Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of polymer-based wound dressings for the management of chronic wounds
- Authors: Alven, Sibusiso
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: Toxicity testing -- In vitro , Wound healing , Chronic diseases
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27992 , vital:71414
- Description: Microbial infections are responsible for the retarded recovery process of chronic wounds. Polymer-based scaffolds possess features suitable for the treatment of chronic injuries. However, these scaffolds are commonly encapsulated with therapeutic agents to enhance their biological activities, including antibacterial efficacy. In this research, two types of polymer-based scaffolds were formulated and evaluated as effective formulations for the treatment of chronic wounds: sponges and topical gels. Sponges were formulated from cross-linking of gelatin and PEG. Ag nanoparticles and metronidazole were incorporated into the sponges to improve their antibacterial activity. Topical gels were loaded with essential oils and Ag nanoparticles and prepared from CMC and poloxamer. The prepared sponges and topical gels were evaluated using various analysis and characterization techniques. SEM/EDX, FTIR, and TGA were employed to characterize gelatin/PEG hybrid sponges followed by porosity, in vitro biodegradability, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial studies. FTIR, SEM/EDX, and TGA confirmed their physicochemical properties and successful fabrication of sponges loaded with metronidazole and Ag nanoparticles. The sponges were biodegradable, indicating their capability to induce skin regeneration. The drug release studies showed a rapid release of metronidazole 28.32-71.97 percent from the sponges over the first hour, followed by a sustained drug release. The Ag nanoparticles were released in a sustained manner, suggesting that these sponges can rapidly destroy bacteria and inhibit persisting bacterial infections as well as protect the lesion bed from further bacteria infections. The in vitro antibacterial studies of sponges displayed superior antibacterial activity against most of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains commonly found in chronic wound infections with a MIC value of 15.625 μg/mL. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments revealed excellent biocompatibility with a percent cell viability of more than 70 percent. The in vitro wound scratch healing assay exhibited that the sponges encapsulated with only metronidazole promoted high cell migration than the dual drug-loaded sponges and untreated cells, suggesting its potential to quicken the wound healing process. CMC/Poloxamer topical gels were also characterized by FTIR, followed by pH, viscosity, spreadability, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial studies. FTIR showed successful preparation of CMC/Poloxamer topical gels loaded with essential oils and Ag nanoparticles. The topical gels exhibited pH in the range of 5.20-6.68, spreadability between 5.4 and 5.9 cm, and viscosity ranged from 216 to 1200 cP at 50 rpm and 210–858 cP at 100 rpm. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrated that Ag nanoparticles were released from the topical gels in a sustained manner. Most formulated topical gels demonstrated superior antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains than the blank gel and controls. The cytotoxicity analysis displayed more than 90.83 percent cell viability for the topical gels, revealing excellent biocompatibility. The outcomes revealed that the topical gels enriched with essential oils lavender and tea tree and Ag nanoparticles and sponges incorporated with metronidazole and Ag nanoparticles are potential wound dressing scaffolds that can be employed for the treatment of chronic infected injuries. The in vitro wound healing experiments showed that the HaCaT cells cultured with gels co-enriched with lavender oil and Ag nanoparticles possessed a higher rate of closure in comparison to the untreated cells for 96 hours. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Alven, Sibusiso
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: Toxicity testing -- In vitro , Wound healing , Chronic diseases
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27992 , vital:71414
- Description: Microbial infections are responsible for the retarded recovery process of chronic wounds. Polymer-based scaffolds possess features suitable for the treatment of chronic injuries. However, these scaffolds are commonly encapsulated with therapeutic agents to enhance their biological activities, including antibacterial efficacy. In this research, two types of polymer-based scaffolds were formulated and evaluated as effective formulations for the treatment of chronic wounds: sponges and topical gels. Sponges were formulated from cross-linking of gelatin and PEG. Ag nanoparticles and metronidazole were incorporated into the sponges to improve their antibacterial activity. Topical gels were loaded with essential oils and Ag nanoparticles and prepared from CMC and poloxamer. The prepared sponges and topical gels were evaluated using various analysis and characterization techniques. SEM/EDX, FTIR, and TGA were employed to characterize gelatin/PEG hybrid sponges followed by porosity, in vitro biodegradability, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial studies. FTIR, SEM/EDX, and TGA confirmed their physicochemical properties and successful fabrication of sponges loaded with metronidazole and Ag nanoparticles. The sponges were biodegradable, indicating their capability to induce skin regeneration. The drug release studies showed a rapid release of metronidazole 28.32-71.97 percent from the sponges over the first hour, followed by a sustained drug release. The Ag nanoparticles were released in a sustained manner, suggesting that these sponges can rapidly destroy bacteria and inhibit persisting bacterial infections as well as protect the lesion bed from further bacteria infections. The in vitro antibacterial studies of sponges displayed superior antibacterial activity against most of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains commonly found in chronic wound infections with a MIC value of 15.625 μg/mL. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments revealed excellent biocompatibility with a percent cell viability of more than 70 percent. The in vitro wound scratch healing assay exhibited that the sponges encapsulated with only metronidazole promoted high cell migration than the dual drug-loaded sponges and untreated cells, suggesting its potential to quicken the wound healing process. CMC/Poloxamer topical gels were also characterized by FTIR, followed by pH, viscosity, spreadability, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial studies. FTIR showed successful preparation of CMC/Poloxamer topical gels loaded with essential oils and Ag nanoparticles. The topical gels exhibited pH in the range of 5.20-6.68, spreadability between 5.4 and 5.9 cm, and viscosity ranged from 216 to 1200 cP at 50 rpm and 210–858 cP at 100 rpm. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrated that Ag nanoparticles were released from the topical gels in a sustained manner. Most formulated topical gels demonstrated superior antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains than the blank gel and controls. The cytotoxicity analysis displayed more than 90.83 percent cell viability for the topical gels, revealing excellent biocompatibility. The outcomes revealed that the topical gels enriched with essential oils lavender and tea tree and Ag nanoparticles and sponges incorporated with metronidazole and Ag nanoparticles are potential wound dressing scaffolds that can be employed for the treatment of chronic infected injuries. The in vitro wound healing experiments showed that the HaCaT cells cultured with gels co-enriched with lavender oil and Ag nanoparticles possessed a higher rate of closure in comparison to the untreated cells for 96 hours. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Principles of Computer Architecture
- Authors: Machanick, Philip
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439184 , vital:73553 , https://homes.cs.ru.ac.za/philip/Courses/CSHonsArch/HonsArchNotes2022.pdf
- Description: Last week, Control Data ... announced the 6600 system. I understand that in the laboratory developing the system there are only 34 people including the janitor. Of these, 14 are engineers and 4 are programmers... Contrasting this modest effort with our vast development activities, I fail to understand why we have lost our industry leadership position by letting someone else offer the world’s most powerful computer – Thomas Watson Jr., IBM CEO, August 1963 It seems like Mr. Watson has answered his own question – Seymour Cray
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Machanick, Philip
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439184 , vital:73553 , https://homes.cs.ru.ac.za/philip/Courses/CSHonsArch/HonsArchNotes2022.pdf
- Description: Last week, Control Data ... announced the 6600 system. I understand that in the laboratory developing the system there are only 34 people including the janitor. Of these, 14 are engineers and 4 are programmers... Contrasting this modest effort with our vast development activities, I fail to understand why we have lost our industry leadership position by letting someone else offer the world’s most powerful computer – Thomas Watson Jr., IBM CEO, August 1963 It seems like Mr. Watson has answered his own question – Seymour Cray
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Promotion of Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions
- Wei, Yuqin, Zhao, Long, Yuan, Rui, Xue, Zhaoli, Mack, John, Chivumba, Choonzo, Nyokong, Tebello, Zhang, Jianming
- Authors: Wei, Yuqin , Zhao, Long , Yuan, Rui , Xue, Zhaoli , Mack, John , Chivumba, Choonzo , Nyokong, Tebello , Zhang, Jianming
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/300347 , vital:57919 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01591"
- Description: Three ABAB-type cobalt meso-tetraarylporphyrins with fluorine (F-CoPor), acetic acid (AC-CoPor), and cyanoacetic acid (CN-CoPor) groups at the para-positions of phenyl rings at the 10,20-positions are synthesized and evaluated as catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). In density functional theory calculations, the frontier molecular orbitals of these complexes were found to be stabilized relative to model complexes with electron-withdrawing atoms or moieties on the meso-aryl rings. Electrochemical measurements suggest that electrodes with CN-CoPor (CN-CoPor/C) exhibit the most positive ORR potential values and the highest limiting current density in both acidic and alkali electrolytes, while the F-CoPor/C electrocatalyst exhibits extremely low ORR performance. The electron transfer numbers for the electrocatalysts are more than 3.0, indicating that a mixture of 2- and 4-electron transfer pathways occurs. The results demonstrate that coupling the hydrogen bonding properties and electron-withdrawing abilities through rational design of the substituent at the meso-position is an efficient way to modify the ORR performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Wei, Yuqin , Zhao, Long , Yuan, Rui , Xue, Zhaoli , Mack, John , Chivumba, Choonzo , Nyokong, Tebello , Zhang, Jianming
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/300347 , vital:57919 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01591"
- Description: Three ABAB-type cobalt meso-tetraarylporphyrins with fluorine (F-CoPor), acetic acid (AC-CoPor), and cyanoacetic acid (CN-CoPor) groups at the para-positions of phenyl rings at the 10,20-positions are synthesized and evaluated as catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). In density functional theory calculations, the frontier molecular orbitals of these complexes were found to be stabilized relative to model complexes with electron-withdrawing atoms or moieties on the meso-aryl rings. Electrochemical measurements suggest that electrodes with CN-CoPor (CN-CoPor/C) exhibit the most positive ORR potential values and the highest limiting current density in both acidic and alkali electrolytes, while the F-CoPor/C electrocatalyst exhibits extremely low ORR performance. The electron transfer numbers for the electrocatalysts are more than 3.0, indicating that a mixture of 2- and 4-electron transfer pathways occurs. The results demonstrate that coupling the hydrogen bonding properties and electron-withdrawing abilities through rational design of the substituent at the meso-position is an efficient way to modify the ORR performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Reaction of Perrhenate with Phthalocyanine Derivatives in the Presence of Reducing Agents and Rhenium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications
- Ntsimango, Songeziwe, Gandidzanwa, Sendibitiyosi, Joseph, Sinelizwi V, Hosten, Eric C, Randall, Marvin, Edkins, Adrienne L, Khene, Samson M, Mashazi, Philani N, Nyokong, Tebello, Abrahams, Abubak’r, Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Authors: Ntsimango, Songeziwe , Gandidzanwa, Sendibitiyosi , Joseph, Sinelizwi V , Hosten, Eric C , Randall, Marvin , Edkins, Adrienne L , Khene, Samson M , Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello , Abrahams, Abubak’r , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/300257 , vital:57910 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202200037"
- Description: A novel alternative route to access rhenium(V)−phthalocyanine complexes through direct metalation of metal-free phthalocyanines (H2Pcs) with a rhenium(VII) salt in the presence of various two-electron reducing agents is presented. Direct ion metalation of tetraamino- or tetranitrophthalocyanine with perrhenate (ReO4−) in the presence of triphenylphosphine led to oxidative decomposition of the H2Pcs, giving their respective phthalonitriles. Conversely, treatment of H2Pcs with ReO4− employing sodium metabisulfite yielded the desired ReVO−Pc complex. Finally, reaction of H2Pcs with ReO4− and NaBH4 as reducing agent led to the formation of rhenium oxide (RexOy) nanoparticles (NPs). The NP synthesis was optimised, and the RexOy NPs were capped with folic acid (FA) conjugated with tetraaminophthalocyanine (TAPc) to enhance their cancer cell targeting ability. The cytotoxicity profile of the resultant RexOy−TAPc−FA NPs was assessed and found to be greater than 80 % viability in four cell lines, namely, MDA−MB-231, HCC7, HCC1806 and HEK293T. Non-cytotoxic concentrations were determined and employed in cancer cell localization studies. The particle size effect on localization of NPs was also investigated using confocal fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The smaller NPs (≈10 nm) were found to exhibit stronger fluorescence properties than the ≈50 nm NPs and exhibited better cell localization ability than the ≈50 nm NPs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Ntsimango, Songeziwe , Gandidzanwa, Sendibitiyosi , Joseph, Sinelizwi V , Hosten, Eric C , Randall, Marvin , Edkins, Adrienne L , Khene, Samson M , Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello , Abrahams, Abubak’r , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/300257 , vital:57910 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202200037"
- Description: A novel alternative route to access rhenium(V)−phthalocyanine complexes through direct metalation of metal-free phthalocyanines (H2Pcs) with a rhenium(VII) salt in the presence of various two-electron reducing agents is presented. Direct ion metalation of tetraamino- or tetranitrophthalocyanine with perrhenate (ReO4−) in the presence of triphenylphosphine led to oxidative decomposition of the H2Pcs, giving their respective phthalonitriles. Conversely, treatment of H2Pcs with ReO4− employing sodium metabisulfite yielded the desired ReVO−Pc complex. Finally, reaction of H2Pcs with ReO4− and NaBH4 as reducing agent led to the formation of rhenium oxide (RexOy) nanoparticles (NPs). The NP synthesis was optimised, and the RexOy NPs were capped with folic acid (FA) conjugated with tetraaminophthalocyanine (TAPc) to enhance their cancer cell targeting ability. The cytotoxicity profile of the resultant RexOy−TAPc−FA NPs was assessed and found to be greater than 80 % viability in four cell lines, namely, MDA−MB-231, HCC7, HCC1806 and HEK293T. Non-cytotoxic concentrations were determined and employed in cancer cell localization studies. The particle size effect on localization of NPs was also investigated using confocal fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The smaller NPs (≈10 nm) were found to exhibit stronger fluorescence properties than the ≈50 nm NPs and exhibited better cell localization ability than the ≈50 nm NPs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Rectangular framed fishbone painting
- Date: 2022 , 2022-09-22
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia , Subject if needed
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56565 , vital:56864
- Description: Rectangular framed fishbone painting. A National Award to Dr. Brigalia Bam from Fiji. Dr. Brigalia Bam presented a workshop for women in the Caribbean Islands under the auspices of the World Council of Churches, where she explained the protocol on workshops to the women attendees, who were unfamiliar with the protocol. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
- Date: 2022 , 2022-09-22
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia , Subject if needed
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56565 , vital:56864
- Description: Rectangular framed fishbone painting. A National Award to Dr. Brigalia Bam from Fiji. Dr. Brigalia Bam presented a workshop for women in the Caribbean Islands under the auspices of the World Council of Churches, where she explained the protocol on workshops to the women attendees, who were unfamiliar with the protocol. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
Red, gold and black wooden circular pot with base and lid
- Date: 2022 , 2022-09-22
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56545 , vital:56842
- Description: Red, gold and black wooden circular pot with base and lid, a gift to Dr. Brigalia Bam from Russia. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
- Date: 2022 , 2022-09-22
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56545 , vital:56842
- Description: Red, gold and black wooden circular pot with base and lid, a gift to Dr. Brigalia Bam from Russia. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
Refining youth sexualities empowerment programmes: The development of the Masizixhobise Toolkit based on a critical sexual and reproductive citizenship framework
- Macleod, Catriona I, Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434158 , vital:73035 , ISBN 9781003139782 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139782-15/refining-youth-sexualities-empowerment-programmes-catriona-ida-macleod-sarah-moore
- Description: Youth sexualities programmes frequently focus on empowering young people in relation to sexual decision-making and interactions. Within these programmes, however, empowerment is mostly equated with the individualised concepts of self-efficacy and agency to the exclusion of interpersonal and social (i.e. collective) components. Resultantly, the social justice aspects of empowerment may be overlooked. Noting this, some researchers have argued for the adoption of a broader, integrative conceptualisation of empowerment. Macleod’s and Vincent’s critical sexual and reproductive citizenship (CSRC) framework provides such a conceptualisation. This framework draws from feminist re-workings of the principles of citizenship and applies these to understandings of CSRC. Based on this framework, key issues for consideration in programmes are: sexual and reproductive citizenship as status and practice; situated agency; differentiated universalism; the interweaving of the private and public; and the politics of recognition, redistribution and reparation. This chapter discusses the development of a programme refinement toolkit based on a CSRC framework, named the Masizixhobise Toolkit; how the elements outlined above were operationalised into questions; an illustrative example; and the partnership formed with a youth empowerment non-governmental organisation in developing the toolkit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434158 , vital:73035 , ISBN 9781003139782 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139782-15/refining-youth-sexualities-empowerment-programmes-catriona-ida-macleod-sarah-moore
- Description: Youth sexualities programmes frequently focus on empowering young people in relation to sexual decision-making and interactions. Within these programmes, however, empowerment is mostly equated with the individualised concepts of self-efficacy and agency to the exclusion of interpersonal and social (i.e. collective) components. Resultantly, the social justice aspects of empowerment may be overlooked. Noting this, some researchers have argued for the adoption of a broader, integrative conceptualisation of empowerment. Macleod’s and Vincent’s critical sexual and reproductive citizenship (CSRC) framework provides such a conceptualisation. This framework draws from feminist re-workings of the principles of citizenship and applies these to understandings of CSRC. Based on this framework, key issues for consideration in programmes are: sexual and reproductive citizenship as status and practice; situated agency; differentiated universalism; the interweaving of the private and public; and the politics of recognition, redistribution and reparation. This chapter discusses the development of a programme refinement toolkit based on a CSRC framework, named the Masizixhobise Toolkit; how the elements outlined above were operationalised into questions; an illustrative example; and the partnership formed with a youth empowerment non-governmental organisation in developing the toolkit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Reflections from early-career researchers on the past, present and future of doctoral education
- Mason, Shannon, Lévesque, Maude, Meki-Kombe, Charity, Abel, Sophie, Balaban, Corina, Chiappa, Roxana, Grund, Martin, Joubert, Biandri, Kuchumova, Gulfiya, Mantai, Lilia, Main, Joyce, Motshoane, Puleng, Qi, Jing, Steyn, Ronel, Zheng, Gaoming
- Authors: Mason, Shannon , Lévesque, Maude , Meki-Kombe, Charity , Abel, Sophie , Balaban, Corina , Chiappa, Roxana , Grund, Martin , Joubert, Biandri , Kuchumova, Gulfiya , Mantai, Lilia , Main, Joyce , Motshoane, Puleng , Qi, Jing , Steyn, Ronel , Zheng, Gaoming
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434543 , vital:73075 , ISBN 9781800080218 , https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/58197/1/9781800080188.pdf#page=264
- Description: Early-career researchers (ECRs) played a unique and explicit role in the development of the Hannover Recommendations 2019. We, the ECRs, were the recipients of competitive travel scholarships generously funded by Volkswagen Stiftung, whose support brought us together from across the globe. Attendance at the culminating conference in Germany presented an opportunity for some that would have otherwise been inaccessible without that support. Our role was to work alongside established scholars to design and develop a set of recommendations to provide a foundation for the future of doctoral education internationally. We each participated in different capacities, with some members of the group joining preliminary pre-conference online meetings and contributing to group discussions at the workshop in the days prior to the conference, which also involved the drafting of written reports. Others joined later in the process, participating in the discussions that were a central part of the conference proceedings. During the events we also had informal opportunities to discuss issues related to various aspects of doctoral education. Although we participated in varying degrees and contexts, we each contributed to discussions on the current status and future directions of doctoral education globally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Mason, Shannon , Lévesque, Maude , Meki-Kombe, Charity , Abel, Sophie , Balaban, Corina , Chiappa, Roxana , Grund, Martin , Joubert, Biandri , Kuchumova, Gulfiya , Mantai, Lilia , Main, Joyce , Motshoane, Puleng , Qi, Jing , Steyn, Ronel , Zheng, Gaoming
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434543 , vital:73075 , ISBN 9781800080218 , https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/58197/1/9781800080188.pdf#page=264
- Description: Early-career researchers (ECRs) played a unique and explicit role in the development of the Hannover Recommendations 2019. We, the ECRs, were the recipients of competitive travel scholarships generously funded by Volkswagen Stiftung, whose support brought us together from across the globe. Attendance at the culminating conference in Germany presented an opportunity for some that would have otherwise been inaccessible without that support. Our role was to work alongside established scholars to design and develop a set of recommendations to provide a foundation for the future of doctoral education internationally. We each participated in different capacities, with some members of the group joining preliminary pre-conference online meetings and contributing to group discussions at the workshop in the days prior to the conference, which also involved the drafting of written reports. Others joined later in the process, participating in the discussions that were a central part of the conference proceedings. During the events we also had informal opportunities to discuss issues related to various aspects of doctoral education. Although we participated in varying degrees and contexts, we each contributed to discussions on the current status and future directions of doctoral education globally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Regioselectivity, chemical bonding and physical nature of the interaction between imidazole and XAHs (X= H, F, Cl, Br, CH3, and A= S, Se, Te)
- Isamura, Bienfait K, Lobb, Kevin A, Muya, Jules T
- Authors: Isamura, Bienfait K , Lobb, Kevin A , Muya, Jules T
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453183 , vital:75229 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2022.2026511"
- Description: Theambidentreactivityofsmall-sizedXAHs(X=H,F,Cl,Br,CH3,andA=S,Se,Te)moleculestowardsthe imidazole molecule (IMZ) has been investigated using wave function (MP2) and Density Func-tional Theory (B3LYP, B3LYP-D3). Molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) and frontier molecularorbitals of monomers are computed to rationalise the regioselectivity of IMZ towards XAHs. Thechemical bonding of each complex is described in the framework of the quantum theory of atomsin molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) paradigms. The symmetry-adapted pertur-bation theory (SAPT) is employed to assess the physical nature of the interactions. Our findingssuggest that XAHs mainly bind to IMZ through H-bonding and chalcogen-bonding interactionsof weak to moderate strength, with binding energies ranging from−3.1 to−17.6 kcal/mol at theMP2/aug-cc-pVDZ(-PP) level. Topological QTAIM descriptors reveal all H-bonds between IMZ andXAHs to be purely noncovalent contacts, while chalcogen bonds of halogenated XAHs (X=F, Cl, Br) show a partial covalent character. SAPT2 calculations indicate that both H-bonded and chalcogen-bonded complexes are mainly stabilised by electrostatic interactions. Insights drawn from this studyare expected to constitute the bedrock for further investigations about noncovalent interactionbetween middle to big-sized chalcogen-containing molecules and imidazole derivatives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Isamura, Bienfait K , Lobb, Kevin A , Muya, Jules T
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453183 , vital:75229 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2022.2026511"
- Description: Theambidentreactivityofsmall-sizedXAHs(X=H,F,Cl,Br,CH3,andA=S,Se,Te)moleculestowardsthe imidazole molecule (IMZ) has been investigated using wave function (MP2) and Density Func-tional Theory (B3LYP, B3LYP-D3). Molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) and frontier molecularorbitals of monomers are computed to rationalise the regioselectivity of IMZ towards XAHs. Thechemical bonding of each complex is described in the framework of the quantum theory of atomsin molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) paradigms. The symmetry-adapted pertur-bation theory (SAPT) is employed to assess the physical nature of the interactions. Our findingssuggest that XAHs mainly bind to IMZ through H-bonding and chalcogen-bonding interactionsof weak to moderate strength, with binding energies ranging from−3.1 to−17.6 kcal/mol at theMP2/aug-cc-pVDZ(-PP) level. Topological QTAIM descriptors reveal all H-bonds between IMZ andXAHs to be purely noncovalent contacts, while chalcogen bonds of halogenated XAHs (X=F, Cl, Br) show a partial covalent character. SAPT2 calculations indicate that both H-bonded and chalcogen-bonded complexes are mainly stabilised by electrostatic interactions. Insights drawn from this studyare expected to constitute the bedrock for further investigations about noncovalent interactionbetween middle to big-sized chalcogen-containing molecules and imidazole derivatives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Reproductive health systems analyses and the reparative reproductive justice approach: a case study of unsafe abortion in Lesotho
- Macleod, Catriona I, Reynolds, John H
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Reynolds, John H
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441288 , vital:73874 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1887317"
- Description: Health systems analyses are touted as mechanisms through which health policy and planning may be implemented. An example is the WHO health systems approach that connects people (needs, rights, perspectives) with services and technologies (equitable access, quality of care, mix of interventions) and with policies and institutional capacities (laws, regulations, human/physical resources, management and financing). The approach is comprehensive and multi-faceted, which is a strength. We argue, however, that health systems analyses should be supplemented with a focus on reproductive justice. Using the WHO health systems approach as an exemplar, we show how the reparative reproductive justice approach outlined by the first author and colleagues assists with outlining comprehensive remedies to the inequities identified in the systems analysis. We argue for attention to remedies at individual and collective, material and symbolic levels. We illustrate our argument using unsafe abortion, legal abortion services and post-abortion care in Lesotho as a case study. We outline the policies, services and people components of abortion in Lesotho using the WHO systems model, followed by a reparative justice analysis of remedies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Reynolds, John H
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441288 , vital:73874 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1887317"
- Description: Health systems analyses are touted as mechanisms through which health policy and planning may be implemented. An example is the WHO health systems approach that connects people (needs, rights, perspectives) with services and technologies (equitable access, quality of care, mix of interventions) and with policies and institutional capacities (laws, regulations, human/physical resources, management and financing). The approach is comprehensive and multi-faceted, which is a strength. We argue, however, that health systems analyses should be supplemented with a focus on reproductive justice. Using the WHO health systems approach as an exemplar, we show how the reparative reproductive justice approach outlined by the first author and colleagues assists with outlining comprehensive remedies to the inequities identified in the systems analysis. We argue for attention to remedies at individual and collective, material and symbolic levels. We illustrate our argument using unsafe abortion, legal abortion services and post-abortion care in Lesotho as a case study. We outline the policies, services and people components of abortion in Lesotho using the WHO systems model, followed by a reparative justice analysis of remedies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Review of Importance of Weather and Environmental Variables in Agent-Based Arbovirus Models
- Pascoe, Luba, Clemen, Thomas, Bradshaw, Karen L, Nyambo, Devotha G
- Authors: Pascoe, Luba , Clemen, Thomas , Bradshaw, Karen L , Nyambo, Devotha G
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440300 , vital:73764 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315578"
- Description: The study sought to review the works of literature on agent-based modeling and the influence of climatic and environmental factors on disease outbreak, transmission, and surveillance. Thus, drawing the influence of environmental variables such as vegetation index, households, mosquito habitats, breeding sites, and climatic variables including precipitation or rainfall, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity on dengue disease modeling using the agent-based model in an African context and globally was the aim of the study. A search strategy was developed and used to search for relevant articles from four databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Research4Life, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were developed, and 20 articles met the criteria and have been included in the review. From the reviewed works of literature, the study observed that climatic and environmental factors may influence the arbovirus disease outbreak, transmission, and surveillance. Thus, there is a call for further research on the area. To benefit from arbovirus modeling, it is crucial to consider the influence of climatic and environmental factors, especially in Africa, where there are limited studies exploring this phenomenon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Pascoe, Luba , Clemen, Thomas , Bradshaw, Karen L , Nyambo, Devotha G
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440300 , vital:73764 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315578"
- Description: The study sought to review the works of literature on agent-based modeling and the influence of climatic and environmental factors on disease outbreak, transmission, and surveillance. Thus, drawing the influence of environmental variables such as vegetation index, households, mosquito habitats, breeding sites, and climatic variables including precipitation or rainfall, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity on dengue disease modeling using the agent-based model in an African context and globally was the aim of the study. A search strategy was developed and used to search for relevant articles from four databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Research4Life, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were developed, and 20 articles met the criteria and have been included in the review. From the reviewed works of literature, the study observed that climatic and environmental factors may influence the arbovirus disease outbreak, transmission, and surveillance. Thus, there is a call for further research on the area. To benefit from arbovirus modeling, it is crucial to consider the influence of climatic and environmental factors, especially in Africa, where there are limited studies exploring this phenomenon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Rhodes University Calender 2022
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: University Calendar , Rhodes University Regulations , Rhodes University History , Universities and colleges South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Serial publications , University Calendar , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455156 , vital:75408
- Description: Rhodes University Calendar for the academic year 2022.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: University Calendar , Rhodes University Regulations , Rhodes University History , Universities and colleges South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Serial publications , University Calendar , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455156 , vital:75408
- Description: Rhodes University Calendar for the academic year 2022.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Round silver metal jewelry box with lid
- Date: 2022 , 2022-10-05
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia , Jewelry boxes -- Albania
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56894 , vital:57199
- Description: Round silver metal jewelry box with lid and red velvet inlay. Decorated with grape and leave pattern with studs from Albania. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
- Date: 2022 , 2022-10-05
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia , Jewelry boxes -- Albania
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56894 , vital:57199
- Description: Round silver metal jewelry box with lid and red velvet inlay. Decorated with grape and leave pattern with studs from Albania. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
Season and environment modulate aquatic invertebrates’ responses to trout and indigenous fishes in three South African mountain streams
- Bellingan, Terence A, Hugo, Sanet, Villet, Martin H, Weyl, Olaf L F
- Authors: Bellingan, Terence A , Hugo, Sanet , Villet, Martin H , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441487 , vital:73893 , https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1004939
- Description: Introduced organisms are seen as one of the greatest threats to resource sustainability worldwide, and aquatic macroinvertebrates are regarded as good indicators of the health of water resources. To explore these two perspectives, the responses of macroinvertebrate faunas to native and introduced fishes in three headwater tributaries of the Keiskamma River system, South Africa, were examined by comparing potential indicator communities in reaches considered to be fishless, reaches invaded by introduced salmonid species, and reaches containing native fishes. Patterns in the macroinvertebrate faunal assemblage data were driven strongly by season and flow rate, and less strongly by the presence of insectivorous fishes and biotope availability, a finding in parallel with several similar studies from the region. This affirms that aquatic macroinvertebrate faunas are responsive indicators of both environmental and biotic factors and leaves room for further studies to resolve the effects of non-native fish in the Keiskamma River system and other similar systems from South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Bellingan, Terence A , Hugo, Sanet , Villet, Martin H , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441487 , vital:73893 , https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1004939
- Description: Introduced organisms are seen as one of the greatest threats to resource sustainability worldwide, and aquatic macroinvertebrates are regarded as good indicators of the health of water resources. To explore these two perspectives, the responses of macroinvertebrate faunas to native and introduced fishes in three headwater tributaries of the Keiskamma River system, South Africa, were examined by comparing potential indicator communities in reaches considered to be fishless, reaches invaded by introduced salmonid species, and reaches containing native fishes. Patterns in the macroinvertebrate faunal assemblage data were driven strongly by season and flow rate, and less strongly by the presence of insectivorous fishes and biotope availability, a finding in parallel with several similar studies from the region. This affirms that aquatic macroinvertebrate faunas are responsive indicators of both environmental and biotic factors and leaves room for further studies to resolve the effects of non-native fish in the Keiskamma River system and other similar systems from South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Set of brown ceramic bowls
- Date: 2022 , 2022-09-22
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia , Ceramic bowls
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56535 , vital:56840
- Description: Set of two brown ceramic bowls, with cream lines. These were a gift to Dr. Brigalia Bam from ABSA Bank. Dr. Brigalia Bam was the first black woman to be a board member at ABSA Bank. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
- Date: 2022 , 2022-09-22
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia , Ceramic bowls
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56535 , vital:56840
- Description: Set of two brown ceramic bowls, with cream lines. These were a gift to Dr. Brigalia Bam from ABSA Bank. Dr. Brigalia Bam was the first black woman to be a board member at ABSA Bank. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
Shrub Detection in High-Resolution Imagery: A Comparative Study of Two Deep Learning Approaches
- James, Katherine, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: James, Katherine , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440326 , vital:73766 , ISBN 9783030955021 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95502-1_41
- Description: A common task in high-resolution remotely-sensed aerial imagery is the detection of particular target plant species for various ecological and agricultural applications. Although traditionally object-based image analysis approaches have been the most popular method for this task, deep learning approaches such as image patch-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been seen to outperform these older approaches. To a lesser extent, fully convolutional networks (FCNs) that allow for semantic segmentation of images, have also begun to be used in the broader literature. This study investigates patch-based CNNs and FCN-based segmentation for shrub detection, targeting a particular invasive shrub genus. The results show that while a patch-based CNN demonstrates strong performance on ideal image patches, the FCN outperforms this approach on real-world proposed image patches with a 52% higher object-level precision and comparable recall. This indicates that FCN-based segmentation approaches are a promising alternative to patch-based approaches, with the added advantage of not requiring any hand-tuning of a patch proposal algorithm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: James, Katherine , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440326 , vital:73766 , ISBN 9783030955021 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95502-1_41
- Description: A common task in high-resolution remotely-sensed aerial imagery is the detection of particular target plant species for various ecological and agricultural applications. Although traditionally object-based image analysis approaches have been the most popular method for this task, deep learning approaches such as image patch-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been seen to outperform these older approaches. To a lesser extent, fully convolutional networks (FCNs) that allow for semantic segmentation of images, have also begun to be used in the broader literature. This study investigates patch-based CNNs and FCN-based segmentation for shrub detection, targeting a particular invasive shrub genus. The results show that while a patch-based CNN demonstrates strong performance on ideal image patches, the FCN outperforms this approach on real-world proposed image patches with a 52% higher object-level precision and comparable recall. This indicates that FCN-based segmentation approaches are a promising alternative to patch-based approaches, with the added advantage of not requiring any hand-tuning of a patch proposal algorithm.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Silver plate photograph of Dr. Brigalia Bam and Bishop Phillips
- Date: 2022 , 2022-10-03
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia
- Language: English
- Type: photograph , realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56712 , vital:57143
- Description: Silver photo plate of Dr. Brigalia Bam and Bishop Phillips. The plate was awarded to Dr. Brigalia Bam from Bishop Phillips at the 6th Annual B.R.P. Peace Lecture. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
- Date: 2022 , 2022-10-03
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia
- Language: English
- Type: photograph , realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56712 , vital:57143
- Description: Silver photo plate of Dr. Brigalia Bam and Bishop Phillips. The plate was awarded to Dr. Brigalia Bam from Bishop Phillips at the 6th Annual B.R.P. Peace Lecture. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
Situating the diversity of Southern African environmental education scholarship within a global conversation at a critical juncture on Earth
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/389869 , vital:68491 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/247386"
- Description: ¬The collection of papers in Volume 38 in many ways mirrors the diversity of research methodologies and teaching approaches in the contemporary eld of Environmental and Sustainability Education. ¬ e seven papers remind us that, whilst environmental educators and researchers are largely in agreement over the nature and causes of the social-ecological problems that we face in sub-Saharan Africa, there is less certainty around what types of educational approaches and pedagogies are adequate to help resolve them. ¬ e papers in this volume either o er pedagogical innovations that may strengthen teaching and learning for sustainable futures, or they provide insights into the social, cultural and economic contexts in which such teaching and learning occurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/389869 , vital:68491 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/247386"
- Description: ¬The collection of papers in Volume 38 in many ways mirrors the diversity of research methodologies and teaching approaches in the contemporary eld of Environmental and Sustainability Education. ¬ e seven papers remind us that, whilst environmental educators and researchers are largely in agreement over the nature and causes of the social-ecological problems that we face in sub-Saharan Africa, there is less certainty around what types of educational approaches and pedagogies are adequate to help resolve them. ¬ e papers in this volume either o er pedagogical innovations that may strengthen teaching and learning for sustainable futures, or they provide insights into the social, cultural and economic contexts in which such teaching and learning occurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Small African clay pot, rust color with silver alloy patterns
- Date: 2022 , 2022-10-10
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia , Pottery, African
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57035 , vital:57283
- Description: Small African clay pot, rust color with silver alloy patterns. , Women have acquired amazing skills in making mats, pots, baskets, e.c.t. to preserve African Art. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
- Date: 2022 , 2022-10-10
- Subjects: Bam, Brigalia , Pottery, African
- Language: English
- Type: realia
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57035 , vital:57283
- Description: Small African clay pot, rust color with silver alloy patterns. , Women have acquired amazing skills in making mats, pots, baskets, e.c.t. to preserve African Art. , Donated/gifted to Nelson Mandela University Archives , Forms part of: Brigalia Bam collection
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022
Small but strong: Socioeconomic and ecological resilience of a small European fishing community affected by a submarine volcanic eruption
- De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel, Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Gutiérrez-Barroso, Josué, González-Cruz, Carla, Barreiro, Rodolfo, Batista-Medina, José A, Pascual-Fernández, José, González, José A, Santana-Talavera, Agustín, Aswani, Shankar
- Authors: De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Gutiérrez-Barroso, Josué , González-Cruz, Carla , Barreiro, Rodolfo , Batista-Medina, José A , Pascual-Fernández, José , González, José A , Santana-Talavera, Agustín , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391397 , vital:68648 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106124"
- Description: Small-scale coastal fishing communities are facing many new challenges, such as rapid ecological changes created by anthropogenic and natural events like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. This paper explores how a coastal population has responded to such an event and highlights the diverse coping strategies used to tackle it. This research was conducted on the island of El Hierro (Spain), where a submarine volcanic eruption occurred in 2011, affecting a multiple-use Marine Protected Area (MPA) and the nearby fishing community of La Restinga. Our study illustrates how the local population coped with this situation by combining multiple monetary and non-monetary activities (e.g., informal exchanges) as well as the role of institutions in increasing local resilience by supporting fishers' demands and allowing their participation in the decision-making process in the immediate wake of a catastrophic event. Local families also exploited various natural resources in and near the MPA, thus ensuring access to crucial marine resources and continued recreational/cultural services. The results suggest that collective action played a key role in the recovery process after the eruption, creating some advantages for different local groups despite the hazardous nature of the event.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: De la Cruz-Modino, Raquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina , Gutiérrez-Barroso, Josué , González-Cruz, Carla , Barreiro, Rodolfo , Batista-Medina, José A , Pascual-Fernández, José , González, José A , Santana-Talavera, Agustín , Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391397 , vital:68648 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106124"
- Description: Small-scale coastal fishing communities are facing many new challenges, such as rapid ecological changes created by anthropogenic and natural events like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. This paper explores how a coastal population has responded to such an event and highlights the diverse coping strategies used to tackle it. This research was conducted on the island of El Hierro (Spain), where a submarine volcanic eruption occurred in 2011, affecting a multiple-use Marine Protected Area (MPA) and the nearby fishing community of La Restinga. Our study illustrates how the local population coped with this situation by combining multiple monetary and non-monetary activities (e.g., informal exchanges) as well as the role of institutions in increasing local resilience by supporting fishers' demands and allowing their participation in the decision-making process in the immediate wake of a catastrophic event. Local families also exploited various natural resources in and near the MPA, thus ensuring access to crucial marine resources and continued recreational/cultural services. The results suggest that collective action played a key role in the recovery process after the eruption, creating some advantages for different local groups despite the hazardous nature of the event.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022