Measuring intra-industry trade and productivity in the South African pharmaceutical sector
- Authors: Malimba, Nwabisa , Mutambara, Tsitsi E , Marire, Juniours
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/470864 , vital:77402 , https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v27i1.5486
- Description: The South African pharmaceutical sector is Africa's largest and most advanced but heavily depends on imported products and active pharmaceutical ingredients to meet its demands. The status quo is due to low intra-industry trade, which is necessary to induce innovation and technological progress essential for accelerating local production, export growth and reducing dependence on imports. AIM: The primary objective of this article was to examine intra-industry trade in South Africa's pharmaceutical sector and subsequently, total factor productivity (TFP) as a key driver of intra-industry trade. Intra-industry trade was measured using data obtained from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development databases, while the TFP was measured using data from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) covering 2001-2021.
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- Date Issued: 2024
South Africa-Africa trade: Continental Free Trade Area
- Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E , Hess, Richard
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473180 , vital:77614 , https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/298372
- Description: South Africa-Africa trade was examined for 2001-2021 and results show that Africa is an important market for South Africa's manufactured products and there is ease of market access for these products; its trade with Africa is highly complementary; and it has strong trade linkages with Africa's regional groups. Current South Africa-Africa trade is a foundation South Africa could utilise to consolidate, broaden and strengthen its role in intra-Africa trade with the AfCFTA in place as more complementary trade opportunities emerge; markets open more and current trade linkages with regional groups strengthen as trade barriers are reduced further; and regional value chains and production clusters initiatives emerge as market access improves with new and dynamic comparative advantages emerging.
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- Date Issued: 2024
South Africa-Africa trade: Continental Free Trade Area
- Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E
- Date: 2024
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473168 , vital:77612 , https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/298372
- Description: South Africa-Africa trade was examined for 2001-2021 and results show that Africa is an important market for South Africa's manufactured products and there is ease of market access for these products; its trade with Africa is highly complementary; and it has strong trade linkages with Africa's regional groups. Current South Africa-Africa trade is a foundation South Africa could utilise to consolidate, broaden and strengthen its role in intra-Africa trade with the AfCFTA in place as more complementary trade opportunities emerge; markets open more and current trade linkages with regional groups strengthen as trade barriers are reduced further; and regional value chains and production clusters initiatives emerge as market access improves with new and dynamic comparative advantages emerging.
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- Date Issued: 2024
Implications of static and dynamic effects of economic integration for investment inflows and outflows using theories on industrial location: A theoretical debate
- Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473143 , vital:77610 , https://ijbel.com/previous-issues/april-june-and-august-2021/vol-24-august-2021-issue-6/
- Description: Both the static and dynamic effects of economic integration have implications for investment inflows into a regional group, as well as relocation of investment by firms already domiciled in the regional group. Therefore, economic integration theory has become increasingly concerned about the locational effects of economic integration arrangements, thus giving rise to the growing interest by trade theorists in the importance of geography. New models of trade which incorporate factor mobility, external economies of scale and product competition, have established the importance of location in the analysis of the effects of economic integration arrangements. This research article therefore seeks to examine the implications of economic integration for industry location given the various theoretical debates with regard to locational choices of industries. This is done by reviewing theoretical arguments based on the Traditional theory of industrial location, the Marshallian theory, the theory of New economic geography, Weber’s theory and Dunning’s ownership, location and internalisation (OLI) theory. Arguments are thus presented to illustrate and explain how the static and dynamic effects of economic integration motivate industry location by creating the locational factors which the respective industry location theories present as key determinants for industry location. By examining the interplay between the key locational factors in the various theories and the static and dynamic effect of economic integration, this study shows that by viewing the theories of industrial location theories separately, each theory alone cannot answer adequately the question of industrial location and even agglomeration, despite highlighting and clarifying relevant factors. Therefore, the various theories must be integrated in order to understand the dynamics with which economic integration has implications for investment flows.
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- Date Issued: 2021
Implications of the US–China Tit-for-Tat tariff escalation: A literature review of standard trade theory and empirical evidence on economic consequences and effects on both countries
- Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473156 , vital:77611 , DOI : 10.18639/MERJ.2019.952971
- Description: This study reviewed standard international trade theories as they pertain to the impact of trade restrictions. Current empirical studies were reviewed to see whether evidence supports trade theory predictions. Conventional price impacts in standard models of international trade show that trade restrictions are detrimental for trade for both countries involved, and the empirical evidence from current studies confirmed this. The current tit-for-tat tariff escalation between China and the United States has led to, among other things, increased domestic prices to both American consumers and producers; lower export prices to some of the Chinese exporters and American firms based in China; reduced import and export trade between the two countries that would lead to costly adjustments in supply chains; loss in net welfare and employment; and loss in competitive advantage to firms in both countries that produce for export. Therefore, efforts should be made to de-escalate these trade tensions.
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- Date Issued: 2019