Exploring and expanding teachers’ gender and culturally responsive practices when mediating learning of chemistry in rural schools in Namibia
- Authors: Haimene, Johanna Shetulimba
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Chemistry Study and teaching (Secondary) Namibia , Discrimination in education Namibia , Gender and education , Culturally relevant pedagogy Namibia , Cultural-historical activity theory , Expansive learning , Group work in education
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436535 , vital:73280 , DOI 10.21504/10962/436536
- Description: Gender and cultural dimensions are critical aspects of the education system. Schools are full of gender and cultural stereotypes when it comes to the teaching and learning of science. This calls for the teachers to be gender and culturally responsive in their science classrooms. This is also to ensure that the educational needs of both boys and girls are addressed. The Namibian National Curriculum for Basic Education advocates the application of gender equity at all levels and in every aspect of the curriculum and teachers are central to the implementation of this curriculum. However, while the policy has been formulated at the macro level of the education system, little if any research has been done in Namibia on exploring how teachers are coping with and implementing the curriculum based on gender and cultural aspects. This includes how teachers are responding to gender issues and how they eradicate bias and discrimination to ensure equality and equity for both boys and girls in their science teaching. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to explore and expand Grade 9 Physical Science teachers’ gender and culturally responsive practices in science classrooms when mediating learning of chemistry topics using acids and bases and combustion reactions as examples. The study focused on working with teachers with the purpose of improving their practices through collaborative partnerships and enriching all the participants (teachers and researcher) as they were seen as co-learners and co-researchers. Hence, this study was underpinned by interpretivist and critical paradigms. It adopted a case study research design. Six Grade 9 Physical Science teachers from the Oshikoto Region were the participants in this study. Qualitative data were generated using questionnaires, interviews (semi-structured and stimulated recall), classroom observations and Change Laboratory Workshops (CLWs) in which we co-developed a tool to address gender and cultural responsiveness. Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory and Engeström’s cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) were used as theoretical frameworks to surface contradictions or tensions that exist in the teaching and learning process. A thematic approach to data analysis was employed to come up with sub-themes and themes. The findings of the study revealed that the teachers seemed to have an understanding of being gender and culturally responsive when they are mediating their lessons. However, some contradictions constrained them from being gender and culturally responsive. The surfaced contradictions included the lack of examples that are not gender and culturally biased, poor participation of the learners during lesson presentation and low confidence among the learners and language barriers. In addition, the findings revealed that teachers need professional development in interpreting policies and the curriculum and techniques for analysing gender and cultural issues pertaining to the teaching and learning process. Through CLWs, we co-developed a mediational tool that could guide teachers on how to be gender and culturally responsive. The findings also revealed that participation of teachers in the CLWs equipped them with resources on how to be gender and culturally responsive in their classrooms. The study recommends that teachers need to be involved in continuing professional development to support them with the correct interpretation and enactment of the curriculum and other policies. The policy developers need to be in contact with the policy implementers to evaluate the implementation of these policies and provide guidance where necessary. Moreover, teachers need to form professional learning communities in order to share their best practices and transform them. This might assist them in addressing gender and cultural issues that are encountered in the teaching and learning process. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
- Authors: Haimene, Johanna Shetulimba
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Chemistry Study and teaching (Secondary) Namibia , Discrimination in education Namibia , Gender and education , Culturally relevant pedagogy Namibia , Cultural-historical activity theory , Expansive learning , Group work in education
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436535 , vital:73280 , DOI 10.21504/10962/436536
- Description: Gender and cultural dimensions are critical aspects of the education system. Schools are full of gender and cultural stereotypes when it comes to the teaching and learning of science. This calls for the teachers to be gender and culturally responsive in their science classrooms. This is also to ensure that the educational needs of both boys and girls are addressed. The Namibian National Curriculum for Basic Education advocates the application of gender equity at all levels and in every aspect of the curriculum and teachers are central to the implementation of this curriculum. However, while the policy has been formulated at the macro level of the education system, little if any research has been done in Namibia on exploring how teachers are coping with and implementing the curriculum based on gender and cultural aspects. This includes how teachers are responding to gender issues and how they eradicate bias and discrimination to ensure equality and equity for both boys and girls in their science teaching. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to explore and expand Grade 9 Physical Science teachers’ gender and culturally responsive practices in science classrooms when mediating learning of chemistry topics using acids and bases and combustion reactions as examples. The study focused on working with teachers with the purpose of improving their practices through collaborative partnerships and enriching all the participants (teachers and researcher) as they were seen as co-learners and co-researchers. Hence, this study was underpinned by interpretivist and critical paradigms. It adopted a case study research design. Six Grade 9 Physical Science teachers from the Oshikoto Region were the participants in this study. Qualitative data were generated using questionnaires, interviews (semi-structured and stimulated recall), classroom observations and Change Laboratory Workshops (CLWs) in which we co-developed a tool to address gender and cultural responsiveness. Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory and Engeström’s cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) were used as theoretical frameworks to surface contradictions or tensions that exist in the teaching and learning process. A thematic approach to data analysis was employed to come up with sub-themes and themes. The findings of the study revealed that the teachers seemed to have an understanding of being gender and culturally responsive when they are mediating their lessons. However, some contradictions constrained them from being gender and culturally responsive. The surfaced contradictions included the lack of examples that are not gender and culturally biased, poor participation of the learners during lesson presentation and low confidence among the learners and language barriers. In addition, the findings revealed that teachers need professional development in interpreting policies and the curriculum and techniques for analysing gender and cultural issues pertaining to the teaching and learning process. Through CLWs, we co-developed a mediational tool that could guide teachers on how to be gender and culturally responsive. The findings also revealed that participation of teachers in the CLWs equipped them with resources on how to be gender and culturally responsive in their classrooms. The study recommends that teachers need to be involved in continuing professional development to support them with the correct interpretation and enactment of the curriculum and other policies. The policy developers need to be in contact with the policy implementers to evaluate the implementation of these policies and provide guidance where necessary. Moreover, teachers need to form professional learning communities in order to share their best practices and transform them. This might assist them in addressing gender and cultural issues that are encountered in the teaching and learning process. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post School Education, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
Exploring how the integration of indigenous knowledge in the topic of acids and bases influences Grade 10 Physical Science learners’ conceptions, dispositions and sense-making
- Authors: Haimene, Johanna Shetulimba
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Physical sciences -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Ethnoscience -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Science -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Curriculum planning -- Study and teaching -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/94996 , vital:31105
- Description: The inclusion of indigenous knowledge (IK) in science education is gaining momentum. That is, it is acknowledged that the starting point in learning is what learners already know from their homes or community. This will be consolidated by what these learners will learn in classroom. It is for this reason that the Namibia National Curriculum for Basic Education (NCBE) advocates Learner Centred Education (LCE). The Physical science syllabus also encourages the use of practical activities to enhance the conceptual understanding of the learners. However, the views and beliefs that learners have towards science influence their learning of science. Looking at the same context, various studies carried out have pointed out that the attitude of learners towards the subject influences their performance in that specific subject. It is against this background that this study sought to explore how the integration of indigenous knowledge in lessons on acids and bases influences (or not) learners’ conceptions, dispositions, interest and sense-making. This study used a mixed-method approach whereby both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered. It is underpinned by the interpretive paradigm. Within the interpretive paradigm a case study approach was employed. The study was carried out with the Grade 10B Physical Science learners at Namaela Secondary School (Pseudonym) in the Oshikoto Region. To generate data, a variety of data generation techniques were employed, namely pre-and post-intervention questionnaires, pre-and post-test, observations, learners’ journal reflections and semi-structured interviews. Conceptions, dispositions and sense-making, and Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory were used as a lens to analyse the data. A deductive-inductive approach was adopted for data analysis. The findings from the study revealed that learners were able to make sense of science concepts when IK is integrated in the lessons. Additionally, the learners’ conceptions and dispositions shifted positively due to the use of the everyday materials. It emerged that learners were able to learn science well when they link their everyday experiences to school science. This study thus recommends that teachers should be encouraged to integrate IK in their lessons. In order for teachers to effectively integrate IK, the curriculum developers should be explicit on how teachers should integrate IK in their lessons. Moreover, teacher-training institutions should include ways of integrating IK when they are training teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Haimene, Johanna Shetulimba
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Physical sciences -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Ethnoscience -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Science -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Curriculum planning -- Study and teaching -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/94996 , vital:31105
- Description: The inclusion of indigenous knowledge (IK) in science education is gaining momentum. That is, it is acknowledged that the starting point in learning is what learners already know from their homes or community. This will be consolidated by what these learners will learn in classroom. It is for this reason that the Namibia National Curriculum for Basic Education (NCBE) advocates Learner Centred Education (LCE). The Physical science syllabus also encourages the use of practical activities to enhance the conceptual understanding of the learners. However, the views and beliefs that learners have towards science influence their learning of science. Looking at the same context, various studies carried out have pointed out that the attitude of learners towards the subject influences their performance in that specific subject. It is against this background that this study sought to explore how the integration of indigenous knowledge in lessons on acids and bases influences (or not) learners’ conceptions, dispositions, interest and sense-making. This study used a mixed-method approach whereby both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered. It is underpinned by the interpretive paradigm. Within the interpretive paradigm a case study approach was employed. The study was carried out with the Grade 10B Physical Science learners at Namaela Secondary School (Pseudonym) in the Oshikoto Region. To generate data, a variety of data generation techniques were employed, namely pre-and post-intervention questionnaires, pre-and post-test, observations, learners’ journal reflections and semi-structured interviews. Conceptions, dispositions and sense-making, and Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory were used as a lens to analyse the data. A deductive-inductive approach was adopted for data analysis. The findings from the study revealed that learners were able to make sense of science concepts when IK is integrated in the lessons. Additionally, the learners’ conceptions and dispositions shifted positively due to the use of the everyday materials. It emerged that learners were able to learn science well when they link their everyday experiences to school science. This study thus recommends that teachers should be encouraged to integrate IK in their lessons. In order for teachers to effectively integrate IK, the curriculum developers should be explicit on how teachers should integrate IK in their lessons. Moreover, teacher-training institutions should include ways of integrating IK when they are training teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
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