Assessing the income derived from agricultural hawking in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Seteni, Vuyo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Street vendors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Street vendors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10167 , vital:35364
- Description: The hawking business has grown profusely in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, to such an extent that street hawkers are found on every street corner of the Metro. The literature suggests that street hawking holds great potential for employment creation for the unskilled population who cannot find employment opportunities in the formal sector. In light of the proliferation of street hawking in BCMM, the study aimed at assessing the performance of agricultural hawkers in the municipality by means of looking at hawkers’ strategies, determining their sales and net income, and ascertaining their level of ‘job satisfaction’. The sample was selected from the population of hawkers in three major towns of BCMM, namely Mdantsane, East London and King William’s Town. A sum of 200 respondents were selected in the study through interval based probability sampling. The study made use of a cross tabulation of the hawkers’ income according to the three main towns. The results revealed that that agricultural hawking contributes to poverty alleviation in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, as the majority of hawkers earn enough to live above the poverty line. A correlation matrix was used to ascertain the strength and direction of association between hawkers’ monthly income and selected independent variables. The study also used an ordered probit model to determine which specific variables affect hawkers’ monthly income generated from fruit and vegetable sales. The results from the model suggest that business training is significantly and positively related to increasing monthly income, as are age, years of experience, and membership of a hawkers’ association. The study recommends that Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality build new markets and improve the infrastructure of existing markets, and also provide proper sanitation and clean water to avoid unhygienic situations in street hawkers’ markets.
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- Authors: Seteni, Vuyo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Street vendors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Street vendors -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10167 , vital:35364
- Description: The hawking business has grown profusely in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, to such an extent that street hawkers are found on every street corner of the Metro. The literature suggests that street hawking holds great potential for employment creation for the unskilled population who cannot find employment opportunities in the formal sector. In light of the proliferation of street hawking in BCMM, the study aimed at assessing the performance of agricultural hawkers in the municipality by means of looking at hawkers’ strategies, determining their sales and net income, and ascertaining their level of ‘job satisfaction’. The sample was selected from the population of hawkers in three major towns of BCMM, namely Mdantsane, East London and King William’s Town. A sum of 200 respondents were selected in the study through interval based probability sampling. The study made use of a cross tabulation of the hawkers’ income according to the three main towns. The results revealed that that agricultural hawking contributes to poverty alleviation in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, as the majority of hawkers earn enough to live above the poverty line. A correlation matrix was used to ascertain the strength and direction of association between hawkers’ monthly income and selected independent variables. The study also used an ordered probit model to determine which specific variables affect hawkers’ monthly income generated from fruit and vegetable sales. The results from the model suggest that business training is significantly and positively related to increasing monthly income, as are age, years of experience, and membership of a hawkers’ association. The study recommends that Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality build new markets and improve the infrastructure of existing markets, and also provide proper sanitation and clean water to avoid unhygienic situations in street hawkers’ markets.
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Factors influencing adherence to treatment among clients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Insika Yethu sub-district, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Somkala, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Diabetics Public health Diabetes -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13161 , vital:39470
- Description: BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the problematic non-communicable diseases and is a major global public health challenge which affects more than 300 million individuals globally. It is predicted that by the year 2025, approximately 12.3 million South Africans will be receiving treatment for chronic conditions; included in that number will be those living with HIV and diabetes. An individual’s health behaviour is mainly determined by one’s demographic factors such as social, economic and cultural background. These influence people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have an impact on their treatment adherence. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine the economic, psycho-social and cultural factors influencing adherence to treatment amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to inform public health policy concerning the treatment and management of diabetic patients. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative study involving 300 purposively selected clients attending health facilities in Intsika Yethu sub district of Chris Hani, Eastern Cape Province. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire focuses on demographic information (age, gender, marital status, level of education, employment status, number of dependents, duration of taking anti-diabetic medication and existence of other chronic conditions) and the knowledge and attitude of diabetic clients regarding anti-diabetic treatment adherence. Other sections of the questionnaire solicit information on economic, psychosocial and cultural factors affecting adherence to diabetic treatment. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot study in order to identify unclear questions, so that they can be rectified before the main study was conducted. FINDINGS: Based on the findings from the study, a total of 177 (59.0percnt) of the diabetic clients had hypertension and that showed the relationship between diabetes and hypertension. On the attitude session, respondents have shown a positive attitude towards treatment. Furthermore, other objectives such as those focusing on economic, cultural and psychosocial factors were found not to be associated with poor adherence to anti-diabetic treatment. According to respondents’ responses, economic factors showed no influence on treatment adherence. Socio-cultural factors indicated that respondents never missed social gatherings and never used traditional medication to treat their diabetes. On the knowledge section which had fourteen questions, most clients seemed to be aware of the complications of diabetes and the benefits of adhering to anti-diabetic treatment because the lowest score was 50percnt. DATA ANALYSIS: The data was captured in Microsoft Excel (MSEXCEL) for onward processing. Data was analysed using data analysis and statistical software version 14. (STATA). Frequencies and percentages were used for describing the categorical variables while mean and standard deviation were used for describing age, number of dependents, duration of illness and knowledge. An independent t-test was used to determine the differences between males and females across the variables. A p-value of 0.05 was of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Economic, psychosocial and socio-cultural factors were not found to have impacted on adherence to treatment. These findings should not be generalised as the study was done on a small sample; further research and more studies need to be conducted.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Somkala, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Diabetics Public health Diabetes -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13161 , vital:39470
- Description: BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the problematic non-communicable diseases and is a major global public health challenge which affects more than 300 million individuals globally. It is predicted that by the year 2025, approximately 12.3 million South Africans will be receiving treatment for chronic conditions; included in that number will be those living with HIV and diabetes. An individual’s health behaviour is mainly determined by one’s demographic factors such as social, economic and cultural background. These influence people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have an impact on their treatment adherence. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine the economic, psycho-social and cultural factors influencing adherence to treatment amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to inform public health policy concerning the treatment and management of diabetic patients. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative study involving 300 purposively selected clients attending health facilities in Intsika Yethu sub district of Chris Hani, Eastern Cape Province. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire focuses on demographic information (age, gender, marital status, level of education, employment status, number of dependents, duration of taking anti-diabetic medication and existence of other chronic conditions) and the knowledge and attitude of diabetic clients regarding anti-diabetic treatment adherence. Other sections of the questionnaire solicit information on economic, psychosocial and cultural factors affecting adherence to diabetic treatment. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot study in order to identify unclear questions, so that they can be rectified before the main study was conducted. FINDINGS: Based on the findings from the study, a total of 177 (59.0percnt) of the diabetic clients had hypertension and that showed the relationship between diabetes and hypertension. On the attitude session, respondents have shown a positive attitude towards treatment. Furthermore, other objectives such as those focusing on economic, cultural and psychosocial factors were found not to be associated with poor adherence to anti-diabetic treatment. According to respondents’ responses, economic factors showed no influence on treatment adherence. Socio-cultural factors indicated that respondents never missed social gatherings and never used traditional medication to treat their diabetes. On the knowledge section which had fourteen questions, most clients seemed to be aware of the complications of diabetes and the benefits of adhering to anti-diabetic treatment because the lowest score was 50percnt. DATA ANALYSIS: The data was captured in Microsoft Excel (MSEXCEL) for onward processing. Data was analysed using data analysis and statistical software version 14. (STATA). Frequencies and percentages were used for describing the categorical variables while mean and standard deviation were used for describing age, number of dependents, duration of illness and knowledge. An independent t-test was used to determine the differences between males and females across the variables. A p-value of 0.05 was of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Economic, psychosocial and socio-cultural factors were not found to have impacted on adherence to treatment. These findings should not be generalised as the study was done on a small sample; further research and more studies need to be conducted.
- Full Text:
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