An investigation into the impact of citizen’s protests on the performance of municipalities: a case of Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Ncipha, Bukiwe
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11692 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1014677
- Description: The aim of this paper is to establish the impact of citizen’s protests on the performance of municipalities with particular reference to Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. The basis for this study is the wave of strikes that are directed towards municipalities bearing demands for the delivery of basic services. The protests give an indication that municipalities throughout the country are faced with challenges in carrying out their constitutional mandate of delivering basic services and developing the socio-economic status of their constituencies. It thus becomes crucial to get a grasp of the causal factors and to understand the impact of such protest on the performance of municipalities, in order to develop relevant intervention strategies. The research aims to identify the trends and define the nature of these service delivery protests. In order to preserve democracy government ought to take note of the demonstrations because they are a re-occurrence of the past. During the apartheid regime, non-voting civilians used violent protests to raise their dissatisfaction with the government of the day; primarily the protests were aimed at disorganizing and bringing pressure to the government. The situation is different because nowadays citizens have various platforms to raise their concerns hence it becomes crucial to analyse the protests because they may be an indication that the various platforms are not functional and that people want to raise a vote of no confidence to the reigning party. The research entails an overview of local government, the constitutional mandate and developmental role of local government. The paper will also provide a brief synopsis on the state of affairs with regards to the delivery of basic services in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. In conclusion there is going to be a list of recommendation based on the findings of this investigation. The recommendations will assist Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality and other municipalities in developing their strategies of delivering services in an effective and efficient manner thus giving meaning to the objectives of the constitution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Ncipha, Bukiwe
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11692 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1014677
- Description: The aim of this paper is to establish the impact of citizen’s protests on the performance of municipalities with particular reference to Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. The basis for this study is the wave of strikes that are directed towards municipalities bearing demands for the delivery of basic services. The protests give an indication that municipalities throughout the country are faced with challenges in carrying out their constitutional mandate of delivering basic services and developing the socio-economic status of their constituencies. It thus becomes crucial to get a grasp of the causal factors and to understand the impact of such protest on the performance of municipalities, in order to develop relevant intervention strategies. The research aims to identify the trends and define the nature of these service delivery protests. In order to preserve democracy government ought to take note of the demonstrations because they are a re-occurrence of the past. During the apartheid regime, non-voting civilians used violent protests to raise their dissatisfaction with the government of the day; primarily the protests were aimed at disorganizing and bringing pressure to the government. The situation is different because nowadays citizens have various platforms to raise their concerns hence it becomes crucial to analyse the protests because they may be an indication that the various platforms are not functional and that people want to raise a vote of no confidence to the reigning party. The research entails an overview of local government, the constitutional mandate and developmental role of local government. The paper will also provide a brief synopsis on the state of affairs with regards to the delivery of basic services in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. In conclusion there is going to be a list of recommendation based on the findings of this investigation. The recommendations will assist Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality and other municipalities in developing their strategies of delivering services in an effective and efficient manner thus giving meaning to the objectives of the constitution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Enterococcus pathotypes as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the Kat River and Fort Beaufort abstraction waters
- Authors: Ntloko, Phindiwe
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Enterococcus , Drug resistance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
- Identifier: vital:11290 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019821 , Enterococcus , Drug resistance
- Description: In this study, 400 presumptive Enterococcus isolates previously recovered from Kat River and Fort Beaufort Abstraction water dam were subjected to molecular confirmation and pathotyping. Two hundred and seventy-four (68%) of these isolates were confirmed to be enterococci species. Confirmations studies were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based, using enterococci specific primers targeting the tuf gene. The confirmed enterococci isolates were further differentiated into their pathotypes, the targets of which were: E. faecalis, E. avium, E. hirae, E. casseliflavarus and E. gallinarum using well documented species specific primer sequences. E. faecalis accounted for 20% of the isolates, followed by E. avium (16%), E. hirae (13%), E. casseliflavarus (5%) and E. gallinarum (3%). Furthermore, all the confirmed isolates were analysed for antibiotic susceptibilities using a panel of nine different antibiotics, namely vancomycin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, penicillin, and those that were resistant were assayed for the presence of relevant antibiotic resistance genes. All the 274 isolates were found to harbour vanA resistance gene confirming their phenotypic resistance to the vancomycin. Similarly, 60% (109/180) of the isolates showed phenotypic resistance to erythromycin which was further confirmed by the presence of ermA genes in these isolates. The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in surface waters poses a risk to public health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Ntloko, Phindiwe
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Enterococcus , Drug resistance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
- Identifier: vital:11290 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019821 , Enterococcus , Drug resistance
- Description: In this study, 400 presumptive Enterococcus isolates previously recovered from Kat River and Fort Beaufort Abstraction water dam were subjected to molecular confirmation and pathotyping. Two hundred and seventy-four (68%) of these isolates were confirmed to be enterococci species. Confirmations studies were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based, using enterococci specific primers targeting the tuf gene. The confirmed enterococci isolates were further differentiated into their pathotypes, the targets of which were: E. faecalis, E. avium, E. hirae, E. casseliflavarus and E. gallinarum using well documented species specific primer sequences. E. faecalis accounted for 20% of the isolates, followed by E. avium (16%), E. hirae (13%), E. casseliflavarus (5%) and E. gallinarum (3%). Furthermore, all the confirmed isolates were analysed for antibiotic susceptibilities using a panel of nine different antibiotics, namely vancomycin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, penicillin, and those that were resistant were assayed for the presence of relevant antibiotic resistance genes. All the 274 isolates were found to harbour vanA resistance gene confirming their phenotypic resistance to the vancomycin. Similarly, 60% (109/180) of the isolates showed phenotypic resistance to erythromycin which was further confirmed by the presence of ermA genes in these isolates. The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in surface waters poses a risk to public health.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Factors contributing to non adherence among pregnant women on antiretroviral treatment at Amathole District, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Dekeda, Kolelwa Felicia
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Nursing Science)
- Identifier: vital:11921 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019773
- Description: During the beginning of the HIV epidemic in 1981 25 million people have died. The introduction of ART therefore has promising developments to reduce mortality rates and new infections. Nevertheless there is still a challenge with adherence to ART worldwide and in South Africa. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors contributing to non-adherence to ART among HIV positive pregnant women. The study involved a non- probability sample of 70 HIV pregnant women on ART attending antenatal care clinics at the tertiary hospital and two community health centres,in Buffalo City, Amathole District, Eastern Cape. A coded questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Ethical procedure was followed and a consent form was signed by each participant. Data was collected for a period of two months The demographic data reveals that the majority of the participants were knowledgeable about ART and employed. That is evident in the adherence to ART in all age groups except age 40 and above. The majority of HIV positive pregnant women on ART who participated in the study were single 50% (n=35) which suggests that they may lack emotional support from partners and may have difficulty in disclosing their status. Level of adherence revealed that 27% (n=19) of participants missed ART because of forgetfulness, and 16% (n=12) and others were feeling healthy due to frequent follow ups and complying with the ART. Poor follow up, too sick, side effects pill burden, fear of stigma, lack of finances and taking alcohol hinders the proper management of HIV positive pregnant women and is risky to the unborn baby. HIV positive pregnant women on ART exhibited a good knowledge and use of ART. This is encouraging and should be sustained by continuous community awareness campaigns to empower the communities about HIV/AIDS, PMTCT programme and ART and extensive training of health care providers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Dekeda, Kolelwa Felicia
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Nursing Science)
- Identifier: vital:11921 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019773
- Description: During the beginning of the HIV epidemic in 1981 25 million people have died. The introduction of ART therefore has promising developments to reduce mortality rates and new infections. Nevertheless there is still a challenge with adherence to ART worldwide and in South Africa. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors contributing to non-adherence to ART among HIV positive pregnant women. The study involved a non- probability sample of 70 HIV pregnant women on ART attending antenatal care clinics at the tertiary hospital and two community health centres,in Buffalo City, Amathole District, Eastern Cape. A coded questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Ethical procedure was followed and a consent form was signed by each participant. Data was collected for a period of two months The demographic data reveals that the majority of the participants were knowledgeable about ART and employed. That is evident in the adherence to ART in all age groups except age 40 and above. The majority of HIV positive pregnant women on ART who participated in the study were single 50% (n=35) which suggests that they may lack emotional support from partners and may have difficulty in disclosing their status. Level of adherence revealed that 27% (n=19) of participants missed ART because of forgetfulness, and 16% (n=12) and others were feeling healthy due to frequent follow ups and complying with the ART. Poor follow up, too sick, side effects pill burden, fear of stigma, lack of finances and taking alcohol hinders the proper management of HIV positive pregnant women and is risky to the unborn baby. HIV positive pregnant women on ART exhibited a good knowledge and use of ART. This is encouraging and should be sustained by continuous community awareness campaigns to empower the communities about HIV/AIDS, PMTCT programme and ART and extensive training of health care providers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An assessment of the relationship between traditional leaders and ward councillors and its impact on service delivery: the case study of Mnquma Local Municipality
- Authors: Mhlanga, Fezeka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Traditional government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal officials and employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11676 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007132 , Traditional government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal officials and employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study was researched at Mnquma Local Municipality of Amathole District Municipality in Eastern Cape Province, in the Republic of South Africa. The study is about: The assessment of relationship between the traditional leaders and ward Councillors and its impact on service delivery: A case of Mnquma Local Municipality. This municipality consists of 61 wards and 41 ward Councillors. The purpose of this study was to investigate what causes tensions in the relationship between traditional leaders and ward Councillors and also how can it be managed and or be improved as it affects production in service delivery and development. Furthermore, the study seeks to find ways through which the relationship between traditional leaders and ward Councillors could be managed to harmonize the relationship between them in order to improve service delivery in Mnquma Local Municipality. Most municipalities which are based in rural areas in South Africa are faced with a lot of challenges which has left development staggering and thus in long run inefficiency in service delivery is caused. As a result of poor service delivery Mnquma Municipality is faced with the challenge of instability towards its management, whereby several Mayors have been chased away through protests, as result service delivery has been hampered and delayed. These challenges are the results of the poor relationship between traditional leaders and ward Councillors over land ownership, control and authority of resources for development. The legislations that govern traditional leaders are ambiguous or rather vague when it comes to their roles and functions in development and service delivery in the new democratic government of South Africa and thus cause the traditional leaders to feel that they are undermined by the ward Councillors whom according to traditional leaders feel they that ward Councillors are more recognized than them. It is in this context that this study seeks to investigate the causes of conflict between the traditional leaders and ward Councillors and how the conflict impacts on service delivery and development and also can it resolved to harmonize the situation. The researcher used a qualitative method to collect data, the questionnaires and interviews were conducted to Municipalities, Traditional Leaders, Municipal Managers, Ward Councillors, Ward Committees and the community. Data was collected and analysed using descriptive method. The researcher came out with the following summary of the findings: The management of relationship between traditional leaders and ward Councillors over ownership of projects, control, land distribution and authority is very poor. Traditional leaders felt that the present democratic government has given too much power to the ward Councillors for most development programs. There is no absolute proper consultation of traditional leaders by neither local government officials, municipalities and ward Councillors before any development is done in their areas. Poor recognition of traditional leaders by ward Councillors and other politicians. There is allegation by the community members and traditional leaders that ward Councillors are bias in delivering services, preference is given to the group that belongs to their party of interest. When there is development projects employment opportunity is not given to the local communities of that area. Traditional leaders are not allowed to actively participate in council meetings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mhlanga, Fezeka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Traditional government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal officials and employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11676 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007132 , Traditional government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal officials and employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study was researched at Mnquma Local Municipality of Amathole District Municipality in Eastern Cape Province, in the Republic of South Africa. The study is about: The assessment of relationship between the traditional leaders and ward Councillors and its impact on service delivery: A case of Mnquma Local Municipality. This municipality consists of 61 wards and 41 ward Councillors. The purpose of this study was to investigate what causes tensions in the relationship between traditional leaders and ward Councillors and also how can it be managed and or be improved as it affects production in service delivery and development. Furthermore, the study seeks to find ways through which the relationship between traditional leaders and ward Councillors could be managed to harmonize the relationship between them in order to improve service delivery in Mnquma Local Municipality. Most municipalities which are based in rural areas in South Africa are faced with a lot of challenges which has left development staggering and thus in long run inefficiency in service delivery is caused. As a result of poor service delivery Mnquma Municipality is faced with the challenge of instability towards its management, whereby several Mayors have been chased away through protests, as result service delivery has been hampered and delayed. These challenges are the results of the poor relationship between traditional leaders and ward Councillors over land ownership, control and authority of resources for development. The legislations that govern traditional leaders are ambiguous or rather vague when it comes to their roles and functions in development and service delivery in the new democratic government of South Africa and thus cause the traditional leaders to feel that they are undermined by the ward Councillors whom according to traditional leaders feel they that ward Councillors are more recognized than them. It is in this context that this study seeks to investigate the causes of conflict between the traditional leaders and ward Councillors and how the conflict impacts on service delivery and development and also can it resolved to harmonize the situation. The researcher used a qualitative method to collect data, the questionnaires and interviews were conducted to Municipalities, Traditional Leaders, Municipal Managers, Ward Councillors, Ward Committees and the community. Data was collected and analysed using descriptive method. The researcher came out with the following summary of the findings: The management of relationship between traditional leaders and ward Councillors over ownership of projects, control, land distribution and authority is very poor. Traditional leaders felt that the present democratic government has given too much power to the ward Councillors for most development programs. There is no absolute proper consultation of traditional leaders by neither local government officials, municipalities and ward Councillors before any development is done in their areas. Poor recognition of traditional leaders by ward Councillors and other politicians. There is allegation by the community members and traditional leaders that ward Councillors are bias in delivering services, preference is given to the group that belongs to their party of interest. When there is development projects employment opportunity is not given to the local communities of that area. Traditional leaders are not allowed to actively participate in council meetings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An evaluation of citizen participation in low-income housing settlement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: the case of the Tyutyu Housing Project in Buffalo City Municipality (1985-2010)
- Ssekibuule, Henry Jacob Festus
- Authors: Ssekibuule, Henry Jacob Festus
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Community development Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Local government -- Citizen participation , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11631 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/337 , Community development Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Local government -- Citizen participation , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The provision of housing is a developmental practice and development cannot prevail without public participation. This is echoed in the Manila Declaration on People‟s Participation and Sustainable Development, 1989 as follows, “Public participation is an essential part of human growth that is the development of self-confidence, pride, initiative, responsibility, cooperation. Without such development within the people themselves, all efforts to alleviate their poverty will be immensely more difficult, if not impossible” (Burkey, 1993:56). Housing provision plays a vital role in meeting basic needs; dwellings provide the security required for basic functioning and are thus essential for both human development and the alleviation of poverty. South Africa has one of the most progressive constitutions in the world. It includes the municipal legislative framework that provides for community participation in decision-making at municipal level. However, in practice, citizens have had little experience of this, which is particularly relevant in contexts of severe poverty and failure by the state to provide basic services. This case study demonstrates the challenges faced by the Centre for Public Participation (CPP), a national NGO, when working to influence central government policy on citizen participation. It also explores the role and influence of international donors in promoting this agenda. From the literature review, it was evident that service delivery is essential in the communities, and, as such, government departments and municipalities have a critical role to play. In order to achieve this goal, an interview was conducted with various interviewees. The participants ranged from the youth to the elderly citizens in the community as well as government officials. The main patterns that emerged from the collected data related to the dissatisfaction of the community about the lack of consultation. It would be advisable for government, especially municipalities, to take cognizance of the results and concerns, in an effort to improve and ensure the effective service delivery, as stipulated in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) document.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Ssekibuule, Henry Jacob Festus
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Community development Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Local government -- Citizen participation , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11631 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/337 , Community development Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Local government -- Citizen participation , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Case studies , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The provision of housing is a developmental practice and development cannot prevail without public participation. This is echoed in the Manila Declaration on People‟s Participation and Sustainable Development, 1989 as follows, “Public participation is an essential part of human growth that is the development of self-confidence, pride, initiative, responsibility, cooperation. Without such development within the people themselves, all efforts to alleviate their poverty will be immensely more difficult, if not impossible” (Burkey, 1993:56). Housing provision plays a vital role in meeting basic needs; dwellings provide the security required for basic functioning and are thus essential for both human development and the alleviation of poverty. South Africa has one of the most progressive constitutions in the world. It includes the municipal legislative framework that provides for community participation in decision-making at municipal level. However, in practice, citizens have had little experience of this, which is particularly relevant in contexts of severe poverty and failure by the state to provide basic services. This case study demonstrates the challenges faced by the Centre for Public Participation (CPP), a national NGO, when working to influence central government policy on citizen participation. It also explores the role and influence of international donors in promoting this agenda. From the literature review, it was evident that service delivery is essential in the communities, and, as such, government departments and municipalities have a critical role to play. In order to achieve this goal, an interview was conducted with various interviewees. The participants ranged from the youth to the elderly citizens in the community as well as government officials. The main patterns that emerged from the collected data related to the dissatisfaction of the community about the lack of consultation. It would be advisable for government, especially municipalities, to take cognizance of the results and concerns, in an effort to improve and ensure the effective service delivery, as stipulated in the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) document.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
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