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Higher temperatures are associated with reduced nestling body condition in a range restricted mountain bird

  • Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Smit, Ben , Lee, Alan T K , Peng, Ceili L , Brock, Cameryn , Cunningham, Susan J
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440547 , vital:73791 , https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02756
  • Description: Demonstrated negative effects of increased temperatures on avian reproductive success suggest a mechanism by which climate change may impact species persistence. High temperatures can result in reduced parental care and reduced nestling condition in passerines with dependent young, resulting in lowered fledging success and population recruitment. We examined provisioning rate and nestling condition in a South African mountain endemic, the Cape rockjumper Chaetops frenatus, whose population declines correlate with warming habitat. Our aim was to determine whether rockjumper reproductive success could be affected by high air temperatures. We set up video cameras on nests at three nestling age classes (≤ 7 days old; 8–12 days old; ≥ 13 days old) for 8 hours on 37 separate days.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

How art-as-therapy supports participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia : a phenomenological investigation

  • Authors: Mitchell, Julia L G
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Schizophrenia -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Case studies , Art Therapy , Art Therapy -- South Africa -- Case studies , Stormberg Hospital (Eastern Cape, South Africa)
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172157 , vital:42171 , 10.21504/10962/172157
  • Description: Although art therapy is recommended in management programmes for individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, calls have been made for more detailed explanations as to how artmaking is working. This study responds to those calls by considering the artmaking experiences of 15 mental health users with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, resident at a forensic, mental health facility in South Africa. A phenomenological approach was chosen because of its focus on lived experiences, suited to explore the embodied and pre-reflective experience of studio-based artmaking. Dialogical and narrative understandings were subsequently incorporated to account for more reflective aspects of the artmaking experience. Two main participant descriptions of artmaking, centring on feeling at home and on doing something meaningful, guided the phenomenological lifeworld method in analysing the data (interviews, artworks and field observations in art groups and exhibitions), along selected dimensions of lived experience, namely embodiment, temporality, spatiality, sociality and selfhood. These findings lend support to new phenomenological research which suggests that artmaking intersects with disrupted abilities for perceptual engagement underlying manifestations of schizophrenia symptomology. This research supports assertions that artmaking has the potential to support the minimal sense of self and expand possibilities for renewed embodied and more reflective meaning-making. Explanations of findings centred around the distinct artistic style of each participant, as well as their artworks which revealed individual lifeworlds including a variety of self-positions. The inherent properties of the completed artworks also provided possibilities for renewed experiences of sociality. Additional support for the findings is drawn from recent research in the fields of early neurodevelopmental trauma, and trauma research findings within the art therapy field.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

How digital finance affects poverty: The transmission mechanism view

  • Authors: Dube, Ziphozethu , Simatele, Munacinga C , Khumalo, Sibanisezwe A
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/470622 , vital:77379 , ISBN 9781776341818 , hhttps://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/53907
  • Description: Financial inclusion has been noted as a key driver of poverty alleviation and growth. Yet, most of the scholarly work that exists lacks a comprehensive discussion of how the poor interact with financial services and the channels through which such services can affect their livelihoods. This book offers researchers who focus on financial inclusion and African economies a one stop resource for understanding the channels of transmission for financial inclusion as well as an application of these channels through original country specific empirical papers. The book provides a back-to-basics presentation of the transmission of financial services to growth and poverty. This theoretical discussion is complemented by an empirical presentation of the various services used by the poor, with a focus on Africa. Case studies of financial inclusion in six African countries cover a broad range of topics most important to African countries and highlight the unique African setting. These empirical papers provide important learning points. Firstly, hybrid financial institutions such as cooperative financial institutions and financial social entrepreneurs are the best way to increase financial inclusion in Africa. They provide important vehicles to circumventing the restrictive and exclusive bank-based financial markets typical of African economies. Secondly, digital finance is a potent tool in improving financial access and usage in Africa, and its impact on poverty operates through both traditional and nontraditional financial instruments. Thirdly, investment in infrastructure which supports complementary markets is critical and is likely to have a greater effect on credit rationing than direct provision of credit to small businesses.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

How people foraging in urban greenspace can mobilize social–ecological resilience during Covid-19 and beyond

  • Authors: Sardeshpande, Mallika , Hurley, Patrick T , Mollee, Eefke , Garekae, Hesekia , Dahlberg, Annika C , Emery, Marla R , Shackleton, Charlie M
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/402313 , vital:69841 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.686254"
  • Description: Informal foraging for food and other natural materials in urban greenspaces is an activity undertaken by many across the world. For some, foraging is a necessary means of survival and livelihood, while for others, it provides cultural and recreational opportunities. In the socioeconomic crises induced by Covid-19, foraging can help communities, especially (but not exclusively) vulnerable people, cope with the impacts of lockdowns, and associated economic decline. In the long run, foraging can help improve social–ecological resilience in urban systems, particularly in response to climate, economic, and disease disruptions. First, we elaborate the ways in which urban foraging can provide immediate relief from the shocks to natural, human, social, physical, and financial capital. We then describe how over time, the livelihood, food, and income diversification brought about by foraging can contribute to preparedness for future uncertainties and gradual change. Cities are increasingly becoming home to the majority of humanity, and urban foraging can be one of the pathways that makes cities more liveable, for humans as well as other species we coexist with. Through the capitals framework, we explore the role foraging could play in addressing issues of biodiversity conservation, culture, and education, good governance and social justice, multifunctional greenspace, and sustainable nature-based livelihoods in urban areas.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

How the leaders of an Eastern Cape development agency experienced a transition from specialist roles to the leadership roles and how this shaped their leadership identity

  • Authors: Mbokoma, Noxolo Patricia
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Economic development projects -- Managemenat -- South Africa -- Case studies , Organizational change -- South Africa -- Case studies , Organizational behavior -- South Africa -- Case studies , Leadership -- South Africa -- Case studies
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/171997 , vital:42147
  • Description: This study sought to investigate the experiences of leaders involved in a transition from specialist role to leadership role at the Eastern Cape Development Agency, South Africa. A qualitative case study within a constructivist paradigm was adopted. Bridges’ (1991) theory of transition was used in this study to understand and analyse the process of transition in this study. The study used purposive sampling technique, where six leaders were selected and interviewed. The data was analysed through inductive and content analysis techniques. The findings are presented thematically and supported with participants verbatim. The study established that as specialists transition to leadership roles they experience lack of role clarity, stress (role strain), resistance, inadequate support, shock, increased work load (role strain) and role conflict. These experiences influence on their role identity, expertise, peer relationships and financial status. The study also established that for smooth and successful transition, consultation, participation, proper succession planning, and training is vitally important. This was necessary to ease the tension between management, leadership, specialist responsibilities, and resistance from specialists. The study recommends adequate support and preparation in all stages of transition to ensure that the organization benefits from the transition.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

Human Papilloma Virus infection and cervical cancer among women who sell sex in Eastern and Southern Africa: A scoping review

  • Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Reynolds, John H
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441228 , vital:73868 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211058349"
  • Description: Women who sell sex have a high prevalence of human papilloma virus, which may cause cervical cancer. The objective of this review was to collate findings on prevalence, associated factors, screening, service provision and utilization of services in relation to human papilloma virus and cervical cancer among women who sell sex in Eastern and Southern Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

igqirha

  • Authors: Berold, Robert
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , poem
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/468929 , vital:77142 , ISBN 0028-4459 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/ejc-iseacoin_v57_n2_a6
  • Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

Imiba edinga ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kuguqulelo loncwadi lwabantwana Pertinent issues in translation of children's literature

  • Authors: Madolo, Yolisa
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Children Xhosa Children, Black, in literature Article
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6990 , vital:52635 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2021.1974903"
  • Description: Amagqabantshintshi Ukuguqulela uncwadi lwabantwana kudinga ingcali engapheleli nje ekujongeni ukuvelisa umyalezo wolwimi lwentsusa ngolwimi ekusiwa kulo; koko eza kuwuvelisa ngendlela eyamkelekileyo kubalesi bolu lwimi kusiwa kulo. Abo balesi ngabantwana ke kule meko. Ithiyori yeSikoposi icebisa ukuba umguqulelimbhali aqiniseke ngokufezekisa injongo yoguqulelo kwakunye nokwaneza abantu abaza kuyilesa loo nguqulelo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile ezicetyiswayo kule thiyori nakwezinye iithiyori ezijonge ukuvelisa inguqulelo efundeka njengeyoqobo kulwimi ekusiwa kulo. Umphandi usebenzise le thiyori yeSikoposi ukuphicotha iincwadi zabantwana eziguqulelwe zasuswa esiNgesini zasiwa esiXhoseni. Ekuphicotheni kwakhe ezi ncwadi ubhaqe iimpazamo ezithile ezinokuwethisa umdla womntwana ekufundeni incwadi enjalo. Kweli nqaku kucaciswa ezi mpazamo zifumanisekileyo kunye neendlela ezinokuphetshwa ngazo. Umphandi ufumanise ukuba zikhona iimpazamo ezenzeka kuba umguqulelimbhali elandela ulwimi lwentsusa, zikwakhona nezo zibangelwa kukungalandeli imigaqo yentetho yolwimi ekusiwa kulo. Ezinye iimpazamo sezendele kangangokuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye abaguqulelibabhali abasazithathi njengeempazamo kubhalo lwabo. Enye yezinto ezicetyiswayo kukuba umguqulelimbhali aqiniseke ukuba uyayifundisisa inguqulelo yakhe ukuyigqiba kwakhe, phambi kokuba ayidlulisele kumhleli nomjongizimpazamo. Abstract Translation of children’s literature needs an artist who not only aims at producing the source language message in the target language, but will produce it in an appropriate manner and language to the target audience. In this case, the audience is children. The Skopos theory maintains that the translator needs to ensure that they fulfil the translation aim and the expectations of the target reader. This can only happen by using various strategies suggested by this and other functional equivalence theories. The researcher has used the Skopos theory to critically analyse children’s texts translated from English into isiXhosa. In the critique, the researcher noticed some errors in the translations, which may end up discouraging the child reader from reading such texts. This article explains the errors found in the texts and how they could be averted. The findings were that there are errors that happen because the translator is faithful to the source language, while there are others that are caused by nonconformity to the target language conventions. Some of these errors are so common in isiXhosa that it is possible that they are no longer considered errors by the translators. One of the recommendations is for the translator to reread the translation before they forward it to the editor and proofreader.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

Immigrant trade in Wood crafts Stones and Beads in Cape Towns Craft Markets South Africa A Critical Review

  • Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Markets Immigrants Article
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8121 , vital:61397 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/immigrant-trade-in-wood-crafts-stones-and-beads-in-cape-towns-craft-markets-south-africa-a-critical-review-10257.html"
  • Description: Although extensive studies and investigations exist within provincial and national spheres of the craft making and trading sector in South Africa, most of these investigations have aimed to conceptualise craft and the identification of the obstacles, as well as the demurred in the craft industry as whole. However, not much is known about immigrant traders in the African craft market. The objective of this study was to investigate the process involves in the manufacturing and trading of woodcraft, stones carving and beads stores owned by immigrant traders. The study utilised a desk methodology to review literature in Green Market Square, Stellenbosch Craft markets, Hout Bay Craft Market and Franschhoek Craft market. The findings revealed that the art of wood carving uses cutting tools to make wooden figures, ornamental objects and sculptures. The beads are made of fine glass, broken and unusable bottles and other varieties of scrap glass. The finding also revealed that most craft businesses are seasonal the markets do not have shades and unpredictable weather pattern in Cape Town is also a problem, which limits growth prospects.The study recommended that policy makers should developed these markets.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

Impact of axial ligation on photophysical and photodynamic antimicrobial properties of indium (III) methylsulfanylphenyl porphyrin complexes linked to silver-capped copper ferrite magnetic nanoparticles

  • Authors: Makola, Collen L , Nyokong, Tebello , Amuhaya, Edith K
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/185942 , vital:44450 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2020.114882"
  • Description: Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a well-known technique used against bacteria that have developed resistance towards antibiotics. We herein report the synthesis, photophysical properties, and PACT activity of 2-hydroxypyridine axial ligated indium 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-phenylmethylthio) porphyrin (3) and quaternized 2-hydroxypyridine axial ligated indium 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-phenylmethylthio) porphyrin (4). The porphyrin complexes (3 and 4) were further linked to oleyamine (OLM)/oleic acid (OLA) capped Ag/CuFe2O4 and also 6-mercapto-1-hexanol functionalized (MCH-Ag/CuFe2O4) nanoparticles through silver - sulphur (Ag-S) and silver-nitrogen (Ag-N); self-assembly. The PACT studies were carried out using Staphylococcus aureus. While all the synthesized porphyrins demonstrated PACT activity, the quaternized complex and its conjugate showed the highest PACT activity with 0% cell viability after irradiation for 25 min, resulting in a log reduction of 8.31.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

Implementing a Content-Based Routing Framework for Application Integration on to Teleweaver Application Server

  • Authors: Ngwenya, Sikhumbuzo , Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Terzoli, Alfredo
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430580 , vital:72701 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9576969
  • Description: This paper presents an architectural overview of content-based dynam-ic routing for integrating applications on to an application server named TeleWeaver, a middleware platform developed within Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL). SLL is an ICT4D project in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. TeleWeaver was created as a mediation layer between software systems developed for use by beneficiaries of the Siyakhula Living Lab. The main challenge with these disparate systems was that they had unnecessary, redundant components; TeleWeaver acts as a common platform that suits the development of many services such as eGovernment, eHealth, and eJudiciary.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

Implications of static and dynamic effects of economic integration for investment inflows and outflows using theories on industrial location: A theoretical debate

  • Authors: Mutambara, Tsitsi E
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473143 , vital:77610 , https://ijbel.com/previous-issues/april-june-and-august-2021/vol-24-august-2021-issue-6/
  • Description: Both the static and dynamic effects of economic integration have implications for investment inflows into a regional group, as well as relocation of investment by firms already domiciled in the regional group. Therefore, economic integration theory has become increasingly concerned about the locational effects of economic integration arrangements, thus giving rise to the growing interest by trade theorists in the importance of geography. New models of trade which incorporate factor mobility, external economies of scale and product competition, have established the importance of location in the analysis of the effects of economic integration arrangements. This research article therefore seeks to examine the implications of economic integration for industry location given the various theoretical debates with regard to locational choices of industries. This is done by reviewing theoretical arguments based on the Traditional theory of industrial location, the Marshallian theory, the theory of New economic geography, Weber’s theory and Dunning’s ownership, location and internalisation (OLI) theory. Arguments are thus presented to illustrate and explain how the static and dynamic effects of economic integration motivate industry location by creating the locational factors which the respective industry location theories present as key determinants for industry location. By examining the interplay between the key locational factors in the various theories and the static and dynamic effect of economic integration, this study shows that by viewing the theories of industrial location theories separately, each theory alone cannot answer adequately the question of industrial location and even agglomeration, despite highlighting and clarifying relevant factors. Therefore, the various theories must be integrated in order to understand the dynamics with which economic integration has implications for investment flows.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

In marketing, it’s either you have it or you don’t : a study of knowledge and knowers legitimated in the marketing diploma curriculum in South Africa

  • Authors: Ncube, Kevin
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Marketing -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- Curricula , Marketing -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa , Vocational qualifications -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/172230 , vital:42178 , 10.21504/10962/172230
  • Description: This study was undertaken in the South African higher education system in which the differentiation of institutions still reflects racial inequalities from the country’s history of colonial apartheid. As an educator in an institutional type referred to as Universities of Technology, I had become increasingly concerned about who succeeds, how they succeed, who fails, and who drops out. The South Africa education system broadly suffers from low student retention and high drop out with lower success rates mostly affecting Black students. By the end of apartheid in 1994, Black students had been entering Technikons en masse and were the dominant student group in these institutions which changed designation to Universities of Technology in 2005. Technikons offered programmes with a stronger technological and vocational orientation focusing on qualifications directly linked to the job market. They did not offer postgraduate programmes and today, Universities of Technology still produce little research. These institutions also battle with a far lower throughput rate than Traditional Universities and a higher graduate unemployment rate. This has led to a call for better theorised accounts of applied knowledge to replace unhelpful common-sense understandings. There was thus a call in the literature for studies, such as this one, that focused on the nature of knowledge in a diploma curriculum. Furthermore, the field of Marketing is under-researched. The field of Marketing has been characterised as having a weak theoretical foundation and as appropriating knowledge from other fields without growth of the field per se. In Marketing, importance is placed on the possession of a broad spectrum of general knowledge, rather than specialised accounts of the field. The study sought to examine the following research questions: 1) What kind of knowledge is privileged in the Marketing diploma? 2) How does the positioning of actors in the field of Marketing education impact on the choice and structure of knowledge privileged in the curriculum? The study was undertaken mainly through the use of interviews to explore academics’ perspectives on what is valued in the Marketing curriculum. Thirty-one academics from 11 institutions participated in the study. I also analysed course guides and other documentation related to the curriculum. The study analysed the organising of knowledge in the Marketing curriculum. To do this, the study drew on Legitimation Code Theory and in particular the tools of Specialisation and Semantics. These tools allowed the analysis of data to establish the basis on which it is specialised from other fields and the extent to which the field is contextually or conceptually coherent. The data demonstrated that academics who lecture in Marketing entered Marketing education from a diverse range of disciplines. The data also confirmed, in line with the literature, that the field of Marketing draws from multiple disciplines and fields for the purposes of serving the world of work. In Bernsteinian terms the nature of the Marketing curriculum is identified as a ‘region’. However, the data also demonstrated that the field of Marketing serves a heterogenous world of work characterised by constant changes which do not seem to allow a stable development of the field. The field of Marketing was thus portrayed as a region tending towards a generic, raising questions about the reliability of its knowledge base. The nature of generics often leads to an openness which is associated with instability, a weaker autonomy, and an inability to differentiate the field from others with further implications that knowledge in the curriculum is likely to be unsettled. One of the key findings was that while there was significant focus on knowledge, this was not the main basis on which success is achieved. Despite the ample evidence of knowledge in the Marketing curriculum, there was little agreement as to what constituted that knowledge, the actual nature of that knowledge was not settled, broadly agreed upon, nor particularly complex, drawing as it did on ‘everyday’ understandings of the world. The data revealed that there was little evidence that the knowledge was particularly specialised nor that it allowed for cumulative acquisition of ‘powerful knowledge’. Rather, the knowledges in the field of Marketing were characterised by a horizontal knowledge structure consisting of a set of languages acquired separately. The knowledges were based on different and sometimes even contradictory assumptions and thus presented few opportunities to integrate previous theories to build a more powerful knowledge structure. The knowledges tended to be context specific as opposed to being abstract or conceptual. There are social justice implications for fields in which the acquirer is only afforded context specific knowledges and as such has to acquire an endless series of low-level knowledges. They are not given access to powerful knowledge characterised by induction into a system of meaning which enables a more meaningful engagement with the complex world and thinking the not yet thought. In such instances, the education arguably does not provide access to the kind of specialised knowledge which allows for powerful meaning making in the world. The study calls for a strengthening of the epistemic spine of the Marketing diploma to provide access to more abstract, principled knowledge. A major finding was that most of the lecturers’ responses focused on the need for being a particular kind of knower to be successful in Marketing. The kind of person valued in Marketing was portrayed as possessing a particular personality and natural talent which were rarely seen as dependent on the knowledge acquired during the diploma, but rather on the dispositions that students brought. The respondents also mostly raised concerns that most of the students enrolled in Marketing did not to have the requisite ‘Marketing personalities’. Students were expected to be from a particular social class intimated through reference to their backgrounds, the schools they went to, their access to technologies, and the geographical regions they came from. They were expected to bring a particular language competency. Social class and language were arguably also used as coded reference to racial category, and this was more explicitly indicated by some respondents. The dominance of the knower in the data revealed that in Marketing, “you either have it or you don’t” indicating a strong view that Marketers are born with the necessary inherent characteristics of “confidence and people-skills” or belong to the social group that develops them. The implications were that if you do not have it, there is nothing one can do to get . This particular finding raises serious social justice issues on access and success in Marketing. If there is nothing that can be done to develop these characteristics, allowing such people into Marketing is setting them up for failure. On the other hand, denying access based on birth and social grouping raises concerns of the justice in the societies we live in. The study calls for an explicit engagement with the assumptions about the knower’s dispositions. While it was consistently evident that such dispositions were key to the specialisation of the field, the assumption that students either had these dispositions or lacked them is a social injustice and raises a number of unanswerable and painful questions given the racially differentiated success rates. The study concludes by calling for academics to explicitly curriculate for the target dispositions so that students are exposed to the value of these dispositions and given opportunities to engage with them.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

In vitro cytotoxic effects of chemical constituents of Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc against breast cancer cells

  • Authors: Kemboi, Douglas , Peter, Xolani , Langat, Moses K , Mhlanga, Richwell , Vukea, Nyeleti , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Siwe-Noundou, Xavier , Krause, Rui W M , Tembu, Vuyelwa J
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191747 , vital:45160 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01002"
  • Description: Euphorbia grandicornis Blanc is widely utilized in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments including body pains associated with skin irritations, inflammation, and snake or scorpion bites. Compounds from E. grandicornis were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, NMR, IR, MS, and melting points and alongside the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines. The root extract afforded known, β-glutinol (1), β-amyrin (2), 24-methylenetirucalla-8-en-3β-ol (3), tirucalla-8,25-diene-3β,24R-diol (4), stigmasterol (5), sitosterol (6), and hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) based on their NMR spectroscopic data for the first report in E. grandicornis. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for anticancer activities against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70), and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial (MCF-12A) cell lines. The CH2Cl2 extract exhibited potent, cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells. The aerial extract exhibited IC50 values of 1.03, 0.301, and 1.68 µg/mL, and root extract displayed IC50 values of 0.83, 0.83 and 3.98 µg/mL against MCF-7, HCC70, and MCF-12A cells respectively. The root extract thus showed selectivity for the cancer cell lines over the non-cancerous control cell line (SI = 4.80). Hexyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (7) showed significant activity with IC50 values of 23.41, 29.45 and 27.01 µM against MCF-7, HCC70 and MCF-12A cells respectively, suggesting non-specific cytotoxicity.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

Inclusion as social justice: Nancy Fraser’s theory in the South African context

  • Authors: Musara, Ellison , Grant, Carolyn , Vorster, Jo-Anne E
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453493 , vital:75258 , ISBN 978-3-030-35858-7 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35858-7_107
  • Description: Current research suggests that the meaning of inclusion and social justice is still widely contested despite the seeming global acceptance of these educational reforms in most nations. While inclusion and social justice policies are now prevalent in many countries, these concepts bear discussion because they remain elusive and thus subject to numerous interpretations. This chapter reports on conceptualizations of inclusion and social justice in the South African context by authors who live and work in South Africa. They critically examine the concept of inclusion using American critical theorist-feminist Nancy Fraser’s social justice framework. The authors demonstrate how this substantive theory of justice usefully provides conceptual tools for understanding inequalities and inequities in education. An analysis is presented of inclusion as social justice and demonstrates what it looks like in the real-life practice of a South African case. Educators will find conceptual tools aimed at creating meaningful interventions in the areas of inclusion, equity, and social justice that support diverse learners with wide-ranging needs.
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  • Date Issued: 2021

Industry 4.0 and Skills Deficiencies in the HRM Function: Case Study of the HRM Department of a selected organisation in Cape Town

  • Authors: Asoba, Samson Nambei , Patricia, Nteboheng Mefi
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Personel Management Industry 4.0 Article
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/8095 , vital:61395 , xlink:href="https://www.abacademies.org/articles/industry-40-and-skills-deficiencies-in-the-hrm-function-case-study-of-the-hrm-department-of-a-selected-organization-in-cape-town-10664.html"
  • Description: The study was formulated to tap into the future of HRM given the disruptions arising from the Covid-119 pandemic as well as the progression of the global technological environment to the fourth industrial revolution. The aim of the study was to: the Covid-19 induced HRM practices underpinning future organizational competitiveness. A literature review strategy was adopted to achieve the study objective. The study established seven emerging themes to inform HRM practices for the competitiveness of organizations in future following the Covid-19 disturbances. These themes are: primacy of HRM, increased cyber influences, digitalization, remote HRM, human-machine interface skills, human-organisation strategic links as well as human-technology interface competencies. Based on the study findings, the study recommended HRM departments to move to HR 4.0 through the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies, increased automation, and digitalization as well as strengthen virtualization systems.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021

Infant health: a community-based assessment and educational intervention in two rural communities in the Eastern Cape.

  • Authors: Kuzeeko, Faith
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Angus Gillis Foundation (South Africa) , Infants -- Mortality -- South Africa , Infants -- Health and hygiene -- South Africa , Breastfeeding -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Infants -- Care -- Equipment and supplies , Infants -- Care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Case studies , Children -- Mortality -- South Africa , High throughput screening (Drug development)
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MPharm
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170837 , vital:41964
  • Description: South Africa is on track to attaining the 2030 Agenda on reducing under-five deaths to 25 deaths per 1000 live births at its current momentum, however an unacceptable amount of infants are still at risk from preventable illnesses. Malnutrition is the major underlined cause of infant mortality rates in South Africa. Exclusive breastfeeding rates are low nationwide due to low exposure to breastfeeding information, some mothers having other commitments and others having breastfeeding difficulties. Implementation and expansion of simple, cost-effective interventions, such as exclusive breastfeeding for six months to reduce and/or prevent infant mortality rates, remains low in South Africa. The aim of the study was to determine one infant health issue of major concern to participants in two rural villages in the Eastern Cape, namely Glenmore and Ndwayana. The identified infant health issue was used to design an educational intervention in the villages. This was the second phase of this study. A community-based participatory approach was utilized in which the Angus Gillis Foundation, a non-profit organization that works in these communities, was one of the stakeholders. Stock status of WHO priority medicines for infants, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were carried out during the baseline study. The intervention phase contained pre-2 intervention semi-structured interviews with ten pregnant women followed by an educational intervention with nine out of the ten; and finally, a post-intervention with seven out of the ten women. A questionnaire was completed by members of the Angus Gillis Foundation to provide feedback on the sustainability of the intervention. Semi-structured interviews revealed that medicines stocked at the clinic parallel those indicated in the WHO priority medicines list for infants. The results from the focus group discussions indicated that mothers do not exclusively breastfeed their infants during the first six months. Pre- and post-intervention results on exclusive breastfeeding illustrated a positive change in participants’ knowledge and intent to breastfeed exclusively for six months. They showed a better understanding of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and indicated a more focussed intention and confidence to carry out optimal breastfeeding practices. In the questionnaire the members of the Angus Gillis Foundation stated that the intervention is sustainable as it was linked with the existing networks. These include educational programs carried out in the villages by the foundation together with positive health champions, community health workers and women self-help groups; which will be able to build on the present knowledge base. Finally, the study also included the design of a booklet on the identified infant health issue. In conclusion, participants highlighted lack of understanding regarding breastfeeding as an issue of concern during the baseline phase of the study. This community-based educational intervention improved the understanding of breastfeeding among the participants, resulting in a positive change in perception with regards to exclusive breastfeeding practices.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021

Institutionalised business incubation: a frontier for accelerating entrepreneurship in African countries

  • Authors: Lose, Thobekani
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Economic indicators , Economic growth , Business incubators
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7405 , vital:53977 , https://www.abacademies.org/articles/institutionalised-business-incubation-a-frontier-for-accelerating-entrepreneurship-in-african-countries-9989.html
  • Description: Africa is a growing hub for small, medium and large enterprise. This paper attempts to cement the need to create business incubation institutions in South Africa (as well as in other African countries) so as to promote a superior entrepreneurial ecosystem for economic growth. The Africa of tomorrow needs solutions that last and one key component is the progress of entrepreneurship as an employment strategy, an innovation and creativity platform, and a key economic factor. This study employs a narrative overview of literature to explore an institutionalised business incubation concept as a frontier for accelerating entrepreneurship in African countries. The study found that the need for institutionalised business incubation has become pervasive for superior entrepreneurial ecosystems across economies. The study recommends that central governments need to promote the development of local, regional and national institutions for the strong development of incubation as well as entrepreneurship.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021

Interaction of silver nanoparticles with catechol O-methyltransferase: Spectroscopic and simulation analyses

  • Authors: Usman, Aminu , Lobb, Kevin A , Pletschke, Brett I , Whiteley, Christopher G , Wilhelmi, Brendan S
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/451095 , vital:75018 , xlink:href=" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101013"
  • Description: Catechol O-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of catechol containing compounds, catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group between S-adenosylmethionine and the hydroxyl groups of the catechol. Furthermore it is considered a potential drug target for Parkinson’s disease as it metabolizes the drug levodopa. Consequently inhibitors of the enzyme would increase levels of levodopa. In this study, absorption, fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy as well as computational simulation studies investigated human soluble catechol Omethyltransferase interaction with silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles form a corona with the enzyme and quenches the fluorescence of Trp143. This amino acid maintains the correct structural orientation for the catechol ring during catalysis through a static mechanism supported by a non-fluorescent fluorophore–nanoparticle complex. The enzyme has one binding site for AgNPs in a thermodynamically spontaneous binding driven by electrostatic interactions as confirmed by negative ΔG and ΔH and positive ΔS values. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy within the amide I region of the enzyme indicated that the interaction causes relaxation of its β− structures, while simulation studies indicated the involvement of six polar amino acids. These findings suggest AgNPs influence the catalytic activity of catechol O-methyltransferase, and therefore have potential in controlling the activity of the enzyme.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021

Interviews and surveys

  • Authors: Shackleton, Sheona E , Bezerra, Joana C , Cockburn, Jessica J , Reed, Maureen G , Abu, Razak
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book chapter
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433914 , vital:73009 , ISBN 9781000401516 , https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/49560
  • Description: This chapter is closely related to the following approaches and methods in this handbook: systems scoping (Chapter 5), participatory data collection (Chapter 8), facilitated dialogues (Chapter 9), futures analysis (Chapter 10), qualitative content analysis (Chapter 19), comparative case study analysis (Chapter 20), institutional analysis (Chapter 22), network analysis (Chapter 23), spatial mapping and analysis (Chapter 24), historical assessment (Chapter 25), and livelihood and vulnerability analysis (Chapter 32).
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2021
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