy and the poor people and if one looks at it, it looks like we have two nations, developed and developing living side by side in one country. This report will look at the role of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in alleviating poverty in one of its critically distressed wards, the Walmer Township near the Port Elizabeth Airport. Even though welfare is national and provincial government’s role, municipalities are expected by the government to play a developmental role. The findings of this report revealed that the problem of poverty is still a challenge in the metro and a review of the current policies was advised and involving the people living in poverty in the processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Lutshaba, Unathi Mercy
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic assistance, Domestic -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Poverty -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9051 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1598 , Poverty -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic assistance, Domestic -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Poverty -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: After 17 years of democratic freedom, South Africa is faced with a variety of challenges. Such challenges include crime, which is driving South African professionals of all ethnic groups to emigrate, discourages foreign investments and hampers growth; the spread of HIV/AIDS and unemployment which is steadily increasing. The country also inherited vast inequalities in education, health and basic infrastructure such as access for safe water, sanitation and housing (Hoogeveen and Ozler 2006, p.2). According to the Education and Training Unit for Democracy and Development (ETU), South Africa has a small wealthy population and a medium sized middle income and poor populations. There is a big difference between the wealthy and the poor people and if one looks at it, it looks like we have two nations, developed and developing living side by side in one country. This report will look at the role of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in alleviating poverty in one of its critically distressed wards, the Walmer Township near the Port Elizabeth Airport. Even though welfare is national and provincial government’s role, municipalities are expected by the government to play a developmental role. The findings of this report revealed that the problem of poverty is still a challenge in the metro and a review of the current policies was advised and involving the people living in poverty in the processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Market participation and value chain integration among smallholder homestead and irrigated crop farmers in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa
- Authors: Mdoda, Lelethu
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Irrigation farming -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15023 , vital:40152
- Description: The irrigation schemes had been established over the years and now are operational but there is no marked improvement in the living conditions of the rural farmers and households. Smallholder farmers still face numerous constraints in market participation that hinder smallholder farmers, irrigators and homestead growth which have been attributed to lack of access to markets and technical expertise. Despite the government efforts, smallholder farmers effectively functioning in the agro-food chains, high-valued markets and commercial agricultural markets are rare; this indicates that the objective to allow smallholder farmers to advance their livelihood through participating in commercial agro-food chains has not yet been met. Farmers in the Eastern Cape produce many crops which they mainly sell in informal local markets; there is minimal number of smallholder farmers supplying their produce to the formal markets. Irrigation development is very crucial to the development of the agricultural sector as it ensures improvement in yields and reduces rural poverty through creating rural employment, enhance smallholder farmers’ market participation and enhance market access policies by smallholder farmers as means to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals The study was conducted in the Eastern Cape Province and employed survey data obtained from 200 smallholder irrigated crop farmers and homestead gardeners. A multistage stratified sampling procedure was used in which the first stage involved selecting the study areas. This was followed by the selection of the district and then the respondents. The farmers were selected from three District Municipalities which have operational irrigation schemes, namely OR Tambo, Amathole and Chris Hani District Municipalities in the province. STATA and SPSS were used to analyze the data. The Heckman model was applied to examine factors influencing farmers’ decision to participate in market among crop producing farmers in the province. In the first stage Heckman analysis, the decision as to whether or not to participate (which is a binary choice situation) is used to undertake the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). In the second stage, the conditional quantity sold (continuous variable) is assumed to follow a truncated normal regression model, whereby the MLE is estimated by fitting a truncated normal regression of quantity sold. Gross Margin and Net Farm Income were used to measure farm profit as well as multiple regression analysis to estimate determinants of profitability in the study area. Profit efficiency was measured using the normalized transcendent logarithmic profit frontier approach (translog). he descriptive statistics employed include means, percentages and frequencies mostly of the socio-economic characteristics of farmers in the study area. The results show that males were dominant with the representation of 61.7percent. The majority of farmers were aged and the mean age was 60 years, indicating that farmers in the province are old which has implication for productivity and market participation. High level of illiteracy is shown in the data and mean household size of 5 persons with the household head having at least obtained some primary school education.The irrigated crop farmers and homesteads were found to have farm size under 4 ha. About 86.5percent were full time farmers and Farming is their major source of livelihood. Smallholder irrigators and homestead gardeners derive their income from social grants and remittances. This thesis found out that majority of the farmers do not participate in markets. In this instance, farming becomes a scapegoat for failure to enter alternative labour markets. The average annual on-farm production income from smallholder irrigators was R7 860.27 and homestead gardeners was R5 915.50. The empirical results from probit model suggest that age of the farmer, level of education of the farmer, household size, farm organization, access to extension, distance to markets, occupation and farm experience were some of the key determinants that had significant and positive effects on farmers’ decision to participate in markets while access to credit, transport to the markets and farm size were some of the key determinants that had significant and negative effect on farmers’ decision to participate in markets. The volume of crops sold to the market is determined by gender, age, years spent in school, distance to the market, farm experience, household size, access to extension, membership in farm organization and non-farm income.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mdoda, Lelethu
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Irrigation farming -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15023 , vital:40152
- Description: The irrigation schemes had been established over the years and now are operational but there is no marked improvement in the living conditions of the rural farmers and households. Smallholder farmers still face numerous constraints in market participation that hinder smallholder farmers, irrigators and homestead growth which have been attributed to lack of access to markets and technical expertise. Despite the government efforts, smallholder farmers effectively functioning in the agro-food chains, high-valued markets and commercial agricultural markets are rare; this indicates that the objective to allow smallholder farmers to advance their livelihood through participating in commercial agro-food chains has not yet been met. Farmers in the Eastern Cape produce many crops which they mainly sell in informal local markets; there is minimal number of smallholder farmers supplying their produce to the formal markets. Irrigation development is very crucial to the development of the agricultural sector as it ensures improvement in yields and reduces rural poverty through creating rural employment, enhance smallholder farmers’ market participation and enhance market access policies by smallholder farmers as means to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals The study was conducted in the Eastern Cape Province and employed survey data obtained from 200 smallholder irrigated crop farmers and homestead gardeners. A multistage stratified sampling procedure was used in which the first stage involved selecting the study areas. This was followed by the selection of the district and then the respondents. The farmers were selected from three District Municipalities which have operational irrigation schemes, namely OR Tambo, Amathole and Chris Hani District Municipalities in the province. STATA and SPSS were used to analyze the data. The Heckman model was applied to examine factors influencing farmers’ decision to participate in market among crop producing farmers in the province. In the first stage Heckman analysis, the decision as to whether or not to participate (which is a binary choice situation) is used to undertake the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). In the second stage, the conditional quantity sold (continuous variable) is assumed to follow a truncated normal regression model, whereby the MLE is estimated by fitting a truncated normal regression of quantity sold. Gross Margin and Net Farm Income were used to measure farm profit as well as multiple regression analysis to estimate determinants of profitability in the study area. Profit efficiency was measured using the normalized transcendent logarithmic profit frontier approach (translog). he descriptive statistics employed include means, percentages and frequencies mostly of the socio-economic characteristics of farmers in the study area. The results show that males were dominant with the representation of 61.7percent. The majority of farmers were aged and the mean age was 60 years, indicating that farmers in the province are old which has implication for productivity and market participation. High level of illiteracy is shown in the data and mean household size of 5 persons with the household head having at least obtained some primary school education.The irrigated crop farmers and homesteads were found to have farm size under 4 ha. About 86.5percent were full time farmers and Farming is their major source of livelihood. Smallholder irrigators and homestead gardeners derive their income from social grants and remittances. This thesis found out that majority of the farmers do not participate in markets. In this instance, farming becomes a scapegoat for failure to enter alternative labour markets. The average annual on-farm production income from smallholder irrigators was R7 860.27 and homestead gardeners was R5 915.50. The empirical results from probit model suggest that age of the farmer, level of education of the farmer, household size, farm organization, access to extension, distance to markets, occupation and farm experience were some of the key determinants that had significant and positive effects on farmers’ decision to participate in markets while access to credit, transport to the markets and farm size were some of the key determinants that had significant and negative effect on farmers’ decision to participate in markets. The volume of crops sold to the market is determined by gender, age, years spent in school, distance to the market, farm experience, household size, access to extension, membership in farm organization and non-farm income.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Graduation Ceremony May 2009
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:11985
- Description: University of Fort Hare Graduation programme Friday, 8th & Saturday, 9th May 2009.
- Full Text:
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:11985
- Description: University of Fort Hare Graduation programme Friday, 8th & Saturday, 9th May 2009.
- Full Text:
Establishment and impact of the sap-sucking mirid, Falconia intermedia (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) varieties in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Heshula, Unathi-Nkosi Lelethu Peter
- Authors: Heshula, Unathi-Nkosi Lelethu Peter
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Lantana camara -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Hemiptera -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Miridae -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5832 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008085
- Description: The biological control of the weedy complex Lantana camara (L.) (Verbenaceae) has been ongoing in South Africa for over 40 years. Despite this, the weed is still not under sufficient control and continues to invade new territories in the country. The biological control programme needs to be bolstered with releases of new and potentially damaging biological control agents. A promising biological control agent endemic to Central America, Falconia intermedia (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae), was imported into quarantine from Jamaica in 1994. This agent was released on sites in KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces of South Africa in 1999. Even though it initially established and damaged L. camara, populations died out at most of the release sites. As varietal difference and adverse climate have been cited as the reason for non-establishment and ineffective control in L. camara biocontrol programmes worldwide, this study attempts to investigate the role that these two factors play in this weed herbivore relationship. Laboratory no-choice trials were conducted to determine the varietal performance of F intermedia, among five Eastern Cape varieties of the weed from East London, Whitney Farm, Heather Glen Farm, Port Alfred and Lyndhurst Farm, and a variety from the Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Pretoria. However, there were differences in performance as the adult mirids performed better on white-pink varieties from Whitney Farm and Heather Glen Farm. To test varietal preference in field conditions, field releases of F intermedia were also made at East London, Whitney Farm, Heather Glen Farm, Port Alfred and Lyndhurst Farm. Post release evaluations were conducted monthly for two years (2002 and 2003). The insect established at East London and Whitney Farm, both of which have white-pink varieties. Insect populations quickly died out at the Lyndhurst Farm and Port Alfred sites, which have dark pink varieties. It is suggested that field conditions may have resulted in poor plant quality and led indirectly to varietal preference, and to non-establishment at these two sites. With the onset of cooler weather, populations disappeared at Heather Glen Farm. This suggested that F. intermedia was suitable for release in more subtropical areas within South Africa where climatic conditions would be suitable throughout the year. The mirid performed well at Whitney Farm, resulting in significant reduction in plant growth parameters such as height and percentage cover, and increasing the cover of other flora growing beneath L. camara plants. Finally, ways to improve the efficacy of this agent are considered in an effort towards better control of L. camara in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Heshula, Unathi-Nkosi Lelethu Peter
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Lantana camara -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Hemiptera -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Miridae -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5832 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008085
- Description: The biological control of the weedy complex Lantana camara (L.) (Verbenaceae) has been ongoing in South Africa for over 40 years. Despite this, the weed is still not under sufficient control and continues to invade new territories in the country. The biological control programme needs to be bolstered with releases of new and potentially damaging biological control agents. A promising biological control agent endemic to Central America, Falconia intermedia (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae), was imported into quarantine from Jamaica in 1994. This agent was released on sites in KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces of South Africa in 1999. Even though it initially established and damaged L. camara, populations died out at most of the release sites. As varietal difference and adverse climate have been cited as the reason for non-establishment and ineffective control in L. camara biocontrol programmes worldwide, this study attempts to investigate the role that these two factors play in this weed herbivore relationship. Laboratory no-choice trials were conducted to determine the varietal performance of F intermedia, among five Eastern Cape varieties of the weed from East London, Whitney Farm, Heather Glen Farm, Port Alfred and Lyndhurst Farm, and a variety from the Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Pretoria. However, there were differences in performance as the adult mirids performed better on white-pink varieties from Whitney Farm and Heather Glen Farm. To test varietal preference in field conditions, field releases of F intermedia were also made at East London, Whitney Farm, Heather Glen Farm, Port Alfred and Lyndhurst Farm. Post release evaluations were conducted monthly for two years (2002 and 2003). The insect established at East London and Whitney Farm, both of which have white-pink varieties. Insect populations quickly died out at the Lyndhurst Farm and Port Alfred sites, which have dark pink varieties. It is suggested that field conditions may have resulted in poor plant quality and led indirectly to varietal preference, and to non-establishment at these two sites. With the onset of cooler weather, populations disappeared at Heather Glen Farm. This suggested that F. intermedia was suitable for release in more subtropical areas within South Africa where climatic conditions would be suitable throughout the year. The mirid performed well at Whitney Farm, resulting in significant reduction in plant growth parameters such as height and percentage cover, and increasing the cover of other flora growing beneath L. camara plants. Finally, ways to improve the efficacy of this agent are considered in an effort towards better control of L. camara in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Graduation Ceremony May 2015
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:11984 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1017828
- Description: University of Fort Hare May 2015 Graduation Ceremony, Alice Campus.
- Full Text:
- Authors: University of Fort Hare
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:11984 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1017828
- Description: University of Fort Hare May 2015 Graduation Ceremony, Alice Campus.
- Full Text:
Lady Die
- Authors: Jephtas, Veronique Bianca
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Kaaps
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424928 , vital:72194
- Description: My tesis is geskryf in Kaaps en incorporate veskillende streeksvariante vannie taal. Die gedigte is hoofsaaklik innie dialek en ytie perspektief vannie spreker, Pamela geskryf. Tematies issie fokus die seksualiteit ennie inner workings vanne jong, bruinvrou wat haa feminine power probee assert in ’n patriarchal en invasive wêreld. Die bundel illustreer hierdie constant shifting power dynamics dee Pamela en haa vier boyfriends se vehoudings te examine. Wat vorm betref gebryk ek aspekte vannie zuihitsu, spesifiek die free movement tussen genre en styles: veskillende dele vannie bundel is geskryf as prose, poetry en kort, losstaande gedagtes. Ek kies die skryfstyl wattie narrative van oomblik tot oomblik die beste onnersteun, en beperk nie myself tot een consistent vorm nie ––oek kenmerkend van zuihitsu. Literêre invloede virrie teks is The Pillow Book dee Makura no Sōshi. Meer kontemporêre invloede is Kathy Acker, Marie Calloway, Nathan Trantraal en Ronelda S. Kamfer. Acker virrie manier wat sy identiteit illustreer, amper soese collage constructed yt seemingly unrelated stukkies teks en experiences; Calloway vi haa detached en unromanticised skrywe oo sex en vehoudings; Trantraal en Kamfer virrie manier waarop hulle universal stories vetel in ’n taal wat tightly bound is aan ’n baie spesifieke geography. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Jephtas, Veronique Bianca
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Kaaps
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424928 , vital:72194
- Description: My tesis is geskryf in Kaaps en incorporate veskillende streeksvariante vannie taal. Die gedigte is hoofsaaklik innie dialek en ytie perspektief vannie spreker, Pamela geskryf. Tematies issie fokus die seksualiteit ennie inner workings vanne jong, bruinvrou wat haa feminine power probee assert in ’n patriarchal en invasive wêreld. Die bundel illustreer hierdie constant shifting power dynamics dee Pamela en haa vier boyfriends se vehoudings te examine. Wat vorm betref gebryk ek aspekte vannie zuihitsu, spesifiek die free movement tussen genre en styles: veskillende dele vannie bundel is geskryf as prose, poetry en kort, losstaande gedagtes. Ek kies die skryfstyl wattie narrative van oomblik tot oomblik die beste onnersteun, en beperk nie myself tot een consistent vorm nie ––oek kenmerkend van zuihitsu. Literêre invloede virrie teks is The Pillow Book dee Makura no Sōshi. Meer kontemporêre invloede is Kathy Acker, Marie Calloway, Nathan Trantraal en Ronelda S. Kamfer. Acker virrie manier wat sy identiteit illustreer, amper soese collage constructed yt seemingly unrelated stukkies teks en experiences; Calloway vi haa detached en unromanticised skrywe oo sex en vehoudings; Trantraal en Kamfer virrie manier waarop hulle universal stories vetel in ’n taal wat tightly bound is aan ’n baie spesifieke geography. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Kwelo lizwe leentsomi : iintsomi zesiXhosa
- Authors: Sigcau, Bulelwa Monica
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) -- South Africa , Xhosa fiction -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship , Short stories, Xhosa -- 21st century , African fiction -- History and criticism , English fiction -- History and criticism
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178270 , vital:42926
- Description: Ukuphosa kuvimba wolwazi ngeentsomi zesiXhosa, le thisisi iqulathe iintsomi-mabali eziqanjwe zabaliswa kusetyenziswa ulwimi, umxholo nemixholo engenelelayo engeziganeko zemihla ngemihla, abalinganiswa, isakhiwo sentsomi nesimo sentlalo zala maxesha siphila kuwo. Ezi ntsomi zixhaswa kakhulu yimifanekiso ephilayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemigca emifutshane ezoba isimo sentlalo nevakala ingathi yimibongo ngenxa yokuqupha kwayo. Umsebenzi kaR.F. Mcimeli, kwincwadi ethi, Ingqaka kaMaqhudeni iqulethe iintsomi ezisondeleyo kwezi ziqanjwe kulo msebenzi, ngakumbi iintsomi ezizezi, uNomvula noNomvulazana, uDumisani nesigebenga esingabonwayo, uNomaciko noCikokazi, nezinye. Umsebenzi kaNongenile Masithathu Zenani (2006) oqokelelwe nguHarold Scheub kwincwadi ethi South African voices: A long time passed ube negaleloo elikhulu ukubonisa indima esele idlaliwe kwiintsomi zesiXhosa. UKholeka Sigenu (2002) kwincwandi ethi Ezakowethu naye ube nefuthe kwindlela ezi ntsomi eziqanjwe ngayo nokuqinisekisa ukuba ngenene zongeza ulwazi olutsha. Ezi ntsomi-mabali zibhentsise okulungileyo nokuhenxayo ngaphandle kokushumayela nokuveza abalinganiswa njengeengilosi. Ndiluthande kakhulu nohlobo lukaAmos Tutuola lokubhala, ndizame ukusondeza uhlobo lwam lokubhala kolu hlobo lukaAmos Tutuola. Ndilandele ifuthe lohlobo lokubhala olubizwa ngeflash fiction. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Sigcau, Bulelwa Monica
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) -- South Africa , Xhosa fiction -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship , Short stories, Xhosa -- 21st century , African fiction -- History and criticism , English fiction -- History and criticism
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178270 , vital:42926
- Description: Ukuphosa kuvimba wolwazi ngeentsomi zesiXhosa, le thisisi iqulathe iintsomi-mabali eziqanjwe zabaliswa kusetyenziswa ulwimi, umxholo nemixholo engenelelayo engeziganeko zemihla ngemihla, abalinganiswa, isakhiwo sentsomi nesimo sentlalo zala maxesha siphila kuwo. Ezi ntsomi zixhaswa kakhulu yimifanekiso ephilayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemigca emifutshane ezoba isimo sentlalo nevakala ingathi yimibongo ngenxa yokuqupha kwayo. Umsebenzi kaR.F. Mcimeli, kwincwadi ethi, Ingqaka kaMaqhudeni iqulethe iintsomi ezisondeleyo kwezi ziqanjwe kulo msebenzi, ngakumbi iintsomi ezizezi, uNomvula noNomvulazana, uDumisani nesigebenga esingabonwayo, uNomaciko noCikokazi, nezinye. Umsebenzi kaNongenile Masithathu Zenani (2006) oqokelelwe nguHarold Scheub kwincwadi ethi South African voices: A long time passed ube negaleloo elikhulu ukubonisa indima esele idlaliwe kwiintsomi zesiXhosa. UKholeka Sigenu (2002) kwincwandi ethi Ezakowethu naye ube nefuthe kwindlela ezi ntsomi eziqanjwe ngayo nokuqinisekisa ukuba ngenene zongeza ulwazi olutsha. Ezi ntsomi-mabali zibhentsise okulungileyo nokuhenxayo ngaphandle kokushumayela nokuveza abalinganiswa njengeengilosi. Ndiluthande kakhulu nohlobo lukaAmos Tutuola lokubhala, ndizame ukusondeza uhlobo lwam lokubhala kolu hlobo lukaAmos Tutuola. Ndilandele ifuthe lohlobo lokubhala olubizwa ngeflash fiction. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-04
Exploring a dialogic approach to writing for English second language learners
- Authors: Domingo, Jamiellah
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Dialogism (Literary analysis) , Creative writing -- Study and teaching Thought and thinking -- Study and teaching Language and languages -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39534 , vital:35288
- Description: In South Africa, most of our children learn in a language other than their home language. Language and Literacy is thus a major concern for many of them who are trying to make meaning of literature. This study was part of a continuing community dialogic engagement project, between the university and a rural high school in Paterson, a rural settlement in the Eastern Cape. The selected school – ‘Sandhill High’ has English as the Language of Teaching and Learning (LOLT) but has predominantly isiXhosa- and a smaller number of Afrikaans home language learners. The aim of this research was to explore how English second language learners, in a rural high school engage with and experience a dialogic approach to writing as a social practice. This was firstly done by, investigating in which ways dialogic writing might encourage participation in literacy as a social practice. Secondly, exploring in which ways the choices of language might engage learners in responding to text. A qualitative, participatory case study was used to interpret the phenomena. To adequately address the research questions, this study was underpinned by Bakhtin’s theory on Dialogism, viewed through the lens of a third space. As this study was about writing, theories of literacies and second language writing were also reviewed. Dialogic journals offer reflective spaces for learners to record their thinking and because reading and writing complement each other, both need ongoing practice. The data was gathered using the dialogic journals and focus group discussions. Data was analysed in a process of thematic narrative analysis. Participation was voluntary and 16, grade 10 learners of the school participated in the study. The significance of this study was that it enabled learners to engage with texts using their choice of language to participate in dialogic journal writing as a social practice.
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- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Domingo, Jamiellah
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Dialogism (Literary analysis) , Creative writing -- Study and teaching Thought and thinking -- Study and teaching Language and languages -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39534 , vital:35288
- Description: In South Africa, most of our children learn in a language other than their home language. Language and Literacy is thus a major concern for many of them who are trying to make meaning of literature. This study was part of a continuing community dialogic engagement project, between the university and a rural high school in Paterson, a rural settlement in the Eastern Cape. The selected school – ‘Sandhill High’ has English as the Language of Teaching and Learning (LOLT) but has predominantly isiXhosa- and a smaller number of Afrikaans home language learners. The aim of this research was to explore how English second language learners, in a rural high school engage with and experience a dialogic approach to writing as a social practice. This was firstly done by, investigating in which ways dialogic writing might encourage participation in literacy as a social practice. Secondly, exploring in which ways the choices of language might engage learners in responding to text. A qualitative, participatory case study was used to interpret the phenomena. To adequately address the research questions, this study was underpinned by Bakhtin’s theory on Dialogism, viewed through the lens of a third space. As this study was about writing, theories of literacies and second language writing were also reviewed. Dialogic journals offer reflective spaces for learners to record their thinking and because reading and writing complement each other, both need ongoing practice. The data was gathered using the dialogic journals and focus group discussions. Data was analysed in a process of thematic narrative analysis. Participation was voluntary and 16, grade 10 learners of the school participated in the study. The significance of this study was that it enabled learners to engage with texts using their choice of language to participate in dialogic journal writing as a social practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019