Assessing the implementation of gender equity policies in education in Bor County, South Sudan
- Authors: Duot, Kulang Mayen Kulang
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11698 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015134
- Description: Education is a fundamental human right, a vital resource in overcoming poverty and inequality globally. All children have the right to quality basic education, the bedrock for a productive life. But key to this success is ensuring that girls, as well as boys, have full, equal access to a good quality education system, which gives them knowledge and skills (Fast-tracking, 2011:2). This research study explores the main challenges in the implementation of policies on gender equity in the education in Bor County in South Sudan. An exploratory research design was applied to explain to what extent policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County, has been achieved and implemented. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were applied through questionnaire administration and focus group discussion interviews. Of the sampled respondents about ninety percent (90%) of the respondents were males, while only ten percent (10%) were females, seventy-three percent (73%) were in the middle aged group of 26-45 years. Forty-six percent (46%) had secondary level of education, while about fifty-four (54%) had a tertiary level education. About eighty-four percent (84%) of the respondents reported the existence of policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County. Ninety-eight percent, (98%) of the respondents were of the perceptions that it was critically important that policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County be effectively implemented. About seventy-four percent (74%) of them reported that the institutions responsible for formulating or contributing to policy making include among others: the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology National government and Jonglei State Ministry of Education, National and State Parliaments, Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare, Jonglei state and South Sudan transitional Constitutions, with the support from United Nations agencies such as World Food Programme (WFP) and UNICEF, IOM and UNMIISS, also other NGOs for example, Hold the Child, CRS, Save the Children Sweden, JAM and fifty-six percent (56%) reported that these policies did not address the gender equity in education system in Bor County. Respondents pointed to some of the challenges related to implementation of policies on gender equity in the education in Bor County. These challenges entail: lack of financial support to implement gender policies in education, rigid communal traditions and customs, long distance of schools from homes which impact on girls accessing education, illiteracy among the communities which makes them resist enrolling girls in schools, early and forced marriages by the parents, lack of clear gender equity policies in the state Ministry of Education in Jonglei state and Bor County Department of Education, parents who regard their daughters as sources of wealth through marriages, lack of commitment and dedication from the concerned authorities on the implementation of gender policies in education and lack of sensitisation of the community on gender policies in education by the County department of education. The study findings also suggest lack of monitoring and evaluation during the implementation of gender policies in education. Further to this, domestic chores by the girl child as well as poor road network to facilitate movement from one point to another to sensitise people on gender policies in education impede efforts to implement gender equity policies in education. Furthermore some parents regarded schools as places for unlimited freedom for girls. The findings of this study indicated that policies on gender equity in education system in Bor County were formulated and not implemented. The stakeholders in implementing these policies were experiencing challenges that hampered their individual initiative to implement the policies. This was as a result of many factors that have affected the efforts and the roles of stakeholders involving in the implementation of gender equity policies in education in Bor County in South Sudan.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Duot, Kulang Mayen Kulang
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11698 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015134
- Description: Education is a fundamental human right, a vital resource in overcoming poverty and inequality globally. All children have the right to quality basic education, the bedrock for a productive life. But key to this success is ensuring that girls, as well as boys, have full, equal access to a good quality education system, which gives them knowledge and skills (Fast-tracking, 2011:2). This research study explores the main challenges in the implementation of policies on gender equity in the education in Bor County in South Sudan. An exploratory research design was applied to explain to what extent policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County, has been achieved and implemented. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were applied through questionnaire administration and focus group discussion interviews. Of the sampled respondents about ninety percent (90%) of the respondents were males, while only ten percent (10%) were females, seventy-three percent (73%) were in the middle aged group of 26-45 years. Forty-six percent (46%) had secondary level of education, while about fifty-four (54%) had a tertiary level education. About eighty-four percent (84%) of the respondents reported the existence of policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County. Ninety-eight percent, (98%) of the respondents were of the perceptions that it was critically important that policies on gender equity in the education system in Bor County be effectively implemented. About seventy-four percent (74%) of them reported that the institutions responsible for formulating or contributing to policy making include among others: the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology National government and Jonglei State Ministry of Education, National and State Parliaments, Ministry of Gender, Child and Social Welfare, Jonglei state and South Sudan transitional Constitutions, with the support from United Nations agencies such as World Food Programme (WFP) and UNICEF, IOM and UNMIISS, also other NGOs for example, Hold the Child, CRS, Save the Children Sweden, JAM and fifty-six percent (56%) reported that these policies did not address the gender equity in education system in Bor County. Respondents pointed to some of the challenges related to implementation of policies on gender equity in the education in Bor County. These challenges entail: lack of financial support to implement gender policies in education, rigid communal traditions and customs, long distance of schools from homes which impact on girls accessing education, illiteracy among the communities which makes them resist enrolling girls in schools, early and forced marriages by the parents, lack of clear gender equity policies in the state Ministry of Education in Jonglei state and Bor County Department of Education, parents who regard their daughters as sources of wealth through marriages, lack of commitment and dedication from the concerned authorities on the implementation of gender policies in education and lack of sensitisation of the community on gender policies in education by the County department of education. The study findings also suggest lack of monitoring and evaluation during the implementation of gender policies in education. Further to this, domestic chores by the girl child as well as poor road network to facilitate movement from one point to another to sensitise people on gender policies in education impede efforts to implement gender equity policies in education. Furthermore some parents regarded schools as places for unlimited freedom for girls. The findings of this study indicated that policies on gender equity in education system in Bor County were formulated and not implemented. The stakeholders in implementing these policies were experiencing challenges that hampered their individual initiative to implement the policies. This was as a result of many factors that have affected the efforts and the roles of stakeholders involving in the implementation of gender equity policies in education in Bor County in South Sudan.
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Assessing the skills development challenges facing the Department of Health in the Eastern Cape and its impact on the delivery of quality services: a case of Victoria Hospital in Amathole District
- Authors: Matsila, Thomas Sipho
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11711 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015242
- Description: Post- Apartheid South Africa has seen the emergence of an unskilled workforce, which has resulted in many challenges in service delivery especially in the public sector. To ensure that the problem of shortage of skills is addressed the government came up with policy strategies that were aimed at ensuring that the workers are equipped with the right skills within the work and in different institutions. The government came up with different policy frameworks that supported skills development of the South African Workforce. The current study of challenges facing Skills Development at Victoria Hospital has shown that the health sector in South Africa is stills fraught with shortage of skilled manpower although there are policy provisions that promote and encourage training and development of the employees. The findings from the study have indicated that at Victoria Hospital there is an ageing workforce and that the employees are not knowledgeable of skills development programmes that are taking place. The findings of the study also indicated that perceived organizational support, demographic factors, political and legislative policy frameworks are important factors to consider in ensuring the success of skills development or training programmes within the health system in South Africa. The broad aim of the study was to investigate challenges facing Skills Development within Department of Health at Victoria Hospital in the Eastern Cape Province. The study was quantitative in nature and data was collected through survey based Likert questionnaires. Deductive logic was utilized in this study based on the premises of the Social Exchange Theory and the Equity theory.
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- Authors: Matsila, Thomas Sipho
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11711 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015242
- Description: Post- Apartheid South Africa has seen the emergence of an unskilled workforce, which has resulted in many challenges in service delivery especially in the public sector. To ensure that the problem of shortage of skills is addressed the government came up with policy strategies that were aimed at ensuring that the workers are equipped with the right skills within the work and in different institutions. The government came up with different policy frameworks that supported skills development of the South African Workforce. The current study of challenges facing Skills Development at Victoria Hospital has shown that the health sector in South Africa is stills fraught with shortage of skilled manpower although there are policy provisions that promote and encourage training and development of the employees. The findings from the study have indicated that at Victoria Hospital there is an ageing workforce and that the employees are not knowledgeable of skills development programmes that are taking place. The findings of the study also indicated that perceived organizational support, demographic factors, political and legislative policy frameworks are important factors to consider in ensuring the success of skills development or training programmes within the health system in South Africa. The broad aim of the study was to investigate challenges facing Skills Development within Department of Health at Victoria Hospital in the Eastern Cape Province. The study was quantitative in nature and data was collected through survey based Likert questionnaires. Deductive logic was utilized in this study based on the premises of the Social Exchange Theory and the Equity theory.
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Assessment of sources of livelihoods and opportunities to improve the contribution of farming within available food chains
- Authors: Mbusi, Nontembeko
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Households -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Livelihood strategies , Outcomes , Poverty , Farming , Employment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11204 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007575 , Households -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Livelihood strategies , Outcomes , Poverty , Farming , Employment
- Description: Official statistics suggest that as many as 40 percent to 60 percent of people in South Africa are living in poverty, and the 15 percent poorest are in a desperate struggle for survival. Since 1994, Government has been making an effort to help smallholder agriculture through numerous programmes, including those that address land ownership and provide credit and grants for farms and households, but very little change has taken place. Understanding the sources of livelihood and opportunities to improve the contribution of farming within available food chains is therefore an important practical need. The study investigated sources of livelihood and mapped the livelihoods profile of the farming households in parts of the Eastern Cape. The study was conducted in the Alice and Peddie communities in the Amathole district municipality. A set of structured questionnaires were used to interview the sample of 80 farming households selected through a random process within two irrigation schemes and communities that were selected purposively in line with the focus of the larger project on which this study is based. The resulting data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The descriptive results indicated that members of most rural households were old, married, uneducated and unemployed. Farming was primary livelihood strategy employed in these areas. Rural households were also dependent on remittances, social grants and pension funds because the farming strategy could not meet all their household needs. The major crops that were grown for income and food security to sustain their livelihoods included maize, potatoes, onions and butternut. Factors that had significant influences on outcomes were extension services, grants, pension and remittances, land productivity, type of irrigation system, market accessibility, output price difference and value adding. The available opportunities were land productivity, irrigation facilities, government or NGO programmes and working as a group. For improved livelihood of rural communities in Alice and Peddie, government needs to strengthen agricultural activities and equip farmers with market information, improve their access to irrigation schemes, provide training on value adding and also improve access to extension services.
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- Authors: Mbusi, Nontembeko
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Households -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Livelihood strategies , Outcomes , Poverty , Farming , Employment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11204 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007575 , Households -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Livelihood strategies , Outcomes , Poverty , Farming , Employment
- Description: Official statistics suggest that as many as 40 percent to 60 percent of people in South Africa are living in poverty, and the 15 percent poorest are in a desperate struggle for survival. Since 1994, Government has been making an effort to help smallholder agriculture through numerous programmes, including those that address land ownership and provide credit and grants for farms and households, but very little change has taken place. Understanding the sources of livelihood and opportunities to improve the contribution of farming within available food chains is therefore an important practical need. The study investigated sources of livelihood and mapped the livelihoods profile of the farming households in parts of the Eastern Cape. The study was conducted in the Alice and Peddie communities in the Amathole district municipality. A set of structured questionnaires were used to interview the sample of 80 farming households selected through a random process within two irrigation schemes and communities that were selected purposively in line with the focus of the larger project on which this study is based. The resulting data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The descriptive results indicated that members of most rural households were old, married, uneducated and unemployed. Farming was primary livelihood strategy employed in these areas. Rural households were also dependent on remittances, social grants and pension funds because the farming strategy could not meet all their household needs. The major crops that were grown for income and food security to sustain their livelihoods included maize, potatoes, onions and butternut. Factors that had significant influences on outcomes were extension services, grants, pension and remittances, land productivity, type of irrigation system, market accessibility, output price difference and value adding. The available opportunities were land productivity, irrigation facilities, government or NGO programmes and working as a group. For improved livelihood of rural communities in Alice and Peddie, government needs to strengthen agricultural activities and equip farmers with market information, improve their access to irrigation schemes, provide training on value adding and also improve access to extension services.
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Assessment of the impact of the Mdantsane Urban Renewal Programme on the lives and livelihoods of beneficiaries (2001-2011): the case of the Eastern Cape Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Mhlekude, Ntombizabantu
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11691 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1014676
- Description: This study is centred on the Mdantsane Urban Renewal Programme (MURP) and how it has been implemented in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) since inception. The inquiry covers the ten years (20012011) during which the Urban Renewal Programme (URP) was piloted in South Africa. This research evaluates the impact of the MURP on the lives and the livelihoods of beneficiaries (Mdantsane residents). Their perceptions and experiences are thus fundamental to determine the extent to which their lives have been affected through the implementation of the MURP. The areas explored through this research are social, economic, physical and community wellbeing of the Mdantsane residents. The study reviews the opinions and views of the various stakeholders and beneficiaries affected by the MURP and based on these, draws some conclusions and provides recommendations on what could possibly be done by the gBCMM in its implementation of the MURP.
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- Authors: Mhlekude, Ntombizabantu
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11691 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1014676
- Description: This study is centred on the Mdantsane Urban Renewal Programme (MURP) and how it has been implemented in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) since inception. The inquiry covers the ten years (20012011) during which the Urban Renewal Programme (URP) was piloted in South Africa. This research evaluates the impact of the MURP on the lives and the livelihoods of beneficiaries (Mdantsane residents). Their perceptions and experiences are thus fundamental to determine the extent to which their lives have been affected through the implementation of the MURP. The areas explored through this research are social, economic, physical and community wellbeing of the Mdantsane residents. The study reviews the opinions and views of the various stakeholders and beneficiaries affected by the MURP and based on these, draws some conclusions and provides recommendations on what could possibly be done by the gBCMM in its implementation of the MURP.
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Assessment of the incidence of E.coli in Tyume and Buffalo rivers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Koba, Siziwe
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Microbiology)
- Identifier: vital:11272 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006889
- Description: Waterborne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and every year around 2.2 million people die due to basic hygiene related diseases like coliform diarrhoea. Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation has been promoted as an essential step in reducing these preventable diseases (Tambekar and Banginwar, 2005; Patil, 2004; Charan, 2004). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli are one of the most important etiologic agents of acute diarrhea and represent a major public health problem in developing countries like South Africa The present study was conducted between August 2010 and July 2011 to investigate the prevalence and distribution of virulent E. coli strains from water samples collected from Tyume and Buffalo River, located in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa using conventional microbiological methods and PCR analysis. Twelve Water samples were collected from three different sites of the rivers, viz; upstream, middle stream and the downstream of the dam. E.coli was isolated by the membrane filtration method on mFC. A total of 374 isolates from both rivers were identified by convenctional microbiological techniques. For both Buffalo and Tyume River, A large proportion (87 and 114, respectively) of the isolates from the mid stream samples satisfied the identification characteristics for E. coli (blue colonies on MFC agar and violet/purple colonies on Chromocult agar) and thus revealing high levels contamination when compared to isolates from the downstream (55 and 47) and the upstream (30 and 31) All the isolates that satisfied the primary identification stage were subjected to PCR. DNA was extracted using the boiling method and then the DNA was used as a template for PCR. Specific PCR analysis was performed on all E. coli isolates to amplify the alr gene that codes for alanine racemase Out and of the 202 isolates amplified for Tyume river, 70 (35 percent) were positively identified as E. coli since they possessed the alr gene fragment. and out of the 172 isolates amplified from Buffalo River, 80(47 percent) were also positively identified as E. coli. For both Tyume and Buffalo River, the highest prevalence was observed midstream (39 percent and 56 pecent respectively). The identified E. coli were further characterized into different pathotypes. Amplification of the shig gene, LT gene, EaeA gene, Eagg gene and the ST gene were used to detect pathogenic E.coli. In Tyume River, Genes of ETEC (lt or st) were detected in 21/70 (30 percent); Gene of EPEC (eae) was detected in 14/70 specimens (35 percent); Genes of EAEC (Eagg) was detected in 14/70(35 percent) and genes of EIEC (shig) were detected in 11/70(16 percent). In Buffalo River, no DEC was recovered upstream and downstream of the river. EAEC (8 percent) was the only pathotypes recovered midstream of the river. Strains of all five E. coli categories showed high-level resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol but were highly susceptible to quinolones, aminoglycosides, and novobiocin. The highest resistance (100 percent) amongst the isolates was observed to ampicillin by EAEC, Heat Labile (ETEC) and EIEC, followed by 87.5 percent by EAEC to carbenicillin. The highest susceptibility was to quinolones (100 percent) by all the four categories of E.coli. The screening for antibiotic resistance genes revealed the absence of SHV, CTMX and TetC genes as they were not detected in any of the E.coli isolates. However, TEM genes were observed in 80 percent of the isolates. Integron conserved segment was detected in these same organisms in the same proportion as TEM
- Full Text:
- Authors: Koba, Siziwe
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Microbiology)
- Identifier: vital:11272 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006889
- Description: Waterborne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and every year around 2.2 million people die due to basic hygiene related diseases like coliform diarrhoea. Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation has been promoted as an essential step in reducing these preventable diseases (Tambekar and Banginwar, 2005; Patil, 2004; Charan, 2004). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli are one of the most important etiologic agents of acute diarrhea and represent a major public health problem in developing countries like South Africa The present study was conducted between August 2010 and July 2011 to investigate the prevalence and distribution of virulent E. coli strains from water samples collected from Tyume and Buffalo River, located in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa using conventional microbiological methods and PCR analysis. Twelve Water samples were collected from three different sites of the rivers, viz; upstream, middle stream and the downstream of the dam. E.coli was isolated by the membrane filtration method on mFC. A total of 374 isolates from both rivers were identified by convenctional microbiological techniques. For both Buffalo and Tyume River, A large proportion (87 and 114, respectively) of the isolates from the mid stream samples satisfied the identification characteristics for E. coli (blue colonies on MFC agar and violet/purple colonies on Chromocult agar) and thus revealing high levels contamination when compared to isolates from the downstream (55 and 47) and the upstream (30 and 31) All the isolates that satisfied the primary identification stage were subjected to PCR. DNA was extracted using the boiling method and then the DNA was used as a template for PCR. Specific PCR analysis was performed on all E. coli isolates to amplify the alr gene that codes for alanine racemase Out and of the 202 isolates amplified for Tyume river, 70 (35 percent) were positively identified as E. coli since they possessed the alr gene fragment. and out of the 172 isolates amplified from Buffalo River, 80(47 percent) were also positively identified as E. coli. For both Tyume and Buffalo River, the highest prevalence was observed midstream (39 percent and 56 pecent respectively). The identified E. coli were further characterized into different pathotypes. Amplification of the shig gene, LT gene, EaeA gene, Eagg gene and the ST gene were used to detect pathogenic E.coli. In Tyume River, Genes of ETEC (lt or st) were detected in 21/70 (30 percent); Gene of EPEC (eae) was detected in 14/70 specimens (35 percent); Genes of EAEC (Eagg) was detected in 14/70(35 percent) and genes of EIEC (shig) were detected in 11/70(16 percent). In Buffalo River, no DEC was recovered upstream and downstream of the river. EAEC (8 percent) was the only pathotypes recovered midstream of the river. Strains of all five E. coli categories showed high-level resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol but were highly susceptible to quinolones, aminoglycosides, and novobiocin. The highest resistance (100 percent) amongst the isolates was observed to ampicillin by EAEC, Heat Labile (ETEC) and EIEC, followed by 87.5 percent by EAEC to carbenicillin. The highest susceptibility was to quinolones (100 percent) by all the four categories of E.coli. The screening for antibiotic resistance genes revealed the absence of SHV, CTMX and TetC genes as they were not detected in any of the E.coli isolates. However, TEM genes were observed in 80 percent of the isolates. Integron conserved segment was detected in these same organisms in the same proportion as TEM
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Case study of the experiences of former street children as learners: implications for teaching and learning
- Authors: Boyana, Nokwenzeka
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Street children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies , School children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Learning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Eastern Cape -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: vital:16188 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006248 , Street children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies , School children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Learning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Eastern Cape -- South Africa
- Description: In this study the main focus is on the experiences of former street children as learners. The main emphasis of this study is the manner in which such experiences influence these children’s learning towards constructing new identities. By examining the experiences of former street children in a school environment, namely a teaching and learning environment, this study will contribute towards the literature by providing focused and relevant information pertaining to the way former street children experience learning. By focusing on these particular learners from the street, the study attempts to explore and build an insightful knowledge in terms of understanding how former street children perceive learning in relation to their present personal and past life on the streets. Through this study the researcher will hopefully be able to determine how former street children feel, experience and relate to teaching and learning within a school context. Data collection for this study included the researcher’s observations and face-to-face unstructured in-depth phenomenological interviews with learners who are formerly from the streets. Among others, the study found that these particular learners have low self- esteem, a low opinion of themselves, and lack of self- confidence. The study also revealed that some of these learners are struggling academically and would appreciate it if academic was parallel with vocational skills so as to equip them for the world of work. It also transpired that learners who have relationships with those who have not been to the streets changed their lives for the better by learning from their peers but those who have relationships with other former street children at this school continue to engage in deviant behaviour, for many schooling has helped them to reclaim their childhood identity.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Boyana, Nokwenzeka
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Street children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies , School children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Learning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Eastern Cape -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: vital:16188 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006248 , Street children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies , School children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Learning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Eastern Cape -- South Africa
- Description: In this study the main focus is on the experiences of former street children as learners. The main emphasis of this study is the manner in which such experiences influence these children’s learning towards constructing new identities. By examining the experiences of former street children in a school environment, namely a teaching and learning environment, this study will contribute towards the literature by providing focused and relevant information pertaining to the way former street children experience learning. By focusing on these particular learners from the street, the study attempts to explore and build an insightful knowledge in terms of understanding how former street children perceive learning in relation to their present personal and past life on the streets. Through this study the researcher will hopefully be able to determine how former street children feel, experience and relate to teaching and learning within a school context. Data collection for this study included the researcher’s observations and face-to-face unstructured in-depth phenomenological interviews with learners who are formerly from the streets. Among others, the study found that these particular learners have low self- esteem, a low opinion of themselves, and lack of self- confidence. The study also revealed that some of these learners are struggling academically and would appreciate it if academic was parallel with vocational skills so as to equip them for the world of work. It also transpired that learners who have relationships with those who have not been to the streets changed their lives for the better by learning from their peers but those who have relationships with other former street children at this school continue to engage in deviant behaviour, for many schooling has helped them to reclaim their childhood identity.
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Central Bank policy and the exchange rate under an inflation targeting regime: a case dtudy of South Africa
- Authors: Gonzo, Prosper
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rates -- Government policy -- South Africa , Inflation (Finance) -- South Africa , Monetary policy -- South Africa , Banks and banking, Central -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions , Banking industry -- Finance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11476 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015043 , Foreign exchange rates -- Government policy -- South Africa , Inflation (Finance) -- South Africa , Monetary policy -- South Africa , Banks and banking, Central -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions , Banking industry -- Finance -- South Africa
- Description: This work examined the optimality of the inclusion of the exchange rate in the reaction function of the Central Bank in an inflation targeting framework. The study attempts to answer the question whether the exchange rate should have an independent role in an open economy Taylor-type rule. To this end, a Taylor-type rule is incorporating the exchange rate is estimated by the cointegration and vector error correction modeling (VECM) using quarterly data for the period of 1995 to 2009. The empirical studies point out the importance of the exchange rates in explaining and forecasting the behaviour of the South African Reserve Bank monetary policy control variable.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gonzo, Prosper
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Foreign exchange rates -- Government policy -- South Africa , Inflation (Finance) -- South Africa , Monetary policy -- South Africa , Banks and banking, Central -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions , Banking industry -- Finance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11476 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015043 , Foreign exchange rates -- Government policy -- South Africa , Inflation (Finance) -- South Africa , Monetary policy -- South Africa , Banks and banking, Central -- South Africa , South Africa -- Economic conditions , Banking industry -- Finance -- South Africa
- Description: This work examined the optimality of the inclusion of the exchange rate in the reaction function of the Central Bank in an inflation targeting framework. The study attempts to answer the question whether the exchange rate should have an independent role in an open economy Taylor-type rule. To this end, a Taylor-type rule is incorporating the exchange rate is estimated by the cointegration and vector error correction modeling (VECM) using quarterly data for the period of 1995 to 2009. The empirical studies point out the importance of the exchange rates in explaining and forecasting the behaviour of the South African Reserve Bank monetary policy control variable.
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Challenges for rural tourism development in Zimbabwe: a case of the Great Zimbabwe Masvingo area
- Authors: Musasa, Gabriel
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Dev)
- Identifier: vital:11442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007317
- Description: The main focus of this study is the challenges of rural tourism development in Zimbabwe. The study identified that there is a lack of sustainable interventions in the development of rural tourism which is catalyzed by the absence of rural tourism promotion strategy to support the sustenance of livelihoods through socio-economic transformation. Meaningful socio economic transformation in the African rural areas through tourism remains a major development challenge. Development initiatives through different forms of tourism in the rural communities, has to a less magnitude benefited the rural communities and have negatively impacted the socio–economic environment. A qualitative research methodology and case study design was employed in order to have a deeper understanding of the experiences of the society around this project. Face to face interviews and focus group discussions guides were used to collect primary data. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques was employed to select respondents. Data was analysed using the transformative theory and sustainable livelihoods theory and was organized into categories and themes. The study established that the absence of a strategy is caused by political instability, community conflict, lack of finance, marketing, poor communication, and limited knowledge of tourism. All the aforementioned reasons complement each other and poise a challenge to the sustainability of rural tourism development. For Zimbabwe to effectively transform its economy through tourism, the government needs to plan the process, formulate and implement relevant economic and social development strategies and policies. Although this dissertation is a case study of sustainable rural tourism in Zimbabwe, it can be used to appreciate the role of tourism in bringing about socio-economic transformation and sustaining livelihoods in developing countries.
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- Authors: Musasa, Gabriel
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Dev)
- Identifier: vital:11442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007317
- Description: The main focus of this study is the challenges of rural tourism development in Zimbabwe. The study identified that there is a lack of sustainable interventions in the development of rural tourism which is catalyzed by the absence of rural tourism promotion strategy to support the sustenance of livelihoods through socio-economic transformation. Meaningful socio economic transformation in the African rural areas through tourism remains a major development challenge. Development initiatives through different forms of tourism in the rural communities, has to a less magnitude benefited the rural communities and have negatively impacted the socio–economic environment. A qualitative research methodology and case study design was employed in order to have a deeper understanding of the experiences of the society around this project. Face to face interviews and focus group discussions guides were used to collect primary data. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques was employed to select respondents. Data was analysed using the transformative theory and sustainable livelihoods theory and was organized into categories and themes. The study established that the absence of a strategy is caused by political instability, community conflict, lack of finance, marketing, poor communication, and limited knowledge of tourism. All the aforementioned reasons complement each other and poise a challenge to the sustainability of rural tourism development. For Zimbabwe to effectively transform its economy through tourism, the government needs to plan the process, formulate and implement relevant economic and social development strategies and policies. Although this dissertation is a case study of sustainable rural tourism in Zimbabwe, it can be used to appreciate the role of tourism in bringing about socio-economic transformation and sustaining livelihoods in developing countries.
- Full Text:
Characterization of bioflocculants produced by consortia of three marine bacteria belonging to the genera bacillus and cobetia previously isolated from the bottom sediment of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Ugbenyen, Anthony Moses https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-3428
- Authors: Ugbenyen, Anthony Moses https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-3428
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Water -- Purification -- Flocculation , Water quality management , Flocculation
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24454 , vital:62804
- Description: The bioflocculant-producing potentials of three marine bacteria isolated from the sediment samples of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were assessed. Analysis of the partial nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA of the bacteria revealed 99 percent, 99 percent, and 98 percent similarity to Cobetia sp. L222, Bacillus sp. A-5A, and Bacillus sp. HXG-C1 respectively and the sequence was deposited in GenBank as Cobetia sp. OAUIFE, Bacillus sp. MAYA and Bacillus sp. Gilbert (accession number JF799092, JF799093, and HQ537128 respectively). Cultivation condition studies for Cobetia sp. OAUIFE revealed that bioflocculant production was optimal with an inoculum size of 2 percent (v/v), initial pH of 6.0, Mn2+ as the metal ion, and glucose as the carbon source. Metal ions, including Na+, K+, Li+, Ca2+and Mg2+ stimulated bioflocculant production resulting in flocculating activity of above 90 percent. This crude bioflocculant is thermally stable, with about 78 percent of its flocculating activity remaining after heating at 100 oC for 25 min. Analysis of the purified bioflocculant revealed it to be an acidic extracellular polysaccharide. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of methoxyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl - groups in the compound bioflocculant and SEM micrograph of the bioflocculant revealed a crystal-linear structure. On the other hand, bioflocculant production by Bacillus sp. MAYA was optimal when glucose (95.6 percent flocculating activity) and ammonium nitrate (83.3 percent flocculating activity) were used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively; inoculum size was 2 percent (v/v); initial pH 6; and Ca2+ as coagulant aid. Chemical analysis of the purified bioflocculant shows that it is composed of uronic acid, neutral sugar and protein. FTIR analysis also revealed the presence of methoxyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino- groups in this bioflocculant. The bioflocculant is thermostable with about 65.6 percent residual flocculating activity retained after heating the bioflocculant at 100 oC for 25 min. However bioflocculant production by Bacillus sp. Gilbert was optimal when sodium carbonate (95.2 percent flocculating activity) and potassium nitrate (76.6 percent flocculating activity) were used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively; inoculum size was 3 percent (v/v); initial pH 9; and Al3+ as cation. The crude bioflocculant retained 44.2 percent residual flocculating activity after heating at 100 oC for 15 min. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and methylene - groups in the compound bioflocculant. SEM micrograph of the bioflocculant revealed an amorphous compound. The consortia of these bacteria strains also produced bioflocculants with high flocculating activities which were highly efficient in removing turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from brewery wastewater, diary wastewater and river water. The bioflocculants from the consortia seemed better than traditional flocculants such as alum . The characteristics of the bioflocculant produced by the consortium of Cobetia sp. OAUIFE and Bacillus sp. MAYA showed that this extracellular bioflocculant, composed of 66percent uronic acid and 31percent protein and an optimum flocculation (90 percent) of kaolin suspension, when the dosage concentration was 0.8 mg/ml, under weak alkaline pH of 8, and Ca2+ as a coagulant aid. The bioflocculant is thermally stable, with a high residual flocculating activity of 86.7 percent, 89.3 percent and 87.0 percent after heating at 50 oC, 80 oC and 100 oC for 25 min respectively. The FTIR analysis of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed a crystal-linear spongy-like bioflocculant structure and EDX analysis of the purified bioflocculant showed that the elemental composition in mass proportion of C,N,O,S and P was 6.67:6.23:37.55:0.38:4.42 (percent w/w). However, the characteristics of the bioflocculant produced by the consortium of Cobetia sp OAUIFE and Bacillus sp. Gilbert showed an optimum flocculation (90 percent) of kaolin suspension when the dosage concentration was 0.2 mg/ml, under neutral pH of 7, and Ca2+ as a coagulant aid. The FTIR analysis of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed an amorphous morphology. On the other hand the bioflocculant produced by the consortium of Bacillus sp. MAYA and Bacillus sp. Gilbert showed similar characteristic with the bioflocculant from the consortium of Cobetia sp. OAUIFE and Bacillus sp. Gilbert except for Al3+ being the preferred coagulant aid. The characteristics of the bioflocculant produced by the consortium of Cobetia sp. OAUIFE, Bacillus sp. MAYA and Bacillus sp. Gilbert showed an optimum flocculation (87 percent) of kaolin suspension when the dosage concentration was 1.0 mg/ml. Under strong alkaline pH of 12, flocculating activity reached (95 percent) when Al3+ was the coagulant aid. The FTIR analysis of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl and phosphoryl functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed a flaky amorphous morphological structure. Due to the excellent COD and turbidity removal efficiencies of the bioflocculants produced by the consortia, these make those attractive candidates for use in water and wastewater treatment. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2013
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ugbenyen, Anthony Moses https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-3428
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Water -- Purification -- Flocculation , Water quality management , Flocculation
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24454 , vital:62804
- Description: The bioflocculant-producing potentials of three marine bacteria isolated from the sediment samples of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were assessed. Analysis of the partial nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA of the bacteria revealed 99 percent, 99 percent, and 98 percent similarity to Cobetia sp. L222, Bacillus sp. A-5A, and Bacillus sp. HXG-C1 respectively and the sequence was deposited in GenBank as Cobetia sp. OAUIFE, Bacillus sp. MAYA and Bacillus sp. Gilbert (accession number JF799092, JF799093, and HQ537128 respectively). Cultivation condition studies for Cobetia sp. OAUIFE revealed that bioflocculant production was optimal with an inoculum size of 2 percent (v/v), initial pH of 6.0, Mn2+ as the metal ion, and glucose as the carbon source. Metal ions, including Na+, K+, Li+, Ca2+and Mg2+ stimulated bioflocculant production resulting in flocculating activity of above 90 percent. This crude bioflocculant is thermally stable, with about 78 percent of its flocculating activity remaining after heating at 100 oC for 25 min. Analysis of the purified bioflocculant revealed it to be an acidic extracellular polysaccharide. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of methoxyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl - groups in the compound bioflocculant and SEM micrograph of the bioflocculant revealed a crystal-linear structure. On the other hand, bioflocculant production by Bacillus sp. MAYA was optimal when glucose (95.6 percent flocculating activity) and ammonium nitrate (83.3 percent flocculating activity) were used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively; inoculum size was 2 percent (v/v); initial pH 6; and Ca2+ as coagulant aid. Chemical analysis of the purified bioflocculant shows that it is composed of uronic acid, neutral sugar and protein. FTIR analysis also revealed the presence of methoxyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino- groups in this bioflocculant. The bioflocculant is thermostable with about 65.6 percent residual flocculating activity retained after heating the bioflocculant at 100 oC for 25 min. However bioflocculant production by Bacillus sp. Gilbert was optimal when sodium carbonate (95.2 percent flocculating activity) and potassium nitrate (76.6 percent flocculating activity) were used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively; inoculum size was 3 percent (v/v); initial pH 9; and Al3+ as cation. The crude bioflocculant retained 44.2 percent residual flocculating activity after heating at 100 oC for 15 min. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and methylene - groups in the compound bioflocculant. SEM micrograph of the bioflocculant revealed an amorphous compound. The consortia of these bacteria strains also produced bioflocculants with high flocculating activities which were highly efficient in removing turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from brewery wastewater, diary wastewater and river water. The bioflocculants from the consortia seemed better than traditional flocculants such as alum . The characteristics of the bioflocculant produced by the consortium of Cobetia sp. OAUIFE and Bacillus sp. MAYA showed that this extracellular bioflocculant, composed of 66percent uronic acid and 31percent protein and an optimum flocculation (90 percent) of kaolin suspension, when the dosage concentration was 0.8 mg/ml, under weak alkaline pH of 8, and Ca2+ as a coagulant aid. The bioflocculant is thermally stable, with a high residual flocculating activity of 86.7 percent, 89.3 percent and 87.0 percent after heating at 50 oC, 80 oC and 100 oC for 25 min respectively. The FTIR analysis of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed a crystal-linear spongy-like bioflocculant structure and EDX analysis of the purified bioflocculant showed that the elemental composition in mass proportion of C,N,O,S and P was 6.67:6.23:37.55:0.38:4.42 (percent w/w). However, the characteristics of the bioflocculant produced by the consortium of Cobetia sp OAUIFE and Bacillus sp. Gilbert showed an optimum flocculation (90 percent) of kaolin suspension when the dosage concentration was 0.2 mg/ml, under neutral pH of 7, and Ca2+ as a coagulant aid. The FTIR analysis of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed an amorphous morphology. On the other hand the bioflocculant produced by the consortium of Bacillus sp. MAYA and Bacillus sp. Gilbert showed similar characteristic with the bioflocculant from the consortium of Cobetia sp. OAUIFE and Bacillus sp. Gilbert except for Al3+ being the preferred coagulant aid. The characteristics of the bioflocculant produced by the consortium of Cobetia sp. OAUIFE, Bacillus sp. MAYA and Bacillus sp. Gilbert showed an optimum flocculation (87 percent) of kaolin suspension when the dosage concentration was 1.0 mg/ml. Under strong alkaline pH of 12, flocculating activity reached (95 percent) when Al3+ was the coagulant aid. The FTIR analysis of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl and phosphoryl functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed a flaky amorphous morphological structure. Due to the excellent COD and turbidity removal efficiencies of the bioflocculants produced by the consortia, these make those attractive candidates for use in water and wastewater treatment. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2013
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Client satisfaction with midwifery services rendered at Empilweni Gompo and Nontyuatyambo community health centres in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mfundisi, Nokwamkela Pearl
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Primary health care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community health services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community health nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Midwifery -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Midwives -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Nursing Science)
- Identifier: vital:11908 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006902 , Primary health care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community health services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community health nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Midwifery -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Midwives -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients were satisfied with midwifery services rendered at the two Community Health Centres in the Eastern Cape Province.The study sites were Empilweni Gompo and Nontyatyambo Community Health Centres. Descriptive quantitative study design was employed, using a questionnaire with closed and open ended questions as the data collecting tool. Likert Scale was used to measure the following variables: quality care variables to measure level of satisfaction with midwifery services rendered and to determine positive and negative perceptions regarding quality of care received during antenatal, labour and postnatal period. Non-random convenience sampling of sixty pregnant women, thirty from each Community Health Centre, with two or more antenatal subsequent visits and forty postpartum women, twenty from each health facility, six hours after delivery if there were no complications. Out of 60 participants interviewed n=60 (100 percent) agreed that individual counseling and importance of HIV testing was explained.The majority of participants n=53(88 percent) disagreed that they were educated about focused antenatal visits. Out of 60 participants interviewed n=41(68 percent) agreed that delivery plan formed part of their ANC visits and n=18 (30 percent) disagreed. Of the 60 participants interviewed n=11(18 percent) agreed that they were told that they had the right to choose labour companions and n=48 (80 percent) disagreed.Out of 60 participants interviewed n=23 (38 percent) stated that they waited a long period of time without being attended to by midwives. In general, the study revealed high satisfaction level with intrapartum and postnatal care due to functional accessibility of both Community Health Centres. Both health centres delivered normal healthy babies and mothers. However, the participants were dissatisfied with antenatal care rendered at the two facilities. The researcher’s recommendations were based on the closing of gaps that were identified with regard to the implementation of Basic Antenatal Care; birth companions: health education deficiency; community involvement and participation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mfundisi, Nokwamkela Pearl
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Primary health care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community health services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community health nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Midwifery -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Midwives -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Nursing Science)
- Identifier: vital:11908 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006902 , Primary health care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community health services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community health nursing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Midwifery -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Midwives -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients were satisfied with midwifery services rendered at the two Community Health Centres in the Eastern Cape Province.The study sites were Empilweni Gompo and Nontyatyambo Community Health Centres. Descriptive quantitative study design was employed, using a questionnaire with closed and open ended questions as the data collecting tool. Likert Scale was used to measure the following variables: quality care variables to measure level of satisfaction with midwifery services rendered and to determine positive and negative perceptions regarding quality of care received during antenatal, labour and postnatal period. Non-random convenience sampling of sixty pregnant women, thirty from each Community Health Centre, with two or more antenatal subsequent visits and forty postpartum women, twenty from each health facility, six hours after delivery if there were no complications. Out of 60 participants interviewed n=60 (100 percent) agreed that individual counseling and importance of HIV testing was explained.The majority of participants n=53(88 percent) disagreed that they were educated about focused antenatal visits. Out of 60 participants interviewed n=41(68 percent) agreed that delivery plan formed part of their ANC visits and n=18 (30 percent) disagreed. Of the 60 participants interviewed n=11(18 percent) agreed that they were told that they had the right to choose labour companions and n=48 (80 percent) disagreed.Out of 60 participants interviewed n=23 (38 percent) stated that they waited a long period of time without being attended to by midwives. In general, the study revealed high satisfaction level with intrapartum and postnatal care due to functional accessibility of both Community Health Centres. Both health centres delivered normal healthy babies and mothers. However, the participants were dissatisfied with antenatal care rendered at the two facilities. The researcher’s recommendations were based on the closing of gaps that were identified with regard to the implementation of Basic Antenatal Care; birth companions: health education deficiency; community involvement and participation.
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Communication practices of NGOs in poverty alleviation programmes in rural communities of Zimbabwe: the case of Deutsche Welthungerhilfe German Agro Action (GAA) in Gowke South Rural District
- Authors: Tasaranago, Collet
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Deutsche Welthungerhilfe , Poverty -- Prevention , Non-governmental organizations , Communication in economic development , Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Midlands Province (Zimbabwe)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Com)
- Identifier: vital:11366 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006028 , Deutsche Welthungerhilfe , Poverty -- Prevention , Non-governmental organizations , Communication in economic development , Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Midlands Province (Zimbabwe)
- Description: The aim of this study was to analyse the communication practices of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in their poverty alleviation programmes, using Deutsche Weltihungerhilfe German Agro Action (GAA) in Gokwe South Rural District, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe as a case study. The study was based on the premise that effective communication is essential for successful poverty alleviation programmes. Communication facilitates the diffusion of innovations and encourages active participation by local people in programmes. It is also clear that despite several attempts to end the social malaise, poverty still persists. While several factors such as corruption, misappropriation of funds and misdirection of programs are not innocuous considering the failures of poverty alleviation programmes, communication is an indispensible tool to their success. It therefore becomes imperative that the communication practices be evaluated to identify the missing links. It is evident that by so doing, going forward, NGOs can effectively communicate with the local people and advances towards poverty alleviation can be realised. To this end, third world countries amongst them Zimbabwe and particularly rural communities, Gokwe included continue to suffer from poverty despite a number of programmes to address the pandemic by NGOs. The study was guided by the tenets of the Diffusion of innovations and Participatory development communication theories. These theories were considered the most applicable in terms of the research subject. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods and it was carried out in four of the wards in the district. The research methods were applied to solicit information from the rural people on how communication took place between the organisation and the community. The study found out that GAA used mainly the Indigenous Communication Systems (ICSs) in form of meetings and interpersonal face-toface communication modes. Names of projects were also fairly used for communication. The Modern Communication Systems (MCSs) used were cell phones and letters. GAA used local Page v languages mainly Shona and Ndebele and was flexible with the use of the indigenous languages. English language was also used for communication. The communication modes as well as the languages used were effective. The research also analysed and evaluated the communication practices by GAA. The study found out that the organisation effectively used the communication modes which were available for use but there were limitations in terms of access to other communication modes, especially the modern mediums due to poor infrastructure, state monopolisation of the mass media industry using regulations and fear of political persecution. The modern communication modes which GAA did not have access to could facilitate the diffusion of innovations and provide adequate information for active participation by the rural people in poverty alleviation programmes. The study also found out that only one person had heard about GAA through radio and no-one heard about GAA through the television, magazine or newspaper. The orgnanisation did not use these forms of mass media. In addition, the integration of ICSs and MCSs would provide an effective feedback system in Gokwe South Rural District. The researcher suggested the Tilled Communication Field approach whereby every stakeholder is required to make sure that the ICSs and MCSs are available for use by anyone at anytime for development purposes. There is need to give everyone adequate opportunity to use all the communication systems and users are advised to use communication for positive purposes, poverty alleviation included.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tasaranago, Collet
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Deutsche Welthungerhilfe , Poverty -- Prevention , Non-governmental organizations , Communication in economic development , Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Midlands Province (Zimbabwe)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Com)
- Identifier: vital:11366 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006028 , Deutsche Welthungerhilfe , Poverty -- Prevention , Non-governmental organizations , Communication in economic development , Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Midlands Province (Zimbabwe)
- Description: The aim of this study was to analyse the communication practices of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in their poverty alleviation programmes, using Deutsche Weltihungerhilfe German Agro Action (GAA) in Gokwe South Rural District, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe as a case study. The study was based on the premise that effective communication is essential for successful poverty alleviation programmes. Communication facilitates the diffusion of innovations and encourages active participation by local people in programmes. It is also clear that despite several attempts to end the social malaise, poverty still persists. While several factors such as corruption, misappropriation of funds and misdirection of programs are not innocuous considering the failures of poverty alleviation programmes, communication is an indispensible tool to their success. It therefore becomes imperative that the communication practices be evaluated to identify the missing links. It is evident that by so doing, going forward, NGOs can effectively communicate with the local people and advances towards poverty alleviation can be realised. To this end, third world countries amongst them Zimbabwe and particularly rural communities, Gokwe included continue to suffer from poverty despite a number of programmes to address the pandemic by NGOs. The study was guided by the tenets of the Diffusion of innovations and Participatory development communication theories. These theories were considered the most applicable in terms of the research subject. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods and it was carried out in four of the wards in the district. The research methods were applied to solicit information from the rural people on how communication took place between the organisation and the community. The study found out that GAA used mainly the Indigenous Communication Systems (ICSs) in form of meetings and interpersonal face-toface communication modes. Names of projects were also fairly used for communication. The Modern Communication Systems (MCSs) used were cell phones and letters. GAA used local Page v languages mainly Shona and Ndebele and was flexible with the use of the indigenous languages. English language was also used for communication. The communication modes as well as the languages used were effective. The research also analysed and evaluated the communication practices by GAA. The study found out that the organisation effectively used the communication modes which were available for use but there were limitations in terms of access to other communication modes, especially the modern mediums due to poor infrastructure, state monopolisation of the mass media industry using regulations and fear of political persecution. The modern communication modes which GAA did not have access to could facilitate the diffusion of innovations and provide adequate information for active participation by the rural people in poverty alleviation programmes. The study also found out that only one person had heard about GAA through radio and no-one heard about GAA through the television, magazine or newspaper. The orgnanisation did not use these forms of mass media. In addition, the integration of ICSs and MCSs would provide an effective feedback system in Gokwe South Rural District. The researcher suggested the Tilled Communication Field approach whereby every stakeholder is required to make sure that the ICSs and MCSs are available for use by anyone at anytime for development purposes. There is need to give everyone adequate opportunity to use all the communication systems and users are advised to use communication for positive purposes, poverty alleviation included.
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Comparative phytochemical analyses of Aloe Ferox Mill. found in Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa
- Authors: Adams, Zanele
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Phytochemicals -- South Africa , Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Botanical chemistry -- South Africa , Aloe -- Analysis , Aloe -- Research -- South Africa , Aloin
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Botany)
- Identifier: vital:11308 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013114 , Phytochemicals -- South Africa , Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Botanical chemistry -- South Africa , Aloe -- Analysis , Aloe -- Research -- South Africa , Aloin
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- Authors: Adams, Zanele
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Phytochemicals -- South Africa , Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Botanical chemistry -- South Africa , Aloe -- Analysis , Aloe -- Research -- South Africa , Aloin
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Botany)
- Identifier: vital:11308 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013114 , Phytochemicals -- South Africa , Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Botanical chemistry -- South Africa , Aloe -- Analysis , Aloe -- Research -- South Africa , Aloin
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Design, implementation and evaluation of a directly water cooled photovoltaic- thermal system
- Authors: Mtunzi, Busiso
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Sensitivity analysis -- Photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) , Solar utilization -- Carbon emission
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Physics)
- Identifier: vital:11597 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016198 , Sensitivity analysis -- Photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) , Solar utilization -- Carbon emission
- Description: This research project was based on the Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Water heating system in South Africa, Eastern Cape Province. The purpose of the study was to design and investigate the scientific and economic contribution of direct water cooling on the photovoltaic module. The method involved performance comparison of two photovoltaic modules, one naturally cooled (M1) and the other, direct water cooled module (M2). Module M2 was used to produce warm water and electricity, hence, a hybrid system. The study focused on comparing the modules’ efficiency, power output and their performance. The temperatures attained by water through cooling the module were monitored as well as the electrical energy generated. A data logger and a low cost I/V characteristic system were used for data collection for a full year. The data were then used for performance analysis of the modules. The results of the study revealed that the directly water cooled module could operate at a higher electrical efficiency for 87% of the day and initially produced 3.63% more electrical energy each day. This was found to be true for the first three months after installation. In the remaining months to the end of the year M2 was found to have more losses as compared to M1 as evidenced by the modules’ performance ratios. The directly water cooled module also showed an energy saving efficiency of 61%. A solar utilization of 47.93% was found for M2 while 8.77% was found for M1. Economically, the project was found to be viable and the payback period of the directly cooled module (M2) system was found to be 9.8 years. Energy economics showed that the system was more sensitive to the price changes and to the energy output as compared to other inputs such as operation and maintenance and years of operation. A generation cost of R0.84/kWh from the system was found and when compared to the potential revenue of R1.18 per kWh, the system was found to enable households to make a profit of 40.5 %. Use of such a system was also found to be able to contribute 9.55% towards carbon emission reduction each year. From these results, it was concluded that a directly cooled photovoltaic/thermal heating (PV/T) system is possible and that it can be of much help in terms of warm water and electricity provision.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mtunzi, Busiso
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Sensitivity analysis -- Photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) , Solar utilization -- Carbon emission
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Physics)
- Identifier: vital:11597 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016198 , Sensitivity analysis -- Photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) , Solar utilization -- Carbon emission
- Description: This research project was based on the Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Water heating system in South Africa, Eastern Cape Province. The purpose of the study was to design and investigate the scientific and economic contribution of direct water cooling on the photovoltaic module. The method involved performance comparison of two photovoltaic modules, one naturally cooled (M1) and the other, direct water cooled module (M2). Module M2 was used to produce warm water and electricity, hence, a hybrid system. The study focused on comparing the modules’ efficiency, power output and their performance. The temperatures attained by water through cooling the module were monitored as well as the electrical energy generated. A data logger and a low cost I/V characteristic system were used for data collection for a full year. The data were then used for performance analysis of the modules. The results of the study revealed that the directly water cooled module could operate at a higher electrical efficiency for 87% of the day and initially produced 3.63% more electrical energy each day. This was found to be true for the first three months after installation. In the remaining months to the end of the year M2 was found to have more losses as compared to M1 as evidenced by the modules’ performance ratios. The directly water cooled module also showed an energy saving efficiency of 61%. A solar utilization of 47.93% was found for M2 while 8.77% was found for M1. Economically, the project was found to be viable and the payback period of the directly cooled module (M2) system was found to be 9.8 years. Energy economics showed that the system was more sensitive to the price changes and to the energy output as compared to other inputs such as operation and maintenance and years of operation. A generation cost of R0.84/kWh from the system was found and when compared to the potential revenue of R1.18 per kWh, the system was found to enable households to make a profit of 40.5 %. Use of such a system was also found to be able to contribute 9.55% towards carbon emission reduction each year. From these results, it was concluded that a directly cooled photovoltaic/thermal heating (PV/T) system is possible and that it can be of much help in terms of warm water and electricity provision.
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Determinants of household savings in South Africa: an econometric approach
- Authors: Chipote, Precious
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11479 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015281
- Description: Savings play a crucial role in promoting economic growth through their effect on investments. In addition, savings cushion the economy against fluctuating international capital flows. In periods of low or fluctuating capital, domestic savings are essential to finance high levels of capital formation thereby leading to increased productivity and sustainable economic growth. In South Africa saving levels have been declining, particularly household savings. This has been a major cause of concern as low savings hinder economic growth. In light of this, the study explored the determinants of household savings in South Africa over the period 1990 to 2011 using quarterly data. Based on the review of the theoretical and empirical literature, particular attention was paid to the effects of age dependency ratio, the level of household income, inflation and real interest rate on household savings. Apart from informal graphical test, the study employed the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips Perron unit root tests to test for stationarity in the time series. To identify the long-run and short-run dynamics among the variables, the study used the Johansen co-integration and the Error Correction Mechanism. Results of the study indicated that age dependency ratio, inflation and real interest rate have a positive impact on household savings whilst income has a negative long run relationship with household savings. In addition, the findings revealed that income, inflation and real interest rate play a major role in determining household savings whereas age dependency ratio is insignificant. The study recommends that the government should employ a countercyclical fiscal policy to avoid the development of excessive current account deficits during periods of more rapid economic growth, rising investment and falling saving.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chipote, Precious
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11479 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015281
- Description: Savings play a crucial role in promoting economic growth through their effect on investments. In addition, savings cushion the economy against fluctuating international capital flows. In periods of low or fluctuating capital, domestic savings are essential to finance high levels of capital formation thereby leading to increased productivity and sustainable economic growth. In South Africa saving levels have been declining, particularly household savings. This has been a major cause of concern as low savings hinder economic growth. In light of this, the study explored the determinants of household savings in South Africa over the period 1990 to 2011 using quarterly data. Based on the review of the theoretical and empirical literature, particular attention was paid to the effects of age dependency ratio, the level of household income, inflation and real interest rate on household savings. Apart from informal graphical test, the study employed the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips Perron unit root tests to test for stationarity in the time series. To identify the long-run and short-run dynamics among the variables, the study used the Johansen co-integration and the Error Correction Mechanism. Results of the study indicated that age dependency ratio, inflation and real interest rate have a positive impact on household savings whilst income has a negative long run relationship with household savings. In addition, the findings revealed that income, inflation and real interest rate play a major role in determining household savings whereas age dependency ratio is insignificant. The study recommends that the government should employ a countercyclical fiscal policy to avoid the development of excessive current account deficits during periods of more rapid economic growth, rising investment and falling saving.
- Full Text:
Dynamic linkages between monetary policy and the stock market: the case of South Africa
- Authors: Mabitle, Mope
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Johannesburg Stock Exchange , South African Reserve Bank , Monetary policy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11483 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015290 , Johannesburg Stock Exchange , South African Reserve Bank , Monetary policy -- South Africa
- Description: This study analyses the linkage between monetary policy and the stock market in South Africa using monthly data for the period from 2000 to 2010. It provides an overview of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the monetary regimes adopted by the South African Reserve Bank since the 1960s and the interrelation between the monetary variables and the stock market. It also provides a review of literature, both theoretical and empirical on the linkages between the two variables. Based on the review of literature, a Vector Autoregression [VAR] model was chosen as a method of analyzing the relationship between the two variables. The empirical results revealed that there is no long term relationship between the variables, however, in the short-run there is a dynamic relationship between monetary policy and the stock market in South Africa. This implies that innovations in the stock market affect the implementation of monetary policy and vice-versa. The study recommended that monetary authorities should pay attention to the fact that the stock market performance has a great impact on their decision making due to the fact it is greatly affected by repo rates.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mabitle, Mope
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Johannesburg Stock Exchange , South African Reserve Bank , Monetary policy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11483 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015290 , Johannesburg Stock Exchange , South African Reserve Bank , Monetary policy -- South Africa
- Description: This study analyses the linkage between monetary policy and the stock market in South Africa using monthly data for the period from 2000 to 2010. It provides an overview of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the monetary regimes adopted by the South African Reserve Bank since the 1960s and the interrelation between the monetary variables and the stock market. It also provides a review of literature, both theoretical and empirical on the linkages between the two variables. Based on the review of literature, a Vector Autoregression [VAR] model was chosen as a method of analyzing the relationship between the two variables. The empirical results revealed that there is no long term relationship between the variables, however, in the short-run there is a dynamic relationship between monetary policy and the stock market in South Africa. This implies that innovations in the stock market affect the implementation of monetary policy and vice-versa. The study recommended that monetary authorities should pay attention to the fact that the stock market performance has a great impact on their decision making due to the fact it is greatly affected by repo rates.
- Full Text:
Econometric analysis of labour demand in the South African textiles, clothing and footwear manufacturing sector: 1990-2012
- Authors: Chikwanha, Tafadzwa R
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11498 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018551
- Description: South Africa in its quest for socio-economic improvement still faces the problem of persistent unemployment. Unemployment in South Africa is very intricate and therefore makes it a complex challenge to tackle for policy makers. Differing unemployment phenomena exist in different sectors of the economy. Some sectors are facing employment growth while others are declining. This study examines the possible major determinants of labour demand (employment) in the textiles, clothing and footwear manufacturing sector in South Africa. The study is based on semi-annual time series data from 1990 to 2012. The Johansen (1991) model is used to examine the trends. The model is an error correction model imposed upon a vector autoregressive model. The results obtained showed that wages and imports both have negative relationships with the demand for workers. Based on these two important results, policy recommendations were made. The study recommended the introduction of a sector-based wage subsidy. The wage structure in South Africa is a perpetually problematic factor of the labour market and therefore a significant determinant in the viability of business and investment. Secondly, the import structure on textiles, clothing and footwear is not clearly and thoroughly setup. A complete restructuring of import tariffs on the entire sector is suggested.
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- Authors: Chikwanha, Tafadzwa R
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com
- Identifier: vital:11498 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018551
- Description: South Africa in its quest for socio-economic improvement still faces the problem of persistent unemployment. Unemployment in South Africa is very intricate and therefore makes it a complex challenge to tackle for policy makers. Differing unemployment phenomena exist in different sectors of the economy. Some sectors are facing employment growth while others are declining. This study examines the possible major determinants of labour demand (employment) in the textiles, clothing and footwear manufacturing sector in South Africa. The study is based on semi-annual time series data from 1990 to 2012. The Johansen (1991) model is used to examine the trends. The model is an error correction model imposed upon a vector autoregressive model. The results obtained showed that wages and imports both have negative relationships with the demand for workers. Based on these two important results, policy recommendations were made. The study recommended the introduction of a sector-based wage subsidy. The wage structure in South Africa is a perpetually problematic factor of the labour market and therefore a significant determinant in the viability of business and investment. Secondly, the import structure on textiles, clothing and footwear is not clearly and thoroughly setup. A complete restructuring of import tariffs on the entire sector is suggested.
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Education District Office support for teaching and learning in schools: the case of two districts in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mavuso, Mzuyanda Percival
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Schools -- Development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management teams -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School administrators -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School supervision -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School improvement programs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational evaluation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Education)
- Identifier: vital:16194 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006259 , Schools -- Development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management teams -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School administrators -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School supervision -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School improvement programs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational evaluation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The idea of district support for schools is based on the view that local education offices are best placed to play a critical role in the promotion of quality teaching and learning. In performing this mandate whose characterisation has, over time, moved away from ‘inspection’ and ‘supervision’ both of which are seen as old fashioned and undemocratic, to support, which is seen as developmental. The aim of this study was to understand how three categories of district based officers, Subject Advisors, Integrated Quality Management System Coordinators and Education Development Officers support teaching and learning in schools. This was a case study of two districts in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A total of six district officials and four school based officials participated in this study. In-depth interviews and document analysis were carried out. There were four main findings. First, support for schools by three district based officials was understood and practiced as administrative tasks, mainly consisting of monitoring policy implementation and monitoring resource provision to schools. School Management Teams saw district officers’ visits as focussing on compliance rather than support. Second, some pedagogical support was given by Subject Advisors through training teachers in subject content and methods of teaching that subject. This was done through workshops and demonstration lessons. However Subject Advisors did not at any time observe actual classroom teaching to see if teachers were implementing what they had learnt at workshops. Third, none of the officers mentioned direct support for teaching and learning at classroom level. Visits by officials were not directly linked to influencing teaching and learning classroom level. Fourth, schools saw district officials as working in separate pockets and sometimes sending different signals to them, despite claims by district officials that inter-disciplinary meetings were held among district officials, however, the nature of the coordination and the use to which it is put remains unclear. There were three main conclusions, first that although the district officials’ visits to schools were described as support, they exhibited the trappings of technicism of inspection; supervision and control; and appeared to neglect the developmental aspects implied in the notion of support. Second, the conception and practice of support visits by district officials were characterised by tension between support and control. Third, at district level support to schools lacked coordination among the three categories of officers who visit schools. This has implications for quality management in schools. Given the findings and conclusions of this study; it is recommended that the issue of support for schools be the focus of a survey research for which a probability sample must be drawn in order to generate findings that are generalisable across the participating target population. Other research could focus on investigating mechanisms by which the tension between support and control can be resolved. To improve practice of a framework for the development of a coordinated district support focusing on the core business of teaching and learning is suggested.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mavuso, Mzuyanda Percival
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Schools -- Development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management teams -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School administrators -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School supervision -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School improvement programs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational evaluation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Education)
- Identifier: vital:16194 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006259 , Schools -- Development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School management teams -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School administrators -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School supervision -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School improvement programs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational evaluation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The idea of district support for schools is based on the view that local education offices are best placed to play a critical role in the promotion of quality teaching and learning. In performing this mandate whose characterisation has, over time, moved away from ‘inspection’ and ‘supervision’ both of which are seen as old fashioned and undemocratic, to support, which is seen as developmental. The aim of this study was to understand how three categories of district based officers, Subject Advisors, Integrated Quality Management System Coordinators and Education Development Officers support teaching and learning in schools. This was a case study of two districts in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A total of six district officials and four school based officials participated in this study. In-depth interviews and document analysis were carried out. There were four main findings. First, support for schools by three district based officials was understood and practiced as administrative tasks, mainly consisting of monitoring policy implementation and monitoring resource provision to schools. School Management Teams saw district officers’ visits as focussing on compliance rather than support. Second, some pedagogical support was given by Subject Advisors through training teachers in subject content and methods of teaching that subject. This was done through workshops and demonstration lessons. However Subject Advisors did not at any time observe actual classroom teaching to see if teachers were implementing what they had learnt at workshops. Third, none of the officers mentioned direct support for teaching and learning at classroom level. Visits by officials were not directly linked to influencing teaching and learning classroom level. Fourth, schools saw district officials as working in separate pockets and sometimes sending different signals to them, despite claims by district officials that inter-disciplinary meetings were held among district officials, however, the nature of the coordination and the use to which it is put remains unclear. There were three main conclusions, first that although the district officials’ visits to schools were described as support, they exhibited the trappings of technicism of inspection; supervision and control; and appeared to neglect the developmental aspects implied in the notion of support. Second, the conception and practice of support visits by district officials were characterised by tension between support and control. Third, at district level support to schools lacked coordination among the three categories of officers who visit schools. This has implications for quality management in schools. Given the findings and conclusions of this study; it is recommended that the issue of support for schools be the focus of a survey research for which a probability sample must be drawn in order to generate findings that are generalisable across the participating target population. Other research could focus on investigating mechanisms by which the tension between support and control can be resolved. To improve practice of a framework for the development of a coordinated district support focusing on the core business of teaching and learning is suggested.
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Effect of agricultural extension services on beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project: the case of Ncera and Kwezana villages, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Gwala, Lindokuhle
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Agricultural assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural extension work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11219 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019814 , Agricultural assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural extension work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The study was conducted to determine the effect of agricultural extension services on beneficiaries of the Nguni Cattle project in Ncera and Kwezana villages, both in Nkonkobe local Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province. The objectives of this study were to determine the quality of extension services offered to the beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project, relationship between extension officers and beneficiaries of the project, lastly was to determine communication strategies used by extension officers to communicate with the project beneficiaries. A total of 73 Nguni cattle project beneficiaries were interviewed. Semi- structured questionnaires were administered to the beneficiaries of the project who were willing to participate in the study. Xhosa speaking enumerators assisted in data collection. Focus group discussions were later carried out in both villages to determine effect of agricultural extension services on socio-economic status of the beneficiaries. The focus groups were divided into three groups of different ages and gender. The majority of the beneficiaries in the project were males (62.2 % Ncera and 75% Kwezana). There was an association between gender and extension services. Farmers depended on different sources of income. Old age pension and animal sales being the main contributing sources and also having a significant difference. The results of the study further revealed that the beneficiaries were faced with cattle production challenges, lack of extension support services being the main challenge. The results of the study indicated that the majority of beneficiaries had no access to extension services. Only 37.8% and 32.1 % at Ncera and Kwezana respectively reported that they had access to extension services. Although the latter is the case it was further explained by the beneficiaries that extension services offered to them were of poor quality due to poor communication strategies used to provide these services. Beneficiaries also reported the relationship between them and extension officers’ as poor. It was concluded that extension services had an effect on beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project, largely based on the constraints they face on the project and limited access to extension services.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gwala, Lindokuhle
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Agricultural assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural extension work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11219 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019814 , Agricultural assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural extension work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture, Cooperative -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- Education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The study was conducted to determine the effect of agricultural extension services on beneficiaries of the Nguni Cattle project in Ncera and Kwezana villages, both in Nkonkobe local Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province. The objectives of this study were to determine the quality of extension services offered to the beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project, relationship between extension officers and beneficiaries of the project, lastly was to determine communication strategies used by extension officers to communicate with the project beneficiaries. A total of 73 Nguni cattle project beneficiaries were interviewed. Semi- structured questionnaires were administered to the beneficiaries of the project who were willing to participate in the study. Xhosa speaking enumerators assisted in data collection. Focus group discussions were later carried out in both villages to determine effect of agricultural extension services on socio-economic status of the beneficiaries. The focus groups were divided into three groups of different ages and gender. The majority of the beneficiaries in the project were males (62.2 % Ncera and 75% Kwezana). There was an association between gender and extension services. Farmers depended on different sources of income. Old age pension and animal sales being the main contributing sources and also having a significant difference. The results of the study further revealed that the beneficiaries were faced with cattle production challenges, lack of extension support services being the main challenge. The results of the study indicated that the majority of beneficiaries had no access to extension services. Only 37.8% and 32.1 % at Ncera and Kwezana respectively reported that they had access to extension services. Although the latter is the case it was further explained by the beneficiaries that extension services offered to them were of poor quality due to poor communication strategies used to provide these services. Beneficiaries also reported the relationship between them and extension officers’ as poor. It was concluded that extension services had an effect on beneficiaries of the Nguni cattle project, largely based on the constraints they face on the project and limited access to extension services.
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Effect of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf meal on feed conversion efficiency, meat quality, fatty acid composition, shelf life and consumer health-related perceptions of pork
- Authors: Mukumbo, Felicitas Esnart
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Moringa oleifera , Meat -- Quality , Feed utilization efficiency
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Animal Science)
- Identifier: vital:11827 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016071 , Moringa oleifera , Meat -- Quality , Feed utilization efficiency
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine the feed conversion efficiency (FCE), carcass characteristics, physico-chemical quality, fatty acid (FA) composition and shelf life of pork from pigs fed diets containing either 0% (T1), 2.5% (T2), 5% (T3) or 7.5% (T4) Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM). Consumer health-related perceptions on pork and fatty acids were also investigated. Twenty four crossbred Large White x Landrace pigs of both sexes at 18 weeks of age and initially weighing 71.6 kg on average were housed individually and had ad libitum access to one of the four dietary treatments for a period of six weeks. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated as an indication of FCE and pigs were slaughtered at an average live weight of 99.6 kg. Carcass traits such as back fat thickness (BFT), carcass temperatures and pH readings taken 45 minutes and 24 hours (pH45 and pHu) post mortem were recorded. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) samples were taken from each carcass for the determination of lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), thawing loss percentage (TL%), cooking loss percentage (CL%), Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF), shelf life and FA composition. Furthermore a survey was conducted amongst 80 University of Fort Hare Students to determine their health-related perceptions on pork and fatty acids as well as their pork consumption frequency using questionnaires. The FCE of pigs fed on 0-5% MOLM (T1, T2 and T3) diets did not differ significantly, but the FCE of pigs fed 7.5% MOLM (T4) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced. No significant relationship was reported between inclusion of MOLM carcass characteristics and physico-chemical pork quality. There was however a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the shelf life of the pork from MOLM fed pigs in terms of colour and odour during 10 days of refrigerated storage (at 3±1°C). There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the total intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the saturated fatty acid (SFA) C18:0 (stearic acid) content and an overall non-significant (p>0.05) increase in the poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of pork from MOLM fed pigs. The possible reason for this is that the feeding of MOLM was commenced when the pigs were at an advanced age and weight. The survey revealed that the majority of interviewed students consume fresh (39.7%) and processed (32.4%) pork two to three times a week, perceive pork to be generally healthy (70%) and the second most healthy meat type (39.5%). While the majority (55.4%) were aware of the health implications of FAs they did not know which FA classes pose more of a health risk (51.3%). In conclusion2.5% and 5% of MOLM in finisher pig feed did not negatively affect FCE, carcass characteristics or physico-chemical meat quality; significantly improved pork shelf life and reduced total IMF and SFA content of pork but 7.5% MOLM negatively affected FCE; and the majority of students perceive pork to be the second most healthy type of meat and are generally aware of the health implications of FAs.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mukumbo, Felicitas Esnart
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Moringa oleifera , Meat -- Quality , Feed utilization efficiency
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Animal Science)
- Identifier: vital:11827 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016071 , Moringa oleifera , Meat -- Quality , Feed utilization efficiency
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine the feed conversion efficiency (FCE), carcass characteristics, physico-chemical quality, fatty acid (FA) composition and shelf life of pork from pigs fed diets containing either 0% (T1), 2.5% (T2), 5% (T3) or 7.5% (T4) Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM). Consumer health-related perceptions on pork and fatty acids were also investigated. Twenty four crossbred Large White x Landrace pigs of both sexes at 18 weeks of age and initially weighing 71.6 kg on average were housed individually and had ad libitum access to one of the four dietary treatments for a period of six weeks. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated as an indication of FCE and pigs were slaughtered at an average live weight of 99.6 kg. Carcass traits such as back fat thickness (BFT), carcass temperatures and pH readings taken 45 minutes and 24 hours (pH45 and pHu) post mortem were recorded. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) samples were taken from each carcass for the determination of lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), thawing loss percentage (TL%), cooking loss percentage (CL%), Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF), shelf life and FA composition. Furthermore a survey was conducted amongst 80 University of Fort Hare Students to determine their health-related perceptions on pork and fatty acids as well as their pork consumption frequency using questionnaires. The FCE of pigs fed on 0-5% MOLM (T1, T2 and T3) diets did not differ significantly, but the FCE of pigs fed 7.5% MOLM (T4) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced. No significant relationship was reported between inclusion of MOLM carcass characteristics and physico-chemical pork quality. There was however a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the shelf life of the pork from MOLM fed pigs in terms of colour and odour during 10 days of refrigerated storage (at 3±1°C). There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the total intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the saturated fatty acid (SFA) C18:0 (stearic acid) content and an overall non-significant (p>0.05) increase in the poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of pork from MOLM fed pigs. The possible reason for this is that the feeding of MOLM was commenced when the pigs were at an advanced age and weight. The survey revealed that the majority of interviewed students consume fresh (39.7%) and processed (32.4%) pork two to three times a week, perceive pork to be generally healthy (70%) and the second most healthy meat type (39.5%). While the majority (55.4%) were aware of the health implications of FAs they did not know which FA classes pose more of a health risk (51.3%). In conclusion2.5% and 5% of MOLM in finisher pig feed did not negatively affect FCE, carcass characteristics or physico-chemical meat quality; significantly improved pork shelf life and reduced total IMF and SFA content of pork but 7.5% MOLM negatively affected FCE; and the majority of students perceive pork to be the second most healthy type of meat and are generally aware of the health implications of FAs.
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Effectiveness of irrigation water management institutions in Zimbabwe: a new institutional economics theory approach
- Authors: Nhundu, Kenneth
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11195 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006784
- Description: Despite considerable advances in technology across the world, some scholars (Bratton, 1987; Namara et al., 2010) have argued that declining agricultural productivity among smallholder farmers in Africa remains a major bottleneck in the development of the continent. Unganai (1993) indicates that about 60% of the southern African region is semi-arid or arid and suffers from periodic droughts. In addition, World Bank (2003) notes that agricultural production is dominated by rain-fed agriculture and irrigation systems are limited. This is compounded by the scarcity and poor management of irrigation water resources. Water scarcity in agriculture has large impacts on the population, especially in rural areas, where more than 60 percent of the population are engaged in agriculture which represents their main source of food and income (FAO, 2008). On the macroeconomic level, agricultural share of the GDP is about 37 percent and 75 percent of the export value is generated from the agricultural sector globally. To this effect, management of agricultural water particularly in rain-fed systems remains imperative for improved farm level yields because the bulk of the food comes from rain-fed agriculture (FAO, 2008; Namara et al., 2010). However, increasing water scarcity and poor accessibility may become a limiting factor not only for agricultural production and the welfare of rural population but also for the entire economy. Improving the management of water resources and an efficient use of water by all sectors, including agricultural production, are therefore important if the welfare and health of the population, particularly in rural areas, are to be maintained and improved (Nyong & Kanaroglou, 1999).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nhundu, Kenneth
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11195 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006784
- Description: Despite considerable advances in technology across the world, some scholars (Bratton, 1987; Namara et al., 2010) have argued that declining agricultural productivity among smallholder farmers in Africa remains a major bottleneck in the development of the continent. Unganai (1993) indicates that about 60% of the southern African region is semi-arid or arid and suffers from periodic droughts. In addition, World Bank (2003) notes that agricultural production is dominated by rain-fed agriculture and irrigation systems are limited. This is compounded by the scarcity and poor management of irrigation water resources. Water scarcity in agriculture has large impacts on the population, especially in rural areas, where more than 60 percent of the population are engaged in agriculture which represents their main source of food and income (FAO, 2008). On the macroeconomic level, agricultural share of the GDP is about 37 percent and 75 percent of the export value is generated from the agricultural sector globally. To this effect, management of agricultural water particularly in rain-fed systems remains imperative for improved farm level yields because the bulk of the food comes from rain-fed agriculture (FAO, 2008; Namara et al., 2010). However, increasing water scarcity and poor accessibility may become a limiting factor not only for agricultural production and the welfare of rural population but also for the entire economy. Improving the management of water resources and an efficient use of water by all sectors, including agricultural production, are therefore important if the welfare and health of the population, particularly in rural areas, are to be maintained and improved (Nyong & Kanaroglou, 1999).
- Full Text: