Flavonoids from the Genus Euphorbia
- Magozwi, Douglas K, Dinala, Mmabatho, Mokwana, Nthabiseng, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Krause, Rui W M, Sonopo, Molahleli, McGaw, Lyndy J, Augustyn, Wilma A, Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Authors: Magozwi, Douglas K , Dinala, Mmabatho , Mokwana, Nthabiseng , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Sonopo, Molahleli , McGaw, Lyndy J , Augustyn, Wilma A , Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191736 , vital:45159 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14050428"
- Description: Plants of the genus Euphorbia are widely distributed across temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Asia and Africa with established Ayurvedic, Chinese and Malay ethnomedical records. The present review reports the isolation, occurrence, phytochemistry, biological properties, therapeutic potential and structure–activity relationship of Euphorbia flavonoids for the period covering 2000–2020, while identifying potential areas for future studies aimed at development of new therapeutic agents from these plants. The findings suggest that the extracts and isolated flavonoids possess anticancer, antiproliferative, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-venom, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatitis and antioxidant properties and have different mechanisms of action against cancer cells. Of the investigated species, over 80 different types of flavonoids have been isolated to date. Most of the isolated flavonoids were flavonols and comprised simple O-substitution patterns, C-methylation and prenylation. Others had a glycoside, glycosidic linkages and a carbohydrate attached at either C-3 or C-7, and were designated as d-glucose, l-rhamnose or glucorhamnose. The structure–activity relationship studies showed that methylation of the hydroxyl groups on C-3 or C-7 reduces the activities while glycosylation loses the activity and that the parent skeletal structure is essential in retaining the activity. These constituents can therefore offer potential alternative scaffolds towards development of new Euphorbia-based therapeutic agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Magozwi, Douglas K , Dinala, Mmabatho , Mokwana, Nthabiseng , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Sonopo, Molahleli , McGaw, Lyndy J , Augustyn, Wilma A , Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191736 , vital:45159 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14050428"
- Description: Plants of the genus Euphorbia are widely distributed across temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Asia and Africa with established Ayurvedic, Chinese and Malay ethnomedical records. The present review reports the isolation, occurrence, phytochemistry, biological properties, therapeutic potential and structure–activity relationship of Euphorbia flavonoids for the period covering 2000–2020, while identifying potential areas for future studies aimed at development of new therapeutic agents from these plants. The findings suggest that the extracts and isolated flavonoids possess anticancer, antiproliferative, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-venom, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatitis and antioxidant properties and have different mechanisms of action against cancer cells. Of the investigated species, over 80 different types of flavonoids have been isolated to date. Most of the isolated flavonoids were flavonols and comprised simple O-substitution patterns, C-methylation and prenylation. Others had a glycoside, glycosidic linkages and a carbohydrate attached at either C-3 or C-7, and were designated as d-glucose, l-rhamnose or glucorhamnose. The structure–activity relationship studies showed that methylation of the hydroxyl groups on C-3 or C-7 reduces the activities while glycosylation loses the activity and that the parent skeletal structure is essential in retaining the activity. These constituents can therefore offer potential alternative scaffolds towards development of new Euphorbia-based therapeutic agents.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
In vitro cytotoxic effects of chemical constituents of Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc against breast cancer cells
- Kemboi, Douglas, Peter, Xolani, Langat, Moses K, Mhlanga, Richwell, Vukea, Nyeleti, de la Mare, Jo-Anne, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Krause, Rui W M, Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Authors: Kemboi, Douglas , Peter, Xolani , Langat, Moses K , Mhlanga, Richwell , Vukea, Nyeleti , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191747 , vital:45160 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01002"
- Description: Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc is widely utilized in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments including body pains associated with skin irritations, inflammation, and snake or scorpion bites. Compounds from E. grandicornis were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, NMR, IR, MS, and melting points and alongside the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines. The root extract afforded known, β-glutinol (1), β-amyrin (2), 24-methylenetirucalla-8-en-3β-ol (3), tirucalla-8,25-diene-3β,24R-diol (4), stigmasterol (5), sitosterol (6), and hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) based on their NMR spectroscopic data for the first report in E. grandicornis. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for anticancer activities against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70), and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial (MCF-12A) cell lines. The CH2Cl2 extract exhibited potent, cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells. The aerial extract exhibited IC50 values of 1.03, 0.301, and 1.68 µg/mL, and root extract displayed IC50 values of 0.83, 0.83 and 3.98 µg/mL against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells respectively. The root extract thus showed selectivity for the cancer cell lines over the non-cancerous control cell line (SI = 4.80). Hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) showed significant activity with IC50 values of 23.41, 29.45 and 27.01 µM against MCF-7, HCC70 and MCF-12A cells respectively, suggesting non-specific cytotoxicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Kemboi, Douglas , Peter, Xolani , Langat, Moses K , Mhlanga, Richwell , Vukea, Nyeleti , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Tembu, Vuyelwa J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191747 , vital:45160 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01002"
- Description: Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc is widely utilized in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments including body pains associated with skin irritations, inflammation, and snake or scorpion bites. Compounds from E. grandicornis were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, NMR, IR, MS, and melting points and alongside the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines. The root extract afforded known, β-glutinol (1), β-amyrin (2), 24-methylenetirucalla-8-en-3β-ol (3), tirucalla-8,25-diene-3β,24R-diol (4), stigmasterol (5), sitosterol (6), and hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) based on their NMR spectroscopic data for the first report in E. grandicornis. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for anticancer activities against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70), and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial (MCF-12A) cell lines. The CH2Cl2 extract exhibited potent, cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells. The aerial extract exhibited IC50 values of 1.03, 0.301, and 1.68 µg/mL, and root extract displayed IC50 values of 0.83, 0.83 and 3.98 µg/mL against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells respectively. The root extract thus showed selectivity for the cancer cell lines over the non-cancerous control cell line (SI = 4.80). Hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) showed significant activity with IC50 values of 23.41, 29.45 and 27.01 µM against MCF-7, HCC70 and MCF-12A cells respectively, suggesting non-specific cytotoxicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Rapid Synthesis of Thiol-Co-Capped-CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe Core Shell-Shell Nanoparticles
- Daramola, Olamide, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Tseki, Potlaki, Krause, Rui W M
- Authors: Daramola, Olamide , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Tseki, Potlaki , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191758 , vital:45161 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051193"
- Description: CdTe QDs has been demonstrated in many studies to possess good outstanding optical and photo-physical properties. However, it has been established from literature that the toxic Cd2+ that tends to leak out into nearby solutions can be protected by less toxic ZnS or ZnSe shells leading to the synthesis of core-shells and multi-core-shells. Hence, this has allowed the synthesis of CdTe multi-core-shells to have gained much interest. The preparation of most CdTe multi-core-shells reported from various studies usually has a longer reaction time (6–24 h) in reaching their highest emission maxima. The synthesis of CdTe multi-core-shells in this study only took 35 min to obtain a highest emission maximum compared to what has been reported from the literature. CdTe multi-core-shells were synthesized by injecting 7, 14, and 21 mL each of Zn complex solution and Se ions into the reacting mixture containing CdTe core-shells (3 h) at 5 min intervals over a 35 min reaction time. The emission maxima of the MPA-TGA-CdTe multi-core-shells at 21 mL injection was recorded around 625 nm. Therefore, we are reporting the rapid synthesis of five different thiol co-capped CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe multi-core-shell QDs with the highest emission maxima obtained at 35 min reaction time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Daramola, Olamide , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Tseki, Potlaki , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191758 , vital:45161 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051193"
- Description: CdTe QDs has been demonstrated in many studies to possess good outstanding optical and photo-physical properties. However, it has been established from literature that the toxic Cd2+ that tends to leak out into nearby solutions can be protected by less toxic ZnS or ZnSe shells leading to the synthesis of core-shells and multi-core-shells. Hence, this has allowed the synthesis of CdTe multi-core-shells to have gained much interest. The preparation of most CdTe multi-core-shells reported from various studies usually has a longer reaction time (6–24 h) in reaching their highest emission maxima. The synthesis of CdTe multi-core-shells in this study only took 35 min to obtain a highest emission maximum compared to what has been reported from the literature. CdTe multi-core-shells were synthesized by injecting 7, 14, and 21 mL each of Zn complex solution and Se ions into the reacting mixture containing CdTe core-shells (3 h) at 5 min intervals over a 35 min reaction time. The emission maxima of the MPA-TGA-CdTe multi-core-shells at 21 mL injection was recorded around 625 nm. Therefore, we are reporting the rapid synthesis of five different thiol co-capped CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe multi-core-shell QDs with the highest emission maxima obtained at 35 min reaction time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Review of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Rhoicissus Species (Vitaceae)
- Dube, Nondumiso, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Krause, Rui W M, Kemboi, Douglas, Tembu, Vuyelwa J, Manicum, Amanda-Lee
- Authors: Dube, Nondumiso , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Kemboi, Douglas , Tembu, Vuyelwa J , Manicum, Amanda-Lee
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191769 , vital:45162 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082306"
- Description: Species within the genus Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) are commonly used in South African traditional medicine. The current review discusses the occurrence, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Rhoicissus species covering the period 1981–2020. The data reported were systematically collected, read, and analysed from scientific electronic databases including Scopus, Scifinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Reported evidence indicates that species in this genus are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal complaints, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and infertility, as well as to tone the uterus during pregnancy and to facilitate delivery. Pharmacological studies have further shown that members of the Rhoicissus genus display antidiabetic, uterotonic, ascaricidal, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. They are linked to the presence of bioactive compounds isolated from the genus. Hence, Rhoicissus species can potentially be an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat diseases and develop safer and more potent drugs to combat diseases. Plant species of this genus have valuable medicinal benefits due to their significant pharmacological potential. However, scientific investigation and information of the therapeutic potential of Rhoicissus remain limited as most of the species in the genus have not been fully exploited. Therefore, there is a need for further investigations to exploit the therapeutic potential of the genus Rhoicissus. Future studies should evaluate the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological activities, as well as the mode of action, of Rhoicissus crude extracts and secondary compounds isolated from the species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Dube, Nondumiso , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Kemboi, Douglas , Tembu, Vuyelwa J , Manicum, Amanda-Lee
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191769 , vital:45162 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082306"
- Description: Species within the genus Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) are commonly used in South African traditional medicine. The current review discusses the occurrence, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Rhoicissus species covering the period 1981–2020. The data reported were systematically collected, read, and analysed from scientific electronic databases including Scopus, Scifinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Reported evidence indicates that species in this genus are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal complaints, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and infertility, as well as to tone the uterus during pregnancy and to facilitate delivery. Pharmacological studies have further shown that members of the Rhoicissus genus display antidiabetic, uterotonic, ascaricidal, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. They are linked to the presence of bioactive compounds isolated from the genus. Hence, Rhoicissus species can potentially be an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat diseases and develop safer and more potent drugs to combat diseases. Plant species of this genus have valuable medicinal benefits due to their significant pharmacological potential. However, scientific investigation and information of the therapeutic potential of Rhoicissus remain limited as most of the species in the genus have not been fully exploited. Therefore, there is a need for further investigations to exploit the therapeutic potential of the genus Rhoicissus. Future studies should evaluate the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological activities, as well as the mode of action, of Rhoicissus crude extracts and secondary compounds isolated from the species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Terminaliamide, a new ceramide and other phytoconstituents from the roots of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier and their biological activities
- Mbosso, Emmanuel, Siwe-Noundou, Xavier, Fannang, Simone V, Song, Achille M, Assob, Jules C N, Hoppe, Heinrich C, Krause, Rui W M
- Authors: Mbosso, Emmanuel , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Fannang, Simone V , Song, Achille M , Assob, Jules C N , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191779 , vital:45163 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1647425"
- Description: Terminaliamide (1), a new ceramide was isolated from the roots of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier (Combretaceae) along with 4 known compounds (2–5). The structures of the compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy analysis and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 exhibited moderated antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 62.5 μg/mL. The crude MeOH extract (TMr) highly reduced Plasmodium falciparum growth with an IC50 value of 10.11 μg/mL, while hexane fraction (F1) highly reduced Trypanosoma brucei brucei growth with an IC50 value of 5.60 µg/mL. All tested samples presented little or no in vitro cytotoxicity on HeLa cell line. The present work confirms that T. mantaly is medicinally important and may be used effectively as an antimicrobial, an antiplasmodial and an antitrypanosomial with promising therapeutic index.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mbosso, Emmanuel , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Fannang, Simone V , Song, Achille M , Assob, Jules C N , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191779 , vital:45163 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1647425"
- Description: Terminaliamide (1), a new ceramide was isolated from the roots of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier (Combretaceae) along with 4 known compounds (2–5). The structures of the compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy analysis and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 exhibited moderated antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 62.5 μg/mL. The crude MeOH extract (TMr) highly reduced Plasmodium falciparum growth with an IC50 value of 10.11 μg/mL, while hexane fraction (F1) highly reduced Trypanosoma brucei brucei growth with an IC50 value of 5.60 µg/mL. All tested samples presented little or no in vitro cytotoxicity on HeLa cell line. The present work confirms that T. mantaly is medicinally important and may be used effectively as an antimicrobial, an antiplasmodial and an antitrypanosomial with promising therapeutic index.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- «
- ‹
- 1
- ›
- »