40 000 years of climatic change in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6711 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006748
- Description: This article outlines the major climatic conditions that have occurred in the Eastern Cape over the last 40 000 years. They have been dated using radiocarbon analyses. Changes that are older than 40 000 years are beyond the range of radiocarbon dating and are not discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6711 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006748
- Description: This article outlines the major climatic conditions that have occurred in the Eastern Cape over the last 40 000 years. They have been dated using radiocarbon analyses. Changes that are older than 40 000 years are beyond the range of radiocarbon dating and are not discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Late Quaternary climatic changes, and associated human responses, during the last ~ 45 000 years in the Eastern and adjoining Western Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6700 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006736
- Description: Palaeoenvironmental evidence indicative of former climatic conditions in the Eastern and adjoining Western Cape during the last ~ 45 000 yr is presented and summarised. Interstadial conditions began before 43 000 BP but were succeeded by stadial conditions at ~ 24 000 BP. These climatic phases are designated the Birnam Interstadial and the Bottelnek Stadial after the type sites at which they were identified in the Eastern Cape. The Bottelnek Stadial apparently equates with the Last Glacial Maximum. Late Glacial warming was apparent by 18/17 000 BP. Sea level rose markedly by ~ 14 000 BP. Climatic oscillations marked the end of the Late Glacial. The Early Holocene was drier than the Late Holocene and, at least in the Drakensberg, there was marked aridity in the mid-Holocene. Human responses to these climatic events are briefly described.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6700 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006736
- Description: Palaeoenvironmental evidence indicative of former climatic conditions in the Eastern and adjoining Western Cape during the last ~ 45 000 yr is presented and summarised. Interstadial conditions began before 43 000 BP but were succeeded by stadial conditions at ~ 24 000 BP. These climatic phases are designated the Birnam Interstadial and the Bottelnek Stadial after the type sites at which they were identified in the Eastern Cape. The Bottelnek Stadial apparently equates with the Last Glacial Maximum. Late Glacial warming was apparent by 18/17 000 BP. Sea level rose markedly by ~ 14 000 BP. Climatic oscillations marked the end of the Late Glacial. The Early Holocene was drier than the Late Holocene and, at least in the Drakensberg, there was marked aridity in the mid-Holocene. Human responses to these climatic events are briefly described.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Marine reservoir corrections : St. Helena, South Atlantic Ocean
- Lewis, Colin A, Reimer, P J, Reimer, R W
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Reimer, P J , Reimer, R W
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006737
- Description: We present the first marine reservoir age and ∆R determination for the island of St. Helena using marine mollusk radiocarbon dates obtained from an historical context of known age. This represents the first marine reservoir age and ∆R determination in the southern Atlantic Ocean within thousands of kilometers of the island. The depletion of 14C in the shells indicates a rather larger reservoir age for that portion of the surface Atlantic than models indicate. The implication is that upwelling old water along the Namibian coast is transported for a considerable distance, although it is likely to be variable on a decadal timescale. An artilleryman’s button, together with other artifacts found in a midden, demonstrate association of the mollusk shells with a narrow historic period of AD 1815–1835.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Reimer, P J , Reimer, R W
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006737
- Description: We present the first marine reservoir age and ∆R determination for the island of St. Helena using marine mollusk radiocarbon dates obtained from an historical context of known age. This represents the first marine reservoir age and ∆R determination in the southern Atlantic Ocean within thousands of kilometers of the island. The depletion of 14C in the shells indicates a rather larger reservoir age for that portion of the surface Atlantic than models indicate. The implication is that upwelling old water along the Namibian coast is transported for a considerable distance, although it is likely to be variable on a decadal timescale. An artilleryman’s button, together with other artifacts found in a midden, demonstrate association of the mollusk shells with a narrow historic period of AD 1815–1835.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Oxbridge clerics and early ringing in South Africa
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012384
- Description: During the early Twentieth Century, many gifted British clergy came to South Africa. They must have felt optimistic that many rings of bells would soon be installed in their adopted country. South Africa had survived the Boer Wars, the economy was reasonably healthy, new churches were being built and many others were being planned. The Union of South Africa was only a few years old and the political stability of this great part of the British Empire seemed assured. Sadly, their optimism was misplaced and in 2008 only eight rings exist in South Africa. Had it not been for the efforts of the Oxbridge trio: J.R. Vincent, G.H. Ridout and C.E.E. Bulwer, and other British immigrants, however, these rings would not exist. , Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012384
- Description: During the early Twentieth Century, many gifted British clergy came to South Africa. They must have felt optimistic that many rings of bells would soon be installed in their adopted country. South Africa had survived the Boer Wars, the economy was reasonably healthy, new churches were being built and many others were being planned. The Union of South Africa was only a few years old and the political stability of this great part of the British Empire seemed assured. Sadly, their optimism was misplaced and in 2008 only eight rings exist in South Africa. Had it not been for the efforts of the Oxbridge trio: J.R. Vincent, G.H. Ridout and C.E.E. Bulwer, and other British immigrants, however, these rings would not exist. , Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
The Guild comes of age! Peals and quarters at South African Guild meetings, 1988-2008. Part 1
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6187 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012386
- Description: The founding meeting of the South African Guild was held in Grahamstown during the first weekend of July 1988. Dedication of the bells and new frame at Grahamstown cathedral marked the completion of the first Guild project to ensure that all rings of bells in South Africa were in good condition. This first part of the article takes us up to the completion of the Grahamstown restoration. , Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6187 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012386
- Description: The founding meeting of the South African Guild was held in Grahamstown during the first weekend of July 1988. Dedication of the bells and new frame at Grahamstown cathedral marked the completion of the first Guild project to ensure that all rings of bells in South Africa were in good condition. This first part of the article takes us up to the completion of the Grahamstown restoration. , Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
The Late Glacial and Holocene avifauna of the island of St Helena, South Atlantic Ocean
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6702 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006738
- Description: Bird bones from unconsolidated sediments provide a record of the changing avifauna of St Helena from the Late Glacial, at ~ 14000BP, until the present. Changes in avifauna apparently reflect climatic and associated ecological conditions, as well as the effects of human occupation since the island was discovered in 1502. Introduced mammals decimated birds in the seventeenth century and seven endemic species are now extinct, while seven other species are locally extinct. At least nine species that now breed on St Helena have been introduced anthropogenically to the island since it was discovered. The failure to find evidence of native songbirds in the former woodlands of the interior of the island deserves explanation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6702 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006738
- Description: Bird bones from unconsolidated sediments provide a record of the changing avifauna of St Helena from the Late Glacial, at ~ 14000BP, until the present. Changes in avifauna apparently reflect climatic and associated ecological conditions, as well as the effects of human occupation since the island was discovered in 1502. Introduced mammals decimated birds in the seventeenth century and seven endemic species are now extinct, while seven other species are locally extinct. At least nine species that now breed on St Helena have been introduced anthropogenically to the island since it was discovered. The failure to find evidence of native songbirds in the former woodlands of the interior of the island deserves explanation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Walter Oakley West (1930-2007) : obituary
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006739
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006739
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
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