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Bokang Morena

Bonke bazaliswa ngumoya oyincwele

Categories of experience amongst the Xhosa : a psychological study

  • Authors: Schweitzer, Robert David
  • Date: 1977
  • Subjects: Xhosa (African people) -- Psychology
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3237 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013172
  • Description: Transcultural studies of psychological states may be seen as falling within two schools, one adopting a position in which universal criteria of "mental health" are assumed, the other a cultural relativist position in which phenomena are understood in terms of the context in which they occur. The present study, in adopting the latter position, examines categories of experience amongst the Xhosa in terms of their meaning within Xhosa cosmology. The thoughts and practices of a Xhosa Iqgira (diviner) were extensively examined using an idiographic approach. This was corroborated by in-depth interviews with his consultees who were undergoing the categories being studied. Three categories, thwasa, phambana and amafufunyana are explicated. Thwasa is seen to be related to the individual- shade communion. Phambana is predominantly related to custom and witchcraft. Amafufunyana is related to disharmonious interpersonal situations within the community. The universalist position, derived from descriptive psychiatry, has often viewed the mental status of amaqgira {diviners) as neurotic or even psychotic. This finding is not supported in the present study. The implications of the research for community mental health in Southern Africa are discussed.
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  • Date Issued: 1977

Chamtengure

Chuzi mama

Colour vision of the citrus psylla Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in relation to alightment colour preferences

  • Authors: Urban, Alan Joseph
  • Date: 1977
  • Subjects: Trioza , Homoptera , Jumping plant-lice , Color vision
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:5885 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013286
  • Description: The colour vision of adult citrus psylla, Trioza erytreae, was investigated in the laboratory using the behavioural parameters: alightment and walking. Light green flushing leaves (under which the nymphs develop) were significantly preferred, visually, to dark green mature leaves for alightment. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed (when expressed in the parameters of human colour vision) that flush has a very slightly longer dominant wavelength, and roughly double the reflectance and purity. Alightrnent frequency correlated almost equally well with "purity" (as noted by Moericke, 1952 et seq., in "yellow-sensitive" aphids) as with the aphidological colour parameter "long/short ratio" developed by Kennedy et al. (1961). Elucidation of the mechanism underlying the citrus psylla's alightment colour preference was initially attempted with a printed spectrum and several paint series of measured spectral characteristics. It was clear that T.erytreae belongs to the "yellow-sensitive" group of Homoptera, but it was impossible to distinguish which pararneter(s) of colour the psyllids were responding to. Phototactic (walking) response to the individual parameters of colour was therefore measured using a monochromator. The phototactic action spectrum (against wavelength) was tri-modal, with peaks in the yellow-green (YG), blue (B), and ultra= violet (UV). Rate of phototaxis was not influenced by bandwidth (roughly equivalent to purity), but was proportional to intensity (roughly equivalent to reflectance). To investigate the influence of the above three wavelength regions on alightment, use was made of a very simple flight chamber incorporating a target of coloured light. Yellow-green and UV light both independently stimulated alightment . Their effect was additive. Different thresholds indicated distinct YG and UV receptor systems. Blue light alone did not stimulate alightment, and was strongly alightment-inhibitory in combination both with YG and with UV light. On the basis of the above physiological/behavioural findings, a new alightment formula was drawn up for describing the hamopteran's apparent manner of alightment determining integration of surface reflectance. The flush preference and alightment distributions on the series of artificial surfaces were found to correlate slightly more accurately, on average, as well as more consistently, with the new formula than with previously-available colour parameters. These findings are placed in perspective to the literature, and their possible economic relevance is discussed.
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  • Date Issued: 1977

Conscientious objection and the concept of worship

  • Authors: Moulder, James Edward
  • Date: 1977
  • Subjects: Conscientious objectors -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Conscientious objectors -- South Africa , Conscientious objection , Conscientious objection -- Religious aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:2749 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013555
  • Description: [Preface] " ... the focus of this inquiry is limited to some of the connections between conscientious objection in South Africa and the worship and imitation of Christ. More specifically, at the most general level this essay is an attempt to explore six questions: What kind of conscientious objection does South African law allow? Why are some conscientious objectors only conscientious noncombatants? Why are some Christians conscientious noncombatants? Is it appropriate to worship Christ? Does Romans 13 undermine conscientious noncompliance? And is there a prescription for servile compliance? These are, however, not the only questions which are raised in this essay. Nor are they the only questions which can and need to be asked. But they are the questions which interest me. In addition, they have not received as much attention as they deserve".
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  • Date Issued: 1977

Credo

Death and transcendence in northern European art

  • Authors: Pratt, S R
  • Date: 1977
  • Subjects: Death in art , Art -- Europe, Northern
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
  • Identifier: vital:2505 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015230
  • Description: [From Introduction]. Time has revealed two distinct tendencies in the history of thought and art in Europe. That development in European culture which began in Ancient Greece is marked by a positive confidence in the relationship of man to his world. Parallel with but in opposition to this development is a separate progression in culture. The continuity of art in Northern Europe appears to be associated with the adherence of Northern man to a negative, fatalistic sense of being - to a spirit which is in conflict with a hostile violent environment. The purposo of this investigation is to determine, through art the nature of this sense of being in Northern Europe. No direct definition would be capable of conveying the fullest meaning of that spirit. lt is a feeling. To understand this morbid fatalism, it is therefore necessary to refer to the pre-Christian religion of the Germanic Barbarians - through which the Northern spirit manifested itself in the form of ragnarök. Ragnarök which can be translated as a moaning obscurity, shadows, twilight, fateful destiny, was a term used by Nordic bards in its broadest sense to describe the end of the world - the inevitable destruction of life.
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  • Date Issued: 1977

Die psigopaat as kliënt in die Maatskaplike Werk

  • Authors: Venter, Pieter Viviers
  • Date: 1977
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:21106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6410
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  • Date Issued: 1977

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