Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: prevalence and effect of past pharmacotherapy in young adults
- Authors: Coetze, Corne
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , Substance abuse
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58783 , vital:60121
- Description: Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently occurs in patients with SUD. Several studies demonstrated that ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and suggest that childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might help prevent the development of SUD. Furthermore, substance use patterns seem to differ between individuals with and without ADHD. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of ADHD in SUD in a South African treatment-seeking population, substance use patterns, and to determine the effect of past pharmacotherapy on later life’s functional impairment in adult ADHD treatment-seeking patients with a SUD. Method: Adult treatment-seeking SUD patients (n=360) were recruited from rehabilitation facilities and screened using the ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist (ASRS-v1.1). ADHD diagnosis was confirmed (n=52) by the Diagnostic-Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Adults with ADHD without SUD (n=48) were recruited from clinicians, retail pharmacies and the general public. Life-time substance use was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Tobacco use was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). ADHD-related functional impairment was assessed by the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Information on present and life-time use of ADHD medication was obtained. Clinical outcomes between those with and without a history of pharmacotherapy were compared. Results: ADHD is highly prevalent in South African adult treatment-seeking SUD patients. High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found. Individuals with SUD+ADHD were significantly associated with higher tobacco use. Data indicated increased levels of cannabis consumption among SUD+ADHD individuals, especially among SUD+ADHD females. Furthermore, we found that patients with ADHD were significantly associated with polysubstance use. Our results showed a history of childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy to be associated with less functional ADHD-related impairment across all functional domains and a decreased risk for substance use in later life. Abstract Conclusion: High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found among treatment-seeking SUD patients. ADHD patients appeared to self-medicate to cope with their symptoms. Childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might be associated with a decreased risk for substance use in adulthood and lower ADHD-related impairment. Despite study limitations, these findings underline the importance of early ADHD detection and treatment, which might prevent substance use. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Coetze, Corne
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , Substance abuse
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58783 , vital:60121
- Description: Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently occurs in patients with SUD. Several studies demonstrated that ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and suggest that childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might help prevent the development of SUD. Furthermore, substance use patterns seem to differ between individuals with and without ADHD. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of ADHD in SUD in a South African treatment-seeking population, substance use patterns, and to determine the effect of past pharmacotherapy on later life’s functional impairment in adult ADHD treatment-seeking patients with a SUD. Method: Adult treatment-seeking SUD patients (n=360) were recruited from rehabilitation facilities and screened using the ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist (ASRS-v1.1). ADHD diagnosis was confirmed (n=52) by the Diagnostic-Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Adults with ADHD without SUD (n=48) were recruited from clinicians, retail pharmacies and the general public. Life-time substance use was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Tobacco use was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). ADHD-related functional impairment was assessed by the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Information on present and life-time use of ADHD medication was obtained. Clinical outcomes between those with and without a history of pharmacotherapy were compared. Results: ADHD is highly prevalent in South African adult treatment-seeking SUD patients. High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found. Individuals with SUD+ADHD were significantly associated with higher tobacco use. Data indicated increased levels of cannabis consumption among SUD+ADHD individuals, especially among SUD+ADHD females. Furthermore, we found that patients with ADHD were significantly associated with polysubstance use. Our results showed a history of childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy to be associated with less functional ADHD-related impairment across all functional domains and a decreased risk for substance use in later life. Abstract Conclusion: High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found among treatment-seeking SUD patients. ADHD patients appeared to self-medicate to cope with their symptoms. Childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might be associated with a decreased risk for substance use in adulthood and lower ADHD-related impairment. Despite study limitations, these findings underline the importance of early ADHD detection and treatment, which might prevent substance use. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
The Effects of Alcohol and Sunstance Abuse on Productivity in the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry
- Authors: Fick, Gerard Hendrik
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Substance abuse , Citrus fruit industry , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57654 , vital:58191
- Description: COVID-19 has created a new world to conduct business and few industries were fortunate enough to continue to operate as essential services throughout the pandemic. The South African Citrus Industry was one of these industries. During this pandemic, certain amenities were regarded as dangerous and potentially a contributor to the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Alcohol was deemed one of these contributors. During the lockdown regulations implemented in March of 2020, the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry noticed certain interesting developments concerning labour and productivity. Initial review of the effects of alcohol and substance abuse on the productivity of citrus workers, revealed limited research into the broader South African Citrus Industry, with more focus on the Western Cape and related wine farms. The aim of this research study is to identify the impact of alcohol and substance abuse on productivity within the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry. Specifically focusing on absenteeism, workers injuries on duty and workplace incidents pertaining to disciplinary processes. The research further aims to add a monetary value to the implication of these events on the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry and the possible management strategies involved to remediate the potential affects thereof. This study uses the phenomenological and case study research approaches focusing on the workplace of the researcher within the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry. Using qualitative content analysis during the interview process, the themes and findings were evaluated alongside the research questions and was found to be in agreement with the views flowing from the research data. The analysis further revealed that Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry is in need of adequate management strategies due to the seasonal nature of the industry to improve labourer job satisfaction and in turn productivity and efficiency. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Fick, Gerard Hendrik
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Substance abuse , Citrus fruit industry , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57654 , vital:58191
- Description: COVID-19 has created a new world to conduct business and few industries were fortunate enough to continue to operate as essential services throughout the pandemic. The South African Citrus Industry was one of these industries. During this pandemic, certain amenities were regarded as dangerous and potentially a contributor to the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Alcohol was deemed one of these contributors. During the lockdown regulations implemented in March of 2020, the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry noticed certain interesting developments concerning labour and productivity. Initial review of the effects of alcohol and substance abuse on the productivity of citrus workers, revealed limited research into the broader South African Citrus Industry, with more focus on the Western Cape and related wine farms. The aim of this research study is to identify the impact of alcohol and substance abuse on productivity within the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry. Specifically focusing on absenteeism, workers injuries on duty and workplace incidents pertaining to disciplinary processes. The research further aims to add a monetary value to the implication of these events on the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry and the possible management strategies involved to remediate the potential affects thereof. This study uses the phenomenological and case study research approaches focusing on the workplace of the researcher within the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry. Using qualitative content analysis during the interview process, the themes and findings were evaluated alongside the research questions and was found to be in agreement with the views flowing from the research data. The analysis further revealed that Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry is in need of adequate management strategies due to the seasonal nature of the industry to improve labourer job satisfaction and in turn productivity and efficiency. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
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