An evaluation of a bank’s clients’ preference for particular communication channels
- Authors: Chapwanya, Marvelous
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Communication , Mass media
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26615 , vital:65663
- Description: This study aims to establish clients’ preference for particular communication channels of a particular bank in Alice. The study, focusing on marketing communication, was guided by the tenets of media richness theory. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This particular bank is one of the biggest banks in South Africa and it has many branches across the country and abroad. However, this study only focused on clients in the small town of Alice in the Eastern Cape. Alice has three major groups of clients: those who are highly educated, those who are illiterate and those who fall in between. This diversity in the demographics of the clients affects the way people react to the communication channels used by this bank including modern communication channels and traditional channels. It was discovered that education level, age (as related to literacy level), language, geographical location and access to computers and the internet have an impact on the way the clients evaluate the preference for particular communication channels of this bank. The results of the study show that the majority of the clients prefer communication channels that are interactive like face-to-face communication and cell phone calls. The other channels at the clients’ disposal are television, radio, newspapers, printed mail, internet and emails. However, some of these channels are not regarded as very effective by the clients in Alice for several reasons such as the rural nature of Alice, lack of access and resources, being illiterate, and a lack of education. The clients suggested that the bank make use of other communication channels that suit a rural and less developed area in order to effectively communicate with the clients. The study also brought to light that the use of the new ICTs in Alice is still lagging, resulting in many customers experiencing problems when they want to use some of the communication channels offered by the bank. , Thesis (MSoc ) -- Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Chapwanya, Marvelous
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Communication , Mass media
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26615 , vital:65663
- Description: This study aims to establish clients’ preference for particular communication channels of a particular bank in Alice. The study, focusing on marketing communication, was guided by the tenets of media richness theory. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This particular bank is one of the biggest banks in South Africa and it has many branches across the country and abroad. However, this study only focused on clients in the small town of Alice in the Eastern Cape. Alice has three major groups of clients: those who are highly educated, those who are illiterate and those who fall in between. This diversity in the demographics of the clients affects the way people react to the communication channels used by this bank including modern communication channels and traditional channels. It was discovered that education level, age (as related to literacy level), language, geographical location and access to computers and the internet have an impact on the way the clients evaluate the preference for particular communication channels of this bank. The results of the study show that the majority of the clients prefer communication channels that are interactive like face-to-face communication and cell phone calls. The other channels at the clients’ disposal are television, radio, newspapers, printed mail, internet and emails. However, some of these channels are not regarded as very effective by the clients in Alice for several reasons such as the rural nature of Alice, lack of access and resources, being illiterate, and a lack of education. The clients suggested that the bank make use of other communication channels that suit a rural and less developed area in order to effectively communicate with the clients. The study also brought to light that the use of the new ICTs in Alice is still lagging, resulting in many customers experiencing problems when they want to use some of the communication channels offered by the bank. , Thesis (MSoc ) -- Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An evaluation of synergistic interactions between feruloyl esterases and xylanases during the hydrolysis of various pre-treated agricultural residues
- Authors: Mkabayi, Lithalethu
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Esterases , Xylanases , Hydrolysis , Agricultural wastes -- Recycling , Enzymes , Lignocellulose -- Biodegradation , Escherichia coli , Oligosaccharides , Hydroxycinnamic acids
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178224 , vital:42922 , 10.21504/10962/178224
- Description: Agricultural residues are readily available and inexpensive renewable resources that can be used as raw materials for the production of value-added chemicals. The application of enzymes to facilitate the degradation of agricultural residues has long been considered the most environmentally friendly strategy for converting this material into good quality value-added chemicals. However, agricultural residues are typically lignocellulosic in composition and recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Due to this recalcitrant nature, the complete degradation of biomass residues requires the synergistic action of a broad range of enzymes. The development and optimisation of synergistic enzyme cocktails is an effective approach for achieving high hydrolysis efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the synergistic interactions between two termite metagenome-derived feruloyl esterases (FAE6 and FAE5) and endo-xylanases for the production of hydroxycinnamic acids and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from model substrates, and untreated and pre-treated agricultural residues. Firstly, the two fae genes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzymes were purified to homogeneity. The biochemical properties of the purified recombinant FAEs and xylanases (XT6 and Xyn11) were then assessed to determine the factors which influenced their activities and to select suitable operating conditions for synergy studies. An optimal protein loading ratio of xylanases to FAEs required to maximise the release of both reducing sugar and ferulic acid (FA) was established using 0.5% (w/v) insoluble wheat arabinoxylan (a model substrate). The enzyme combination of 66% xylanase and 33% FAE (on a protein loading basis) produced the highest amounts of reducing sugars and FA. The enzyme combination of XT6 (GH10 xylanase) and FAE5 or FAE6 liberated the highest amount of FA while a combination of Xyn11 (GH11 xylanase) and FAE5 or FAE6 produced the highest reducing sugar content. The synergistic interactions which were established between the xylanases and FAEs were further investigated using agricultural residues (corn cobs, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse). The three substrates were subjected to hydrothermal and dilute acid pre-treatment prior to synergy studies. It is generally known that, during pre-treatment, many compounds can be produced which may influence enzymatic hydrolysis. The effects of these by-products were assessed and it was found that lignin and its degradation products were the most inhibitory to the FAEs. The optimised enzyme cocktail was then applied to 1% (w/v) of untreated and pre-treated substrates for the efficient production of XOS and hydroxycinnamic acids. A significant improvement in xylanase substrate degradation was observed, especially with the combination of 66% Xyn11 and 33% FAE6 which displayed an improvement in reducing sugars of approximately 1.9-fold and 3.4-fold for hydrothermal and acid pre-treated corn cobs (compared to when Xyn11 was used alone), respectively. The study demonstrated that pre-treatment substantially enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cobs and rice straw. Analysis of the hydrolysate product profiles revealed that the optimised enzyme cocktail displayed great potential for releasing XOS with a low degree of polymerisation. In conclusion, this study provided significant insights into the mechanism of synergistic interactions between xylanases and metagenome-derived FAEs during the hydrolysis of various substrates. The study also demonstrated that optimised enzyme cocktails combined with low severity pre-treatment can facilitate the potential use of xylan-rich lignocellulosic biomass for the production of valuable products in the future. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mkabayi, Lithalethu
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Esterases , Xylanases , Hydrolysis , Agricultural wastes -- Recycling , Enzymes , Lignocellulose -- Biodegradation , Escherichia coli , Oligosaccharides , Hydroxycinnamic acids
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178224 , vital:42922 , 10.21504/10962/178224
- Description: Agricultural residues are readily available and inexpensive renewable resources that can be used as raw materials for the production of value-added chemicals. The application of enzymes to facilitate the degradation of agricultural residues has long been considered the most environmentally friendly strategy for converting this material into good quality value-added chemicals. However, agricultural residues are typically lignocellulosic in composition and recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Due to this recalcitrant nature, the complete degradation of biomass residues requires the synergistic action of a broad range of enzymes. The development and optimisation of synergistic enzyme cocktails is an effective approach for achieving high hydrolysis efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the synergistic interactions between two termite metagenome-derived feruloyl esterases (FAE6 and FAE5) and endo-xylanases for the production of hydroxycinnamic acids and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from model substrates, and untreated and pre-treated agricultural residues. Firstly, the two fae genes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzymes were purified to homogeneity. The biochemical properties of the purified recombinant FAEs and xylanases (XT6 and Xyn11) were then assessed to determine the factors which influenced their activities and to select suitable operating conditions for synergy studies. An optimal protein loading ratio of xylanases to FAEs required to maximise the release of both reducing sugar and ferulic acid (FA) was established using 0.5% (w/v) insoluble wheat arabinoxylan (a model substrate). The enzyme combination of 66% xylanase and 33% FAE (on a protein loading basis) produced the highest amounts of reducing sugars and FA. The enzyme combination of XT6 (GH10 xylanase) and FAE5 or FAE6 liberated the highest amount of FA while a combination of Xyn11 (GH11 xylanase) and FAE5 or FAE6 produced the highest reducing sugar content. The synergistic interactions which were established between the xylanases and FAEs were further investigated using agricultural residues (corn cobs, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse). The three substrates were subjected to hydrothermal and dilute acid pre-treatment prior to synergy studies. It is generally known that, during pre-treatment, many compounds can be produced which may influence enzymatic hydrolysis. The effects of these by-products were assessed and it was found that lignin and its degradation products were the most inhibitory to the FAEs. The optimised enzyme cocktail was then applied to 1% (w/v) of untreated and pre-treated substrates for the efficient production of XOS and hydroxycinnamic acids. A significant improvement in xylanase substrate degradation was observed, especially with the combination of 66% Xyn11 and 33% FAE6 which displayed an improvement in reducing sugars of approximately 1.9-fold and 3.4-fold for hydrothermal and acid pre-treated corn cobs (compared to when Xyn11 was used alone), respectively. The study demonstrated that pre-treatment substantially enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cobs and rice straw. Analysis of the hydrolysate product profiles revealed that the optimised enzyme cocktail displayed great potential for releasing XOS with a low degree of polymerisation. In conclusion, this study provided significant insights into the mechanism of synergistic interactions between xylanases and metagenome-derived FAEs during the hydrolysis of various substrates. The study also demonstrated that optimised enzyme cocktails combined with low severity pre-treatment can facilitate the potential use of xylan-rich lignocellulosic biomass for the production of valuable products in the future. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An exploration into an ESD-based teaching strategy to improve the critical thinking and problem-solving skills amongst development studies students at Nelson Mandela University
- Authors: Abrahams, André John
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Problem solving -- Study and teaching , Divergent thinking -- Study and teaching , Sustainable development -- Study and teaching , Environmental education
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50907 , vital:43148
- Description: In recent years, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been a significant focus for research pertaining to teacher education and transformative approaches to teaching and learning. However, there has been less specific focus on the implementation of ESD in the context of higher education. This study, therefore, explored the use of an ESD-based teaching and learning approach in an undergraduate Development Studies programme. The focus was on developing a teaching approach that was informed by the principles of ESD and which could assist Development Studies lecturers in creating a more transformative, student-centred environment. This study was a qualitative undertaking, conducted at the Nelson Mandela University’s (NMU) Development Studies undergraduate programme. The ESD-based approach was implemented by two participating lecturers who utilised the approach across four undergraduate classes. Qualitative data were generated through a systematic literature analysis (SLA), exploratory interviews, student exercises and assessments, focus group discussions, and reflective journal entries. The gathered data were then analysed using a framework analysis rubric adapted from the theoretical framework utilised in the study. In addition, the data were coded using the six coding techniques promoted by Saldaña (2013). The findings suggest that the ESD-based approach developed in the study could effectively contribute towards promoting ESD in the Development Studies programme. The findings also suggest that, when properly implemented, the ESD-based approach could assist lecturers in creating a more transformative learning environment where students have greater control over their learning experience. In addition, this study found that students in the selected Development Studies undergraduate programme could benefit from continued exposure to the teaching methods and techniques adopted in the approach. The implementation of the approach also uncovered some of the inhibiting factors that may prevent an ESD-based approach being mainstreamed into the context of higher education. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Development Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Abrahams, André John
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Problem solving -- Study and teaching , Divergent thinking -- Study and teaching , Sustainable development -- Study and teaching , Environmental education
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50907 , vital:43148
- Description: In recent years, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been a significant focus for research pertaining to teacher education and transformative approaches to teaching and learning. However, there has been less specific focus on the implementation of ESD in the context of higher education. This study, therefore, explored the use of an ESD-based teaching and learning approach in an undergraduate Development Studies programme. The focus was on developing a teaching approach that was informed by the principles of ESD and which could assist Development Studies lecturers in creating a more transformative, student-centred environment. This study was a qualitative undertaking, conducted at the Nelson Mandela University’s (NMU) Development Studies undergraduate programme. The ESD-based approach was implemented by two participating lecturers who utilised the approach across four undergraduate classes. Qualitative data were generated through a systematic literature analysis (SLA), exploratory interviews, student exercises and assessments, focus group discussions, and reflective journal entries. The gathered data were then analysed using a framework analysis rubric adapted from the theoretical framework utilised in the study. In addition, the data were coded using the six coding techniques promoted by Saldaña (2013). The findings suggest that the ESD-based approach developed in the study could effectively contribute towards promoting ESD in the Development Studies programme. The findings also suggest that, when properly implemented, the ESD-based approach could assist lecturers in creating a more transformative learning environment where students have greater control over their learning experience. In addition, this study found that students in the selected Development Studies undergraduate programme could benefit from continued exposure to the teaching methods and techniques adopted in the approach. The implementation of the approach also uncovered some of the inhibiting factors that may prevent an ESD-based approach being mainstreamed into the context of higher education. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Development Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An exploration into an ESD-based teaching strategy to improve the critical thinking and problem-solving skills amongst development studies students at Nelson Mandela University
- Authors: Abrahams, Andre John
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- Study and teaching , Universities and colleges -- South Africa , Critical thinking
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50906 , vital:43149
- Description: In recent years, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been a significant focus for research pertaining to teacher education and transformative approaches to teaching and learning. However, there has been less specific focus on the implementation of ESD in the context of higher education. This study, therefore, explored the use of an ESD-based teaching and learning approach in an undergraduate Development Studies programme. The focus was on developing a teaching approach that was informed by the principles of ESD and which could assist Development Studies lecturers in creating a more transformative, student-centred environment. This study was a qualitative undertaking, conducted at the Nelson Mandela University’s (NMU) Development Studies undergraduate programme. The ESD-based approach was implemented by two participating lecturers who utilised the approach across four undergraduate classes. Qualitative data were generated through a systematic literature analysis (SLA), exploratory interviews, student exercises and assessments, focus group discussions, and reflective journal entries. The gathered data were then analysed using a framework analysis rubric adapted from the theoretical framework utilised in the study. In addition, the data were coded using the six coding techniques promoted by Saldaña (2013). The findings suggest that the ESD-based approach developed in the study could effectively contribute towards promoting ESD in the Development Studies programme. The findings also suggest that, when properly implemented, the ESD-based approach could assist lecturers in creating a more transformative learning environment where students have greater control over their learning experience. In addition, this study found that students in the selected Development Studies undergraduate programme could benefit from continued exposure to the teaching methods and techniques adopted in the approach. The implementation of the approach also uncovered some of the inhibiting factors that may prevent an ESD-based approach being mainstreamed into the context of higher education. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Development Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Abrahams, Andre John
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- Study and teaching , Universities and colleges -- South Africa , Critical thinking
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50906 , vital:43149
- Description: In recent years, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been a significant focus for research pertaining to teacher education and transformative approaches to teaching and learning. However, there has been less specific focus on the implementation of ESD in the context of higher education. This study, therefore, explored the use of an ESD-based teaching and learning approach in an undergraduate Development Studies programme. The focus was on developing a teaching approach that was informed by the principles of ESD and which could assist Development Studies lecturers in creating a more transformative, student-centred environment. This study was a qualitative undertaking, conducted at the Nelson Mandela University’s (NMU) Development Studies undergraduate programme. The ESD-based approach was implemented by two participating lecturers who utilised the approach across four undergraduate classes. Qualitative data were generated through a systematic literature analysis (SLA), exploratory interviews, student exercises and assessments, focus group discussions, and reflective journal entries. The gathered data were then analysed using a framework analysis rubric adapted from the theoretical framework utilised in the study. In addition, the data were coded using the six coding techniques promoted by Saldaña (2013). The findings suggest that the ESD-based approach developed in the study could effectively contribute towards promoting ESD in the Development Studies programme. The findings also suggest that, when properly implemented, the ESD-based approach could assist lecturers in creating a more transformative learning environment where students have greater control over their learning experience. In addition, this study found that students in the selected Development Studies undergraduate programme could benefit from continued exposure to the teaching methods and techniques adopted in the approach. The implementation of the approach also uncovered some of the inhibiting factors that may prevent an ESD-based approach being mainstreamed into the context of higher education. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Development Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An exploration of attrition of sexual crime cases of child victims from the perspectives of the police officers, prosecutors and advocates in Kouga District, Eastern Cape (SA)
- Authors: Calitz, Karen
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Sex crimes -- Investigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Criminal justice, Administration of -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51010 , vital:43200
- Description: The successful prosecution of a sex crime case is dependent on the testimony of the victim. Due to the concealed nature of a sexual crime, it is notoriously difficult to prosecute effectively. With child victims, a number of additional obstacles present themselves when it comes to children giving evidence. Attrition is the rate at which cases do not proceed to court. Statistics in South Africa has revealed that rape has one of the lowest conviction rates of all serious crimes. This study is aimed at analysing the factors that cause attrition during the investigation stage in cases where children were victims of any form of sexual crime. In order to obtain the unscripted view of the investigation process, the qualitative study comprises of interviews with investigating officers who investigate these cases and the prosecutors who present these cases to court. The multi-disciplinary team-approach during investigation and its varying limits and challenges, were the main focus. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was utilised, focusing on the Kouga district municipality of the Eastern Cape. Through this study, the factors causing attrition were analysed and presented in such a manner so that change can be conceptualised in order to strive for the rights of children to receive justice for crimes committed against them. Key findings of the study yielded three significant factors which plague the progress of these cases. A significant finding illuminated the lack of required capacity professionals have in working and understanding children throughout the criminal justice process. A further vital finding is the complexities of inter-departmental functioning on implementation level, indicating challenges in collaboration. An integral finding is the measure of time taken to investigate cases of child victims, which the criminal process flow is delayed to its own detriment in aiming for convictions. In general it was found that services to child victims are neglected. Collaborative approaches which are already in place are to be strengthened through capacity building and collaborative knowledge integration in all sectors of professionals. Victim services legislation must include specialized services for the child victim. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Calitz, Karen
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Sex crimes -- Investigation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Criminal justice, Administration of -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51010 , vital:43200
- Description: The successful prosecution of a sex crime case is dependent on the testimony of the victim. Due to the concealed nature of a sexual crime, it is notoriously difficult to prosecute effectively. With child victims, a number of additional obstacles present themselves when it comes to children giving evidence. Attrition is the rate at which cases do not proceed to court. Statistics in South Africa has revealed that rape has one of the lowest conviction rates of all serious crimes. This study is aimed at analysing the factors that cause attrition during the investigation stage in cases where children were victims of any form of sexual crime. In order to obtain the unscripted view of the investigation process, the qualitative study comprises of interviews with investigating officers who investigate these cases and the prosecutors who present these cases to court. The multi-disciplinary team-approach during investigation and its varying limits and challenges, were the main focus. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was utilised, focusing on the Kouga district municipality of the Eastern Cape. Through this study, the factors causing attrition were analysed and presented in such a manner so that change can be conceptualised in order to strive for the rights of children to receive justice for crimes committed against them. Key findings of the study yielded three significant factors which plague the progress of these cases. A significant finding illuminated the lack of required capacity professionals have in working and understanding children throughout the criminal justice process. A further vital finding is the complexities of inter-departmental functioning on implementation level, indicating challenges in collaboration. An integral finding is the measure of time taken to investigate cases of child victims, which the criminal process flow is delayed to its own detriment in aiming for convictions. In general it was found that services to child victims are neglected. Collaborative approaches which are already in place are to be strengthened through capacity building and collaborative knowledge integration in all sectors of professionals. Victim services legislation must include specialized services for the child victim. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An exploration of spirit possession and psychological praxis in South Africa: implications for a culturally competent psychological practice
- Authors: Yew-Siong, Lauren Cindy
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Spirit possession -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Cultural competence -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52394 , vital:43635
- Description: Spirit possession has been documented in human history and evidence of it, still exists globally. In South Africa, spirit possession experiences are not uncommon; in some instances, culturally, they can be expressed as ‘amafufunyana’, while religiously, the term demonic/spirit possession holds true. The symptoms of a spirit possession state, should be of interest to psychology, given the similarity of its symptoms with those that are often typical of a psychological diagnosis, such as dissociation, hallucinations and delusions. While much attention has been given to patient experiences of spirit possession, little attention has been focused on the cultural competence required in working with patients with diverse worldviews. This study explores psychologists perceived cultural competence in working with patients who present with the experience of being possessed by a spirit. This exploration becomes more interesting, given that little to no attention in the literature has focused on the role and influence of psychologists religious and cultural belief systems and how these may influence (if at all), the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of a patient who believes that they are possessed. The researcher employed a qualitative method and design. Participants were recruited through use of a purposive sampling technique. Twelve psychologists agreed to participate in the study and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, by following a data analysis method by Braun and Clarke (2006). Four themes were identified namely, 1) Psychologists’ understanding and treatment of dissociative disorders/states, 2) Psychologists’ understanding of spirit possession; 3) Spirit possession experiences versus psychological disturbances; and 4) Cultural acknowledgement versus cultural considerations-implications for cultural competence. Findings from the study suggest that it is not only cultural considerations that is Running Head: An Exploration of Spirit Possession and Psychological Praxis in South Africa: Implications for a Culturally Competent Psychological Practice. xv needed within psychological practice, but that a sense of cultural acknowledgement is needed in order to bring about potential holistic healing, and more specifically, aid cultural competence within psychological practice. This, according to the findings of the study, can be done through collaboration between various professionals or practitioners- furthermore creating a platform for the inclusion of pluralism within mental healthcare services. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Yew-Siong, Lauren Cindy
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Spirit possession -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Cultural competence -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52394 , vital:43635
- Description: Spirit possession has been documented in human history and evidence of it, still exists globally. In South Africa, spirit possession experiences are not uncommon; in some instances, culturally, they can be expressed as ‘amafufunyana’, while religiously, the term demonic/spirit possession holds true. The symptoms of a spirit possession state, should be of interest to psychology, given the similarity of its symptoms with those that are often typical of a psychological diagnosis, such as dissociation, hallucinations and delusions. While much attention has been given to patient experiences of spirit possession, little attention has been focused on the cultural competence required in working with patients with diverse worldviews. This study explores psychologists perceived cultural competence in working with patients who present with the experience of being possessed by a spirit. This exploration becomes more interesting, given that little to no attention in the literature has focused on the role and influence of psychologists religious and cultural belief systems and how these may influence (if at all), the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of a patient who believes that they are possessed. The researcher employed a qualitative method and design. Participants were recruited through use of a purposive sampling technique. Twelve psychologists agreed to participate in the study and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, by following a data analysis method by Braun and Clarke (2006). Four themes were identified namely, 1) Psychologists’ understanding and treatment of dissociative disorders/states, 2) Psychologists’ understanding of spirit possession; 3) Spirit possession experiences versus psychological disturbances; and 4) Cultural acknowledgement versus cultural considerations-implications for cultural competence. Findings from the study suggest that it is not only cultural considerations that is Running Head: An Exploration of Spirit Possession and Psychological Praxis in South Africa: Implications for a Culturally Competent Psychological Practice. xv needed within psychological practice, but that a sense of cultural acknowledgement is needed in order to bring about potential holistic healing, and more specifically, aid cultural competence within psychological practice. This, according to the findings of the study, can be done through collaboration between various professionals or practitioners- furthermore creating a platform for the inclusion of pluralism within mental healthcare services. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An exploration of working with grade 11 life sciences educators on the use of Virtual Lab to mediate learning of energy transformations
- Authors: Shambare, Brian
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Life sciences -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Energy conversion -- Study and teaching , Educational technology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teaching -- Aids and devices , Virtual Lab
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174388 , vital:42473
- Description: The Department of Basic Education (DBE) examiners’ diagnostic reports for 2012-2019 indicate that National Senior Certificate (NSC) learners mostly perform poorly in examination questions based on scientific investigations. The low performance by learners in these questions has been attributed to the failure by teachers to effectively mediate the learning of scientific concepts due to lack of science laboratories or poorly resourced laboratories in most rural schools. As a result, most learners are finding that scientific concepts are decontextualized and hence abstract. Thus, this study explored making use of Virtual Lab to mediate learning of scientific investigations using the topic Energy transformations. The study was located within an interpretive paradigm and a qualitative case study approach was employed. The study was conducted in four different rural schools in the Joe Gqabi district and seven Grade 11 Life Sciences teachers participated. Data was generated using semi-structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, lesson observation, workshop discussions, and journal reflections. The study was informed by Vygotsky’s (1978) Socio-Cultural Theory (SCT) as the theoretical framework, and Thompson and Mishra’s (2006) Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) as the analytical framework. The results of this study showed that most educators have a positive predisposition towards the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in their practice. The study found that using the Virtual Lab to teach Life Sciences has several benefits such as safe environment for conducting experiments; convenience and accessibility; positive teacher and learner attitudes and improvement on learner performance; elimination of physical limitations of a real lab; and availability top-class lab equipment and up-to-date reagents. The study also revealed some shortcomings that were associated with the use of the Virtual Lab. These are; lack of lab partner and peer-learning; and lack of direct supervision by a more knowledgeable facilitator. This study concluded that using the Virtual Lab enhances the quality of teaching scientific experiments in the selected under-resourced rural secondary schools. The study recommends the adoption of the Virtual Lab as a viable alternative to the conventional lab.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Shambare, Brian
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Life sciences -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Energy conversion -- Study and teaching , Educational technology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teaching -- Aids and devices , Virtual Lab
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174388 , vital:42473
- Description: The Department of Basic Education (DBE) examiners’ diagnostic reports for 2012-2019 indicate that National Senior Certificate (NSC) learners mostly perform poorly in examination questions based on scientific investigations. The low performance by learners in these questions has been attributed to the failure by teachers to effectively mediate the learning of scientific concepts due to lack of science laboratories or poorly resourced laboratories in most rural schools. As a result, most learners are finding that scientific concepts are decontextualized and hence abstract. Thus, this study explored making use of Virtual Lab to mediate learning of scientific investigations using the topic Energy transformations. The study was located within an interpretive paradigm and a qualitative case study approach was employed. The study was conducted in four different rural schools in the Joe Gqabi district and seven Grade 11 Life Sciences teachers participated. Data was generated using semi-structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, lesson observation, workshop discussions, and journal reflections. The study was informed by Vygotsky’s (1978) Socio-Cultural Theory (SCT) as the theoretical framework, and Thompson and Mishra’s (2006) Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) as the analytical framework. The results of this study showed that most educators have a positive predisposition towards the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in their practice. The study found that using the Virtual Lab to teach Life Sciences has several benefits such as safe environment for conducting experiments; convenience and accessibility; positive teacher and learner attitudes and improvement on learner performance; elimination of physical limitations of a real lab; and availability top-class lab equipment and up-to-date reagents. The study also revealed some shortcomings that were associated with the use of the Virtual Lab. These are; lack of lab partner and peer-learning; and lack of direct supervision by a more knowledgeable facilitator. This study concluded that using the Virtual Lab enhances the quality of teaching scientific experiments in the selected under-resourced rural secondary schools. The study recommends the adoption of the Virtual Lab as a viable alternative to the conventional lab.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An exploratory investigation into an Integrated Vulnerability and Patch Management Framework
- Authors: Carstens, Duane
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Computer security , Computer security -- Management , Computer networks -- Security measures , Patch Management , Integrated Vulnerability
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177940 , vital:42892
- Description: In the rapidly changing world of cybersecurity, the constant increase of vulnerabilities continues to be a prevalent issue for many organisations. Malicious actors are aware that most organisations cannot timeously patch known vulnerabilities and are ill-prepared to protect against newly created vulnerabilities where a signature or an available patch has not yet been created. Consequently, information security personnel face ongoing challenges to mitigate these risks. In this research, the problem of remediation in a world of increasing vulnerabilities is considered. The current paradigm of vulnerability and patch management is reviewed using a pragmatic approach to all associated variables of these services / practices and, as a result, what is working and what is not working in terms of remediation is understood. In addition to the analysis, a taxonomy is created to provide a graphical representation of all associated variables to vulnerability and patch management based on existing literature. Frameworks currently being utilised in the industry to create an effective engagement model between vulnerability and patch management services are considered. The link between quantifying a threat, vulnerability and consequence; what Microsoft has available for patching; and the action plan for resulting vulnerabilities is explored. Furthermore, the processes and means of communication between each of these services are investigated to ensure there is effective remediation of vulnerabilities, ultimately improving the security risk posture of an organisation. In order to effectively measure the security risk posture, progress is measured between each of these services through a single averaged measurement metric. The outcome of the research highlights influencing factors that impact successful vulnerability management, in line with identified themes from the research taxonomy. These influencing factors are however significantly undermined due to resources within the same organisations not having a clear and consistent understanding of their role, organisational capabilities and objectives for effective vulnerability and patch management within their organisations. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Carstens, Duane
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Computer security , Computer security -- Management , Computer networks -- Security measures , Patch Management , Integrated Vulnerability
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177940 , vital:42892
- Description: In the rapidly changing world of cybersecurity, the constant increase of vulnerabilities continues to be a prevalent issue for many organisations. Malicious actors are aware that most organisations cannot timeously patch known vulnerabilities and are ill-prepared to protect against newly created vulnerabilities where a signature or an available patch has not yet been created. Consequently, information security personnel face ongoing challenges to mitigate these risks. In this research, the problem of remediation in a world of increasing vulnerabilities is considered. The current paradigm of vulnerability and patch management is reviewed using a pragmatic approach to all associated variables of these services / practices and, as a result, what is working and what is not working in terms of remediation is understood. In addition to the analysis, a taxonomy is created to provide a graphical representation of all associated variables to vulnerability and patch management based on existing literature. Frameworks currently being utilised in the industry to create an effective engagement model between vulnerability and patch management services are considered. The link between quantifying a threat, vulnerability and consequence; what Microsoft has available for patching; and the action plan for resulting vulnerabilities is explored. Furthermore, the processes and means of communication between each of these services are investigated to ensure there is effective remediation of vulnerabilities, ultimately improving the security risk posture of an organisation. In order to effectively measure the security risk posture, progress is measured between each of these services through a single averaged measurement metric. The outcome of the research highlights influencing factors that impact successful vulnerability management, in line with identified themes from the research taxonomy. These influencing factors are however significantly undermined due to resources within the same organisations not having a clear and consistent understanding of their role, organisational capabilities and objectives for effective vulnerability and patch management within their organisations. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An investigation into the current state of web based cryptominers and cryptojacking
- Authors: Len, Robert
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Cryptocurrencies , Malware (Computer software) , Computer networks -- Security measures , Computer networks -- Monitoring , Cryptomining , Coinhive , Cryptojacking
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178248 , vital:42924
- Description: The aim of this research was to conduct a review of the current state and extent of surreptitious crypto mining software and its prevalence as a means for income generation. Income is generated through the use of a viewer's browser to execute custom JavaScript code to mine cryptocurrencies such as Monero and Bitcoin. The research aimed to measure the prevalence of illicit mining scripts being utilised for “in-browser" cryptojacking while further analysing the ecosystems that support the cryptomining environment. The extent of the research covers aspects such as the content (or type) of the sites hosting malicious “in-browser" cryptomining software as well as the occurrences of currencies utilised in the cryptographic mining and the analysis of cryptographic mining code samples. This research aims to compare the results of previous work with the current state of affairs since the closure of Coinhive in March 2018. Coinhive were at the time the market leader in such web based mining services. Beyond the analysis of the prevalence of cryptomining on the web today, research into the methodologies and techniques used to detect and counteract cryptomining are also conducted. This includes the most recent developments in malicious JavaScript de-obfuscation as well as cryptomining signature creation and detection. Methodologies for heuristic JavaScript behaviour identification and subsequent identification of potential malicious out-liars are also included within the research of the countermeasure analysis. The research revealed that although no longer functional, Coinhive remained as the most prevalent script being used for “in-browser" cryptomining services. While remaining the most prevalent, there was however a significant decline in overall occurrences compared to when coinhive.com was operational. Analysis of the ecosystem hosting \in-browser" mining websites was found to be distributed both geographically as well as in terms of domain categorisations. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Len, Robert
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Cryptocurrencies , Malware (Computer software) , Computer networks -- Security measures , Computer networks -- Monitoring , Cryptomining , Coinhive , Cryptojacking
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178248 , vital:42924
- Description: The aim of this research was to conduct a review of the current state and extent of surreptitious crypto mining software and its prevalence as a means for income generation. Income is generated through the use of a viewer's browser to execute custom JavaScript code to mine cryptocurrencies such as Monero and Bitcoin. The research aimed to measure the prevalence of illicit mining scripts being utilised for “in-browser" cryptojacking while further analysing the ecosystems that support the cryptomining environment. The extent of the research covers aspects such as the content (or type) of the sites hosting malicious “in-browser" cryptomining software as well as the occurrences of currencies utilised in the cryptographic mining and the analysis of cryptographic mining code samples. This research aims to compare the results of previous work with the current state of affairs since the closure of Coinhive in March 2018. Coinhive were at the time the market leader in such web based mining services. Beyond the analysis of the prevalence of cryptomining on the web today, research into the methodologies and techniques used to detect and counteract cryptomining are also conducted. This includes the most recent developments in malicious JavaScript de-obfuscation as well as cryptomining signature creation and detection. Methodologies for heuristic JavaScript behaviour identification and subsequent identification of potential malicious out-liars are also included within the research of the countermeasure analysis. The research revealed that although no longer functional, Coinhive remained as the most prevalent script being used for “in-browser" cryptomining services. While remaining the most prevalent, there was however a significant decline in overall occurrences compared to when coinhive.com was operational. Analysis of the ecosystem hosting \in-browser" mining websites was found to be distributed both geographically as well as in terms of domain categorisations. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Computer Science, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An investigation into the effects of nano-carbons on the negative electrode morphology of lead acid batteries under high rate partial state of capacity cycling
- Authors: Bolo, Lukanyo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53324 , vital:45132
- Description: New technological developments in the field of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s), vehicle stop-start applications and electrical power utility devices have brought about new demands on the use of energy storage devices such as the Pb-acid battery. These applications require a new understanding and research into the material chemistry of the battery where it has to functionin a Partial State of Capacity Cycling (PSoCC) or High Rate Partial State of Capacity Cycling (HRPSoCC)duty. The Pb-acid battery is well known for its use in the automotive industry where it had worked for decades as a typical Starter, Lighting and Ignition (SLI) power source. However, the conventional Pb-acid battery is not suitable for the new types of vehicle demands and applications. When the Pb-lead acid battery is subjected to PSoCC conditions, very quickly excessive amount of non-conducting PbSO4crystals are formed on the negative plates of the battery that then drastically reduce its useful life in application. Over the years, researchers have shown that the small addition of certain carbon types to the negative plate active material (NAM) during battery manufacturing can reduce the sulfation effect thereby increasing its use the modern vehicle applications. This study investigated industrial manufactured cells that contained up to 0.5 % by weight two types of carbons in the NAM. These were compared to standard built cells in terms of their standard achievable capacities at various rates, their Cold Cranking Ability (CCA), their Dynamic Charge Acceptance (DCA) and a simplified PSoCC test. The carbons were classified as an activated carbon and a carbon nano-fiber and were included as a dry weight additive during the standard paste manufacturing process of the negative plate. Cells were built with a 9-plate configuration using standard expanded grid positive plates with a nominal rated capacity of 36 Ah. The cells were formed and subjected to a number of electrochemical tests, of which selected negative plates were then studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical in-situ Atomic Force Microscopy (EC-AFM). The microscopic study was then used to try and relate the observed material characteristics of the NAM with the carbons to the electrochemical results observed when testing a built cell. , Thesis (MA) --Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Bolo, Lukanyo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53324 , vital:45132
- Description: New technological developments in the field of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s), vehicle stop-start applications and electrical power utility devices have brought about new demands on the use of energy storage devices such as the Pb-acid battery. These applications require a new understanding and research into the material chemistry of the battery where it has to functionin a Partial State of Capacity Cycling (PSoCC) or High Rate Partial State of Capacity Cycling (HRPSoCC)duty. The Pb-acid battery is well known for its use in the automotive industry where it had worked for decades as a typical Starter, Lighting and Ignition (SLI) power source. However, the conventional Pb-acid battery is not suitable for the new types of vehicle demands and applications. When the Pb-lead acid battery is subjected to PSoCC conditions, very quickly excessive amount of non-conducting PbSO4crystals are formed on the negative plates of the battery that then drastically reduce its useful life in application. Over the years, researchers have shown that the small addition of certain carbon types to the negative plate active material (NAM) during battery manufacturing can reduce the sulfation effect thereby increasing its use the modern vehicle applications. This study investigated industrial manufactured cells that contained up to 0.5 % by weight two types of carbons in the NAM. These were compared to standard built cells in terms of their standard achievable capacities at various rates, their Cold Cranking Ability (CCA), their Dynamic Charge Acceptance (DCA) and a simplified PSoCC test. The carbons were classified as an activated carbon and a carbon nano-fiber and were included as a dry weight additive during the standard paste manufacturing process of the negative plate. Cells were built with a 9-plate configuration using standard expanded grid positive plates with a nominal rated capacity of 36 Ah. The cells were formed and subjected to a number of electrochemical tests, of which selected negative plates were then studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical in-situ Atomic Force Microscopy (EC-AFM). The microscopic study was then used to try and relate the observed material characteristics of the NAM with the carbons to the electrochemical results observed when testing a built cell. , Thesis (MA) --Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An investigation into the role of lesson study in developing teachers’ mathematics content and pedagogical content knowledge
- Authors: Kgothego, Naomi Ntsae
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Bojanala Platinum District Municipality , Pedagogical content knowledge , Lesson planning -- South Africa -- Bojanala Platinum District Municipality , Mathematics teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Bojanala Platinum District Municipality , South Africa. Department of Basic Education , Kokusai Kyōryoku Jigyōdan
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178019 , vital:42899
- Description: Results of international assessments conducted with South African learners, both in primary and secondary schools, suggest that South African learners underperform in mathematics (Spaull, 2013). While there are numerous explanations for this, one of the key explanations is that teachers are deemed to have inadequate knowledge of both mathematics content and pedagogy. Poor content and pedagogical knowledge are indications that teachers are not adequately trained to teach mathematics (Green, 2011). To improve teachers' content and pedagogical knowledge, well-planned and researched professional development programmes need to be put in place. Current professional development opportunities that centre on workshops are not working as they provide little opportunity for teachers to connect the workshop content to the contexts in which they teach. Through a collaboration between the Department of Basic Education (DBE) and Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA), the Lesson Study approach is being introduced to support teachers' professional development. This research seeks to research this approach within the context of Foundation Phase mathematics education. The research asks: How does Lesson Study contribute to the development of teachers' mathematics content and pedagogical content knowledge? Two sub-questions were developed to support the main question: • What mathematics content knowledge do teachers develop as the engage in LS? • What pedagogical content knowledge do teachers develop as they engage in LS? Using a qualitative interpretivist case study approach, I worked collaboratively with four Grade 1 teachers from two schools. Data was generated through observations, semi-structured interviews and document analysis as we engaged in the Lesson Study process. The Mathematics Knowledge for Teaching (Ball, Thames & Phelps, 2008) and the Knowledge Quartet (Rowland, Turner, Thwaites & Huckstep, 2009) frameworks were used as analytic and explanatory tools in this research. This study's findings showed that participation in the interactive cycles of Lesson Study developed the teachers’ confidence, their pedagogical content knowledge and skills and provided them with the opportunity to collaborate and reflect on their knowledge. The study's findings suggest that lesson study can be used as a strategy for improving teacher professional development. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Kgothego, Naomi Ntsae
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Bojanala Platinum District Municipality , Pedagogical content knowledge , Lesson planning -- South Africa -- Bojanala Platinum District Municipality , Mathematics teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Bojanala Platinum District Municipality , South Africa. Department of Basic Education , Kokusai Kyōryoku Jigyōdan
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178019 , vital:42899
- Description: Results of international assessments conducted with South African learners, both in primary and secondary schools, suggest that South African learners underperform in mathematics (Spaull, 2013). While there are numerous explanations for this, one of the key explanations is that teachers are deemed to have inadequate knowledge of both mathematics content and pedagogy. Poor content and pedagogical knowledge are indications that teachers are not adequately trained to teach mathematics (Green, 2011). To improve teachers' content and pedagogical knowledge, well-planned and researched professional development programmes need to be put in place. Current professional development opportunities that centre on workshops are not working as they provide little opportunity for teachers to connect the workshop content to the contexts in which they teach. Through a collaboration between the Department of Basic Education (DBE) and Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA), the Lesson Study approach is being introduced to support teachers' professional development. This research seeks to research this approach within the context of Foundation Phase mathematics education. The research asks: How does Lesson Study contribute to the development of teachers' mathematics content and pedagogical content knowledge? Two sub-questions were developed to support the main question: • What mathematics content knowledge do teachers develop as the engage in LS? • What pedagogical content knowledge do teachers develop as they engage in LS? Using a qualitative interpretivist case study approach, I worked collaboratively with four Grade 1 teachers from two schools. Data was generated through observations, semi-structured interviews and document analysis as we engaged in the Lesson Study process. The Mathematics Knowledge for Teaching (Ball, Thames & Phelps, 2008) and the Knowledge Quartet (Rowland, Turner, Thwaites & Huckstep, 2009) frameworks were used as analytic and explanatory tools in this research. This study's findings showed that participation in the interactive cycles of Lesson Study developed the teachers’ confidence, their pedagogical content knowledge and skills and provided them with the opportunity to collaborate and reflect on their knowledge. The study's findings suggest that lesson study can be used as a strategy for improving teacher professional development. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An investigation into the use of a consumer incentive to encourage recycling in South Africa
- Authors: Conway, John Charles
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Recycling (Waste, etc.) -- Economic aspects , Consumption (Economics) -- South Africa , Consumer behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51096 , vital:43208
- Description: The focus of this study is the factors that influence recycling behaviours, particularly whether incentives are likely to change consumers’ recycling behaviours in South Africa. Africa is said to become the most polluted continent within a few decades. Three of the largest metropoles in South African are likely to run out of landfill space within the next ten years. Waste streams provide considerable opportunity if waste can be safely collected and either reused, recycled, or recovered, but extracting value from the waste streams is costly and difficult. Consumers need to separate waste at source to improve the efficacy of the recycling stream, yet South Africans do not separate waste at source as a norm. The question that arises then is would an incentive improve South Africans’ willingness to recycle? This study tried to determine if incentives are likely to change consumers’ recycling behaviours in South Africa. It explored the relationship between factors that influence recycling behaviours grounded in Taylor and Todd's (1995) extension of Ajzen's (1991) Theory Of Planned Behaviour. A quantitative survey design, using both online and face to face questionnaires, was used to collect data from a cross section of randomly selected consumers. The research determines that the call to address waste management infrastructure and facilities, is indeed correct. It further confirms previous research findings that an incentive alone is not enough to change recycling behaviours as it will not negate other environmental factors. Lower income groups are more conscientious about recycling and may be enticed to participate in the recycling industry through an incentive to improve their income. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Conway, John Charles
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Recycling (Waste, etc.) -- Economic aspects , Consumption (Economics) -- South Africa , Consumer behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51096 , vital:43208
- Description: The focus of this study is the factors that influence recycling behaviours, particularly whether incentives are likely to change consumers’ recycling behaviours in South Africa. Africa is said to become the most polluted continent within a few decades. Three of the largest metropoles in South African are likely to run out of landfill space within the next ten years. Waste streams provide considerable opportunity if waste can be safely collected and either reused, recycled, or recovered, but extracting value from the waste streams is costly and difficult. Consumers need to separate waste at source to improve the efficacy of the recycling stream, yet South Africans do not separate waste at source as a norm. The question that arises then is would an incentive improve South Africans’ willingness to recycle? This study tried to determine if incentives are likely to change consumers’ recycling behaviours in South Africa. It explored the relationship between factors that influence recycling behaviours grounded in Taylor and Todd's (1995) extension of Ajzen's (1991) Theory Of Planned Behaviour. A quantitative survey design, using both online and face to face questionnaires, was used to collect data from a cross section of randomly selected consumers. The research determines that the call to address waste management infrastructure and facilities, is indeed correct. It further confirms previous research findings that an incentive alone is not enough to change recycling behaviours as it will not negate other environmental factors. Lower income groups are more conscientious about recycling and may be enticed to participate in the recycling industry through an incentive to improve their income. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An investigation of support services available for black female owners of bed & breakfasts in Makhanda
- Authors: Mdluli, Lukhona Silubonile
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Bed and breakfast accommodations -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Businesspeople, Black -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Business enterprises, Black -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Government aid to small business -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Racism -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Businesswomen -- South Africa -- Makhanda
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177181 , vital:42797
- Description: Over the last 26 years, the South African government has committed to SMME development. To do this, policies and support institutions were put in place which would create a favourable environment for SMME development. This was particularly important as after 1994, when the South African economy was re-integrated into global markets after years of having sanctions imposed against the country as a result of the apartheid system. The tourism industry was identified as one of the key economic drivers which would strengthen the economy and assist in job creation, especially since South Africa would be able to attract international tourists. Further, it created the opportunity for new participants to enter the industry, including black entrepreneurs who previously could not enter the industry as a result of the apartheid laws. The opening up of the country to international markets and the focus on the tourism industry also presented the opportunity for new forms of tourism to be explored including township tourism, which gave rise to the black-owned bed & breakfast sector. Over time, it has become evident that black entrepreneurs in this sector are facing a number of challenges, in spite of the pro-SMME policies and support institutions that are in place. Because this study seeks to investigate the support services available for black female bed & breakfast owners in Makhanda, a qualitative research approach using the interpretative theoretical framework was applied. By using semi-structured interview questions, to establish what challenges do black female bed and breakfast owners face the researcher was able to respond to the following; what participants identify as their needs; and whether they are able to access the support services that are made available by the Government. Results indicated that the majority of entrepreneurs have difficulty accessing funding to develop their businesses. The seasonality of Grahamstown/ Makhanda tourism businesses has its pros and cons for tourism entrepreneurs. Despite efforts by government to transform the tourism industry, black female entrepreneurs in this industry still experience a myriad of challenges, including passive racism. Insufficient institutional support and inaccessible support services for women have made it difficult to manage in this this environment. Thus, a recommendation is put forward for female focused entrepreneurship policy, which is more responsive in terms of a judicial and legal system(s) aimed at addressing women’s particular needs and challenges. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mdluli, Lukhona Silubonile
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Bed and breakfast accommodations -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Businesspeople, Black -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Business enterprises, Black -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Government aid to small business -- South Africa , Small business -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Racism -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Businesswomen -- South Africa -- Makhanda
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/177181 , vital:42797
- Description: Over the last 26 years, the South African government has committed to SMME development. To do this, policies and support institutions were put in place which would create a favourable environment for SMME development. This was particularly important as after 1994, when the South African economy was re-integrated into global markets after years of having sanctions imposed against the country as a result of the apartheid system. The tourism industry was identified as one of the key economic drivers which would strengthen the economy and assist in job creation, especially since South Africa would be able to attract international tourists. Further, it created the opportunity for new participants to enter the industry, including black entrepreneurs who previously could not enter the industry as a result of the apartheid laws. The opening up of the country to international markets and the focus on the tourism industry also presented the opportunity for new forms of tourism to be explored including township tourism, which gave rise to the black-owned bed & breakfast sector. Over time, it has become evident that black entrepreneurs in this sector are facing a number of challenges, in spite of the pro-SMME policies and support institutions that are in place. Because this study seeks to investigate the support services available for black female bed & breakfast owners in Makhanda, a qualitative research approach using the interpretative theoretical framework was applied. By using semi-structured interview questions, to establish what challenges do black female bed and breakfast owners face the researcher was able to respond to the following; what participants identify as their needs; and whether they are able to access the support services that are made available by the Government. Results indicated that the majority of entrepreneurs have difficulty accessing funding to develop their businesses. The seasonality of Grahamstown/ Makhanda tourism businesses has its pros and cons for tourism entrepreneurs. Despite efforts by government to transform the tourism industry, black female entrepreneurs in this industry still experience a myriad of challenges, including passive racism. Insufficient institutional support and inaccessible support services for women have made it difficult to manage in this this environment. Thus, a recommendation is put forward for female focused entrepreneurship policy, which is more responsive in terms of a judicial and legal system(s) aimed at addressing women’s particular needs and challenges. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
An investigation of the views of Catholic Church musicians in the Diocese of Port Elizabeth on the use of the pipe organ in the liturgy
- Authors: Mowatt, Simon Charles
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Church musicians -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Catholic Church
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53500 , vital:45168
- Description: As an organist and Catholic musician, I have an interest in exploring the role of, as well as attitudes towards, the pipe organ in the liturgy in the Catholic parishes in South Africa. Among both Christian and secular newspapers, headlines paint a picture of a decline in the use of the organ in churches and the number of organists in the world today (The Canadian Press, 2012). By conducting this study, my goal was to better understand this phenomenon in the context of my local diocese of Port Elizabeth. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mowatt, Simon Charles
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Church musicians -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Catholic Church
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53500 , vital:45168
- Description: As an organist and Catholic musician, I have an interest in exploring the role of, as well as attitudes towards, the pipe organ in the liturgy in the Catholic parishes in South Africa. Among both Christian and secular newspapers, headlines paint a picture of a decline in the use of the organ in churches and the number of organists in the world today (The Canadian Press, 2012). By conducting this study, my goal was to better understand this phenomenon in the context of my local diocese of Port Elizabeth. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Anisotropic copper oxide nanorods decorated with gold and palladium nanoparticles and their enzymatic properties
- Authors: Sicwetsha, Simbongile
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: To be added
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178547 , vital:42949
- Description: Access restricted until April 2023. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Sicwetsha, Simbongile
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: To be added
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178547 , vital:42949
- Description: Access restricted until April 2023. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Antibiotics combination therapy option for the control of antimicrobial-resistant non-cholera causing Vibrio species recovered from environmental niches of Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Ayodele, Oluwakemi Victoria
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Drug resistance in microorganisms , Vibrio cholerae
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20396 , vital:45661
- Description: Increased rate of antibiotic resistance (AR) poses a serious threat with a resultant notion of a possible end of the antibiotics era, making it a problem of concern to public health and a great implication on the world economy and human society. Despite many approaches developed to curb this menace, antibiotics resistance is still a challenge worldwide. This has made the use of combined therapy as one of the options in many cases. This study was conducted to assess antibiotics combination therapy as an option for the control of antimicrobial-resistant non-cholera causing Vibrio species that were recovered from the environment in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Two hundred and twenty-eight Vibrio species were recovered from the environment in the Province, and these were deposited in the archive of AEMREG. PCR was used to identify target Vibrio species. Disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the confirmed isolates against 11 antibiotics commonly used against infections. MIC and MBC were determined using antibiotics (imipenem, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid) that high resistance was discovered. Checkerboard assay was used to carry out antibiotics combination assay, and the FICI was calculated. Rate of kill was also determined using ½ × MIC, 1 × MIC, and 2 × MIC concentrations of the combined antibiotics at 2 hr intervals. One hundred of the isolates were confirmed to be Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 82 were Vibrio vulnificus and 46 were Vibrio fluvialis. Twenty-two (22) percent of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates showed resistance against tetracycline and their resistance against other antimicrobials is as follows; nalidixic acid (16 percent), ampicillin (14 percent), cefotaxime (14 percent), chloramphenicol (12 percent) and amikacin (11 percent). For Vibrio vulnificus, prevalence of resistance was as follows: imipenem (40 percent), tetracycline (22 percent), ampicillin (18 percent), meropenem (15 percent), and chloramphenicol (11 percent). Vibrio fluvialis showed the following resistance profile: nalidixic acid (28 percent), tetracycline (28percent), ampicillin (20 percent), chloramphenicol (15 percent), amikacin (11 percent) and cefotaxime (11 percent). About 38 multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes (MARP) were recorded in all species that were evaluated. About 23 percent were resistant to over 3 antibiotics used. The multiple antibiotic resistant indices (MARI) ranged between 0.3 and 0.8. MIC and MBC were carried against isolates that were resistant to the two most common antibiotics tested. MIC and MBC were determined in the following order: tetracycline and nalidixic acid at concentrations ranging from 16 μg/ml to 1024 μg/ml for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 32 μg/ml to 2048 μg/ml for Vibrio fluvialis. Also, the MIC and MBC of imipenem and tetracycline at concentrations ranging from 8 μg/ml to 256 μg/ml for Vibrio vulnificus were determined. Antibiotics combination therapy was carried out and synergistic activity was observed in 3 of the 16 resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates, 3 of the16 resistant V. vulnificus isolates and 2 of the 13 resistant V. fluvialis isolates. Antagonism was not observed across all the drug combinations. Rate of kill was also determined and at 6 hr exposure time, the highest concentration (2 × MIC) exhibited bactericidal effect across all three Vibrio species. The result derived in this research, therefore, propose that combination therapy is a promising solution to antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Ayodele, Oluwakemi Victoria
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Drug resistance in microorganisms , Vibrio cholerae
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20396 , vital:45661
- Description: Increased rate of antibiotic resistance (AR) poses a serious threat with a resultant notion of a possible end of the antibiotics era, making it a problem of concern to public health and a great implication on the world economy and human society. Despite many approaches developed to curb this menace, antibiotics resistance is still a challenge worldwide. This has made the use of combined therapy as one of the options in many cases. This study was conducted to assess antibiotics combination therapy as an option for the control of antimicrobial-resistant non-cholera causing Vibrio species that were recovered from the environment in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Two hundred and twenty-eight Vibrio species were recovered from the environment in the Province, and these were deposited in the archive of AEMREG. PCR was used to identify target Vibrio species. Disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the confirmed isolates against 11 antibiotics commonly used against infections. MIC and MBC were determined using antibiotics (imipenem, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid) that high resistance was discovered. Checkerboard assay was used to carry out antibiotics combination assay, and the FICI was calculated. Rate of kill was also determined using ½ × MIC, 1 × MIC, and 2 × MIC concentrations of the combined antibiotics at 2 hr intervals. One hundred of the isolates were confirmed to be Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 82 were Vibrio vulnificus and 46 were Vibrio fluvialis. Twenty-two (22) percent of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates showed resistance against tetracycline and their resistance against other antimicrobials is as follows; nalidixic acid (16 percent), ampicillin (14 percent), cefotaxime (14 percent), chloramphenicol (12 percent) and amikacin (11 percent). For Vibrio vulnificus, prevalence of resistance was as follows: imipenem (40 percent), tetracycline (22 percent), ampicillin (18 percent), meropenem (15 percent), and chloramphenicol (11 percent). Vibrio fluvialis showed the following resistance profile: nalidixic acid (28 percent), tetracycline (28percent), ampicillin (20 percent), chloramphenicol (15 percent), amikacin (11 percent) and cefotaxime (11 percent). About 38 multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes (MARP) were recorded in all species that were evaluated. About 23 percent were resistant to over 3 antibiotics used. The multiple antibiotic resistant indices (MARI) ranged between 0.3 and 0.8. MIC and MBC were carried against isolates that were resistant to the two most common antibiotics tested. MIC and MBC were determined in the following order: tetracycline and nalidixic acid at concentrations ranging from 16 μg/ml to 1024 μg/ml for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 32 μg/ml to 2048 μg/ml for Vibrio fluvialis. Also, the MIC and MBC of imipenem and tetracycline at concentrations ranging from 8 μg/ml to 256 μg/ml for Vibrio vulnificus were determined. Antibiotics combination therapy was carried out and synergistic activity was observed in 3 of the 16 resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates, 3 of the16 resistant V. vulnificus isolates and 2 of the 13 resistant V. fluvialis isolates. Antagonism was not observed across all the drug combinations. Rate of kill was also determined and at 6 hr exposure time, the highest concentration (2 × MIC) exhibited bactericidal effect across all three Vibrio species. The result derived in this research, therefore, propose that combination therapy is a promising solution to antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles on Cryptococcus species
- Authors: Roman, Nasstasja
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Cryptococcus
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52089 , vital:43445
- Description: Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for cryptococcal infections, which have become a great concern particularly in immunocompromised patients. This pulmonary disease causes damage to lung tissue and is presumed to be responsible for approximately 650,000 deaths annually. There is a major need for novel antimicrobial agents to avoid the emergence of resistant strains due to extended use of known antifungal drugs. Silver has become an important antimicrobial agent used in medical devices, cosmetics and even house-hold or clothing products. It is highly toxic and has a reduced risk of resistance. Silver nanoparticles have been broadly explored as an antimicrobial agent due to its high reactivity, large surface area and small size. They have been reported to display antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, viruses and fungi. C. neoformans is a pathogenic microorganism that possesses a number of virulence factors which increases the infectivity of the microorganism in immunocompromised individuals. Some of these include the presence of a polysaccharide capsule, melanin, urease and phospholipase production. Owing to limited availability of antifungal drugs and the possibility of drug resistance, this study focused on an alternative antimicrobial agent, namely silver nanoparticles, and the effects that silver nanoparticles had on fungal β-glucan, chitin and urease, phospholipase and melanin virulence factors. Results from our study show that silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of C. neoformans at concentrations between 3.125 ƒM and 25 ƒM. Both 26.4 nm and 28.4 nm nanoparticles displayed growth inhibition, but were unable to kill the organism at concentrations of 200 ƒM and above. The silver nanoparticles caused a reduction in βglucan content. There was also an accumulation of intracellular ROS, and phospholipase activity, was reduced. In contrast, the organism displayed an increase in chitin content, melanin and urease activity upon exposure to the nanoparticles. This study shows that chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are an effective antifungal alternative that greatly reduces or inhibits C. neoformans growth at very low concentrations (ƒM). For future studies it may be feasible to investigate the use of these nanoparticles in combination with known antifungal agents, to prevent the emergence of resistance and inhibit possible defense mechanisms displayed by the organism. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Roman, Nasstasja
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Cryptococcus
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52089 , vital:43445
- Description: Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for cryptococcal infections, which have become a great concern particularly in immunocompromised patients. This pulmonary disease causes damage to lung tissue and is presumed to be responsible for approximately 650,000 deaths annually. There is a major need for novel antimicrobial agents to avoid the emergence of resistant strains due to extended use of known antifungal drugs. Silver has become an important antimicrobial agent used in medical devices, cosmetics and even house-hold or clothing products. It is highly toxic and has a reduced risk of resistance. Silver nanoparticles have been broadly explored as an antimicrobial agent due to its high reactivity, large surface area and small size. They have been reported to display antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, viruses and fungi. C. neoformans is a pathogenic microorganism that possesses a number of virulence factors which increases the infectivity of the microorganism in immunocompromised individuals. Some of these include the presence of a polysaccharide capsule, melanin, urease and phospholipase production. Owing to limited availability of antifungal drugs and the possibility of drug resistance, this study focused on an alternative antimicrobial agent, namely silver nanoparticles, and the effects that silver nanoparticles had on fungal β-glucan, chitin and urease, phospholipase and melanin virulence factors. Results from our study show that silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of C. neoformans at concentrations between 3.125 ƒM and 25 ƒM. Both 26.4 nm and 28.4 nm nanoparticles displayed growth inhibition, but were unable to kill the organism at concentrations of 200 ƒM and above. The silver nanoparticles caused a reduction in βglucan content. There was also an accumulation of intracellular ROS, and phospholipase activity, was reduced. In contrast, the organism displayed an increase in chitin content, melanin and urease activity upon exposure to the nanoparticles. This study shows that chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are an effective antifungal alternative that greatly reduces or inhibits C. neoformans growth at very low concentrations (ƒM). For future studies it may be feasible to investigate the use of these nanoparticles in combination with known antifungal agents, to prevent the emergence of resistance and inhibit possible defense mechanisms displayed by the organism. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Antiproliferative activity of novel rhenium complexes and medicinal plant extracts
- Oosthuizen, Kenneth Thomas, Venables, Luanne
- Authors: Oosthuizen, Kenneth Thomas , Venables, Luanne
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Medicinal plants -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52028 , vital:43441
- Description: Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that affects millions of individuals every year. The adverse side effects and escalating costs of current therapies coupled with the increased incidence of resistance to these therapies make it imperative that we explore novel treatments for the disease. This study investigated two avenues for novel drug design namely, novel synthetic compounds and medicinal plant extracts. The benzimidazole ring system has shown potential as a scaffold for designing novel anticancer agents. Conjugation of the metal rhenium to novel variants of this ring system open up the possibility of designing novel drugs that serve both a diagnostic and a therapeutic function. This study investigated the in vitro anticancer potential of ten such complexes against selected breast and cervical cancer cell lines. The selectivity of the complexes for cancer cells over normal cells was also investigated while the mechanism of action of effective complexes was determined by exploring cell cycle arrest, biochemical markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane disruption. All ten complexes were screened against MCF7 breast and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines with four showing antiproliferative activity against both cancer cell lines and one showing cell line specific toxicity against MCF7 breast cancer cells. When looking at the SAR of the compounds it was noted that activity was higher in compounds which contain two potentially bidentate benzothiazole ligands, while compounds with potentially tridentate ligands show good activity, but only if the benzothiazole moiety is not involved in coordination. The complexes showed greater antiproliferative activity against the MCF7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.2 to 7.0 µM versus a range of 7.6 to 24.4 µM being obtained on the HeLa cervical cancer cells. Antiproliferative complexes were tested against confluent and log phase Vero cells at their respective IC50 values to determine their effect on “normal” cells. Confluent Vero cells showed less cell death than those in log phase indicating that the complexes show preference for proliferating cells. The mechanism of action of the complexes was studied on both cancer cell lines via cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays investigating phosphatidylserine translocation, caspase -3 and -8 activation and mitochondrial membrane potential with most complexes inducing cell cycle arrest followed by cell death via both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Since 1940, 49% of all the available anticancer drugs approved for cancer treatment were natural products or directly derived from natural products. Plants are an excellent source of secondary metabolites, many of which are unique chemical compounds that cannot be synthesized in a laboratory. Ethnobotanical surveys conducted in conjunction with Traditional Health Practitioners of the Mkuranga and Same districts in Tanzania identified 25 plants that are used for the treatment of cancer. Four of these plants (A. mossambicensis, C. adenocaule, C. pseudopulchelusis and R. natalensis) with ethnobotanically reported anticancer usage showed cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp and were selected for further in vitro anticancer studies. All four plants were found to have antiproliferative activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.4 to 50.8 µg/mL. This study was also tasked with investigating the mechanism of action of C. pseudopulchelus on HeLa cervical cancer cells by exploring cell cycle arrest, biochemical markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane x disruption. C. pseudopulchelus caused early M phase arrest followed by slippage and subsequent cell death via the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. In conclusion, this study showed that both novel complexes as well as medicinal plant extracts represent an interesting avenue for the development of novel anticancer drugs that are cheaper and produce less side effects than current therapies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Oosthuizen, Kenneth Thomas , Venables, Luanne
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Medicinal plants -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52028 , vital:43441
- Description: Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that affects millions of individuals every year. The adverse side effects and escalating costs of current therapies coupled with the increased incidence of resistance to these therapies make it imperative that we explore novel treatments for the disease. This study investigated two avenues for novel drug design namely, novel synthetic compounds and medicinal plant extracts. The benzimidazole ring system has shown potential as a scaffold for designing novel anticancer agents. Conjugation of the metal rhenium to novel variants of this ring system open up the possibility of designing novel drugs that serve both a diagnostic and a therapeutic function. This study investigated the in vitro anticancer potential of ten such complexes against selected breast and cervical cancer cell lines. The selectivity of the complexes for cancer cells over normal cells was also investigated while the mechanism of action of effective complexes was determined by exploring cell cycle arrest, biochemical markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane disruption. All ten complexes were screened against MCF7 breast and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines with four showing antiproliferative activity against both cancer cell lines and one showing cell line specific toxicity against MCF7 breast cancer cells. When looking at the SAR of the compounds it was noted that activity was higher in compounds which contain two potentially bidentate benzothiazole ligands, while compounds with potentially tridentate ligands show good activity, but only if the benzothiazole moiety is not involved in coordination. The complexes showed greater antiproliferative activity against the MCF7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.2 to 7.0 µM versus a range of 7.6 to 24.4 µM being obtained on the HeLa cervical cancer cells. Antiproliferative complexes were tested against confluent and log phase Vero cells at their respective IC50 values to determine their effect on “normal” cells. Confluent Vero cells showed less cell death than those in log phase indicating that the complexes show preference for proliferating cells. The mechanism of action of the complexes was studied on both cancer cell lines via cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays investigating phosphatidylserine translocation, caspase -3 and -8 activation and mitochondrial membrane potential with most complexes inducing cell cycle arrest followed by cell death via both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Since 1940, 49% of all the available anticancer drugs approved for cancer treatment were natural products or directly derived from natural products. Plants are an excellent source of secondary metabolites, many of which are unique chemical compounds that cannot be synthesized in a laboratory. Ethnobotanical surveys conducted in conjunction with Traditional Health Practitioners of the Mkuranga and Same districts in Tanzania identified 25 plants that are used for the treatment of cancer. Four of these plants (A. mossambicensis, C. adenocaule, C. pseudopulchelusis and R. natalensis) with ethnobotanically reported anticancer usage showed cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp and were selected for further in vitro anticancer studies. All four plants were found to have antiproliferative activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.4 to 50.8 µg/mL. This study was also tasked with investigating the mechanism of action of C. pseudopulchelus on HeLa cervical cancer cells by exploring cell cycle arrest, biochemical markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane x disruption. C. pseudopulchelus caused early M phase arrest followed by slippage and subsequent cell death via the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. In conclusion, this study showed that both novel complexes as well as medicinal plant extracts represent an interesting avenue for the development of novel anticancer drugs that are cheaper and produce less side effects than current therapies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Assessing community engagement programmes to mitigate uncontrolled, deliberately ignited fires in forestry plantation-communal land interface, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
- Authors: Ramantswana, Nontethelelo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Forest fires -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52008 , vital:43439
- Description: Forestry plantations in South Africa are surrounded by poor local communities that normally depend on the forestry resources for subsistence. This interface area is faced with human induced uncontrolled fires. There is a lack of understanding regarding the reasons for deliberate ignition of uncontrolled fires. There is also lack of information on the success of community engagement programs (CEPs) as fire protection intervention and / or their implementation barriers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Ramantswana, Nontethelelo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Forest fires -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52008 , vital:43439
- Description: Forestry plantations in South Africa are surrounded by poor local communities that normally depend on the forestry resources for subsistence. This interface area is faced with human induced uncontrolled fires. There is a lack of understanding regarding the reasons for deliberate ignition of uncontrolled fires. There is also lack of information on the success of community engagement programs (CEPs) as fire protection intervention and / or their implementation barriers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Assessing the employee talent retention strategy at the industrial development corporation
- Authors: Madondo, Lungile Sharon
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Employee retention -- South Africa , Labor turnover -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51798 , vital:43373
- Description: Successful employee retention is essential to an organisation’s stability, growth and revenue. Without properly implemented employee retention strategies, the organisation may face high employee turnover rates. An increased longevity of an employee’s tenure is better for the organisation’s overall performance. This study sought to evaluate the factors affecting employee retention at the IDC. To enhance the success of the study, the research objective was to assess the relationship between five HR factors and employee retention within the IDC. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The sampling method used for this study was convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The researcher cleansed and coded the data, whilst a statistician entered the collected data into STATISTICA. The data was analysed descriptively and also by means of inferential analysis method that is. The descriptive data was presented in the format of pie charts and tables with percentages, means and standard deviations as measures for distribution mechanisms. While inferential analysis presented the regression in table formats but with a clear indication of significant levels and adjusted R-square for all the independent variables. The sample that participated in this study consisted of 288 respondents from the IDC. Empirical findings revealed that the working environment, work-life balance, compensation and employee engagement positively influenced employee retention. Career development was not significantly related to employee retention. The study concluded and made recommendations to four stakeholders, namely the government to have roadshows and marketing activities to promote the Skills Development Act and skills Levies Act, IDC to review their employee retention strategy, Managers or Supervisors to support their employees by providing market related salary packages and provide session where they engage the employees in the organisations developments, and the HR Practitioners must ensure that the right fit of candidates are recruited to the organisation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Madondo, Lungile Sharon
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Employee retention -- South Africa , Labor turnover -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51798 , vital:43373
- Description: Successful employee retention is essential to an organisation’s stability, growth and revenue. Without properly implemented employee retention strategies, the organisation may face high employee turnover rates. An increased longevity of an employee’s tenure is better for the organisation’s overall performance. This study sought to evaluate the factors affecting employee retention at the IDC. To enhance the success of the study, the research objective was to assess the relationship between five HR factors and employee retention within the IDC. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The sampling method used for this study was convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The researcher cleansed and coded the data, whilst a statistician entered the collected data into STATISTICA. The data was analysed descriptively and also by means of inferential analysis method that is. The descriptive data was presented in the format of pie charts and tables with percentages, means and standard deviations as measures for distribution mechanisms. While inferential analysis presented the regression in table formats but with a clear indication of significant levels and adjusted R-square for all the independent variables. The sample that participated in this study consisted of 288 respondents from the IDC. Empirical findings revealed that the working environment, work-life balance, compensation and employee engagement positively influenced employee retention. Career development was not significantly related to employee retention. The study concluded and made recommendations to four stakeholders, namely the government to have roadshows and marketing activities to promote the Skills Development Act and skills Levies Act, IDC to review their employee retention strategy, Managers or Supervisors to support their employees by providing market related salary packages and provide session where they engage the employees in the organisations developments, and the HR Practitioners must ensure that the right fit of candidates are recruited to the organisation. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences , Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04