The role of the web in the promotion of African languages
- Maseko, Pamela, Nosilela, Bulelwa B, Sam, Msindisi S, Terzoli, Alfredo, Dalvit, Lorenzo
- Authors: Maseko, Pamela , Nosilela, Bulelwa B , Sam, Msindisi S , Terzoli, Alfredo , Dalvit, Lorenzo
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431370 , vital:72768
- Description: In this article we explore the possible contribution of the Web in promot-ing the use and status of African languages. Participation in sharing and producing knowledge through the Web can play a key role in the eco-nomic, social and educational development of Africa. While physical ac-cess to information is hampered by lack of infrastructure and connectivi-ty, epistemological access is hampered by the use of English. Re-sources in African languages are available. Until the amount of Web content and the number of users reach critical mass, these resources play a symbolic rather than an instrumental role in promoting African lan-guages. The use of electronic resources available on the Web could contribute to cutting the printing and transport cost of paper material, es-pecially in multilingual settings where many languages would have to be represented. Another practical way in which the Web can promote the development of African languages is to promote communication among their speakers. This is already showing its potential by allowing experts from various disciplines to work collaboratively on the development of new indigenous terminology through mailing lists and chat rooms. On a larger scale, the Web can play a unifying function among speakers of different varieties of the same African language.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Maseko, Pamela , Nosilela, Bulelwa B , Sam, Msindisi S , Terzoli, Alfredo , Dalvit, Lorenzo
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431370 , vital:72768
- Description: In this article we explore the possible contribution of the Web in promot-ing the use and status of African languages. Participation in sharing and producing knowledge through the Web can play a key role in the eco-nomic, social and educational development of Africa. While physical ac-cess to information is hampered by lack of infrastructure and connectivi-ty, epistemological access is hampered by the use of English. Re-sources in African languages are available. Until the amount of Web content and the number of users reach critical mass, these resources play a symbolic rather than an instrumental role in promoting African lan-guages. The use of electronic resources available on the Web could contribute to cutting the printing and transport cost of paper material, es-pecially in multilingual settings where many languages would have to be represented. Another practical way in which the Web can promote the development of African languages is to promote communication among their speakers. This is already showing its potential by allowing experts from various disciplines to work collaboratively on the development of new indigenous terminology through mailing lists and chat rooms. On a larger scale, the Web can play a unifying function among speakers of different varieties of the same African language.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The role of traditional leadership in governance and rural development: a case study of the Mpumalanga traditional authority
- Authors: George, Khanyisa
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9038 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1575 , Leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study examines how well the Mgwalana Traditional Authority (MTA) is performing its role of governing and developing its area and the municipal area of Nkonkobe in the Province of the Eastern Cape. The Chief of the MTA is one of the 2400 traditional leaders in South Africa who are responsible for giving leadership and development services to approximately 16 million people living in the rural areas. This study tries to find answers to two research questions: 1) What role does the Mgwalana traditional council play in governance and development? 2) Has the South African government managed to add traditional leadership to the local government structures? The study shows that the MTA is finding it difficult to do much socio-economic development because the Nkonkobe Local Municipality considers governance and development as its own role, and the traditional leadership is supposed to join only in customary and cultural activities. The research concludes that these two bodies could move out of the cross-road if they were to follow the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act, 2003 (Act 41 of 2003), and if the municipality were to work with local stakeholders, including the MTA, to achieve the goals for local government laid down in section 152 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: George, Khanyisa
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9038 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1575 , Leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study examines how well the Mgwalana Traditional Authority (MTA) is performing its role of governing and developing its area and the municipal area of Nkonkobe in the Province of the Eastern Cape. The Chief of the MTA is one of the 2400 traditional leaders in South Africa who are responsible for giving leadership and development services to approximately 16 million people living in the rural areas. This study tries to find answers to two research questions: 1) What role does the Mgwalana traditional council play in governance and development? 2) Has the South African government managed to add traditional leadership to the local government structures? The study shows that the MTA is finding it difficult to do much socio-economic development because the Nkonkobe Local Municipality considers governance and development as its own role, and the traditional leadership is supposed to join only in customary and cultural activities. The research concludes that these two bodies could move out of the cross-road if they were to follow the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act, 2003 (Act 41 of 2003), and if the municipality were to work with local stakeholders, including the MTA, to achieve the goals for local government laid down in section 152 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The role played by business development services providers (BDSs) in improving access to finance by start-up SMEs in the Buffalo City Municipality
- Authors: Musara, Mazanai
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Small business -- Finance , New business enterprises , Business enterprises -- Finance , Corporations -- Finance , Small business marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com (Business Management)
- Identifier: vital:11315 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/359 , Small business -- Finance , New business enterprises , Business enterprises -- Finance , Corporations -- Finance , Small business marketing
- Description: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are very important to employment creation, poverty alleviation and the sustainable economic development of a nation. Encouraging SMEs, especially start-ups is crucial for sustainable economic growth. However, the failure rate of start-up SMEs in South Africa is one of the highest in the world. In reviewing the literature of the causes of the failure of start-up SMEs, access to finance emerged as a prime challenge. Start-up SMEs find it very difficult to obtain external finance from commercial banks and venture capitalists. The national and provincial governments in South Africa have realised that access to finance is a major constraint to the growth and survival of start-up SMEs and have put in place certain measures to improve access to finance by start-up SMEs. One of the primary measures put in place by government to improve access to finance by start-up SMEs is the provision of Business Development Service by some government agencies. This research investigates the role of Business Development Services Providers (BDSs) in improving access to finance for start-up SMEs. Questions arise as to why the failure rate of start-up SMEs is high in South Africa despite all these government measures aimed at assisting start-ups to access finance. Empirical research was conducted to investigate the role of BDS in improving access to finance by start-up SMEs. The instrument used for data collection was the self-administered questionnaire. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis. The Cronbach‟s alpha was used as a measure of reliability. The results of the study revealed that: Access to finance is still a major problem hindering the survival of start-up SMEs. There is a lack of awareness of BDS providers and their services by the majority of start-up SMEs. There is a significant positive relationship between the use of BDS by start-up SMEs and success in accessing finance. Start-up SMEs that are aware of BDS do make use of the services. The results suggest that BDS are important to improving access to finance by start-up SMEs. However, there is a need to build awareness and encourage the use of BDS by start-up SMEs to improve their access to finance and ultimately increase their chances of survival.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Musara, Mazanai
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Small business -- Finance , New business enterprises , Business enterprises -- Finance , Corporations -- Finance , Small business marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com (Business Management)
- Identifier: vital:11315 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/359 , Small business -- Finance , New business enterprises , Business enterprises -- Finance , Corporations -- Finance , Small business marketing
- Description: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are very important to employment creation, poverty alleviation and the sustainable economic development of a nation. Encouraging SMEs, especially start-ups is crucial for sustainable economic growth. However, the failure rate of start-up SMEs in South Africa is one of the highest in the world. In reviewing the literature of the causes of the failure of start-up SMEs, access to finance emerged as a prime challenge. Start-up SMEs find it very difficult to obtain external finance from commercial banks and venture capitalists. The national and provincial governments in South Africa have realised that access to finance is a major constraint to the growth and survival of start-up SMEs and have put in place certain measures to improve access to finance by start-up SMEs. One of the primary measures put in place by government to improve access to finance by start-up SMEs is the provision of Business Development Service by some government agencies. This research investigates the role of Business Development Services Providers (BDSs) in improving access to finance for start-up SMEs. Questions arise as to why the failure rate of start-up SMEs is high in South Africa despite all these government measures aimed at assisting start-ups to access finance. Empirical research was conducted to investigate the role of BDS in improving access to finance by start-up SMEs. The instrument used for data collection was the self-administered questionnaire. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis. The Cronbach‟s alpha was used as a measure of reliability. The results of the study revealed that: Access to finance is still a major problem hindering the survival of start-up SMEs. There is a lack of awareness of BDS providers and their services by the majority of start-up SMEs. There is a significant positive relationship between the use of BDS by start-up SMEs and success in accessing finance. Start-up SMEs that are aware of BDS do make use of the services. The results suggest that BDS are important to improving access to finance by start-up SMEs. However, there is a need to build awareness and encourage the use of BDS by start-up SMEs to improve their access to finance and ultimately increase their chances of survival.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The SANTED Virtual Classroom Project: A case study
- Mufeti, Tulimevava K, Thinyane, Hannah, Terzoli, Alfredo, Foster, Gregory G
- Authors: Mufeti, Tulimevava K , Thinyane, Hannah , Terzoli, Alfredo , Foster, Gregory G
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430784 , vital:72715 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5753006
- Description: The SANTED Virtual Classroom Project is a collaboration initiative of the Departments of Computer Science at Rhodes University and the University of Namibia, conceptualized in 2007 and operational since 2008. The project aims to build capacity in the Computer Science De-partment at the University of Namibia through curriculum development and delivery, staff development and sharing of resources. This paper gives a detailed description of the project, highlighting how it was con-ceived, its aims and objectives, its aspirations and challenges, as well as some of the successes achieved to date.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mufeti, Tulimevava K , Thinyane, Hannah , Terzoli, Alfredo , Foster, Gregory G
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430784 , vital:72715 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5753006
- Description: The SANTED Virtual Classroom Project is a collaboration initiative of the Departments of Computer Science at Rhodes University and the University of Namibia, conceptualized in 2007 and operational since 2008. The project aims to build capacity in the Computer Science De-partment at the University of Namibia through curriculum development and delivery, staff development and sharing of resources. This paper gives a detailed description of the project, highlighting how it was con-ceived, its aims and objectives, its aspirations and challenges, as well as some of the successes achieved to date.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The Scope of Teaching and Learning in Environmental Education
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183037 , vital:43906 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/172809"
- Description: Environmental Education involves a variety of teaching and learning processes which are diversely situated in a range of social and educational contexts. The diversity of scope is an interesting 'contour' of a field like environmental education. Contemporary environmental sciences and complexity studies draw our attention to an ever-changing world and to increasingly complex social-ecological issues, patterns and risks that require our attention. These too influence the scope of environmental education teaching and learning processes. This edition of the Southern African Journal of Environmental Education provides a window through which we may see some of the scope of environmental education activities, research questions, learning and teaching settings, and educational activity. It provides insight into the range of research methodologies that are being deployed to investigate the educational processes that are needed for re-orientation towards sustainability, equity, adaptability and transformation at the people-environment interface.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183037 , vital:43906 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/172809"
- Description: Environmental Education involves a variety of teaching and learning processes which are diversely situated in a range of social and educational contexts. The diversity of scope is an interesting 'contour' of a field like environmental education. Contemporary environmental sciences and complexity studies draw our attention to an ever-changing world and to increasingly complex social-ecological issues, patterns and risks that require our attention. These too influence the scope of environmental education teaching and learning processes. This edition of the Southern African Journal of Environmental Education provides a window through which we may see some of the scope of environmental education activities, research questions, learning and teaching settings, and educational activity. It provides insight into the range of research methodologies that are being deployed to investigate the educational processes that are needed for re-orientation towards sustainability, equity, adaptability and transformation at the people-environment interface.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010
The South African constitutional court and the rule of law: the Masethla judgment, a cause for concern?
- Authors: Krüger, Rósaan
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68930 , vital:29340 , http://ref.scielo.org/22p54n
- Description: Publisher version , The rule of law as a foundational constitutional value constrains the exercise of public power but the precise limits of the constraints it sets are not well defined. In Masethla v President of the Republic of South Africa, the majority of the Constitutional Court opted for an interpretation of this value that frees the President from adherence to the demands of procedural fairness when exercising certain constitutional powers. This note will investigate the soundness of that interpretation against the background of theoretical expositions of the rule of law and earlier Constitutional Court judgments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Krüger, Rósaan
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68930 , vital:29340 , http://ref.scielo.org/22p54n
- Description: Publisher version , The rule of law as a foundational constitutional value constrains the exercise of public power but the precise limits of the constraints it sets are not well defined. In Masethla v President of the Republic of South Africa, the majority of the Constitutional Court opted for an interpretation of this value that frees the President from adherence to the demands of procedural fairness when exercising certain constitutional powers. This note will investigate the soundness of that interpretation against the background of theoretical expositions of the rule of law and earlier Constitutional Court judgments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The strategic role of SARS customs on trade facilitation and regional integration in SADC
- Authors: Dlamini, Thenjiwe Olga
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: South African Revenue Service -- Planning , Strategic planning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8646 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1394 , South African Revenue Service -- Planning , Strategic planning -- South Africa
- Description: The objective of this study is to determine the best SARS customs strategy that can be implemented as a tool to assist the facilitation of trade and Regional integration in SADC Region because the process of integration is facing many challenges. A literature review of scholarly literature was conducted on regional integration of SADC that offered an international perspective on the experiences of other countries who have undergone similar experiences of integration and trade facilitation. With a historical background of Regional integration with the demonstration of SARS customs strategy that can be adopted to facilitate the process of trade and regional integration and, proposed future model and strategic plans to achieve the future goals. Research methodology and design was done through the combination of the four research types classification in their order of sophistication except the predictive research. These are namely exploratory, descriptive, and analytical or explanatory researches and include deductive research. The compilation of data through questionnaires was employed. The findings discussed in Chapter Five indicate that there are some gains that can be achieved by SADC members through free trade agreement. Recommendation from the study is that progression towards deeper integration requires the participation of the stakeholder and ownership at national level. The national and regional institutions require good governance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Dlamini, Thenjiwe Olga
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: South African Revenue Service -- Planning , Strategic planning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8646 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1394 , South African Revenue Service -- Planning , Strategic planning -- South Africa
- Description: The objective of this study is to determine the best SARS customs strategy that can be implemented as a tool to assist the facilitation of trade and Regional integration in SADC Region because the process of integration is facing many challenges. A literature review of scholarly literature was conducted on regional integration of SADC that offered an international perspective on the experiences of other countries who have undergone similar experiences of integration and trade facilitation. With a historical background of Regional integration with the demonstration of SARS customs strategy that can be adopted to facilitate the process of trade and regional integration and, proposed future model and strategic plans to achieve the future goals. Research methodology and design was done through the combination of the four research types classification in their order of sophistication except the predictive research. These are namely exploratory, descriptive, and analytical or explanatory researches and include deductive research. The compilation of data through questionnaires was employed. The findings discussed in Chapter Five indicate that there are some gains that can be achieved by SADC members through free trade agreement. Recommendation from the study is that progression towards deeper integration requires the participation of the stakeholder and ownership at national level. The national and regional institutions require good governance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The study of the concept and the development of social entretpreneurial models in South Africa
- Authors: Theron, Jolene
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Social entrepreneurship -- South Africa , Social responsibility of business -- South Africa , Social problems -- South Africa , Poverty -- South Africa , South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8611 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1558 , Social entrepreneurship -- South Africa , Social responsibility of business -- South Africa , Social problems -- South Africa , Poverty -- South Africa , South Africa -- Social conditions
- Description: The study investigates the concept and development of social entrepreneurial models in South Africa to demonstrate how social business initiatives can thrive and increase their impact on quality of life. Extreme poverty and diminishing natural resources threaten the future existence of the human race. Transformative, cost-effective and sustainable solutions are necessary to address the most challenging social problems. The study explores the speculation that creation of social value naturally progressed to increase economic value. Governments and philanthropic efforts have to date, failed to offer effective solutions to social problems. Independently, no sector is able to handle the scale, cost and extent of the current social issues facing humanity. In order to address this gap the study considers the business models followed by the public, private and non-profit sectors. It then introduces the concept of social entrepreneurship and explores the use of a hybrid business model as a possible solution. It is argued that transformative, cost-effective and sustainable solutions to the most critical social problems within South Africa can only be generated once these different sectors collaborate to leverage public and private resources. The method used in approaching the study was: Identifying the need for new forms of social value creation and identifying specific ventures emerging to address these needs; Recognising the key factors enabling social entrepreneurs to accomplish ambitious task, create large social impact and influence economic value; Establishing the most predominant social problems threatening the future sustainability of society and economy in South Africa; Identifying the most strategic business model able to create transformation, sustainability and deliver both economic and social value; Establishing the guidelines, support and resources needed to strengthen social entrepreneurial behaviour and social entrepreneurial initiatives within South Africa. The objective of the study was firstly achieved through an analysis of literature related to the topic of social entrepreneurship. The literature study explored the origins of traditional entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial characteristics. It then went on to discover the concept of social entrepreneurship and made a clear definition between the different types of social entrepreneurship, separating the social entrepreneurial venture from charity and corporate social responsibility. The literature study looked further into the characteristics of a social entrepreneur, the need for new forms of social value creation, the opportunities that exist and the impact created by social entrepreneurship. The second part of the analysis strictly focussed on social entrepreneurship in South Africa and the role each sector plays in addressing social issues. The most critical social issues in South Africa were identified with emphasise on the change needed. The methodology used was the case study method. A single-case study was conducted with the Freeplay Energy Group, presenting a successful social entrepreneurial venture, serving as a good business model example for the South African environment. A qualitative approach was followed with the objective of testing theory. By comparing the theory identified in the literary review with the findings of the case study, it was possible to investigate the concept and development of social entrepreneurial models in South Africa. The conclusions demonstrate how social business initiatives can thrive and increase their impact on quality of life. The most strategic business model identified was one which integrated the public, private and non-profit sectors with social entrepreneurship. The collaboration of all the sectors with social entrepreneurship results in social value creation which gives impetus to economic value creation. The findings were documented with specific conclusions being made and offered suggestions for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Theron, Jolene
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Social entrepreneurship -- South Africa , Social responsibility of business -- South Africa , Social problems -- South Africa , Poverty -- South Africa , South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8611 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1558 , Social entrepreneurship -- South Africa , Social responsibility of business -- South Africa , Social problems -- South Africa , Poverty -- South Africa , South Africa -- Social conditions
- Description: The study investigates the concept and development of social entrepreneurial models in South Africa to demonstrate how social business initiatives can thrive and increase their impact on quality of life. Extreme poverty and diminishing natural resources threaten the future existence of the human race. Transformative, cost-effective and sustainable solutions are necessary to address the most challenging social problems. The study explores the speculation that creation of social value naturally progressed to increase economic value. Governments and philanthropic efforts have to date, failed to offer effective solutions to social problems. Independently, no sector is able to handle the scale, cost and extent of the current social issues facing humanity. In order to address this gap the study considers the business models followed by the public, private and non-profit sectors. It then introduces the concept of social entrepreneurship and explores the use of a hybrid business model as a possible solution. It is argued that transformative, cost-effective and sustainable solutions to the most critical social problems within South Africa can only be generated once these different sectors collaborate to leverage public and private resources. The method used in approaching the study was: Identifying the need for new forms of social value creation and identifying specific ventures emerging to address these needs; Recognising the key factors enabling social entrepreneurs to accomplish ambitious task, create large social impact and influence economic value; Establishing the most predominant social problems threatening the future sustainability of society and economy in South Africa; Identifying the most strategic business model able to create transformation, sustainability and deliver both economic and social value; Establishing the guidelines, support and resources needed to strengthen social entrepreneurial behaviour and social entrepreneurial initiatives within South Africa. The objective of the study was firstly achieved through an analysis of literature related to the topic of social entrepreneurship. The literature study explored the origins of traditional entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial characteristics. It then went on to discover the concept of social entrepreneurship and made a clear definition between the different types of social entrepreneurship, separating the social entrepreneurial venture from charity and corporate social responsibility. The literature study looked further into the characteristics of a social entrepreneur, the need for new forms of social value creation, the opportunities that exist and the impact created by social entrepreneurship. The second part of the analysis strictly focussed on social entrepreneurship in South Africa and the role each sector plays in addressing social issues. The most critical social issues in South Africa were identified with emphasise on the change needed. The methodology used was the case study method. A single-case study was conducted with the Freeplay Energy Group, presenting a successful social entrepreneurial venture, serving as a good business model example for the South African environment. A qualitative approach was followed with the objective of testing theory. By comparing the theory identified in the literary review with the findings of the case study, it was possible to investigate the concept and development of social entrepreneurial models in South Africa. The conclusions demonstrate how social business initiatives can thrive and increase their impact on quality of life. The most strategic business model identified was one which integrated the public, private and non-profit sectors with social entrepreneurship. The collaboration of all the sectors with social entrepreneurship results in social value creation which gives impetus to economic value creation. The findings were documented with specific conclusions being made and offered suggestions for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The synthesis and fluorescence behaviour of phthalocyanines unsymmetrically substituted with naphthol and carboxy groups
- Nombona, Nolwazi, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Nombona, Nolwazi , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/261534 , vital:53418 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2009.11.010"
- Description: Unsymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines 8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-2-(carboxy)phthalocyanine, [8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-2-(carboxy)phthalocyanato]zinc(II), 8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-4,5-(3-carboxy-1,2-dioxyphenyl)phthalocyanine and [8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-4,5-(3-carboxy-1,2-dioxyphenoxy)phthalocyanato]zinc(II) were prepared using the mixed phthalonitrile cyclotetramerization of 3-(1-naphthoxy) phthalonitrile with a carboxylic acid phthalonitrile. The phthalocyanines were separated using column chromatography employing a mixture of THF, ammonia and water. The novel compounds were characterized using UV–Vis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. Fluorescence quantum yields were found to range from 0.05 to 0.16.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Nombona, Nolwazi , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/261534 , vital:53418 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2009.11.010"
- Description: Unsymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines 8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-2-(carboxy)phthalocyanine, [8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-2-(carboxy)phthalocyanato]zinc(II), 8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-4,5-(3-carboxy-1,2-dioxyphenyl)phthalocyanine and [8,15,22-tris-(naphtho)-4,5-(3-carboxy-1,2-dioxyphenoxy)phthalocyanato]zinc(II) were prepared using the mixed phthalonitrile cyclotetramerization of 3-(1-naphthoxy) phthalonitrile with a carboxylic acid phthalonitrile. The phthalocyanines were separated using column chromatography employing a mixture of THF, ammonia and water. The novel compounds were characterized using UV–Vis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. Fluorescence quantum yields were found to range from 0.05 to 0.16.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The synthesis and photophysical properties of novel cationic tetra pyridiloxy substituted aluminium, silicon and titanium phthalocyanines in water
- Masilela, Nkosiphile, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249159 , vital:51783 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.04.011"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis, characterisation and photophysical properties of new unquaternized β-2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) aluminium(III) (3a), silicon(IV) (3b), titanium(IV) (3c) phthalocyanines and their water-soluble quaternized counterparts, 4a, 4b and 4c, respectively. The water-soluble silicon(IV) (4b) and titanium(IV) (4c) phthalocyanine derivatives were found to be aggregated in aqueous media but were partially or fully disaggregated in the presence of a surfactant Cremophor® EL (CEL). The photophysical properties of aggregated complexes were investigated both in the presence of CEL and in pH 11 alone. Low triplet and fluorescence yield were obtained in pH 11 but an improvement was achieved upon addition of CEL for the aggregated complexes. The unquaternized silicon(IV) phthalocyanine complex (3b) gave the highest triplet quantum yield of 0.77 in DMF followed by its quaternized derivative (4b) with triplet yield of 0.73 in pH 11 plus CEL. The highest triplet lifetime of 220 μs was obtained for 4b in the presence of CEL. Higher fluorescence yields of 0.23 were obtained for quaternized water-soluble aluminium(III) phthalocyanine derivative (4a) in the presence of CEL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249159 , vital:51783 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.04.011"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis, characterisation and photophysical properties of new unquaternized β-2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) aluminium(III) (3a), silicon(IV) (3b), titanium(IV) (3c) phthalocyanines and their water-soluble quaternized counterparts, 4a, 4b and 4c, respectively. The water-soluble silicon(IV) (4b) and titanium(IV) (4c) phthalocyanine derivatives were found to be aggregated in aqueous media but were partially or fully disaggregated in the presence of a surfactant Cremophor® EL (CEL). The photophysical properties of aggregated complexes were investigated both in the presence of CEL and in pH 11 alone. Low triplet and fluorescence yield were obtained in pH 11 but an improvement was achieved upon addition of CEL for the aggregated complexes. The unquaternized silicon(IV) phthalocyanine complex (3b) gave the highest triplet quantum yield of 0.77 in DMF followed by its quaternized derivative (4b) with triplet yield of 0.73 in pH 11 plus CEL. The highest triplet lifetime of 220 μs was obtained for 4b in the presence of CEL. Higher fluorescence yields of 0.23 were obtained for quaternized water-soluble aluminium(III) phthalocyanine derivative (4a) in the presence of CEL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The synthesis and photophysical properties of water soluble tetrasulfonated, octacarboxylated and quaternised 2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) Ga phthalocyanines
- Masilela, Nkosiphile, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6579 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004142
- Description: The photophysical behaviour of chlorogallium 2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) phthalocyanine (ClGaT-2-PyPc) and its quaternised derivative were compared with that of the water soluble anionic tetrasulfonated gallium phthalocyanine ((OH)GaTSPc) and hydoxy gallium octacarboxy phthalocyanine ((OH)GaOCPc). Although both the quaternised compound and the tetrasulfonated gallium phthalocyanine aggregated in aq. solution at pH 11, resulting in low fluorescence and triplet yields, the presence of the surfactant Cremophore EL improved yields. Triplet quantum yields ranged from 0.52 to 0.70 and fluorescence quantum yields ranged from <0.01 to 0.21. The nature of substituent (sulfonate, carboxy and pyridiloxy) did not influence photophysical properties. Chlorogallium 2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) phthalocyanine and its quaternised derivative displayed longer triplet lifetime than both the tetrasulfonated gallium phthalocyanine ((OH)GaTSPc) and hydroxy gallium octacarboxy phthalocyanine in DMSO and in aq. media in both the presence and absence of surfactant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6579 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004142
- Description: The photophysical behaviour of chlorogallium 2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) phthalocyanine (ClGaT-2-PyPc) and its quaternised derivative were compared with that of the water soluble anionic tetrasulfonated gallium phthalocyanine ((OH)GaTSPc) and hydoxy gallium octacarboxy phthalocyanine ((OH)GaOCPc). Although both the quaternised compound and the tetrasulfonated gallium phthalocyanine aggregated in aq. solution at pH 11, resulting in low fluorescence and triplet yields, the presence of the surfactant Cremophore EL improved yields. Triplet quantum yields ranged from 0.52 to 0.70 and fluorescence quantum yields ranged from <0.01 to 0.21. The nature of substituent (sulfonate, carboxy and pyridiloxy) did not influence photophysical properties. Chlorogallium 2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) phthalocyanine and its quaternised derivative displayed longer triplet lifetime than both the tetrasulfonated gallium phthalocyanine ((OH)GaTSPc) and hydroxy gallium octacarboxy phthalocyanine in DMSO and in aq. media in both the presence and absence of surfactant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The taxonomy, life-history and population dynamics of blacktail, Diplodus Capensis (Perciformes: Sparidae), in southern Angola
- Authors: Richardson, Timothy John
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Diplodus -- Angola , Perciformes -- Angola , Sparidae -- Angola , Fish populations -- Angola , Fishes -- Classification -- Angola , Fisheries -- Angola
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5324 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005170 , Diplodus -- Angola , Perciformes -- Angola , Sparidae -- Angola , Fish populations -- Angola , Fishes -- Classification -- Angola , Fisheries -- Angola
- Description: The blacktail, Diplodus capensis, is an inshore sparid fish distributed from Mozambique to Angola. This species forms an important component of coastal fisheries within its distribution, one being the subsistence handline fishery in southern Angola. With this fishery being critically important to the livelihoods of local communities, a biological study and stock assessment was conducted to provide information for the management of this species in southern Angola. However, with molecular evidence suggesting that the Benguela current may have separated the southern African populations of many inshore fish species over two million years ago, a morphological, taxonomic analysis was considered necessary to first investigate whether there was evidence for allopatry in this species. A total of 46 morphometric measurements and 18 counts were carried out on specimens collected from various locations in southern Angola and South Africa. Results were analysed using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and the significance of clusters was tested using analysis of similarities (ANOSIM). Biological samples of D. capensis were collected monthly from an unexploited area from April 2008 to March 2009. Additional biological samples were collected from the subsistence fishers in an exploited area during May, June and December 2009. Standard biological laboratory techniques were employed for the lifehistory comparison between the exploited and unexploited area. A per-recruit analysis was conducted using the life-history parameters from both areas in order to assess the current status of the subsistence fishery and to investigate the potential short-falls of the per-recruit assessment approach. The morphometric comparison showed that there was not sufficient evidence for speciation between the southern Angolan and South African populations of D. capensis. There was, however, sufficient morphological evidence to suggest that these populations are separate stocks. This indicated that the existing reference points on which the management of the South African population is based are unsuitable for the Angolan population. Diplodus capensis in southern Angola is omnivorous, feeding predominantly on algae, barnacles and mussels. An ontogenetic shift from algae to barnacles and mussels was correlated with allometric growth patterns in their feeding apparatus. This species is a rudimentary hermaphrodite in southern Angola with peak spawning in June and July. The overall sex ratio (M: F) was 1: 4.7 in the unexploited area and 50% maturity was attained at 149.5mm FL and five years. Diplodus capensis in southern Angola exhibits very slow growth with the maximum age observed being 31 years (validated using mark recapture of chemically injected fish). Females [L(t) = 419.5(1-e⁻°·°⁴⁵⁽t⁻³·⁴ ⁾)] grew significantly faster (LRT, p < 0.05) than males [L(t) = 297.4(1-e⁻°·°⁷⁷⁽t⁻²·⁷⁾)], and females dominated the larger size classes and older age classes. In the exploited area, the length and age frequencies were severely truncated, the maximum observed age was greatly reduced (17 years) and the sex ratio was less female biased at 1: 2.2. Although there was no evidence for a physiological response to exploitation through alterations in growth or size/age at sexual maturity between the two areas, there was an increase in the proportion of small females in the exploited area, which may have been a compensatory response for the loss of large females. A combination of an underestimate of longevity, different estimates of the Von Bertalanffy growth parameters and overestimates of the natural mortality rate in the exploited population resulted in a 92% underestimate of the pristine spawner biomass-per-recruit (SBR) value. An assessment based on the actual pristine SBR estimate from the unexploited area revealed that the subsistence fishery had actually reduced D. capensis to 20% of its pristine SBR levels and highlighted the value of pre-exploitation life-history information for the application of per-recruit models. This study has shown that D. capensis in southern Angola displays life-history characteristics that render it susceptible to overexploitation, even at low levels of fishing pressure. The current lack of infrastructure and enforcement capacity in the fisheries department of Angola renders traditional linefish regulatory tools, such as size limits, bag limits and closed seasons, inappropriate. Therefore, suitably designed marine protected areas are recommended as the best management option for this species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Richardson, Timothy John
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Diplodus -- Angola , Perciformes -- Angola , Sparidae -- Angola , Fish populations -- Angola , Fishes -- Classification -- Angola , Fisheries -- Angola
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5324 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005170 , Diplodus -- Angola , Perciformes -- Angola , Sparidae -- Angola , Fish populations -- Angola , Fishes -- Classification -- Angola , Fisheries -- Angola
- Description: The blacktail, Diplodus capensis, is an inshore sparid fish distributed from Mozambique to Angola. This species forms an important component of coastal fisheries within its distribution, one being the subsistence handline fishery in southern Angola. With this fishery being critically important to the livelihoods of local communities, a biological study and stock assessment was conducted to provide information for the management of this species in southern Angola. However, with molecular evidence suggesting that the Benguela current may have separated the southern African populations of many inshore fish species over two million years ago, a morphological, taxonomic analysis was considered necessary to first investigate whether there was evidence for allopatry in this species. A total of 46 morphometric measurements and 18 counts were carried out on specimens collected from various locations in southern Angola and South Africa. Results were analysed using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and the significance of clusters was tested using analysis of similarities (ANOSIM). Biological samples of D. capensis were collected monthly from an unexploited area from April 2008 to March 2009. Additional biological samples were collected from the subsistence fishers in an exploited area during May, June and December 2009. Standard biological laboratory techniques were employed for the lifehistory comparison between the exploited and unexploited area. A per-recruit analysis was conducted using the life-history parameters from both areas in order to assess the current status of the subsistence fishery and to investigate the potential short-falls of the per-recruit assessment approach. The morphometric comparison showed that there was not sufficient evidence for speciation between the southern Angolan and South African populations of D. capensis. There was, however, sufficient morphological evidence to suggest that these populations are separate stocks. This indicated that the existing reference points on which the management of the South African population is based are unsuitable for the Angolan population. Diplodus capensis in southern Angola is omnivorous, feeding predominantly on algae, barnacles and mussels. An ontogenetic shift from algae to barnacles and mussels was correlated with allometric growth patterns in their feeding apparatus. This species is a rudimentary hermaphrodite in southern Angola with peak spawning in June and July. The overall sex ratio (M: F) was 1: 4.7 in the unexploited area and 50% maturity was attained at 149.5mm FL and five years. Diplodus capensis in southern Angola exhibits very slow growth with the maximum age observed being 31 years (validated using mark recapture of chemically injected fish). Females [L(t) = 419.5(1-e⁻°·°⁴⁵⁽t⁻³·⁴ ⁾)] grew significantly faster (LRT, p < 0.05) than males [L(t) = 297.4(1-e⁻°·°⁷⁷⁽t⁻²·⁷⁾)], and females dominated the larger size classes and older age classes. In the exploited area, the length and age frequencies were severely truncated, the maximum observed age was greatly reduced (17 years) and the sex ratio was less female biased at 1: 2.2. Although there was no evidence for a physiological response to exploitation through alterations in growth or size/age at sexual maturity between the two areas, there was an increase in the proportion of small females in the exploited area, which may have been a compensatory response for the loss of large females. A combination of an underestimate of longevity, different estimates of the Von Bertalanffy growth parameters and overestimates of the natural mortality rate in the exploited population resulted in a 92% underestimate of the pristine spawner biomass-per-recruit (SBR) value. An assessment based on the actual pristine SBR estimate from the unexploited area revealed that the subsistence fishery had actually reduced D. capensis to 20% of its pristine SBR levels and highlighted the value of pre-exploitation life-history information for the application of per-recruit models. This study has shown that D. capensis in southern Angola displays life-history characteristics that render it susceptible to overexploitation, even at low levels of fishing pressure. The current lack of infrastructure and enforcement capacity in the fisheries department of Angola renders traditional linefish regulatory tools, such as size limits, bag limits and closed seasons, inappropriate. Therefore, suitably designed marine protected areas are recommended as the best management option for this species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The ultrastructure and histology of the defensive epidermal glands of some marine pulmonates
- Authors: Pinchuck, Shirley Clare
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Snails -- Histology , Snails -- Physiology , Snails -- Cytology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5793 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005481 , Snails -- Histology , Snails -- Physiology , Snails -- Cytology
- Description: Histology and electron microscopy were used to describe and compare the structure of the dorso-lateral pedal defensive glands of three species of marine Basommatophora, Siphonaria capensis, S. serrata and S. gigas. All three species possessed multi-cellular glands that were larger and most abundant in S. capensis. In S. capensis and S. serrata, defensive glands were composed of two types (type I and II) of large secretory cells filled with product and some irregularly shaped support cells that surrounded a central lumen. The product of both cell types was produced by organelles confined to the bases of the cells. The entire gland was surrounded by a well developed layer of smooth muscle and collagen. Type I cells stained positively for neutral and sulphated mucins, and at the transmission electron microscope level the product had a reticulated appearance. By contrast type II gland cells stained very positively for acidic mucins and the secretory product was formed as large granular vesicles. The product from both types of cell, which appeared to be secreted by holocrine secretion, mixed in the lumen of the duct. Individuals of Siphonaria gigas had two types of lateral pedal glands, a large multi-cellular type and a tubular unicellular gland. The multi-cellular glands, which were surrounded by poorly developed muscle, contained one type of gland cell that stained for neutral and sulphated mucins only, as well as some support cells. The tubular glands contained a heterogeneous product that stained very positively for neutral and sulphated mucins. In addition two species of shell-less marine Systellommatophorans, Onchidella capensis and O. hildae, were examined. Onchidellids also posses large marginal, multi-cellular, epidermal glands that produce a repugnatorial secretion. Like the multi-cellular epidermal glands of siphonariids, those of onchidellids are surrounded by layers of smooth muscle. The muscular capsule was particularly well developed in both species of onchidellid, but more so in O. hildae. In addition, this study has shown that unlike siphonariids, muscle fibres run between the gland cells of O. capensis and O. hildae. Unlike siphonariids, onchidellids have a layer of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the gland. The well developed muscle layer and the strands of muscle running between the different gland cells indicates that the glands can be constricted to forcibly propel their secretions along the length of the duct and away from the body of the animal. Based on their product, glands of O. capensis were comprised of five different types of secretory cell and O. hildae only four. Histological and histochemical staining of the glands of showed that the secretory product is largely made up of acidic mucopolysaccharides and neutral and sulphated mucins. A single species from the order Eupulmonata, Trimusculus costatus, was examined and the glands were very different to the species from the siphonariids and onchidellids. Trimusculus costatus does not have large multi-cellular glands encapsulated in a well developed muscle layer, but based on their cell contents, three different types of large unicellular gland cell can be recognised. The glands of T. costatus gave positive results for acid, neutral and sulphated mucins, but negative results for carboxylated mucin. It is possible that the mucous secreted by T. costatus is also an anti-bacterial agent and whilst not totally eliminating bacteria may prevent the accumulation of epibionts on these sedentary limpets. The acidic or sulphated nature of the secretions may help in this role. The defensive mucous secretions of Siphonaria and Onchidella contain polypropionate derivatives, whilst the active ingredients of Trimusculus mucus have been identified as labdane diterpenes, similar to those produced by opisthobranchs. The structure of the glands thought to produce these repungnatorial secretions is very different, with the glands of T. costatus resembling those of the opisthobranchs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Pinchuck, Shirley Clare
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Snails -- Histology , Snails -- Physiology , Snails -- Cytology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5793 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005481 , Snails -- Histology , Snails -- Physiology , Snails -- Cytology
- Description: Histology and electron microscopy were used to describe and compare the structure of the dorso-lateral pedal defensive glands of three species of marine Basommatophora, Siphonaria capensis, S. serrata and S. gigas. All three species possessed multi-cellular glands that were larger and most abundant in S. capensis. In S. capensis and S. serrata, defensive glands were composed of two types (type I and II) of large secretory cells filled with product and some irregularly shaped support cells that surrounded a central lumen. The product of both cell types was produced by organelles confined to the bases of the cells. The entire gland was surrounded by a well developed layer of smooth muscle and collagen. Type I cells stained positively for neutral and sulphated mucins, and at the transmission electron microscope level the product had a reticulated appearance. By contrast type II gland cells stained very positively for acidic mucins and the secretory product was formed as large granular vesicles. The product from both types of cell, which appeared to be secreted by holocrine secretion, mixed in the lumen of the duct. Individuals of Siphonaria gigas had two types of lateral pedal glands, a large multi-cellular type and a tubular unicellular gland. The multi-cellular glands, which were surrounded by poorly developed muscle, contained one type of gland cell that stained for neutral and sulphated mucins only, as well as some support cells. The tubular glands contained a heterogeneous product that stained very positively for neutral and sulphated mucins. In addition two species of shell-less marine Systellommatophorans, Onchidella capensis and O. hildae, were examined. Onchidellids also posses large marginal, multi-cellular, epidermal glands that produce a repugnatorial secretion. Like the multi-cellular epidermal glands of siphonariids, those of onchidellids are surrounded by layers of smooth muscle. The muscular capsule was particularly well developed in both species of onchidellid, but more so in O. hildae. In addition, this study has shown that unlike siphonariids, muscle fibres run between the gland cells of O. capensis and O. hildae. Unlike siphonariids, onchidellids have a layer of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the gland. The well developed muscle layer and the strands of muscle running between the different gland cells indicates that the glands can be constricted to forcibly propel their secretions along the length of the duct and away from the body of the animal. Based on their product, glands of O. capensis were comprised of five different types of secretory cell and O. hildae only four. Histological and histochemical staining of the glands of showed that the secretory product is largely made up of acidic mucopolysaccharides and neutral and sulphated mucins. A single species from the order Eupulmonata, Trimusculus costatus, was examined and the glands were very different to the species from the siphonariids and onchidellids. Trimusculus costatus does not have large multi-cellular glands encapsulated in a well developed muscle layer, but based on their cell contents, three different types of large unicellular gland cell can be recognised. The glands of T. costatus gave positive results for acid, neutral and sulphated mucins, but negative results for carboxylated mucin. It is possible that the mucous secreted by T. costatus is also an anti-bacterial agent and whilst not totally eliminating bacteria may prevent the accumulation of epibionts on these sedentary limpets. The acidic or sulphated nature of the secretions may help in this role. The defensive mucous secretions of Siphonaria and Onchidella contain polypropionate derivatives, whilst the active ingredients of Trimusculus mucus have been identified as labdane diterpenes, similar to those produced by opisthobranchs. The structure of the glands thought to produce these repungnatorial secretions is very different, with the glands of T. costatus resembling those of the opisthobranchs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa
- Ward, Catherine D, Parker, Caitlin M, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Ward, Catherine D , Parker, Caitlin M , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181146 , vital:43702 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.11.001"
- Description: There are few formal studies on the contribution of botanical gardens as urban green spaces, particularly within developing countries. Therefore, this paper reports on an assessment of the use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa. Users and staff were surveyed in six national botanical gardens. The gardens provided numerous benefits in terms of conservation, education and recreation. However, the people using the gardens were not demographically representative of the general population of the surrounding city or town. Generally, most of the visitors were middle- to old-aged, well-educated professionals with medium to high incomes. Most were white and English was their home language. There was an even gender representation. Most visited only a few times per year. The majority of users visited the gardens for recreation and psychological reasons rather than educational ones. However, the staff of each garden placed emphasis on education in the gardens and amongst surrounding schools. Most visitors appreciated the conservation dimensions of botanical gardens, and felt that there was insufficient public green space in their town or city. Understanding how people perceive and use the botanical gardens of South Africa is important to inform future research and strategies regarding the conservation of urban green space within a developing country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Ward, Catherine D , Parker, Caitlin M , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181146 , vital:43702 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.11.001"
- Description: There are few formal studies on the contribution of botanical gardens as urban green spaces, particularly within developing countries. Therefore, this paper reports on an assessment of the use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa. Users and staff were surveyed in six national botanical gardens. The gardens provided numerous benefits in terms of conservation, education and recreation. However, the people using the gardens were not demographically representative of the general population of the surrounding city or town. Generally, most of the visitors were middle- to old-aged, well-educated professionals with medium to high incomes. Most were white and English was their home language. There was an even gender representation. Most visited only a few times per year. The majority of users visited the gardens for recreation and psychological reasons rather than educational ones. However, the staff of each garden placed emphasis on education in the gardens and amongst surrounding schools. Most visitors appreciated the conservation dimensions of botanical gardens, and felt that there was insufficient public green space in their town or city. Understanding how people perceive and use the botanical gardens of South Africa is important to inform future research and strategies regarding the conservation of urban green space within a developing country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The use and appreciation of urban green spaces: the case of selected botanical gardens in South Africa
- Ward, Catherine D, Parker, Caitlin M, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Ward, Catherine D , Parker, Caitlin M , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6662 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007086
- Description: There are few formal studies on the contribution of botanical gardens as urban green spaces, particularly within developing countries. Therefore, this paper reports on an assessment of the use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa. Users and staff were surveyed in six national botanical gardens. The gardens provided numerous benefits in terms of conservation, education and recreation. However, the people using the gardens were not demographically representative of the general population of the surrounding city or town. Generally, most of the visitors were middle- to old-aged, well-educated professionals with medium to high incomes. Most were white and English was their home language. There was an even gender representation. Most visited only a few times per year. The majority of users visited the gardens for recreation and psychological reasons rather than educational ones. However, the staff of each garden placed emphasis on education in the gardens and amongst surrounding schools. Most visitors appreciated the conservation dimensions of botanical gardens, and felt that there was insufficient public green space in their town or city. Understanding how people perceive and use the botanical gardens of South Africa is important to inform future research and strategies regarding the conservation of urban green space within a developing country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Ward, Catherine D , Parker, Caitlin M , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6662 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007086
- Description: There are few formal studies on the contribution of botanical gardens as urban green spaces, particularly within developing countries. Therefore, this paper reports on an assessment of the use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa. Users and staff were surveyed in six national botanical gardens. The gardens provided numerous benefits in terms of conservation, education and recreation. However, the people using the gardens were not demographically representative of the general population of the surrounding city or town. Generally, most of the visitors were middle- to old-aged, well-educated professionals with medium to high incomes. Most were white and English was their home language. There was an even gender representation. Most visited only a few times per year. The majority of users visited the gardens for recreation and psychological reasons rather than educational ones. However, the staff of each garden placed emphasis on education in the gardens and amongst surrounding schools. Most visitors appreciated the conservation dimensions of botanical gardens, and felt that there was insufficient public green space in their town or city. Understanding how people perceive and use the botanical gardens of South Africa is important to inform future research and strategies regarding the conservation of urban green space within a developing country.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The use of learning support materials in rural schools of Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Michelle
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386888 , vital:68186 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122865"
- Description: The African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP) was established in 2002 after the discovery of a colony of coelacanths off the Maputaland coast at Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal. The environmental education and awareness sub-programme developed learning support materials for use in schools and the materials were disseminated annually through teacher education workshops. This study aimed to uncover the use of these learning support materials in the rural schools of Maputaland. The active learning framework, originally proposed and developed by O’Donoghue (2001), was used to analyse the materials. Collectively, the ACEP materials cover a range of active learning aspects; however alignment with the curriculum has resulted in an increased focus on experiments, accompanied by a loss of environmental content and a narrowing scope for active environmental learning. Workshop questionnaires and four school case studies revealed the patterns of practice of use of materials in schools. The stated use of materials by teachers is not fully realised in the actual classroom practice which centres on learning content and concept definitions. There is no culture of use of materials in the schools following the annual introduction of ACEP materials. It was also found that the marine and coastal knowledge holding power is outside the realm of the teachers’ practice and control. The findings of this study come at a time when there is uncertainty over the future of South African education and the curriculum. This research may inform the environmental education and coastal and marine education field as to their role in education and more specifically the development of learning support materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Van der Merwe, Michelle
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386888 , vital:68186 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122865"
- Description: The African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP) was established in 2002 after the discovery of a colony of coelacanths off the Maputaland coast at Sodwana Bay, KwaZulu-Natal. The environmental education and awareness sub-programme developed learning support materials for use in schools and the materials were disseminated annually through teacher education workshops. This study aimed to uncover the use of these learning support materials in the rural schools of Maputaland. The active learning framework, originally proposed and developed by O’Donoghue (2001), was used to analyse the materials. Collectively, the ACEP materials cover a range of active learning aspects; however alignment with the curriculum has resulted in an increased focus on experiments, accompanied by a loss of environmental content and a narrowing scope for active environmental learning. Workshop questionnaires and four school case studies revealed the patterns of practice of use of materials in schools. The stated use of materials by teachers is not fully realised in the actual classroom practice which centres on learning content and concept definitions. There is no culture of use of materials in the schools following the annual introduction of ACEP materials. It was also found that the marine and coastal knowledge holding power is outside the realm of the teachers’ practice and control. The findings of this study come at a time when there is uncertainty over the future of South African education and the curriculum. This research may inform the environmental education and coastal and marine education field as to their role in education and more specifically the development of learning support materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The use of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for the establishment of a design space for a sustained release salbutamol sulphate formulation
- Authors: Chaibva, Faith Anesu
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Salbutamol sulphate Artificial intelligence -- Medical applications Neural networks (Computer science) Response surfaces (Statistics) Pharmaceutical biotechnology -- Quality contro Drugs -- Design Pharmacokinetics Drugs -- Dosage forms Drugs -- Controlled release
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3845 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010432
- Description: Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach that has been recommended as suitable for the development of quality pharmaceutical products. The QbD approach commences with the definition of a quality target drug profile and predetermined objectives that are then used to direct the formulation development process with an emphasis on understanding the pharmaceutical science and manufacturing principles that apply to a product. The design space is directly linked to the use of QbD for formulation development and is a multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables and process parameters that have been demonstrated to provide an assurance of quality. The objective of these studies was to apply the principles of QbD as a framework for the optimisation of a sustained release (SR) formulation of salbutamol sulphate (SBS), and for the establishment of a design space using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). SBS is a short-acting ♭₂ agonist that is used for the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use of a SR formulation of SBS may provide clinical benefits in the management of these respiratory disorders. Ashtalin®8 ER (Cipla Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) was selected as a reference formulation for use in these studies. An Ishikawa or Cause and Effect diagram was used to determine the impact of formulation and process factors that have the potential to affect product quality. Key areas of concern that must be monitored include the raw materials, the manufacturing equipment and processes, and the analytical and assessment methods employed. The conditions in the laboratory and manufacturing processes were carefully monitored and recorded for any deviation from protocol, and equipment for assessment of dosage form performance, including dissolution equipment, balances and hardness testers, underwent regular maintenance. Preliminary studies to assess the potential utility of Methocel® Kl OOM, alone and in combination with other matrix forming polymers, revealed that the combination of this polymer with xanthan gum and Carbopol® has the potential to modulate the release of SBS at a specific rate, for a period of 12 hr. A central composite design using Methocel® KlOOM, xanthan gum, Carbopol® 974P and Surelease® as the granulating fluid was constructed to fully evaluate the impact of these formulation variables on the rate and extent of SBS release from manufactured formulations. The results revealed that although Methocel® KlOOM and xanthan gum had the greatest retardant effect on drug release, interactions between the polymers used in the study were also important determinants of the measureable responses. An ANN model was trained for optimisation using the data generated from a central composite study. The efficiency of the network was optimised by assessing the impact of the number of nodes in the hidden layer using a three layer Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP). The results revealed that a network with nine nodes in the hidden layer had the best predictive ability, suitable for application to formulation optimisation studies. Pharmaceutical optimisation was conducted using both the RSM and the trained ANN models. The results from the two optimisation procedures yielded two different formulation compositions that were subjected to in vitro dissolution testing using USP Apparatus 3. The results revealed that, although the formulation compositions that were derived from the optimisation procedures were different, both solutions gave reproducible results for which the dissolution profiles were indeed similar to that of the reference formulation. RSM and ANN were further investigated as possible means of establishing a design space for formulation compositions that would result in dosage forms that have similar in vitro release test profiles comparable to the reference product. Constraint plots were used to determine the bounds of the formulation variables that would result in the manufacture of dosage forms with the desired release profile. ANN simulations with hypothetical formulations that were generated within a small region of the experimental domain were investigated as a means of understanding the impact of varying the composition of the formulation on resultant dissolution profiles. Although both methods were suitable for the establishment of a design space, the use of ANN may be better suited for this purpose because of the manner in which ANN handles data. As more information about the behaviour of a formulation and its processes is generated during the product Iifecycle, ANN may be used to evaluate the impact of formulation and process variables on measureable responses. It is recommended that ANN may be suitable for the optimisation of pharmaceutical formulations and establishment of a design space in line with ICH Pharmaceutical Development [1], Quality Risk Management [2] and Pharmaceutical Quality Systems [3]
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Chaibva, Faith Anesu
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Salbutamol sulphate Artificial intelligence -- Medical applications Neural networks (Computer science) Response surfaces (Statistics) Pharmaceutical biotechnology -- Quality contro Drugs -- Design Pharmacokinetics Drugs -- Dosage forms Drugs -- Controlled release
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3845 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010432
- Description: Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach that has been recommended as suitable for the development of quality pharmaceutical products. The QbD approach commences with the definition of a quality target drug profile and predetermined objectives that are then used to direct the formulation development process with an emphasis on understanding the pharmaceutical science and manufacturing principles that apply to a product. The design space is directly linked to the use of QbD for formulation development and is a multidimensional combination and interaction of input variables and process parameters that have been demonstrated to provide an assurance of quality. The objective of these studies was to apply the principles of QbD as a framework for the optimisation of a sustained release (SR) formulation of salbutamol sulphate (SBS), and for the establishment of a design space using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). SBS is a short-acting ♭₂ agonist that is used for the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use of a SR formulation of SBS may provide clinical benefits in the management of these respiratory disorders. Ashtalin®8 ER (Cipla Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) was selected as a reference formulation for use in these studies. An Ishikawa or Cause and Effect diagram was used to determine the impact of formulation and process factors that have the potential to affect product quality. Key areas of concern that must be monitored include the raw materials, the manufacturing equipment and processes, and the analytical and assessment methods employed. The conditions in the laboratory and manufacturing processes were carefully monitored and recorded for any deviation from protocol, and equipment for assessment of dosage form performance, including dissolution equipment, balances and hardness testers, underwent regular maintenance. Preliminary studies to assess the potential utility of Methocel® Kl OOM, alone and in combination with other matrix forming polymers, revealed that the combination of this polymer with xanthan gum and Carbopol® has the potential to modulate the release of SBS at a specific rate, for a period of 12 hr. A central composite design using Methocel® KlOOM, xanthan gum, Carbopol® 974P and Surelease® as the granulating fluid was constructed to fully evaluate the impact of these formulation variables on the rate and extent of SBS release from manufactured formulations. The results revealed that although Methocel® KlOOM and xanthan gum had the greatest retardant effect on drug release, interactions between the polymers used in the study were also important determinants of the measureable responses. An ANN model was trained for optimisation using the data generated from a central composite study. The efficiency of the network was optimised by assessing the impact of the number of nodes in the hidden layer using a three layer Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP). The results revealed that a network with nine nodes in the hidden layer had the best predictive ability, suitable for application to formulation optimisation studies. Pharmaceutical optimisation was conducted using both the RSM and the trained ANN models. The results from the two optimisation procedures yielded two different formulation compositions that were subjected to in vitro dissolution testing using USP Apparatus 3. The results revealed that, although the formulation compositions that were derived from the optimisation procedures were different, both solutions gave reproducible results for which the dissolution profiles were indeed similar to that of the reference formulation. RSM and ANN were further investigated as possible means of establishing a design space for formulation compositions that would result in dosage forms that have similar in vitro release test profiles comparable to the reference product. Constraint plots were used to determine the bounds of the formulation variables that would result in the manufacture of dosage forms with the desired release profile. ANN simulations with hypothetical formulations that were generated within a small region of the experimental domain were investigated as a means of understanding the impact of varying the composition of the formulation on resultant dissolution profiles. Although both methods were suitable for the establishment of a design space, the use of ANN may be better suited for this purpose because of the manner in which ANN handles data. As more information about the behaviour of a formulation and its processes is generated during the product Iifecycle, ANN may be used to evaluate the impact of formulation and process variables on measureable responses. It is recommended that ANN may be suitable for the optimisation of pharmaceutical formulations and establishment of a design space in line with ICH Pharmaceutical Development [1], Quality Risk Management [2] and Pharmaceutical Quality Systems [3]
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The utility of Coleoptera in forensic investigations
- Midgley, John M, Richards, Cameron S, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Midgley, John M , Richards, Cameron S , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442783 , vital:74033 , ISBN 978-1-4020-9684-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9684-6_4
- Description: Forensic entomology is a developing field of forensic science, so there are many avenues to investigate. These avenues include novel directions that have never been addressed, as well as more critical and rigorous research into areas which have already been explored. Most research in forensic entomology has focused on flies, and beetles (Coleoptera) have been at best under-emphasized. A good example of this is the review by Smith (1986), where 70 pages are dedicated to Diptera and only 12 to Coleoptera; this situation has changed little in the subsequent 20 years. To contextualize the neglect, throughout the world there are at least as many species of Coleoptera that may visit a particular carcass as Diptera (Braack 1986; Louw and van der Linde 1993; Bourel et al. 1999; Lopes de Carvalho et al. 2000; Pérez et al. 2005; Shea 2005; Watson and Carlton 2005a; Salazar 2006; Martinez et al. 2007). A common assumption underlying the neglect of Coleoptera is that Diptera locate corpses faster, and thus give a more accurate estimate of minimum Post Mortem Interval (PMImin). Recent observations (Midgley and Villet 2009b) have shown that Thanatophilus micans (Silphidae) can locate corpses and start breeding within 24 h of death, and thus the potential utility of estimates based on this species is equal to that of those based on flies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Midgley, John M , Richards, Cameron S , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442783 , vital:74033 , ISBN 978-1-4020-9684-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9684-6_4
- Description: Forensic entomology is a developing field of forensic science, so there are many avenues to investigate. These avenues include novel directions that have never been addressed, as well as more critical and rigorous research into areas which have already been explored. Most research in forensic entomology has focused on flies, and beetles (Coleoptera) have been at best under-emphasized. A good example of this is the review by Smith (1986), where 70 pages are dedicated to Diptera and only 12 to Coleoptera; this situation has changed little in the subsequent 20 years. To contextualize the neglect, throughout the world there are at least as many species of Coleoptera that may visit a particular carcass as Diptera (Braack 1986; Louw and van der Linde 1993; Bourel et al. 1999; Lopes de Carvalho et al. 2000; Pérez et al. 2005; Shea 2005; Watson and Carlton 2005a; Salazar 2006; Martinez et al. 2007). A common assumption underlying the neglect of Coleoptera is that Diptera locate corpses faster, and thus give a more accurate estimate of minimum Post Mortem Interval (PMImin). Recent observations (Midgley and Villet 2009b) have shown that Thanatophilus micans (Silphidae) can locate corpses and start breeding within 24 h of death, and thus the potential utility of estimates based on this species is equal to that of those based on flies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The valuation of campus built heritage from the student perspective: comparative analysis of Rhodes University in South Africa and St. Mary’s College of Maryland in the United States
- Poor, Joan P, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Poor, Joan P , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67488 , vital:29102 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2009.05.002
- Description: Pre-print , Many universities and colleges around the world have done extensive surveys of their campus built heritage resources. A detailed description and accounting of a campus's built heritage, landscape heritage and archaeology, are often used for historic preservation planning, and sustaining built culture is also an important aspect of campus master planning of future buildings. Such institutions of higher education have deep historical roots, in Europe it is not uncommon for buildings to be dated prior to the sixteenth century. In countries where European colonies were established, institutions of higher education often date to the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Once students have arrived at their chosen campus, however, except for perhaps the first week orientation rituals, do the students actually develop ties to their campus built heritage? This research investigates the knowledge students possess of their respective campus built heritage and the importance of built heritage as a legacy to them. Two institutions are included in this study in an effort of draw comparative assessments. A student questionnaire was administered at Rhodes University in South Africa and St. Mary's College of Maryland in the United States during April 2008. Results indicate students on both campuses place positive intrinsic value on their respective campus built heritage. Just over half (52%) of Rhodes students and about 68% of St. Mary's students were willing to pay some positive amount to protect campus built heritage. Empirical probit model results combining the data from both institutions found that current student knowledge of their respective campus built heritage did not positively relate to the value they place on preservation, even though the visual identity was significant for students and influenced their decision to attend the particular institution. The lack of significance regarding a racial variable coefficient estimate suggests that the use of an institution's visual identity in terms of built heritage may have important marketing implications, particularly in cases where universities or colleges are trying to attract students from more diverse backgrounds. We found no significant relationships between willingness to pay to preserve an institution's built heritage and the demographic variables included in our empirical model. Fundraising data analysis includes positive willingness to pay for conserving built heritage, yet funding for new construction was not significant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Poor, Joan P , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67488 , vital:29102 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2009.05.002
- Description: Pre-print , Many universities and colleges around the world have done extensive surveys of their campus built heritage resources. A detailed description and accounting of a campus's built heritage, landscape heritage and archaeology, are often used for historic preservation planning, and sustaining built culture is also an important aspect of campus master planning of future buildings. Such institutions of higher education have deep historical roots, in Europe it is not uncommon for buildings to be dated prior to the sixteenth century. In countries where European colonies were established, institutions of higher education often date to the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Once students have arrived at their chosen campus, however, except for perhaps the first week orientation rituals, do the students actually develop ties to their campus built heritage? This research investigates the knowledge students possess of their respective campus built heritage and the importance of built heritage as a legacy to them. Two institutions are included in this study in an effort of draw comparative assessments. A student questionnaire was administered at Rhodes University in South Africa and St. Mary's College of Maryland in the United States during April 2008. Results indicate students on both campuses place positive intrinsic value on their respective campus built heritage. Just over half (52%) of Rhodes students and about 68% of St. Mary's students were willing to pay some positive amount to protect campus built heritage. Empirical probit model results combining the data from both institutions found that current student knowledge of their respective campus built heritage did not positively relate to the value they place on preservation, even though the visual identity was significant for students and influenced their decision to attend the particular institution. The lack of significance regarding a racial variable coefficient estimate suggests that the use of an institution's visual identity in terms of built heritage may have important marketing implications, particularly in cases where universities or colleges are trying to attract students from more diverse backgrounds. We found no significant relationships between willingness to pay to preserve an institution's built heritage and the demographic variables included in our empirical model. Fundraising data analysis includes positive willingness to pay for conserving built heritage, yet funding for new construction was not significant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The value of a Rhodes University degree and securing employment
- Authors: Chambers, Tracy Laura
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- Graduate students -- Employment Education, Higher -- South Africa Graduate students -- Employment -- South Africa Labor supply -- Effect of education on -- South Africa Economic development -- Effect of education on -- South Africa Labor market -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:769 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003890
- Description: In South Africa, reform policies and frameworks introduced since the 1994 democratic election have sought to bring about change to a highly ineffective and unfair system. In spite of all the changes which have occurred, however, there is evidence to suggest that the system is still not functioning as effectively as it might, given that a relatively large number of graduates remain unemployed in a country with a high skills shortage. This thesis aims to explore the experiences of graduates from one university, Rhodes University in the Eastern Cape, as they enter the job market. It does this through the administration of a first job destination survey administered at the 2009 Graduation Ceremonies held in Grahamstown. Analysis of the survey takes into account the idea that it is not a degree per se, or even a degree from a prestigious university which brings employment, but also the social, cultural and human capital that graduates can bring to their job search.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Chambers, Tracy Laura
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- Graduate students -- Employment Education, Higher -- South Africa Graduate students -- Employment -- South Africa Labor supply -- Effect of education on -- South Africa Economic development -- Effect of education on -- South Africa Labor market -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:769 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003890
- Description: In South Africa, reform policies and frameworks introduced since the 1994 democratic election have sought to bring about change to a highly ineffective and unfair system. In spite of all the changes which have occurred, however, there is evidence to suggest that the system is still not functioning as effectively as it might, given that a relatively large number of graduates remain unemployed in a country with a high skills shortage. This thesis aims to explore the experiences of graduates from one university, Rhodes University in the Eastern Cape, as they enter the job market. It does this through the administration of a first job destination survey administered at the 2009 Graduation Ceremonies held in Grahamstown. Analysis of the survey takes into account the idea that it is not a degree per se, or even a degree from a prestigious university which brings employment, but also the social, cultural and human capital that graduates can bring to their job search.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010