Elucidation of the roles of the carbonic anhydrase enzymes, CanA & CanB, in the physiology of Mycobacterium smegmatis
- Authors: Jackson, Gabriella Teresa
- Date: 2024-04-04
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435299 , vital:73145
- Description: The bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) and one of the leading infectious causes of death globally. The success of Mtb as a pathogen depends on its ability to detect and respond to a variety of physical and chemical stresses it encounters during infection of its human host. These environmental stresses include shifts in temperature, oxygen concentration, osmolarity and nutrient availability. Mtb is, in addition, exposed to changes in pH and CO2 concentration in the intracellular and extracellular environments it inhabits, which the bacterium has to adapt to in order to ensure its growth, survival and/or persistence during infection. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a widely distributed family of enzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate (HCO3−) in the reaction: CO2 + H2O ⇄ HCO3− + H+. In microbes, CA activity is important for the activity of enzymes involved in carbon fixation as well as for maintaining pH homeostasis. Mtb is known to express three CAs, encoded by the Rv3588c, Rv1284 and Rv3273 genes (canA, canB and canC, respectively). The role(s) of these CA enzymes in the physiology of Mtb and other mycobacterial species, such as Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm), has not been elucidated to date. To gain insights into the function of the CanA and CanB enzymes in mycobacterial species, we generated both canA and canB knockdown (KD) and knockout (KO) mutants in the fast-growing mycobacterial species, Msm, and analysed their growth phenotypes under several growth conditions where CA activity is known to be required. Notably, Msm lacks the CanC homologue, which makes it an ideal surrogate to focus on CanA and CanB. The Msm canA KD mutant was found to display a growth defect following anhydrotetracycline (ATc)-mediated gene silencing at atmospheric (low) CO2 concentrations [~0.035% CO2 (v/v)]. The growth defect could be rescued by incubating cells at physiological (high) CO2 concentrations [~5% CO2 (v/v)] or by supplementing the growth media with either HCO3− or the metabolic end-products of certain HCO3−-dependent-carboxylase enzymes at low CO2 concentrations. The ability of these compounds to rescue the growth of the canA KD mutants was, however, dependent on the extent of ATc-mediated gene silencing, suggesting that the canA gene is required for Msm growth at both low and high CO2 concentrations. This was confirmed by our findings that canA could only be genetically inactivated when a second copy of the gene was provided on the chromosome in trans, regardless of the CO2 concentration used. In contrast to our observations for canA, no differences in the growth phenotypes of the Msm wild type (WT) and canB KD or knockout (KO) mutant strains were observed following silencing or inactivation of the canB gene at either low or high CO2 concentrations or different pH values. These observations suggest that, in contrast to canA, the canB gene is dispensable for the growth of Msm under standard laboratory growth conditions. The canB KO mutant strain, nevertheless, displayed a slight decrease in its ability to form biofilms when compared to the WT strain, which could be restored by genetic complementation. CanB activity may, therefore, be required to promote bacterial growth and/or survival under biofilm conditions where CO2 diffusion into cells is limited, a phenomenon that has recently been observed in other microbes. Further studies are required to confirm the role of CanB in biofilm formation and to determine how the different CA enzymes cooperate to promote the growth and survival of mycobacterial species in the various environments they are known to inhabit. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-04
- Authors: Jackson, Gabriella Teresa
- Date: 2024-04-04
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435299 , vital:73145
- Description: The bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) and one of the leading infectious causes of death globally. The success of Mtb as a pathogen depends on its ability to detect and respond to a variety of physical and chemical stresses it encounters during infection of its human host. These environmental stresses include shifts in temperature, oxygen concentration, osmolarity and nutrient availability. Mtb is, in addition, exposed to changes in pH and CO2 concentration in the intracellular and extracellular environments it inhabits, which the bacterium has to adapt to in order to ensure its growth, survival and/or persistence during infection. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a widely distributed family of enzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to bicarbonate (HCO3−) in the reaction: CO2 + H2O ⇄ HCO3− + H+. In microbes, CA activity is important for the activity of enzymes involved in carbon fixation as well as for maintaining pH homeostasis. Mtb is known to express three CAs, encoded by the Rv3588c, Rv1284 and Rv3273 genes (canA, canB and canC, respectively). The role(s) of these CA enzymes in the physiology of Mtb and other mycobacterial species, such as Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm), has not been elucidated to date. To gain insights into the function of the CanA and CanB enzymes in mycobacterial species, we generated both canA and canB knockdown (KD) and knockout (KO) mutants in the fast-growing mycobacterial species, Msm, and analysed their growth phenotypes under several growth conditions where CA activity is known to be required. Notably, Msm lacks the CanC homologue, which makes it an ideal surrogate to focus on CanA and CanB. The Msm canA KD mutant was found to display a growth defect following anhydrotetracycline (ATc)-mediated gene silencing at atmospheric (low) CO2 concentrations [~0.035% CO2 (v/v)]. The growth defect could be rescued by incubating cells at physiological (high) CO2 concentrations [~5% CO2 (v/v)] or by supplementing the growth media with either HCO3− or the metabolic end-products of certain HCO3−-dependent-carboxylase enzymes at low CO2 concentrations. The ability of these compounds to rescue the growth of the canA KD mutants was, however, dependent on the extent of ATc-mediated gene silencing, suggesting that the canA gene is required for Msm growth at both low and high CO2 concentrations. This was confirmed by our findings that canA could only be genetically inactivated when a second copy of the gene was provided on the chromosome in trans, regardless of the CO2 concentration used. In contrast to our observations for canA, no differences in the growth phenotypes of the Msm wild type (WT) and canB KD or knockout (KO) mutant strains were observed following silencing or inactivation of the canB gene at either low or high CO2 concentrations or different pH values. These observations suggest that, in contrast to canA, the canB gene is dispensable for the growth of Msm under standard laboratory growth conditions. The canB KO mutant strain, nevertheless, displayed a slight decrease in its ability to form biofilms when compared to the WT strain, which could be restored by genetic complementation. CanB activity may, therefore, be required to promote bacterial growth and/or survival under biofilm conditions where CO2 diffusion into cells is limited, a phenomenon that has recently been observed in other microbes. Further studies are required to confirm the role of CanB in biofilm formation and to determine how the different CA enzymes cooperate to promote the growth and survival of mycobacterial species in the various environments they are known to inhabit. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-04
Psychobiographical study of Daisy De Melker
- Authors: Moodley, Kerisha
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Psychobiographical study , Antisocial , Personality dynamics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62913 , vital:73067
- Description: Daisy Louisa C. de Melker, born on 1 June 1886, was a qualified nurse who is famously known to have poisoned two husbands with strychnine in order to receive life insurance money while living in Turffontein, Johannesburg. Later on, she poisoned her only son with arsenic for reasons which are still unclear, and he passed away soon after. She is notoriously known in history to be the second woman to have been hanged in South Africa due to receiving the death penalty. The primary aim of the study is to explore the life of de Melker to gain an understanding of her personality development, with the aim of acquiring insight into the motivation behind her behaviour. The secondary aim includes exploring apparent Cluster B personality traits. The study is exploratory-descriptive in nature and the subject was chosen through purposive sampling. The study uses a qualitative, psycho-biographical, single-case research design to study De Melker, in order to explore and describe the personality development of her from the theoretical perspectives of Kernberg’s Object Relations Theory. This specific theory was chosen as it allowed the researcher to explore Daisy de Melker’s early childhood and upbringing that impacted the formation of ‘internal representations’ of herself and other people. The theory suggests that when there is a lack of integration of object relations, which is made up of internal and external representations, it may result in the development of a personality disorder, as it places a focus on relationships being more crucial to personality development than individual drives and abilities. Data was collected by triangulating multiple sources of information. Miles and Huberman’s (1994) strategy were used to analyse the data according to three steps, which include data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The significance of doing a psychobiography study lies in merging of personality psychology and historical evidence which represents a growing field in the realm of biography and provides insight into personality development through a theoretical framework. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science. 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Moodley, Kerisha
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Psychobiographical study , Antisocial , Personality dynamics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62913 , vital:73067
- Description: Daisy Louisa C. de Melker, born on 1 June 1886, was a qualified nurse who is famously known to have poisoned two husbands with strychnine in order to receive life insurance money while living in Turffontein, Johannesburg. Later on, she poisoned her only son with arsenic for reasons which are still unclear, and he passed away soon after. She is notoriously known in history to be the second woman to have been hanged in South Africa due to receiving the death penalty. The primary aim of the study is to explore the life of de Melker to gain an understanding of her personality development, with the aim of acquiring insight into the motivation behind her behaviour. The secondary aim includes exploring apparent Cluster B personality traits. The study is exploratory-descriptive in nature and the subject was chosen through purposive sampling. The study uses a qualitative, psycho-biographical, single-case research design to study De Melker, in order to explore and describe the personality development of her from the theoretical perspectives of Kernberg’s Object Relations Theory. This specific theory was chosen as it allowed the researcher to explore Daisy de Melker’s early childhood and upbringing that impacted the formation of ‘internal representations’ of herself and other people. The theory suggests that when there is a lack of integration of object relations, which is made up of internal and external representations, it may result in the development of a personality disorder, as it places a focus on relationships being more crucial to personality development than individual drives and abilities. Data was collected by triangulating multiple sources of information. Miles and Huberman’s (1994) strategy were used to analyse the data according to three steps, which include data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The significance of doing a psychobiography study lies in merging of personality psychology and historical evidence which represents a growing field in the realm of biography and provides insight into personality development through a theoretical framework. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science. 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
A second skin: investigating the role of dress in identity formation
- Featherstone, Juanito Romario
- Authors: Featherstone, Juanito Romario
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) in art , Clothing and dress in art , Clothing and dress Social aspects , Clothing and dress Psychological aspects , Self South Africa Makhanda
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425322 , vital:72229
- Description: This thesis is a secondary component to an artistic practice-led process and as such, is guided by my own artistic practice in that way. In this body of work, I use myself as the main character or protagonist for the artworks that I have created. However, both the thesis and the exhibition also respond to social issues of identity beyond the personal and examines the construction of identity in a South African, and more specifically Makhanda context, as that is the larger context in which I am situated. The work itself is inspired by memories and experiences of feeling uncomfortable in my own (first) skin, and how I found that comfort in my second skin (dress). My professional art practice and my thesis are based on the concept of clothes as a second skin for human beings, specifically observing the ways in which we utilise dress to construct and express our identities. As such, this thesis is an attempt at understanding the relationship between clothes and the body through the lens of identity politics. Through the topics and artworks discussed in visual and textual analysis, this thesis intends to unpack the properties of dress as a complex medium individuals can utilise as a tool to construct their identity. This is partially achieved through the exploration of my own personal experiences of dress and of the spaces that shaped and mediated the construction of identity. Lastly, it is an attempt to understand the experiences of dress in parallel to the experience of the body/self, which consists of the world within and the one outside. , Thesis (MFA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Art, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Featherstone, Juanito Romario
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) in art , Clothing and dress in art , Clothing and dress Social aspects , Clothing and dress Psychological aspects , Self South Africa Makhanda
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425322 , vital:72229
- Description: This thesis is a secondary component to an artistic practice-led process and as such, is guided by my own artistic practice in that way. In this body of work, I use myself as the main character or protagonist for the artworks that I have created. However, both the thesis and the exhibition also respond to social issues of identity beyond the personal and examines the construction of identity in a South African, and more specifically Makhanda context, as that is the larger context in which I am situated. The work itself is inspired by memories and experiences of feeling uncomfortable in my own (first) skin, and how I found that comfort in my second skin (dress). My professional art practice and my thesis are based on the concept of clothes as a second skin for human beings, specifically observing the ways in which we utilise dress to construct and express our identities. As such, this thesis is an attempt at understanding the relationship between clothes and the body through the lens of identity politics. Through the topics and artworks discussed in visual and textual analysis, this thesis intends to unpack the properties of dress as a complex medium individuals can utilise as a tool to construct their identity. This is partially achieved through the exploration of my own personal experiences of dress and of the spaces that shaped and mediated the construction of identity. Lastly, it is an attempt to understand the experiences of dress in parallel to the experience of the body/self, which consists of the world within and the one outside. , Thesis (MFA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Fine Art, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Phonological awareness skills of emergent bilingual Rumanyo-English learners
- Authors: Karupu, Erwina Mushinga
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Phonological awareness , Grammar, Comparative and general Syllable , Phonemic awareness , Silent reading Ability testing , Diriku language , Emergent literacies
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425100 , vital:72210
- Description: This thesis is an account of a cross-sectional study which focused on investigating Phonological Awareness (PA) in emergent Rumanyo/English bilingual learners. PA and its contribution to reading fluency were investigated among 47 third grade learners with an average age of 9. 19, at a Namibian School, for which Rumanyo is the language of instruction and English, the first additional language. This cross-sectional study examines two levels of PA: Syllable awareness and phoneme awareness. Measures included three subtasks: identification, segmenting and deletion. Reading fluency was measured through oral reading fluency and silent reading. The findings suggest that learners’ levels of PA are still developing with learners performing better on syllable awareness measures than on phoneme awareness. Reading fluency results evince low levels of proficiency in Rumanyo and in English, an average level of proficiency was recorded. To determine the relationship between PA and reading fluency, a Correlation Matrix was run and followed later with a linear regression. The findings demonstrate that syllable awareness predicted reading fluency in Rumanyo, whilst phoneme awareness did not show any association and as such, the model fit did not show any relationship either. With regards to English, neither syllables nor phonemes were a predictor of reading fluency. The study further examined to what extent the phonology of Rumanyo transferred to English. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Karupu, Erwina Mushinga
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Phonological awareness , Grammar, Comparative and general Syllable , Phonemic awareness , Silent reading Ability testing , Diriku language , Emergent literacies
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425100 , vital:72210
- Description: This thesis is an account of a cross-sectional study which focused on investigating Phonological Awareness (PA) in emergent Rumanyo/English bilingual learners. PA and its contribution to reading fluency were investigated among 47 third grade learners with an average age of 9. 19, at a Namibian School, for which Rumanyo is the language of instruction and English, the first additional language. This cross-sectional study examines two levels of PA: Syllable awareness and phoneme awareness. Measures included three subtasks: identification, segmenting and deletion. Reading fluency was measured through oral reading fluency and silent reading. The findings suggest that learners’ levels of PA are still developing with learners performing better on syllable awareness measures than on phoneme awareness. Reading fluency results evince low levels of proficiency in Rumanyo and in English, an average level of proficiency was recorded. To determine the relationship between PA and reading fluency, a Correlation Matrix was run and followed later with a linear regression. The findings demonstrate that syllable awareness predicted reading fluency in Rumanyo, whilst phoneme awareness did not show any association and as such, the model fit did not show any relationship either. With regards to English, neither syllables nor phonemes were a predictor of reading fluency. The study further examined to what extent the phonology of Rumanyo transferred to English. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
The impacts of game farming on worker’s livelihoods: a case of a private game reserve in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Ngcoza, Nkosiphendule Mbasa
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Game reserves South Africa , Land use South Africa , Agriculture Economic aspects South Africa , Wildlife tourism , Rural development South Africa , Rural development Sociological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425182 , vital:72217
- Description: Land use shifts from commercial agricultural farming to game farming through wildlife tourism, has been prevalent in post-apartheid South Africa. Scholars have argued that wildlife tourism to be more profitable than other forms of commercial farming. As such, game farming has been promoted as a community-engaged vehicle for rural development through the creation of better employment opportunities. This study explored the implications of these shifts on the livelihoods of farm workers living on the game farms. Unlike labour tenants, farm workers who live on the private game, earn a wage. However, farm workers’ accommodation on the game farm is dependent on them being employed on the farm. The aim of the study was to explore the impacts of game farms on the livelihoods of farm workers since the shift from commercial agricultural practices to tourism services in the form of private game reserves. A case study research design was used to gather in-depth information about the multiple realities of the participants, not only about their employment relationships, but also their experiences living on the property on which they are employed. I collected data mainly through semi-structured interviews. I also collected and analysed company documents. The study adopted a Sustainable Livelihoods Framework as a theoretical schema to analyse the livelihood assets readily available to the farm dwellers and the various livelihood strategies they used to make ends meet. The findings of the study revealed that residing on the game farm, although it provided access to free accommodation, tended to pose several challenges to the workers, including i) exploitative employment structures and ii) insecure land rights. The findings also revealed human capital development initiatives mandated for employees were not formally documented. As a result, employees were confined in their current employment. Consequently, the study revealed that participants who had been employed by the game farm for over a decade showed little evidence of enhanced livelihoods. The livelihood strategies of the participants were their basic employment wage, the use of money borrowing systems through stokvels, and informal trading such as selling sweets and chips in the game reserve villages where other workers live with their families. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Ngcoza, Nkosiphendule Mbasa
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Game reserves South Africa , Land use South Africa , Agriculture Economic aspects South Africa , Wildlife tourism , Rural development South Africa , Rural development Sociological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425182 , vital:72217
- Description: Land use shifts from commercial agricultural farming to game farming through wildlife tourism, has been prevalent in post-apartheid South Africa. Scholars have argued that wildlife tourism to be more profitable than other forms of commercial farming. As such, game farming has been promoted as a community-engaged vehicle for rural development through the creation of better employment opportunities. This study explored the implications of these shifts on the livelihoods of farm workers living on the game farms. Unlike labour tenants, farm workers who live on the private game, earn a wage. However, farm workers’ accommodation on the game farm is dependent on them being employed on the farm. The aim of the study was to explore the impacts of game farms on the livelihoods of farm workers since the shift from commercial agricultural practices to tourism services in the form of private game reserves. A case study research design was used to gather in-depth information about the multiple realities of the participants, not only about their employment relationships, but also their experiences living on the property on which they are employed. I collected data mainly through semi-structured interviews. I also collected and analysed company documents. The study adopted a Sustainable Livelihoods Framework as a theoretical schema to analyse the livelihood assets readily available to the farm dwellers and the various livelihood strategies they used to make ends meet. The findings of the study revealed that residing on the game farm, although it provided access to free accommodation, tended to pose several challenges to the workers, including i) exploitative employment structures and ii) insecure land rights. The findings also revealed human capital development initiatives mandated for employees were not formally documented. As a result, employees were confined in their current employment. Consequently, the study revealed that participants who had been employed by the game farm for over a decade showed little evidence of enhanced livelihoods. The livelihood strategies of the participants were their basic employment wage, the use of money borrowing systems through stokvels, and informal trading such as selling sweets and chips in the game reserve villages where other workers live with their families. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Photodynamic therapy using morpholine substituted porphyrins in the presence of cancer specific molecules linked to graphene quantum dots
- Magaela, Ngwanabjala Bridged
- Authors: Magaela, Ngwanabjala Bridged
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Photochemotherapy , Morpholine , Biotin , Folic acid , MCF-7 , Quantum dots
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422486 , vital:71947
- Description: This thesis reports on the synthesis, characterization, photophysiochemical properties of morpholine substituted symmetrical and asymmetrical porphyrins. The synthesized porphyrins are conjugated to cancer selective biomolecules (folic acid and biotin) which are linked to nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots, as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The symmetrical morpholine porphyrin complexes 2 (Sn(IV) 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) and 3 (Zn 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) had the same substituent but different central metals, and they were both conjugated to biotin decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (B-NGQDs), however complex 2 (Sn(IV) 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) was conjugated to B-NGQDs through an ester bond and complex 3 (Zinc 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) through 𝜋-𝜋 stacking. The effect of asymmetry was studied by comparing complex 3 (Zn 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) and complex 5 (Zn 5- bromophenyl-10-15-20-(tris-4- morpholinyl) porphyrin). Complex 5 (Zn 5- bromophenyl-10-15-20-(tris-4- morpholinyl) porphyrin) was an asymmetric porphyrin with morpholine and bromine as substituents. It was observed that asymmetry enhances singlet oxygen quantum yield and PDT activity. It was also observed that folic acid is a better targeting biomolecule when compared to biotin, and this was studied by comparing complex 3 conjugated to B-NGQDs and complex 3 conjugated to folic acid decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (FA-NGQDs). 3-FA-NGQDs had a better cellular uptake and PDT activity. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
- Authors: Magaela, Ngwanabjala Bridged
- Date: 2023-03-29
- Subjects: Photochemotherapy , Morpholine , Biotin , Folic acid , MCF-7 , Quantum dots
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/422486 , vital:71947
- Description: This thesis reports on the synthesis, characterization, photophysiochemical properties of morpholine substituted symmetrical and asymmetrical porphyrins. The synthesized porphyrins are conjugated to cancer selective biomolecules (folic acid and biotin) which are linked to nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots, as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The symmetrical morpholine porphyrin complexes 2 (Sn(IV) 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) and 3 (Zn 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) had the same substituent but different central metals, and they were both conjugated to biotin decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (B-NGQDs), however complex 2 (Sn(IV) 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) was conjugated to B-NGQDs through an ester bond and complex 3 (Zinc 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) through 𝜋-𝜋 stacking. The effect of asymmetry was studied by comparing complex 3 (Zn 5,10,15,20 tetra-4-morpholinyl porphyrin) and complex 5 (Zn 5- bromophenyl-10-15-20-(tris-4- morpholinyl) porphyrin). Complex 5 (Zn 5- bromophenyl-10-15-20-(tris-4- morpholinyl) porphyrin) was an asymmetric porphyrin with morpholine and bromine as substituents. It was observed that asymmetry enhances singlet oxygen quantum yield and PDT activity. It was also observed that folic acid is a better targeting biomolecule when compared to biotin, and this was studied by comparing complex 3 conjugated to B-NGQDs and complex 3 conjugated to folic acid decorated nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (FA-NGQDs). 3-FA-NGQDs had a better cellular uptake and PDT activity. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-03-29
An analysis of inland fisheries resource use in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Matam, Ncumisa Yanga
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Fisheries South Africa Eastern Cape , Fishery law and legislation South Africa Eastern Cape , Small-scale fisheries South Africa Eastern Cape , Small-scale fisheries Social aspects South Africa Eastern Cape , Small-scale fisheries Economic aspects South Africa Eastern Cape , SADC Inland Fisheries Sector , Subsistence fishing South Africa Eastern Cape , Draft Inland Fisheries Policy (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232215 , vital:49972
- Description: South Africa’s Draft Inland Fisheries Policy identifies inland fisheries as an opportunity for socio-economic benefits such as jobs, food security and economic development, based on small-scale fishing and recreational value chains. Using roving creel surveys, this study examined various fishing groups in publicly accessible dams in both an urban and a rural settlement in the Makana Municipal area, Eastern Cape, South Africa. While inland fisheries are particularly relevant for rural communities, there is very little information on the current use of these resources, irrespective of inland fisheries’ importance. This thesis presents a conceptual framework for a study that: (1) reviews available information of inland fisheries and development attempts in South Africa; (2) provides an assessment of the use of inland fisheries on publicly accessible dams in the Makana Municipal area and (3) evaluates case studies of current and past utilization of selected inland fisheries initiatives in the Eastern Cape. The results of this project provide insights into the current conditions and development potentials of inland fisheries in the Eastern Cape. There was a difference in species composition between the dams, but no difference in the CPUE between dams. For example, in Grey dam many species were present, but as the dam size is only one hectare, this would result in an estimated yield harvest of only 207 kg/ha/year. Anglers were encountered at all dams, although fish were only retrieved by anglers in the rural dams of Committees Drift. Dam usage in the rural area was mostly subsistence angling, and this was significantly greater than in the urban area. Subsistence fishers utilised the fish to sustain themselves and their families and for better livelihoods. Anglers from outside the area tended to utilise the dam for recreational angling. Dams found in the urban area were also mostly used by subsistence anglers, though there were a few uses for aesthetic purposes. The urban dams were also utilised recreationally (picnics, year-end functions, swimming), as opposed to the rural dams which were only used for angling. A total of 10 interviews were administered to key respondents in the form of a questionnaires to determine the importance of the fisheries to them. Catch documented from the questionnaires, interviews and logbooks constituted 1238 species and 978 020 kg. Of all the anglers encountered from the interviews, the gill net catch species varied by dam. The fate of fish caught by anglers was dependent on employment status, with most unemployed anglers selling their fish for income and most employed anglers consuming their catch. The findings show that dams were used mostly by small-scale fishers and recreational anglers. Ichthyological surveys revealed that popular fish harvested were moggel, common carp, largemouth bass and Mozambique tilapia. The results are discussed in the context of appropriate development of fisheries in small dams in the province, with recommendations to continue monitored surveys to better inform the inland fisheries policy. The findings from this thesis show that having small scale fisheries in place and providing good access to the dams is essential for rural populations, in turn, providing better livelihoods through hunger alleviation and generating household income. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Matam, Ncumisa Yanga
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Fisheries South Africa Eastern Cape , Fishery law and legislation South Africa Eastern Cape , Small-scale fisheries South Africa Eastern Cape , Small-scale fisheries Social aspects South Africa Eastern Cape , Small-scale fisheries Economic aspects South Africa Eastern Cape , SADC Inland Fisheries Sector , Subsistence fishing South Africa Eastern Cape , Draft Inland Fisheries Policy (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232215 , vital:49972
- Description: South Africa’s Draft Inland Fisheries Policy identifies inland fisheries as an opportunity for socio-economic benefits such as jobs, food security and economic development, based on small-scale fishing and recreational value chains. Using roving creel surveys, this study examined various fishing groups in publicly accessible dams in both an urban and a rural settlement in the Makana Municipal area, Eastern Cape, South Africa. While inland fisheries are particularly relevant for rural communities, there is very little information on the current use of these resources, irrespective of inland fisheries’ importance. This thesis presents a conceptual framework for a study that: (1) reviews available information of inland fisheries and development attempts in South Africa; (2) provides an assessment of the use of inland fisheries on publicly accessible dams in the Makana Municipal area and (3) evaluates case studies of current and past utilization of selected inland fisheries initiatives in the Eastern Cape. The results of this project provide insights into the current conditions and development potentials of inland fisheries in the Eastern Cape. There was a difference in species composition between the dams, but no difference in the CPUE between dams. For example, in Grey dam many species were present, but as the dam size is only one hectare, this would result in an estimated yield harvest of only 207 kg/ha/year. Anglers were encountered at all dams, although fish were only retrieved by anglers in the rural dams of Committees Drift. Dam usage in the rural area was mostly subsistence angling, and this was significantly greater than in the urban area. Subsistence fishers utilised the fish to sustain themselves and their families and for better livelihoods. Anglers from outside the area tended to utilise the dam for recreational angling. Dams found in the urban area were also mostly used by subsistence anglers, though there were a few uses for aesthetic purposes. The urban dams were also utilised recreationally (picnics, year-end functions, swimming), as opposed to the rural dams which were only used for angling. A total of 10 interviews were administered to key respondents in the form of a questionnaires to determine the importance of the fisheries to them. Catch documented from the questionnaires, interviews and logbooks constituted 1238 species and 978 020 kg. Of all the anglers encountered from the interviews, the gill net catch species varied by dam. The fate of fish caught by anglers was dependent on employment status, with most unemployed anglers selling their fish for income and most employed anglers consuming their catch. The findings show that dams were used mostly by small-scale fishers and recreational anglers. Ichthyological surveys revealed that popular fish harvested were moggel, common carp, largemouth bass and Mozambique tilapia. The results are discussed in the context of appropriate development of fisheries in small dams in the province, with recommendations to continue monitored surveys to better inform the inland fisheries policy. The findings from this thesis show that having small scale fisheries in place and providing good access to the dams is essential for rural populations, in turn, providing better livelihoods through hunger alleviation and generating household income. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
Reconciling the “Natural” and the “Artificial” in the making of Regenerative Ecosystems: The Design of a Port Operations Facility for the Buffalo River Harbour, East London
- Authors: Nel, Joslin
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: built environment -- East London , Biotic communities -- Buffalo River Harbour -- East London
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59106 , vital:60264
- Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate a reconciliation between natural systems and the artificial construction of our built environment within the scope of regenerative ecosystems through architectural intervention. The monolithic harbour front, sited specifically within the Buffalo River Harbour of East London, is examined as the ultimate artificial and immovable landscape which sets the challenge of creating a more dynamic architecture. This is due to the fact that the banks of the Buffalo river harbour have long been transformed by marine industry and urban influence, having a retardation effect on its ecological functioning. Through the programmatic response of a Port Operations Facility, marine infrastructural institutions such as Transnet are given a new role in terms of environmental custodianship. The notion of a “self-regulating system” is therefore central to the design strategy. This occurs through a scale-linking approach, where the design plays a crucial role in urban runoff and stormwater management within the greater infrastructural context of the city, in an effort to rectify present ecological imbalances. Environmental receptivity is also explored through architectural devices that are sensitive to the cyclical fluctuations of intertidal landscapes, as well as advocating decentralised waste and energy management. Through the creation of a “novel ecosystem”, an ecological counterpoint to the monofunctional infrastructural domain of our cities is proposed. This challenges conventional engineering and design processes and ideologies in favour of a more complex relationship between landscape and architecture. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Nel, Joslin
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: built environment -- East London , Biotic communities -- Buffalo River Harbour -- East London
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59106 , vital:60264
- Description: The purpose of this study is to investigate a reconciliation between natural systems and the artificial construction of our built environment within the scope of regenerative ecosystems through architectural intervention. The monolithic harbour front, sited specifically within the Buffalo River Harbour of East London, is examined as the ultimate artificial and immovable landscape which sets the challenge of creating a more dynamic architecture. This is due to the fact that the banks of the Buffalo river harbour have long been transformed by marine industry and urban influence, having a retardation effect on its ecological functioning. Through the programmatic response of a Port Operations Facility, marine infrastructural institutions such as Transnet are given a new role in terms of environmental custodianship. The notion of a “self-regulating system” is therefore central to the design strategy. This occurs through a scale-linking approach, where the design plays a crucial role in urban runoff and stormwater management within the greater infrastructural context of the city, in an effort to rectify present ecological imbalances. Environmental receptivity is also explored through architectural devices that are sensitive to the cyclical fluctuations of intertidal landscapes, as well as advocating decentralised waste and energy management. Through the creation of a “novel ecosystem”, an ecological counterpoint to the monofunctional infrastructural domain of our cities is proposed. This challenges conventional engineering and design processes and ideologies in favour of a more complex relationship between landscape and architecture. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
A framework for an integrated transport system towards improving public transport efficiency in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Dlepu, Anele Lunga
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Intelligent transportation systems , Transportation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51165 , vital:43214
- Description: The main objective of this study was to develop a framework for an Integrated Transport System towards improving public transport efficiency in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The study was conducted against a background of a noticeably disjointed transport system in the BCMM. Among several others, the key attributing factors include rapid urban expansion, urbanization and sharp rise in the volume of traffic. The preliminary chapter of this study presented objectives which sought to address the economic and social costs associated with the disintegrated transport system. This study has been divided into seven chapters, with three of them comprising of literature review. The first chapter gives a background about the South African public transport system, covering transport regulations and legislation including an overview of the public transport system in the BCMM. The second chapter provided an overview of the transport system in South Africa, including the profile and comparison with other countries. In the third chapter, literature on transport integration has been explored, touching on the nodes and corridor development concepts, together with the integrated transit systems. Importantly, the literature analysis section discusses challenges inhibiting transport integration and the effective strategies for improving integration efforts. For the research methodology the interpretivist paradigm has been followed, necessitating the adoption of a qualitative research approach. This research used the qualitative data collection method, together with thematic analysis. Primary Data was collected by means of an unstructured questionnaire distributed to respondents electronically and the views captured in this study were from respondents in the Traffic Department, Traffic Police Department, the Local Municipality and Taxi Associations. The research leads to the findings that there is a need for a review of the urban transport policy, the reconstruction of urban roads and an investment in appropriate transport integration technology. This study also articulates that the urban sprawl in Buffalo City Metro is a serious cause for concern with regard to transport management. It further recommends that there must be a better coordination between the various transport management departments. Finally a recommendation is made that mini-bus taxis be done away with, as means of transport. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Dlepu, Anele Lunga
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Intelligent transportation systems , Transportation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Transportation -- Planning
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51165 , vital:43214
- Description: The main objective of this study was to develop a framework for an Integrated Transport System towards improving public transport efficiency in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The study was conducted against a background of a noticeably disjointed transport system in the BCMM. Among several others, the key attributing factors include rapid urban expansion, urbanization and sharp rise in the volume of traffic. The preliminary chapter of this study presented objectives which sought to address the economic and social costs associated with the disintegrated transport system. This study has been divided into seven chapters, with three of them comprising of literature review. The first chapter gives a background about the South African public transport system, covering transport regulations and legislation including an overview of the public transport system in the BCMM. The second chapter provided an overview of the transport system in South Africa, including the profile and comparison with other countries. In the third chapter, literature on transport integration has been explored, touching on the nodes and corridor development concepts, together with the integrated transit systems. Importantly, the literature analysis section discusses challenges inhibiting transport integration and the effective strategies for improving integration efforts. For the research methodology the interpretivist paradigm has been followed, necessitating the adoption of a qualitative research approach. This research used the qualitative data collection method, together with thematic analysis. Primary Data was collected by means of an unstructured questionnaire distributed to respondents electronically and the views captured in this study were from respondents in the Traffic Department, Traffic Police Department, the Local Municipality and Taxi Associations. The research leads to the findings that there is a need for a review of the urban transport policy, the reconstruction of urban roads and an investment in appropriate transport integration technology. This study also articulates that the urban sprawl in Buffalo City Metro is a serious cause for concern with regard to transport management. It further recommends that there must be a better coordination between the various transport management departments. Finally a recommendation is made that mini-bus taxis be done away with, as means of transport. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business Administration, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Media reporting and student self-representation: a Comparison of the 2015 #FeesMustFall campaign at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University by The Herald and #FeesMustFall
- Authors: Matrose, T L
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Mass media -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53456 , vital:45155
- Description: South Africa’s higher education system was deeply disrupted in October 2015 by the #FeesMustFall student-led movement which affected almost every student from most South African universities. As student movements called for a national shutdown of tertiary institutions, students in their numbers gravitated to social media, mainly Twitter and Facebook, where they mobilised, and held discussions pertaining to the protest movement. Whilst, most studies on mainstream media coverage of protest movements have shown that protests around the world are typically portrayed in a negative and delegitimising manner, scholars have declared social media to be very useful in helping protesters counter the negative mainstream media coverage towards them by telling their side of the story to the public, and in a manner in which they want to be perceived. Considering these nuances, this study focuses on The Herald, a Port Elizabeth based newspaper, and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University 2015 #FeesMustFall student protest movement. Through a content analysis, this study aims to, firstly, to explore the mainstream media’s representation and students’ social media self-representations of the #FeesMustFall student protest movement, and secondly; to identify the purpose(s) for which students utilised social media during the #FeesMustFall student protest movement. The results showed that The Herald coverage was predominantly positive and pro-student, and that students represented themselves and the movement in a positive and legitimising manner on their #FeesMustFall social media platforms. The results also showed that the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University students did not only use social media to communicate, organise and coordinate, debate, build and maintain unity during the course of #FeesMustFall movement, but also as a channel to attract mainstream media coverage for their movement, and to further shape the narrative in the coverage. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Matrose, T L
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Mass media -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53456 , vital:45155
- Description: South Africa’s higher education system was deeply disrupted in October 2015 by the #FeesMustFall student-led movement which affected almost every student from most South African universities. As student movements called for a national shutdown of tertiary institutions, students in their numbers gravitated to social media, mainly Twitter and Facebook, where they mobilised, and held discussions pertaining to the protest movement. Whilst, most studies on mainstream media coverage of protest movements have shown that protests around the world are typically portrayed in a negative and delegitimising manner, scholars have declared social media to be very useful in helping protesters counter the negative mainstream media coverage towards them by telling their side of the story to the public, and in a manner in which they want to be perceived. Considering these nuances, this study focuses on The Herald, a Port Elizabeth based newspaper, and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University 2015 #FeesMustFall student protest movement. Through a content analysis, this study aims to, firstly, to explore the mainstream media’s representation and students’ social media self-representations of the #FeesMustFall student protest movement, and secondly; to identify the purpose(s) for which students utilised social media during the #FeesMustFall student protest movement. The results showed that The Herald coverage was predominantly positive and pro-student, and that students represented themselves and the movement in a positive and legitimising manner on their #FeesMustFall social media platforms. The results also showed that the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University students did not only use social media to communicate, organise and coordinate, debate, build and maintain unity during the course of #FeesMustFall movement, but also as a channel to attract mainstream media coverage for their movement, and to further shape the narrative in the coverage. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Investigations of water deficit interactions with heat and elevated carbon dioxide in wheat
- Authors: Mavindidze, Peter
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Plants--Effect of heat on , Growth (Plants)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20664 , vital:46422
- Description: Future climate is predicted to be characterised by elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), as well as more incidences of heat and water deficit. eCO2 has been widely reported as enhancing growth, biomass and grain yield. To investigate the interactive effects of abiotic stresses on genotypic performance, an experiment was established in open-top chambers at the University of Rhodes eCO2 facility in Grahamstown, South Africa. The specific objectives of the study were: i) to evaluate the effects of eCO2 on wheat grain yield, yield components and grain quality under heat and terminal water deficit conditions; ii) to identify cultivar sources of tolerance to combined water deficit and heat stress under eCO2; iii) to identify appropriate stress indices that can be used as screening tools for tolerance to combined effects of water deficit and heat stress under eCO2. A total of 19 wheat genotypes were evaluated in three environments varying in CO2, temperature and water deficit during the 2019 winter season. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design arranged in blocks inside the chambers. The parameters recorded were: leaf water potential (LWP), biomass content (TB), number of productive tillers (NPT), days to flowering (DTA), days to maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), thousand kernel weight (TKW), number of kernels per spike (KPS), kernel weight per spike (KWS) and total grain weight (TGW). The following stress indices were determined: tolerance index, stress tolerance, yield susceptibility index, mean productivity, geometric mean productivity, stress intensity index and yield index. Elevated atmospheric CO2 ameliorated the negative effects of combined heat and water deficit stress by enhancing LWP, NPT, KPS, TB and TGW. Wheat genotypes responded the same way to CO2 with respect to grain yield. Furthermore, adequate water supply mitigated the adverse effects of heat stress. In addition, the combined effects of eCO2, heat and water deficit are confounding and hypo-additive in nature. The separation of environmental effects revealed that significant genotypic responses on grain yield and biomass were caused by heat and water deficit stress, while eCO2 mitigated their negative effects, promoting growth and reproduction. Both Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot analysis and cultivar superiority measure proved to be reliable statistical tools since they managed to identify 13-5HTSBWYT-H18, Ncema and SST8135 as having both specific adaptations to future climates as well as wide adaption to multiple environments. The genotypes may be used as sources (parents for crosses) for wide adaptation in breeding programmes in the wake of predicted future climate environments. PCA biplot analysis identified mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) as the best indices; hence can also be as secondary traits complimenting traditional agronomic and physiological traits in wheat breeding under environments varying in water availability, CO2 and temperature. The interactive effects of eCO2 with heat and water deficit stress did not significantly compromise the grain physical characteristics, flour extraction, protein content, falling number and flour ash. eCO2 ameliorated the negative effects of heat and water deficit by increasing protein content by 4.75 percent , Thesis (MSc) (Crop Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
- Authors: Mavindidze, Peter
- Date: 2021-02
- Subjects: Plants--Effect of heat on , Growth (Plants)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20664 , vital:46422
- Description: Future climate is predicted to be characterised by elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), as well as more incidences of heat and water deficit. eCO2 has been widely reported as enhancing growth, biomass and grain yield. To investigate the interactive effects of abiotic stresses on genotypic performance, an experiment was established in open-top chambers at the University of Rhodes eCO2 facility in Grahamstown, South Africa. The specific objectives of the study were: i) to evaluate the effects of eCO2 on wheat grain yield, yield components and grain quality under heat and terminal water deficit conditions; ii) to identify cultivar sources of tolerance to combined water deficit and heat stress under eCO2; iii) to identify appropriate stress indices that can be used as screening tools for tolerance to combined effects of water deficit and heat stress under eCO2. A total of 19 wheat genotypes were evaluated in three environments varying in CO2, temperature and water deficit during the 2019 winter season. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design arranged in blocks inside the chambers. The parameters recorded were: leaf water potential (LWP), biomass content (TB), number of productive tillers (NPT), days to flowering (DTA), days to maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), thousand kernel weight (TKW), number of kernels per spike (KPS), kernel weight per spike (KWS) and total grain weight (TGW). The following stress indices were determined: tolerance index, stress tolerance, yield susceptibility index, mean productivity, geometric mean productivity, stress intensity index and yield index. Elevated atmospheric CO2 ameliorated the negative effects of combined heat and water deficit stress by enhancing LWP, NPT, KPS, TB and TGW. Wheat genotypes responded the same way to CO2 with respect to grain yield. Furthermore, adequate water supply mitigated the adverse effects of heat stress. In addition, the combined effects of eCO2, heat and water deficit are confounding and hypo-additive in nature. The separation of environmental effects revealed that significant genotypic responses on grain yield and biomass were caused by heat and water deficit stress, while eCO2 mitigated their negative effects, promoting growth and reproduction. Both Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot analysis and cultivar superiority measure proved to be reliable statistical tools since they managed to identify 13-5HTSBWYT-H18, Ncema and SST8135 as having both specific adaptations to future climates as well as wide adaption to multiple environments. The genotypes may be used as sources (parents for crosses) for wide adaptation in breeding programmes in the wake of predicted future climate environments. PCA biplot analysis identified mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) as the best indices; hence can also be as secondary traits complimenting traditional agronomic and physiological traits in wheat breeding under environments varying in water availability, CO2 and temperature. The interactive effects of eCO2 with heat and water deficit stress did not significantly compromise the grain physical characteristics, flour extraction, protein content, falling number and flour ash. eCO2 ameliorated the negative effects of heat and water deficit by increasing protein content by 4.75 percent , Thesis (MSc) (Crop Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-02
Callenges facing school management teams in the general education and training band schools
- Authors: Bafundi,Zealous Mapisa
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3538 , vital:43625
- Description: Abstract text The study investigated the factors that lead to the high failure rate of grade 12 learners of the two high schools in the Ngqeleni area of Libode Mega District of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study was qualitative in nature; therefore interviews were used as the method of collecting data. Seven SMT members, four parents and four learners were, randomly selected from the two schools in the Ngqeleni area of Libode Mega District. The researcher randomly selected the participants then interviewed them. The researcher used a video recoder as an instrument to record the responses from the participants. To analyse data, the researcher transcribed the interview responses and interpreted them. The main findings of the study showed that the high failure rate was caused by the following factors: over-croweded classes, shortage of teaching and learnin~ materials, lack of parental involvement, teachers' low morale, poor learner discipline, teachers experiencing problems in implementing government policies, work-load and as such teaching becoming stressful. The researcher in his study therefore recommends that the Department of Education plans more workshops for schools to capacitate them. There should be provision for more classrooms and incentives for teachers. Key Words: factors, high failure rate, grade 12, Ngqeleni area, Department of Education. , Thesis (MMED) -- Faculty of Educational Sciences, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Bafundi,Zealous Mapisa
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3538 , vital:43625
- Description: Abstract text The study investigated the factors that lead to the high failure rate of grade 12 learners of the two high schools in the Ngqeleni area of Libode Mega District of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study was qualitative in nature; therefore interviews were used as the method of collecting data. Seven SMT members, four parents and four learners were, randomly selected from the two schools in the Ngqeleni area of Libode Mega District. The researcher randomly selected the participants then interviewed them. The researcher used a video recoder as an instrument to record the responses from the participants. To analyse data, the researcher transcribed the interview responses and interpreted them. The main findings of the study showed that the high failure rate was caused by the following factors: over-croweded classes, shortage of teaching and learnin~ materials, lack of parental involvement, teachers' low morale, poor learner discipline, teachers experiencing problems in implementing government policies, work-load and as such teaching becoming stressful. The researcher in his study therefore recommends that the Department of Education plans more workshops for schools to capacitate them. There should be provision for more classrooms and incentives for teachers. Key Words: factors, high failure rate, grade 12, Ngqeleni area, Department of Education. , Thesis (MMED) -- Faculty of Educational Sciences, 2011
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
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