South African government responses to Trump's Global Gag Rule: Silence, ignorance, and avoidance
- Ndabula, Yanela, Macleod, Catriona I, du Plessis, Ulandi, Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Authors: Ndabula, Yanela , Macleod, Catriona I , du Plessis, Ulandi , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441299 , vital:73875 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/02610183241229046"
- Description: In 2017, Donald Trump signed the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance (PLGHA), thereby reinstating the Global Gag Rule. The policy restricted all United States foreign funding from abortion-related activities. Little research reports the responses of recipients of this bilateral assistance. The study documents the South African government's responses to the PLGHA. We accessed Hansard parliamentary debates, interviewed four parliamentarians alongside one government official, and reviewed a USAID-funded initiative developed while the policy was in effect. We analysed the data using interpretive content analysis through a global social policy and gendered coloniality lens. Our research documents silence, ignorance, avoidance, and possible over-interpretation of the PLGHA within the South African government. The colonialist politics of global redistribution created the grounds for gendered regulation, resulting in a fundamental undermining of reproductive rights. Ironically, the solution – advocacy and parliamentarian briefing regarding sexual and reproductive issues – is generally led by civil society, the bodies weakened by the PLGHA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024
- Authors: Ndabula, Yanela , Macleod, Catriona I , du Plessis, Ulandi , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441299 , vital:73875 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/02610183241229046"
- Description: In 2017, Donald Trump signed the Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance (PLGHA), thereby reinstating the Global Gag Rule. The policy restricted all United States foreign funding from abortion-related activities. Little research reports the responses of recipients of this bilateral assistance. The study documents the South African government's responses to the PLGHA. We accessed Hansard parliamentary debates, interviewed four parliamentarians alongside one government official, and reviewed a USAID-funded initiative developed while the policy was in effect. We analysed the data using interpretive content analysis through a global social policy and gendered coloniality lens. Our research documents silence, ignorance, avoidance, and possible over-interpretation of the PLGHA within the South African government. The colonialist politics of global redistribution created the grounds for gendered regulation, resulting in a fundamental undermining of reproductive rights. Ironically, the solution – advocacy and parliamentarian briefing regarding sexual and reproductive issues – is generally led by civil society, the bodies weakened by the PLGHA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024
Refining youth sexualities empowerment programmes: The development of the Masizixhobise Toolkit based on a critical sexual and reproductive citizenship framework
- Macleod, Catriona I, Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434158 , vital:73035 , ISBN 9781003139782 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139782-15/refining-youth-sexualities-empowerment-programmes-catriona-ida-macleod-sarah-moore
- Description: Youth sexualities programmes frequently focus on empowering young people in relation to sexual decision-making and interactions. Within these programmes, however, empowerment is mostly equated with the individualised concepts of self-efficacy and agency to the exclusion of interpersonal and social (i.e. collective) components. Resultantly, the social justice aspects of empowerment may be overlooked. Noting this, some researchers have argued for the adoption of a broader, integrative conceptualisation of empowerment. Macleod’s and Vincent’s critical sexual and reproductive citizenship (CSRC) framework provides such a conceptualisation. This framework draws from feminist re-workings of the principles of citizenship and applies these to understandings of CSRC. Based on this framework, key issues for consideration in programmes are: sexual and reproductive citizenship as status and practice; situated agency; differentiated universalism; the interweaving of the private and public; and the politics of recognition, redistribution and reparation. This chapter discusses the development of a programme refinement toolkit based on a CSRC framework, named the Masizixhobise Toolkit; how the elements outlined above were operationalised into questions; an illustrative example; and the partnership formed with a youth empowerment non-governmental organisation in developing the toolkit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434158 , vital:73035 , ISBN 9781003139782 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139782-15/refining-youth-sexualities-empowerment-programmes-catriona-ida-macleod-sarah-moore
- Description: Youth sexualities programmes frequently focus on empowering young people in relation to sexual decision-making and interactions. Within these programmes, however, empowerment is mostly equated with the individualised concepts of self-efficacy and agency to the exclusion of interpersonal and social (i.e. collective) components. Resultantly, the social justice aspects of empowerment may be overlooked. Noting this, some researchers have argued for the adoption of a broader, integrative conceptualisation of empowerment. Macleod’s and Vincent’s critical sexual and reproductive citizenship (CSRC) framework provides such a conceptualisation. This framework draws from feminist re-workings of the principles of citizenship and applies these to understandings of CSRC. Based on this framework, key issues for consideration in programmes are: sexual and reproductive citizenship as status and practice; situated agency; differentiated universalism; the interweaving of the private and public; and the politics of recognition, redistribution and reparation. This chapter discusses the development of a programme refinement toolkit based on a CSRC framework, named the Masizixhobise Toolkit; how the elements outlined above were operationalised into questions; an illustrative example; and the partnership formed with a youth empowerment non-governmental organisation in developing the toolkit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Policy responses to the sexual and reproductive health of queer youth in the global south: a systematic review
- Authors: Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sexual minorities -- Africa , Sexual minorities -- Asia , Sexual minorities -- Caribbean Area , Sexual health -- Developing countries , Reproductive health -- Developing countries , Reproductive health services -- Developing countries , Communication in reproductive health -- Developing countries , Sexual minorities -- Youth -- Developing countries , Medical policy -- Developing countries , Homophobia -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63021 , vital:28355
- Description: Concerns surrounding youth sexual and reproduction health (SRH) are deeply embedded within systems of heteronormativity and ciscentrism. Resultantly, youth SRH is filtered through a lens of heterosexual and cisgender experience, rendering invisible the SRH needs of queer youth. Importantly, a failure to recognise queer experiences of SRH has implications for normative subject positions, which enjoy stronger institutional support and constitute legitimate ways of being. As such, the failure to recognise queer youth as health care subjects within policy has far reaching consequences for their sexual and reproductive health. Within this research, a sexual and reproductive justice (SRJ) framework is adopted as a backdrop for exploring policy documents related to youth SRH within selected global South countries in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. The final data set comprises of 1035 policy excerpts extracted from 152 policies across these three regions. Research takes the form of a systematic review utilising a deductive framing and positioning thematic analysis. Analysis identifies framings of youth SRH and explores the subject positions assigned to queer youth in relation to these identified framings, with the understanding that the manner in which youth SRH concerns are framed and queer youth are positioned within policies provides an important foundation for the implementation of SRH-related policy. Findings demonstrate that policy responses to youth SRH are most often framed in terms of a public health approach. As a result, dominant understandings of youth SRH serve to reduce youth sexuality to notions of infections and impact, which may speak to an overreliance on biomedical and population-level health models. Themes emerging within human rights framings demonstrate a presumption that rights are equally afforded to, and freely exercised by, all individuals once legally secured, failing to engage with the creation of enabling conditions to realise these rights. Although context and culture framings were by no means exhaustive examples of SRJ, they provide an interesting insight into how such SRJ concerns might be integrated into policy. Importantly, policy responses demonstrate a general pattern hypervisibility of men who have sex with men (MSM) standing in marked contrast to the invisibility of queer youth and other adult queer populations. Within policy extracts, both youth and „MSM‟ are positioned as particularly prone to poor SRH outcomes. By virtue of their inclusion within both populations, queer youth may be considered as especially at risk for, or vulnerable to, such outcomes. Relatedly, these populations (and by extension queer youth) are positioned as in need of correction, containment, and/or protection by those occupying „gatekeeping‟ positions (e.g. health care providers). The positioning of „MSM‟ solely within the context of HIV/AIDS serves to link same-sex sexualities (and at times gender non-conformity) with harmful consequences, suggesting that the positioning of queer youth could similarly serve to conflate their SRH needs with concerns around HIV/AIDS. Many of the subject positions deployed in policies serve to deny the potential for youth and „MSM‟ agency, strength, and resilience. Thus, queer youth subjects are unlikely to be positioned as empowered, autonomous, and agentic. Across both framing and positioning themes, a number of key shortcomings were observed. For the most part, policy responses fail to acknowledge the influence of social, economic, political, and cultural forces that may serve to hinder SRH outcomes according to particular contexts and the intersection of multiple and varied social identities. By obscuring these broader contextual factors and power relations, policy responses may serve to hold individual youth responsible for poor SRH outcomes. In failing to engage with the potential for diversity within youth populations, these populations are largely homogenised. Finally, the need for the creation of an enabling environment in order to secure sexual and reproductive health is largely unacknowledged within policy responses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sexual minorities -- Africa , Sexual minorities -- Asia , Sexual minorities -- Caribbean Area , Sexual health -- Developing countries , Reproductive health -- Developing countries , Reproductive health services -- Developing countries , Communication in reproductive health -- Developing countries , Sexual minorities -- Youth -- Developing countries , Medical policy -- Developing countries , Homophobia -- Developing countries
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63021 , vital:28355
- Description: Concerns surrounding youth sexual and reproduction health (SRH) are deeply embedded within systems of heteronormativity and ciscentrism. Resultantly, youth SRH is filtered through a lens of heterosexual and cisgender experience, rendering invisible the SRH needs of queer youth. Importantly, a failure to recognise queer experiences of SRH has implications for normative subject positions, which enjoy stronger institutional support and constitute legitimate ways of being. As such, the failure to recognise queer youth as health care subjects within policy has far reaching consequences for their sexual and reproductive health. Within this research, a sexual and reproductive justice (SRJ) framework is adopted as a backdrop for exploring policy documents related to youth SRH within selected global South countries in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. The final data set comprises of 1035 policy excerpts extracted from 152 policies across these three regions. Research takes the form of a systematic review utilising a deductive framing and positioning thematic analysis. Analysis identifies framings of youth SRH and explores the subject positions assigned to queer youth in relation to these identified framings, with the understanding that the manner in which youth SRH concerns are framed and queer youth are positioned within policies provides an important foundation for the implementation of SRH-related policy. Findings demonstrate that policy responses to youth SRH are most often framed in terms of a public health approach. As a result, dominant understandings of youth SRH serve to reduce youth sexuality to notions of infections and impact, which may speak to an overreliance on biomedical and population-level health models. Themes emerging within human rights framings demonstrate a presumption that rights are equally afforded to, and freely exercised by, all individuals once legally secured, failing to engage with the creation of enabling conditions to realise these rights. Although context and culture framings were by no means exhaustive examples of SRJ, they provide an interesting insight into how such SRJ concerns might be integrated into policy. Importantly, policy responses demonstrate a general pattern hypervisibility of men who have sex with men (MSM) standing in marked contrast to the invisibility of queer youth and other adult queer populations. Within policy extracts, both youth and „MSM‟ are positioned as particularly prone to poor SRH outcomes. By virtue of their inclusion within both populations, queer youth may be considered as especially at risk for, or vulnerable to, such outcomes. Relatedly, these populations (and by extension queer youth) are positioned as in need of correction, containment, and/or protection by those occupying „gatekeeping‟ positions (e.g. health care providers). The positioning of „MSM‟ solely within the context of HIV/AIDS serves to link same-sex sexualities (and at times gender non-conformity) with harmful consequences, suggesting that the positioning of queer youth could similarly serve to conflate their SRH needs with concerns around HIV/AIDS. Many of the subject positions deployed in policies serve to deny the potential for youth and „MSM‟ agency, strength, and resilience. Thus, queer youth subjects are unlikely to be positioned as empowered, autonomous, and agentic. Across both framing and positioning themes, a number of key shortcomings were observed. For the most part, policy responses fail to acknowledge the influence of social, economic, political, and cultural forces that may serve to hinder SRH outcomes according to particular contexts and the intersection of multiple and varied social identities. By obscuring these broader contextual factors and power relations, policy responses may serve to hold individual youth responsible for poor SRH outcomes. In failing to engage with the potential for diversity within youth populations, these populations are largely homogenised. Finally, the need for the creation of an enabling environment in order to secure sexual and reproductive health is largely unacknowledged within policy responses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Just saying “No” is not enough: a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of anti-rape poster campaigns
- Böhmke, Werner, Bennie, Rachel, Minnie, Chantel, Moore, Sarah-Ann, Pilusa, Mikaylah, Pollock, James
- Authors: Böhmke, Werner , Bennie, Rachel , Minnie, Chantel , Moore, Sarah-Ann , Pilusa, Mikaylah , Pollock, James
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143727 , vital:38277 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: Sexual violence is a serious social concern, especially in South Africa. Explanations for high levels of sexual violence often point to normative cultural expectations regarding gendered behaviour. Consequently, attempts to address sexual violence frequently take the form of public health initiatives aimed at increasing awareness of the problem, encouraging reporting and, much more recently, addressing the social attitudes believed to be held by perpetrators of this violence. A common format for such initiatives is anti-rape poster campaigns. This paper argues, through applying Foucauldian discourse analysis to a series of posters, that very often the messages conveyed by these initiatives are addressed at the prohibition of behaviours associated with sexual violence. The analysis shows that this strategy may not be sufficient, and instead argues that alternative strategies - aimed at inviting audiences to take up an ethical position - may be more effective at producing change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Böhmke, Werner , Bennie, Rachel , Minnie, Chantel , Moore, Sarah-Ann , Pilusa, Mikaylah , Pollock, James
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143727 , vital:38277 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: Sexual violence is a serious social concern, especially in South Africa. Explanations for high levels of sexual violence often point to normative cultural expectations regarding gendered behaviour. Consequently, attempts to address sexual violence frequently take the form of public health initiatives aimed at increasing awareness of the problem, encouraging reporting and, much more recently, addressing the social attitudes believed to be held by perpetrators of this violence. A common format for such initiatives is anti-rape poster campaigns. This paper argues, through applying Foucauldian discourse analysis to a series of posters, that very often the messages conveyed by these initiatives are addressed at the prohibition of behaviours associated with sexual violence. The analysis shows that this strategy may not be sufficient, and instead argues that alternative strategies - aimed at inviting audiences to take up an ethical position - may be more effective at producing change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
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