Residential private property valuation accuracy in south Africa: A case study of Knysna in the Western Cape province
- Authors: Qusheka, Siphokazi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Real property -- Valuation -- Knysna , Right of property -- Knysna
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59876 , vital:62482
- Description: a Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong b Faculty of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Property valuation end-users generally rely on property value opinion provided by valuers in making informed real estate investment decisions. However, the inaccuracy of valuation estimates could be attributed to the adoption of inappropriate property valuation methods and such inaccurate estimates could mislead real estate investors and stakeholders. This could result in individual loss and national loss due to the importance of the real estate sector to the national economy. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Qusheka, Siphokazi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Real property -- Valuation -- Knysna , Right of property -- Knysna
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59876 , vital:62482
- Description: a Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong b Faculty of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Property valuation end-users generally rely on property value opinion provided by valuers in making informed real estate investment decisions. However, the inaccuracy of valuation estimates could be attributed to the adoption of inappropriate property valuation methods and such inaccurate estimates could mislead real estate investors and stakeholders. This could result in individual loss and national loss due to the importance of the real estate sector to the national economy. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Selected Aspects of the Crime of Necrophilia
- Authors: Somandi, Siphuxolo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Rape , Necrophilia , Crime of Necrophilia
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60421 , vital:64874
- Description: The treatise begins by defining rape pre and post-Constitution. Through the analysis of the latter, it refers to the Masiya case, particularly in light of extending the definition of rape to align it with the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights. It further focuses on the rights that Masiya identified as being infringed upon whenever the act of rape occurs. The treatise thereafter discusses the crime of committing sexual acts with a corpse, formerly known as necrophilia. It argues that not all sexual acts with a corpse are committed with the sole purpose of having sexual intercourse with a "corpse". For an illustration of the latter, the treatise categorises the circumstances of sexual acts committed with corpses into Categories A and B and uses cases in each Category as an aid. Some of the sexual acts by perpetrators begin with the sole purpose of rape but because the rape cannot be achieved due to the resistance of the victim, the perpetrator has no choice but to overcome the resistance of the victim, which in the context of this treatise means killing the victim. The perpetrator thereafter proceeds with what was initially intended, the rape of the victim. However, in the cases considered, the perpetrator is saved by expert evidence to the effect that the victim was dead at the time of penetration and therefore the perpetrator in addition to being convicted for murder is convicted of committing a sexual act with a corpse. The treatise thus argues that not all sexual acts with a corpse are committed with the sole purpose of having sexual intercourse with the corpse. The treatise highlights the fact that a sexual act with a corpse is a crime of intention. The differing circumstances in which the said crime is committed carries with it a difference in intention and thus should be criminalised differently. This is particularly so when one considers that expert evidence is used to confirm whether or not the victim was dead or alive at the time of the sexual penetration. This confirms that the perpetrator could not have known that the victim was dead at the time of penetration and thus for all intents and purposes, the perpetrator believed he is raping the victim, who he considers to be alive. he treatise thus argues that the perpetrator cannot be saved by expert evidence that surmises that the perpetrator intended to have sexual intercourse with a corpse, the intention that the perpetrator did not carry at the time of committing the crime. The treatise further argues that because rape has been identified as a crime that infringes on human rights, these rights are not extinguished by death thus the same rights are infringed by sexual acts with a corpse. With the aid of some international authorities, the treatise argues that a Category B sexual act committed with a corpse could be criminalised under attempted rape. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Somandi, Siphuxolo
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Rape , Necrophilia , Crime of Necrophilia
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60421 , vital:64874
- Description: The treatise begins by defining rape pre and post-Constitution. Through the analysis of the latter, it refers to the Masiya case, particularly in light of extending the definition of rape to align it with the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights. It further focuses on the rights that Masiya identified as being infringed upon whenever the act of rape occurs. The treatise thereafter discusses the crime of committing sexual acts with a corpse, formerly known as necrophilia. It argues that not all sexual acts with a corpse are committed with the sole purpose of having sexual intercourse with a "corpse". For an illustration of the latter, the treatise categorises the circumstances of sexual acts committed with corpses into Categories A and B and uses cases in each Category as an aid. Some of the sexual acts by perpetrators begin with the sole purpose of rape but because the rape cannot be achieved due to the resistance of the victim, the perpetrator has no choice but to overcome the resistance of the victim, which in the context of this treatise means killing the victim. The perpetrator thereafter proceeds with what was initially intended, the rape of the victim. However, in the cases considered, the perpetrator is saved by expert evidence to the effect that the victim was dead at the time of penetration and therefore the perpetrator in addition to being convicted for murder is convicted of committing a sexual act with a corpse. The treatise thus argues that not all sexual acts with a corpse are committed with the sole purpose of having sexual intercourse with the corpse. The treatise highlights the fact that a sexual act with a corpse is a crime of intention. The differing circumstances in which the said crime is committed carries with it a difference in intention and thus should be criminalised differently. This is particularly so when one considers that expert evidence is used to confirm whether or not the victim was dead or alive at the time of the sexual penetration. This confirms that the perpetrator could not have known that the victim was dead at the time of penetration and thus for all intents and purposes, the perpetrator believed he is raping the victim, who he considers to be alive. he treatise thus argues that the perpetrator cannot be saved by expert evidence that surmises that the perpetrator intended to have sexual intercourse with a corpse, the intention that the perpetrator did not carry at the time of committing the crime. The treatise further argues that because rape has been identified as a crime that infringes on human rights, these rights are not extinguished by death thus the same rights are infringed by sexual acts with a corpse. With the aid of some international authorities, the treatise argues that a Category B sexual act committed with a corpse could be criminalised under attempted rape. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Service as a leadership competency at Director/CEO level
- Authors: Chilton, Ilse Mercia
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Leadership Moral and ethical aspects , Servant leadership , Compassion , Humility , Integrative thinking , Critical incident technique , Transformational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419075 , vital:71614
- Description: Given ethical failures in leadership, the actions and decisions of leaders are receiving renewed attention based on the role business plays in society. Business leaders need to demonstrate their willingness to consider their influence on society and not merely consider the demands and expectations of shareholders. Leaders must consider the ethical lens through which their decisions and actions are perceived. Service as a leadership competency can develop ethical leadership. Currently, service is not clearly defined and understood, and Pearse (2017) proposes five interrelated elements of service as a competency, namely individualised consideration, compassion, motivation to lead, humility and integrated thinking. The study examined if the five interrelated service elements are present when a leader at Director/CEO level exercises an act of service towards a follower. The study adopted a qualitative deductive thematic approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and using the critical incident technique to guide the interviews. The study's findings support the research proposition that service as a leadership competency consists of the five elements, but with some of these elements expanded. Service as a leadership competency is recommended to develop high-quality social relationships within an organisation, which will positively impact the corporate culture. Organisations can recruit and select leaders based on ethical leadership requirements and integrate these into performance management systems. Recommendations for further research have also been made. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Chilton, Ilse Mercia
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Leadership Moral and ethical aspects , Servant leadership , Compassion , Humility , Integrative thinking , Critical incident technique , Transformational leadership
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419075 , vital:71614
- Description: Given ethical failures in leadership, the actions and decisions of leaders are receiving renewed attention based on the role business plays in society. Business leaders need to demonstrate their willingness to consider their influence on society and not merely consider the demands and expectations of shareholders. Leaders must consider the ethical lens through which their decisions and actions are perceived. Service as a leadership competency can develop ethical leadership. Currently, service is not clearly defined and understood, and Pearse (2017) proposes five interrelated elements of service as a competency, namely individualised consideration, compassion, motivation to lead, humility and integrated thinking. The study examined if the five interrelated service elements are present when a leader at Director/CEO level exercises an act of service towards a follower. The study adopted a qualitative deductive thematic approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and using the critical incident technique to guide the interviews. The study's findings support the research proposition that service as a leadership competency consists of the five elements, but with some of these elements expanded. Service as a leadership competency is recommended to develop high-quality social relationships within an organisation, which will positively impact the corporate culture. Organisations can recruit and select leaders based on ethical leadership requirements and integrate these into performance management systems. Recommendations for further research have also been made. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Spatial and temporal analysis of the critical zone in the Western rift valley corridor: towards earth stewardship science in East Africa
- Authors: Miller, Warren David
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59771 , vital:62423
- Description: Over the coming decades, Africa is expected to experience disturbing effects due to climate change and increased land cover change due to human influences presenting a significant concern for the future well-being of human and biological systems, the latter being the foundation of ecosystem services supplied to humanity. Therefore, unprecedented transdisciplinary cooperation, coordination, and integration amongst researchers, government, and civil society are necessary to increase the resiliency of these systems. This study aims to provide an outline of the Africa Alive Corridors (AAC) as an essential model for the encouragement of sustainable development through Earth Stewardship science. These aims are accompanied by the quantification and forward modelling for land cover change of the Critical Zone over 10 Great Lake Basins across one of the AAC, the Western Rift Valley Corridor (WRVC), in East Africa between the years 2018 and 2060. This approach provides the foundation for implementing improved regional governance, better encouragement of sustainable development beyond the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and education programs, such as the AAC, that promote socio-ecological resilience through Earth Stewardship Science. The AAC archives a portion of East Africa as the WRVC, a corridor along the western branch of the East African Rift System that highlights twenty heritage nodes, primarily great lakes, mountain ranges, national parks, and biological hotspots. These heritage entities are associated with ca. 12-million-years of evolution and transformation of the East African topography and related African Great Lake (AGL) systems. The thesis defines the study area by delineating AGL basins intersected by the WRVC. Across these basins, land cover change analysis provides a platform for an integrated assessment of the projected health of the corridor region. Existing land cover datasets provide the initial conditions of the study area for 2008 and 2013. Land cover between 2008 and 2013 is cross-tabulated using the Land Cover Module in the Terrset software, followed by the iii delineation of sub-models and driver variable identification. The Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithm provides the transition potentials between tree cover, urban area, cropland, wetland, and open area classes. Change quantification and prediction using Markov Chain analysis are then established for 2018, 2030, and 2060. The model successfully simulated future land cover change and concluded that: (1) proximity to existing human activity, proximity to existing tree cover, and population are the primary drivers of change; (2) the dominant land cover of the ten lake basins for 2018 was cropland at ca. 48%, followed by tree cover at ca. 33%; (3) total anthropogenic change over the coming four decades equates to over ca. 52 000 km2 (5 200 000 ha), and particularly (4) an urban area is expected to increase by >130%. This assessment ultimately provides a platform for regional governance development at the basin scale and Earth Stewardship science in East Africa. These changes require transdisciplinary action from researchers to civil society. The AAC provides the foundation for understanding the dynamics of the systems that support life across broader spatial and temporal resolutions in Africa, highlighting the need for future generations to build socio-ecological resilience to anticipate challenges such as biodiversity loss posed by climate change and excessive land cover change. , Thesis (DSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Miller, Warren David
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59771 , vital:62423
- Description: Over the coming decades, Africa is expected to experience disturbing effects due to climate change and increased land cover change due to human influences presenting a significant concern for the future well-being of human and biological systems, the latter being the foundation of ecosystem services supplied to humanity. Therefore, unprecedented transdisciplinary cooperation, coordination, and integration amongst researchers, government, and civil society are necessary to increase the resiliency of these systems. This study aims to provide an outline of the Africa Alive Corridors (AAC) as an essential model for the encouragement of sustainable development through Earth Stewardship science. These aims are accompanied by the quantification and forward modelling for land cover change of the Critical Zone over 10 Great Lake Basins across one of the AAC, the Western Rift Valley Corridor (WRVC), in East Africa between the years 2018 and 2060. This approach provides the foundation for implementing improved regional governance, better encouragement of sustainable development beyond the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and education programs, such as the AAC, that promote socio-ecological resilience through Earth Stewardship Science. The AAC archives a portion of East Africa as the WRVC, a corridor along the western branch of the East African Rift System that highlights twenty heritage nodes, primarily great lakes, mountain ranges, national parks, and biological hotspots. These heritage entities are associated with ca. 12-million-years of evolution and transformation of the East African topography and related African Great Lake (AGL) systems. The thesis defines the study area by delineating AGL basins intersected by the WRVC. Across these basins, land cover change analysis provides a platform for an integrated assessment of the projected health of the corridor region. Existing land cover datasets provide the initial conditions of the study area for 2008 and 2013. Land cover between 2008 and 2013 is cross-tabulated using the Land Cover Module in the Terrset software, followed by the iii delineation of sub-models and driver variable identification. The Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithm provides the transition potentials between tree cover, urban area, cropland, wetland, and open area classes. Change quantification and prediction using Markov Chain analysis are then established for 2018, 2030, and 2060. The model successfully simulated future land cover change and concluded that: (1) proximity to existing human activity, proximity to existing tree cover, and population are the primary drivers of change; (2) the dominant land cover of the ten lake basins for 2018 was cropland at ca. 48%, followed by tree cover at ca. 33%; (3) total anthropogenic change over the coming four decades equates to over ca. 52 000 km2 (5 200 000 ha), and particularly (4) an urban area is expected to increase by >130%. This assessment ultimately provides a platform for regional governance development at the basin scale and Earth Stewardship science in East Africa. These changes require transdisciplinary action from researchers to civil society. The AAC provides the foundation for understanding the dynamics of the systems that support life across broader spatial and temporal resolutions in Africa, highlighting the need for future generations to build socio-ecological resilience to anticipate challenges such as biodiversity loss posed by climate change and excessive land cover change. , Thesis (DSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Strategic architecture for quantity surveying Firms in South Africa
- Mokonenyane, Mofumahatsana Dibuseng
- Authors: Mokonenyane, Mofumahatsana Dibuseng
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Sustainable architecture , Quantity surveyors
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59521 , vital:62149
- Description: Quantity surveying firms are a crucial part of the construction industry because they are involved in the financial aspects of the projects, and their role and benefits have been documented across various studies. Furthermore, they provide services such as estimating, cost control and feasibility studies in numerous industries and these services are not limited to the construction industry. They are crucial in ensuring that the project proceeds according to budget, quality and time. Despite the noted benefits of quantity surveying firms, there has been a noticeable decline in the survival rate of the firms over the past ten years. It has been documented that several external and internal environmental factors affect the firms and thus have caused a decline in the survival rate. The volatility of internal and external forces that affect the industry has formed the basis of this study. Previous studies have failed to highlight the strategies to reduce threats and utilise opportunities. This study aims to establish common internal and external environmental factors affecting quantity surveying firms and determine these firms’ strategic architecture. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews to assess the internal and external environment and strategic nature of Quantity surveying firms. In addition, a thematic analysis was administered to identify themes. The themes that arose from the external business environment were technology, political instability, tendering irregularities, lack of availability of work and the practice of green building. The technology theme highlighted the respondents’ views of the technological environment and the role of BIM and other software. Tendering irregularities threatened prospective tenderpreneurs as the respondents viewed the process as flawed and requiring better regulation. Lack of work was highlighted as a further factor. Although not many respondents mentioned this theme, green building is an emerging theme within the South African market. Two main themes were identified in the internal business environment: fee discounting and human resources. Fee discounting refers to the reduction of fees to secure work, while human resources were highlighted as an important factor and are regarded as the fuel that keeps the organisation running. Owing to the varying nature of factors within the external and internal business environment, it was concluded that there is no formal generic strategy that can be utilised to mitigate internal and external environmental factors. The client relationships were highlighted as an important factor, while client relationships were discussed under the balanced scorecard section of the study. The two main themes derived from the balanced scorecard were the financial perspective and client relationships under customer. Increased revenue per customer and venturing into new markets were the main themes mentioned within the financial perspective. The importance of nurturing client relationships was identified as an important factor under the customer section of the balanced scorecard. iii | P a g e The findings of this study will assist the stakeholders within the built environment in determining common internal and external environmental issues facing the industry. The recommendation will assist stakeholders in establishing probable solutions that can be implemented to overcome these challenges. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mokonenyane, Mofumahatsana Dibuseng
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Sustainable architecture , Quantity surveyors
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59521 , vital:62149
- Description: Quantity surveying firms are a crucial part of the construction industry because they are involved in the financial aspects of the projects, and their role and benefits have been documented across various studies. Furthermore, they provide services such as estimating, cost control and feasibility studies in numerous industries and these services are not limited to the construction industry. They are crucial in ensuring that the project proceeds according to budget, quality and time. Despite the noted benefits of quantity surveying firms, there has been a noticeable decline in the survival rate of the firms over the past ten years. It has been documented that several external and internal environmental factors affect the firms and thus have caused a decline in the survival rate. The volatility of internal and external forces that affect the industry has formed the basis of this study. Previous studies have failed to highlight the strategies to reduce threats and utilise opportunities. This study aims to establish common internal and external environmental factors affecting quantity surveying firms and determine these firms’ strategic architecture. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews to assess the internal and external environment and strategic nature of Quantity surveying firms. In addition, a thematic analysis was administered to identify themes. The themes that arose from the external business environment were technology, political instability, tendering irregularities, lack of availability of work and the practice of green building. The technology theme highlighted the respondents’ views of the technological environment and the role of BIM and other software. Tendering irregularities threatened prospective tenderpreneurs as the respondents viewed the process as flawed and requiring better regulation. Lack of work was highlighted as a further factor. Although not many respondents mentioned this theme, green building is an emerging theme within the South African market. Two main themes were identified in the internal business environment: fee discounting and human resources. Fee discounting refers to the reduction of fees to secure work, while human resources were highlighted as an important factor and are regarded as the fuel that keeps the organisation running. Owing to the varying nature of factors within the external and internal business environment, it was concluded that there is no formal generic strategy that can be utilised to mitigate internal and external environmental factors. The client relationships were highlighted as an important factor, while client relationships were discussed under the balanced scorecard section of the study. The two main themes derived from the balanced scorecard were the financial perspective and client relationships under customer. Increased revenue per customer and venturing into new markets were the main themes mentioned within the financial perspective. The importance of nurturing client relationships was identified as an important factor under the customer section of the balanced scorecard. iii | P a g e The findings of this study will assist the stakeholders within the built environment in determining common internal and external environmental issues facing the industry. The recommendation will assist stakeholders in establishing probable solutions that can be implemented to overcome these challenges. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Termination of employment in the public service sector: the constitutionality of the deeming provisions
- Authors: Mbewana, Inga
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: unfair labor practices--South Africa , labor law and legislation--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60080 , vital:62940
- Description: In terms of the South African Public Service Act,1 an employee who absents him- /herself from official duties without permission of his or her head of department, office or institution for a period exceeding one calendar month is deemed to have been discharged by operation of law. A similar provision can also be found in section 14 of the Employment of Educators Act,2 which expressly refers to fourteen (14) consecutive day’s unauthorised absence as opposed to thirty (30) days. Employees whose services have been terminated by operation of law are deprived an opportunity to defend themselves prior to the dismissal as prescribed by the Labour Relations Act3 (LRA). South African courts have grappled with several cases relating to dismissal by operation of law in the public service. The nature of these provisions is such that employees in the public sector are discharged from their duties without any hearing to offer them the opportunity to state their side and/or give a reasonable explanation for their absence. These provisions will thus be referred to herein as “the deeming provisions”. The deeming provisions provide that the discharge / dismissal is “on account of misconduct” however, it does not provide for a pre-dismissal procedure that is to be followed when dismissal is on account of misconduct, as prescribed by the LRA. It has been settled in our law that dismissal by operation of law is not dismissal for the purposes of the LRA. The employees dismissed by operation of law are regarded as if they are not entitled to a hearing. The right to fair labour practices protects everyone including public sector employees, 4 and such right is given effect to by way of enactment of the LRA. The LRA serves to protect public sector employees except where the exclusion is specified. This treatise seeks to challenge the necessity and constitutionality of the deeming provisions on the basis of its contravention of the constitutional right to fair labour practices. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mbewana, Inga
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: unfair labor practices--South Africa , labor law and legislation--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60080 , vital:62940
- Description: In terms of the South African Public Service Act,1 an employee who absents him- /herself from official duties without permission of his or her head of department, office or institution for a period exceeding one calendar month is deemed to have been discharged by operation of law. A similar provision can also be found in section 14 of the Employment of Educators Act,2 which expressly refers to fourteen (14) consecutive day’s unauthorised absence as opposed to thirty (30) days. Employees whose services have been terminated by operation of law are deprived an opportunity to defend themselves prior to the dismissal as prescribed by the Labour Relations Act3 (LRA). South African courts have grappled with several cases relating to dismissal by operation of law in the public service. The nature of these provisions is such that employees in the public sector are discharged from their duties without any hearing to offer them the opportunity to state their side and/or give a reasonable explanation for their absence. These provisions will thus be referred to herein as “the deeming provisions”. The deeming provisions provide that the discharge / dismissal is “on account of misconduct” however, it does not provide for a pre-dismissal procedure that is to be followed when dismissal is on account of misconduct, as prescribed by the LRA. It has been settled in our law that dismissal by operation of law is not dismissal for the purposes of the LRA. The employees dismissed by operation of law are regarded as if they are not entitled to a hearing. The right to fair labour practices protects everyone including public sector employees, 4 and such right is given effect to by way of enactment of the LRA. The LRA serves to protect public sector employees except where the exclusion is specified. This treatise seeks to challenge the necessity and constitutionality of the deeming provisions on the basis of its contravention of the constitutional right to fair labour practices. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The co-evolution of Africa’s eastern margin and its primate fauna: implications for hominin evolution
- Authors: Mambalu, Philasande
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59755 , vital:62418
- Description: I investigated potential links between the diversification of African primate lineages and the physical evolution of the continent. I compared published phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA for five clades: (a) Lorisoidea (galagos and pottos); (b) arboreal guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus and its allies); (c) living apes (including humans); (d) Papionini (baboons); and (e) savanna or “vervet” monkeys (Chlorocebus). I compared primate divergence dates with the ages of tectonic events, patterns of climatic change, and their palaeo-vegetational consequences. Based on present primate distributions, I estimated likely geographic locations of the divergence events. Finally, I compared the phylogenetic patterns of the primate clades with hominin evolutionary scenarios. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated three time periods when rates of speciation increased across the five primate clades: the Eocene – Oligocene transition (34 – 32 Ma); the mid-late Miocene (10 – 5 Ma); and the Pliocene – Pleistocene transition (2.7 – 2.3 Ma). Concentrated bursts of lineage splitting indicate a broadscale causal relationship between environmental change and lineage divergence. Human evolution followed similar biogeographic patterns to those of other primate clades. Tectonic events, climatic changes and palaeo-vegetational shifts are intimately connected, and have synergistic effects on biotic diversity. Tectonic events influence climatic change through their effects on oceanic circulation, planetary temperatures and rainfall patterns. Additionally, tectonic uplift and erosion may create geographic barriers to organismal dispersal across the continent, increasing the likelihood of geographic separation of populations and speciation. Recently evolved primate species show high levels of hybridisation for several generations after their initial divergence. Genus Homo generated ~10 species over 2.5 Ma. The emergence of these taxa likely involved substantial hybridisation, as demonstrated by the presence of Neanderthal genes within the H. sapiens genome. I suggest that this hybridisation contributed to the difficulties palaeoanthropologists often experience in distinguishing fossil hominin taxa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mambalu, Philasande
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59755 , vital:62418
- Description: I investigated potential links between the diversification of African primate lineages and the physical evolution of the continent. I compared published phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA for five clades: (a) Lorisoidea (galagos and pottos); (b) arboreal guenon monkeys (Cercopithecus and its allies); (c) living apes (including humans); (d) Papionini (baboons); and (e) savanna or “vervet” monkeys (Chlorocebus). I compared primate divergence dates with the ages of tectonic events, patterns of climatic change, and their palaeo-vegetational consequences. Based on present primate distributions, I estimated likely geographic locations of the divergence events. Finally, I compared the phylogenetic patterns of the primate clades with hominin evolutionary scenarios. Phylogenetic comparisons indicated three time periods when rates of speciation increased across the five primate clades: the Eocene – Oligocene transition (34 – 32 Ma); the mid-late Miocene (10 – 5 Ma); and the Pliocene – Pleistocene transition (2.7 – 2.3 Ma). Concentrated bursts of lineage splitting indicate a broadscale causal relationship between environmental change and lineage divergence. Human evolution followed similar biogeographic patterns to those of other primate clades. Tectonic events, climatic changes and palaeo-vegetational shifts are intimately connected, and have synergistic effects on biotic diversity. Tectonic events influence climatic change through their effects on oceanic circulation, planetary temperatures and rainfall patterns. Additionally, tectonic uplift and erosion may create geographic barriers to organismal dispersal across the continent, increasing the likelihood of geographic separation of populations and speciation. Recently evolved primate species show high levels of hybridisation for several generations after their initial divergence. Genus Homo generated ~10 species over 2.5 Ma. The emergence of these taxa likely involved substantial hybridisation, as demonstrated by the presence of Neanderthal genes within the H. sapiens genome. I suggest that this hybridisation contributed to the difficulties palaeoanthropologists often experience in distinguishing fossil hominin taxa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The development of a flow route to synthesize 3- benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, an intermediate of an anti-TB drug, bedaquilin
- Authors: Mpalala, Anele
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa , Tuberculosis --Chemotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59864 , vital:62455
- Description: SA has a high number of reported cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Bedaquiline is a newly approved active ingredient of an anti-tuberculosis drug with high potency against MDR-TB. The limited access to this life-saving medicine to many people in the world has driven a great deal of research effort by the scientific community to find new, better and more practical approaches to this drug. However, many of the reported synthetic procedures suffer from long reaction times, which in turn require many hours of effort by the chemists conducting the reactions. This has prompted us to investigate an efficient process towards the synthesis to produce the key intermediates of bedaquiline using continuous flow technology. Additionally, since there is not much literature on continuous flow synthesis of bedaquiline, this research revealed interesting continuous flow processes towards the drug. Chapter 1: In order to provide insight, the first chapter of this dissertation presents a comprehensive background and literature review on tuberculosis; its pathogenesis, impact, medicines available for the treatment as well as the drug classes with novel mode of action and new chemical entities. Furthermore, bedaquiline is discussed in detail with the various synthetic protocols of the drug. An introduction to continuous flow chemistry is discussed, along with an outline of its advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 2: The second chapter encompasses the experimental procedures utilized for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The three key intermediates of bedaquiline were synthesized in batch synthesis and these compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the continuous flow synthesis protocols for the preparations of these intermediates and their optimization are outlined. Chapter 3: The results are explained in this chapter with detailed discussions of the batch synthesis and the continuous flow optimization of each step within the scope of this research. The investigation started with the batch preparation of the primary intermediate, N-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide via an amidation reaction between 3-phenylpropanoyl chloride and p-bromoaniline. The primary intermediate then undergoes a subsequent formylation and cyclization via a Vilsmeier–Haack reaction to yield 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-chloroquinoline. The chloroquinoline ii intermediate undergoes a methoxylation reaction to form 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2- methoxyquinoline. Subsequently, the batch protocol was transferred into continuous flow systems, optimized by varying reaction parameters within the synthesis route to achieve the as much yield as possible. The optimization studies showed an improvement in conversions in the various steps with shorter reaction times. The first step was optimized in a 0.2ml microreactor and because of the enhanced safety of flow chemistry, this exothermic amidation reaction was optimised at elevated temperatures to afford the primary intermediate at a 100% conversion within a residence time of 5 seconds using DMF as a solvent with DIPEA as a base. Next, the Vilsmier-Haack cyclization and chlorination was optimised in flow to afford the 2-chloroquinoline intermediate. The ability to use a back pressure regulator allowed for investigation of the effect of high temperature on the reaction and the 2- chloroquinoline intermediate was obtained at 78% conversion in a residence time of 30 min at 150 ⁰C using acetonitrile as a solvent. Subsequently, the optimization of the third step in flow to afford the central core intermediate of bedaquiline, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, achieved 100% conversion in DMSO/MeOH solvent system at a residence time of 5 min. The effect of temperature, molar equivalence and solvent on reaction conversions could be observed in these steps. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated the successful establishment of an efficient flow chemistry protocol that can be used to successfully synthesize all intermediates within the scope of this research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mpalala, Anele
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa , Tuberculosis --Chemotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59864 , vital:62455
- Description: SA has a high number of reported cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Bedaquiline is a newly approved active ingredient of an anti-tuberculosis drug with high potency against MDR-TB. The limited access to this life-saving medicine to many people in the world has driven a great deal of research effort by the scientific community to find new, better and more practical approaches to this drug. However, many of the reported synthetic procedures suffer from long reaction times, which in turn require many hours of effort by the chemists conducting the reactions. This has prompted us to investigate an efficient process towards the synthesis to produce the key intermediates of bedaquiline using continuous flow technology. Additionally, since there is not much literature on continuous flow synthesis of bedaquiline, this research revealed interesting continuous flow processes towards the drug. Chapter 1: In order to provide insight, the first chapter of this dissertation presents a comprehensive background and literature review on tuberculosis; its pathogenesis, impact, medicines available for the treatment as well as the drug classes with novel mode of action and new chemical entities. Furthermore, bedaquiline is discussed in detail with the various synthetic protocols of the drug. An introduction to continuous flow chemistry is discussed, along with an outline of its advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 2: The second chapter encompasses the experimental procedures utilized for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The three key intermediates of bedaquiline were synthesized in batch synthesis and these compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the continuous flow synthesis protocols for the preparations of these intermediates and their optimization are outlined. Chapter 3: The results are explained in this chapter with detailed discussions of the batch synthesis and the continuous flow optimization of each step within the scope of this research. The investigation started with the batch preparation of the primary intermediate, N-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide via an amidation reaction between 3-phenylpropanoyl chloride and p-bromoaniline. The primary intermediate then undergoes a subsequent formylation and cyclization via a Vilsmeier–Haack reaction to yield 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-chloroquinoline. The chloroquinoline ii intermediate undergoes a methoxylation reaction to form 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2- methoxyquinoline. Subsequently, the batch protocol was transferred into continuous flow systems, optimized by varying reaction parameters within the synthesis route to achieve the as much yield as possible. The optimization studies showed an improvement in conversions in the various steps with shorter reaction times. The first step was optimized in a 0.2ml microreactor and because of the enhanced safety of flow chemistry, this exothermic amidation reaction was optimised at elevated temperatures to afford the primary intermediate at a 100% conversion within a residence time of 5 seconds using DMF as a solvent with DIPEA as a base. Next, the Vilsmier-Haack cyclization and chlorination was optimised in flow to afford the 2-chloroquinoline intermediate. The ability to use a back pressure regulator allowed for investigation of the effect of high temperature on the reaction and the 2- chloroquinoline intermediate was obtained at 78% conversion in a residence time of 30 min at 150 ⁰C using acetonitrile as a solvent. Subsequently, the optimization of the third step in flow to afford the central core intermediate of bedaquiline, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, achieved 100% conversion in DMSO/MeOH solvent system at a residence time of 5 min. The effect of temperature, molar equivalence and solvent on reaction conversions could be observed in these steps. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated the successful establishment of an efficient flow chemistry protocol that can be used to successfully synthesize all intermediates within the scope of this research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The effect of limestone ammonium nitrate and chicken manure fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of two cabbage cultivators
- Authors: Nongogo Chumani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Cabbage -- South Africa , Field crops -- Nutrition -- South Africa , fertilizers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59922 , vital:62695
- Description: Cabbage is a well-known and popular crop in South Africa. As a highly nutritious leafy green vegetable, it is produced and sold to a variety of markets, from formal markets to hawkers, for human consumption and as animal feed. The cabbage crop contributes positively to food security, health, and households’ financial wellbeing. As a crop, cabbage is known to be a heavy feeder due to its high nutritional requirements (in terms of fertiliser) particularly nitrogen. This high requirement can be supplied by either synthetic or by organic fertilisers in the form of animal manures. However, fertiliser has proven to be a challenge due to its high costs, as its prices increase rapidly each year. The current study aimed to determine the most effective fertilisation method for the growth, quality, and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Two fertiliser types (chicken manure and limestone ammonium nitrate) were applied, and the treatments were repeated five times over two planting sessions on two cultivars, Grandslam and Empowa, at concentrations of 0%, 100% and 150%. A control for each treatment / cultivar was also grown. The parameters plant height, head diameter, pests and disease development, quality and dry mass were measured to determine the effect on growth, yield, and quality of the cabbage crop. From each planting, a total of 60 cabbages served as specimens for data collection purposes. The research trial was conducted in open field and laid out in a split-plot block method. The cultivar was allocated to the main plot, while the fertiliser treatments served as the sub-plots. The study was carried out for a period of six months, which allowed for data collection to be done in two different growing conditions. Planting was done manually by hand in planting bags, and washed river sand was used as a substrate (growing medium). The data collected during the experiment was analysed by means of statistical data analysis software STATISTICA and the methods applied were a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of variance was performed at a significance level of p as a means to determine a correlation of relationships for all set parameters (variables) for both cultivars, treatments and plantings. The results of the study showed that the two fertiliser types, namely limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) and chicken manure, both had a significant effect (p on plant height, head diameter, dry mass. Also, the pest and disease development and quality of cabbage were significantly influenced by the fertiliser types and season (climate). The interactive effect of cultivar and fertiliser was statistically significant. Empowa showed better results on chicken manure compared to LAN. In the case of Grandslam, however, no significant fertiliser effect was observed. The study also showed that fertilisation with a fertiliser that contains high nitrogen (N) content promotes pest and disease incidence. Increasing N application rate resulted into an increase of pest and disease incidence. The change of season, which promotes different growth conditions (in terms of temperature, water requirements, pests, and diseases) for the plants was found to have had an influence on the study results. Lasty, it was observed that chicken manure fertiliser yields a cabbage with a good internal and external quality compared to limestone ammonium nitrate fertiliser. Lastly, when considering all treatment rates applied, the recommended quantity of 100% (in both chicken manure and LAN) yielded favorable results. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Nongogo Chumani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Cabbage -- South Africa , Field crops -- Nutrition -- South Africa , fertilizers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59922 , vital:62695
- Description: Cabbage is a well-known and popular crop in South Africa. As a highly nutritious leafy green vegetable, it is produced and sold to a variety of markets, from formal markets to hawkers, for human consumption and as animal feed. The cabbage crop contributes positively to food security, health, and households’ financial wellbeing. As a crop, cabbage is known to be a heavy feeder due to its high nutritional requirements (in terms of fertiliser) particularly nitrogen. This high requirement can be supplied by either synthetic or by organic fertilisers in the form of animal manures. However, fertiliser has proven to be a challenge due to its high costs, as its prices increase rapidly each year. The current study aimed to determine the most effective fertilisation method for the growth, quality, and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Two fertiliser types (chicken manure and limestone ammonium nitrate) were applied, and the treatments were repeated five times over two planting sessions on two cultivars, Grandslam and Empowa, at concentrations of 0%, 100% and 150%. A control for each treatment / cultivar was also grown. The parameters plant height, head diameter, pests and disease development, quality and dry mass were measured to determine the effect on growth, yield, and quality of the cabbage crop. From each planting, a total of 60 cabbages served as specimens for data collection purposes. The research trial was conducted in open field and laid out in a split-plot block method. The cultivar was allocated to the main plot, while the fertiliser treatments served as the sub-plots. The study was carried out for a period of six months, which allowed for data collection to be done in two different growing conditions. Planting was done manually by hand in planting bags, and washed river sand was used as a substrate (growing medium). The data collected during the experiment was analysed by means of statistical data analysis software STATISTICA and the methods applied were a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of variance was performed at a significance level of p as a means to determine a correlation of relationships for all set parameters (variables) for both cultivars, treatments and plantings. The results of the study showed that the two fertiliser types, namely limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) and chicken manure, both had a significant effect (p on plant height, head diameter, dry mass. Also, the pest and disease development and quality of cabbage were significantly influenced by the fertiliser types and season (climate). The interactive effect of cultivar and fertiliser was statistically significant. Empowa showed better results on chicken manure compared to LAN. In the case of Grandslam, however, no significant fertiliser effect was observed. The study also showed that fertilisation with a fertiliser that contains high nitrogen (N) content promotes pest and disease incidence. Increasing N application rate resulted into an increase of pest and disease incidence. The change of season, which promotes different growth conditions (in terms of temperature, water requirements, pests, and diseases) for the plants was found to have had an influence on the study results. Lasty, it was observed that chicken manure fertiliser yields a cabbage with a good internal and external quality compared to limestone ammonium nitrate fertiliser. Lastly, when considering all treatment rates applied, the recommended quantity of 100% (in both chicken manure and LAN) yielded favorable results. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The extension of collective agreements to non- parties for dismissal for operational requirements
- Authors: Lupondwana, Masiza Howard
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation--South Africa , Unfair labor practices
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59724 , vital:62387
- Description: Section 23 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 states that “Everyone has the right to fair labour practice. (2) Every worker has the right to – (a) to form and join a trade union; (b) to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and (c) to strike’’. The Labour Relations Act 2 (the LRA) was enacted to give effect to section 23 of the Constitution, to regulate the organizational rights of trade union, to promote and facilitate collective bargaining at the workplace and at sectoral level. Its purpose is to advance the economic development, social justice, labour peace and democratization of the workplace by fulfilling the primary objectives of this Act. Firstly, this study seeks to critically examine the extension of collective agreements and effect of section 23(1) (d) in both small- and large-scale retrenchments (s189 & 189 A). A right to fair dismissal is a guaranteed employment right as outlined in section 185 of the LRA. Danielle Venn writes that “legislation is not the only source of employment, labour law clearly set a minimum standard while collective agreements or individual contracts can include provisions more generous to employees than those in legislation.3 This indicates that collective agreements are mechanisms aimed at creating conducive working conditions of employment between the employer and employee in the workplace. By ensuring that resolutions aimed at promoting general welfare of employees are implemented, regulating and enhancement of employee benefits, and other matters of mutual interest are expressed in the agreement. Individual employment law has express terms which clearly state that an employment contract may incorporate the employer’s disciplinary code of conduct. This mostly include procedure to be followed during termination of service or dismissal. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Lupondwana, Masiza Howard
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation--South Africa , Unfair labor practices
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59724 , vital:62387
- Description: Section 23 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 states that “Everyone has the right to fair labour practice. (2) Every worker has the right to – (a) to form and join a trade union; (b) to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and (c) to strike’’. The Labour Relations Act 2 (the LRA) was enacted to give effect to section 23 of the Constitution, to regulate the organizational rights of trade union, to promote and facilitate collective bargaining at the workplace and at sectoral level. Its purpose is to advance the economic development, social justice, labour peace and democratization of the workplace by fulfilling the primary objectives of this Act. Firstly, this study seeks to critically examine the extension of collective agreements and effect of section 23(1) (d) in both small- and large-scale retrenchments (s189 & 189 A). A right to fair dismissal is a guaranteed employment right as outlined in section 185 of the LRA. Danielle Venn writes that “legislation is not the only source of employment, labour law clearly set a minimum standard while collective agreements or individual contracts can include provisions more generous to employees than those in legislation.3 This indicates that collective agreements are mechanisms aimed at creating conducive working conditions of employment between the employer and employee in the workplace. By ensuring that resolutions aimed at promoting general welfare of employees are implemented, regulating and enhancement of employee benefits, and other matters of mutual interest are expressed in the agreement. Individual employment law has express terms which clearly state that an employment contract may incorporate the employer’s disciplinary code of conduct. This mostly include procedure to be followed during termination of service or dismissal. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department of Mercantile law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The gender rubik’s cube: ethnographic conversations with gay men in Port Elizabeth within the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Authors: Pillay, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Masculinity --Port Elizabeth -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Homosexuality --Political aspects -- Port Elizabeth , Sex differences (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59413 , vital:62085
- Description: Today, a number of disciplines across the social sciences have begun to pay attention to gender; however, gender studies suggest a degree of empowerment for feminist knowledge and not enough recognition that men, too, are gendered beings. As the gender spectrum acknowledges inclusions across options of the gendered form, a greater understanding of gender experiences is required to assist in the development of solutions and systemic changes in society. The study uses qualitative research methods such as one on one interviews to open conversations with self- identified gay men, leading to a deeper understanding of masculinities and what it means to be a man within contemporary society. The proposition made in this study on the notions of men and masculinities is that they can be seen as a gender puzzle, or a gendered Rubik’s Cube, which when considered in this way contribute towards a better understanding of humanity. A Rubik’s Cube approach could facilitate the proposed changes of a deeper analysis of men and masculinities. This study fundamentally explores the lived experiences of the participants and how these experiences come alive in relation to masculinities in contemporary society and offers recommendations to facility positive change, such as about the understanding, the role, the process, and the purpose of ‘coming out’ as a gendered form of both expression and self-identity. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Pillay, Ryan
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Masculinity --Port Elizabeth -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Homosexuality --Political aspects -- Port Elizabeth , Sex differences (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59413 , vital:62085
- Description: Today, a number of disciplines across the social sciences have begun to pay attention to gender; however, gender studies suggest a degree of empowerment for feminist knowledge and not enough recognition that men, too, are gendered beings. As the gender spectrum acknowledges inclusions across options of the gendered form, a greater understanding of gender experiences is required to assist in the development of solutions and systemic changes in society. The study uses qualitative research methods such as one on one interviews to open conversations with self- identified gay men, leading to a deeper understanding of masculinities and what it means to be a man within contemporary society. The proposition made in this study on the notions of men and masculinities is that they can be seen as a gender puzzle, or a gendered Rubik’s Cube, which when considered in this way contribute towards a better understanding of humanity. A Rubik’s Cube approach could facilitate the proposed changes of a deeper analysis of men and masculinities. This study fundamentally explores the lived experiences of the participants and how these experiences come alive in relation to masculinities in contemporary society and offers recommendations to facility positive change, such as about the understanding, the role, the process, and the purpose of ‘coming out’ as a gendered form of both expression and self-identity. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
THE LEGALITY OF ANTICIPATORY SELF-DEFENCE AGAINST A MARITIME CYBER-ATTACK
- Authors: DARE, FOLUKE MARY
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Maritime Cybersecurity , Maritime Cyber-Attack , Use of Force -- Maritime Cyber Threats
- Language: English
- Type: Doctorate's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59281 , vital:61895
- Description: This research aims to determine how the principle of anticipatory self-defence, in line with article 51 of the UN Charter, can be applied to the context of maritime cybersecurity. Despite the debates by some scholars to clarify the international law position on anticipatory self-defence in the maritime context, there is no universally accepted legal provision for States to rely on in carrying out anticipatory self-defence against imminent maritime cyber-attacks. This raises the questions concerning the lawful steps States can take in self-defence against maritime cyber-attacks. This research shows the challenges facing States in their bid to comply with the provision of article 51 of the UN Charter to anticipatorily defend against an MCA. The recommendations made are intended to guide States in making policies and mapping our strategies to lawfully tackle the emerging threat of cyber-attacks against maritime security. , Thesis (LLD) -- Faculty of Law, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: DARE, FOLUKE MARY
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Maritime Cybersecurity , Maritime Cyber-Attack , Use of Force -- Maritime Cyber Threats
- Language: English
- Type: Doctorate's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59281 , vital:61895
- Description: This research aims to determine how the principle of anticipatory self-defence, in line with article 51 of the UN Charter, can be applied to the context of maritime cybersecurity. Despite the debates by some scholars to clarify the international law position on anticipatory self-defence in the maritime context, there is no universally accepted legal provision for States to rely on in carrying out anticipatory self-defence against imminent maritime cyber-attacks. This raises the questions concerning the lawful steps States can take in self-defence against maritime cyber-attacks. This research shows the challenges facing States in their bid to comply with the provision of article 51 of the UN Charter to anticipatorily defend against an MCA. The recommendations made are intended to guide States in making policies and mapping our strategies to lawfully tackle the emerging threat of cyber-attacks against maritime security. , Thesis (LLD) -- Faculty of Law, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The Preparation of Expert Witnesses to testify in Medical Negligence Cases
- Authors: Witi, Bulelani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Medical personnel--Malpractice--Cases , Expect Witness Preparation
- Language: English
- Type: Master , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60432 , vital:64875
- Description: This research seeks to consider whether the preparation of expert witnesses to testify can be said to be fair and not infringe on Constitutional rights. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department Procedural Law
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Witi, Bulelani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Medical personnel--Malpractice--Cases , Expect Witness Preparation
- Language: English
- Type: Master , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60432 , vital:64875
- Description: This research seeks to consider whether the preparation of expert witnesses to testify can be said to be fair and not infringe on Constitutional rights. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department Procedural Law
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The principle of fairness in South African criminal trials
- Authors: Ndude, Tembinkosi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Criminal law , Criminal law -- cases , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60090 , vital:62984
- Description: The purpose of this research is to determine the presence of the principle of fairness during criminal trials in South Africa. In determining the presence of the principle, this research will provide a short background on both the historical pre-constitution situation on the principle of fairness and the present situation on how courts in South Africa conduct themselves in the adjudication of criminal cases in ensuring fair criminal trials. The historical background partially highlights certain provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act in curtailing both the application of due processes and entrenchment of fairness during criminal trials. The arguments on the principle of fairness during criminal trials are discussed in tandem with the principle of the rule of law in the determination of the resolve our justice system has, and the use of designated legal instruments to assert the principle of fairness, for example, section 35(3) of the Constitution and the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977(herein referred "the Act") including the determination of the level of judicial interference, independence, and impartiality. The challenges of unfair trials are also explained against the concept of ubuntu which is a foundational element of fairness expressed and interpreted as such by the indigenous people living in South Africa. In the Port Elizabeth Municipality v Various Occupiers, the court describes the concept of ubuntu as part of a deep cultural heritage central to fairness and fair treatment of humans. The principle of fairness in our criminal trials is a transformative element shaped by our historical background. This is evident in S v Zuma which refers to section 25 of the Interim Constitution. The transformative element shaping principle of fairness is discussed in conjunction with section 35(3) of the new Constitution and case law. This research also notes the adversarial element of our criminal trials having considered some of the evidentiary burdens, for example, the onus of proof, rebuttal of evidence, proof beyond reasonable doubt, reverse onus, circumstantial evidence, presumption, and the adverse inference. However, these evidentiary burdens are addressed by section 35(3) of the Constitution and case law, for example the right to remain silent, the right to be presumed innocent, the right not to be compelled to give self-incriminating evidence, to be informed of the charge with sufficient detail to answer it, to choose, and be represented by a legal practitioner and to be informed of this right promptly. This work views the principle of fairness as a mechanism focussing on relegating unjustness and the ill treatment of accused persons during criminal trials to the dustbin of history. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Ndude, Tembinkosi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Criminal law , Criminal law -- cases , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60090 , vital:62984
- Description: The purpose of this research is to determine the presence of the principle of fairness during criminal trials in South Africa. In determining the presence of the principle, this research will provide a short background on both the historical pre-constitution situation on the principle of fairness and the present situation on how courts in South Africa conduct themselves in the adjudication of criminal cases in ensuring fair criminal trials. The historical background partially highlights certain provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act in curtailing both the application of due processes and entrenchment of fairness during criminal trials. The arguments on the principle of fairness during criminal trials are discussed in tandem with the principle of the rule of law in the determination of the resolve our justice system has, and the use of designated legal instruments to assert the principle of fairness, for example, section 35(3) of the Constitution and the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977(herein referred "the Act") including the determination of the level of judicial interference, independence, and impartiality. The challenges of unfair trials are also explained against the concept of ubuntu which is a foundational element of fairness expressed and interpreted as such by the indigenous people living in South Africa. In the Port Elizabeth Municipality v Various Occupiers, the court describes the concept of ubuntu as part of a deep cultural heritage central to fairness and fair treatment of humans. The principle of fairness in our criminal trials is a transformative element shaped by our historical background. This is evident in S v Zuma which refers to section 25 of the Interim Constitution. The transformative element shaping principle of fairness is discussed in conjunction with section 35(3) of the new Constitution and case law. This research also notes the adversarial element of our criminal trials having considered some of the evidentiary burdens, for example, the onus of proof, rebuttal of evidence, proof beyond reasonable doubt, reverse onus, circumstantial evidence, presumption, and the adverse inference. However, these evidentiary burdens are addressed by section 35(3) of the Constitution and case law, for example the right to remain silent, the right to be presumed innocent, the right not to be compelled to give self-incriminating evidence, to be informed of the charge with sufficient detail to answer it, to choose, and be represented by a legal practitioner and to be informed of this right promptly. This work views the principle of fairness as a mechanism focussing on relegating unjustness and the ill treatment of accused persons during criminal trials to the dustbin of history. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, Department Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-12
The protection and promotion of the rights of journalists in Tanzania.
- Authors: Nnko, Ruth Anaeli
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: freedom of speech , Journalism , Human rights
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60100 , vital:63095
- Description: The ability to freely acquire, search for, disseminate, and express opinions and ideas is foundational in a democratic society. When a state effectively safeguards the right to freedom of expression of all citizens, this has a rollover effect on other fundamental human rights. Freedom of expression often operates in tandem with the right to information, equality and human dignity. To this effect, freedom of expression has been recognized as a fundamental human right in various international, regional and sub-regional instruments. The scope and limitations of the right to freedom of expression has, over the years, been developed through regional and sub-regional cases. These cases have noted that, on the one hand, freedom of expression goes beyond a mere aspiration of states. State Parties to human rights’ instruments are bound by an obligation to give effect to this right. On the other hand, however, freedom of expression is not absolute and can be limited where such limitation is necessary, lawful, and proportional. Within the United Republic of Tanzania, techniques have been adopted to limit the right to freedom of expression of journalists. These range from the use of national laws to fines, suspensions, and imprisoning of journalists, to extrajudicial acts such as enforced disappearances in more extreme cases. Although, these techniques are not unique to the United Republic of Tanzania as the same ill treatment of journalists’ practices can be found in other countries. This study evaluates whether the legal framework, as well as the actions of the United Republic of Tanzania, in effect, protect and promote the right to freedom of expression specifically the rights of journalists. This study is divided in five chapters which aim to provide an in-depth coverage of the human rights systems in operation that are apply to journalists in Tanzania. The study also considers limitations in the regional, subregional and national legal frameworks and concludes with recommendations that could be adopted to ensure compliance with sub-regional, regional and international standards. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty Law, Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Nnko, Ruth Anaeli
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: freedom of speech , Journalism , Human rights
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60100 , vital:63095
- Description: The ability to freely acquire, search for, disseminate, and express opinions and ideas is foundational in a democratic society. When a state effectively safeguards the right to freedom of expression of all citizens, this has a rollover effect on other fundamental human rights. Freedom of expression often operates in tandem with the right to information, equality and human dignity. To this effect, freedom of expression has been recognized as a fundamental human right in various international, regional and sub-regional instruments. The scope and limitations of the right to freedom of expression has, over the years, been developed through regional and sub-regional cases. These cases have noted that, on the one hand, freedom of expression goes beyond a mere aspiration of states. State Parties to human rights’ instruments are bound by an obligation to give effect to this right. On the other hand, however, freedom of expression is not absolute and can be limited where such limitation is necessary, lawful, and proportional. Within the United Republic of Tanzania, techniques have been adopted to limit the right to freedom of expression of journalists. These range from the use of national laws to fines, suspensions, and imprisoning of journalists, to extrajudicial acts such as enforced disappearances in more extreme cases. Although, these techniques are not unique to the United Republic of Tanzania as the same ill treatment of journalists’ practices can be found in other countries. This study evaluates whether the legal framework, as well as the actions of the United Republic of Tanzania, in effect, protect and promote the right to freedom of expression specifically the rights of journalists. This study is divided in five chapters which aim to provide an in-depth coverage of the human rights systems in operation that are apply to journalists in Tanzania. The study also considers limitations in the regional, subregional and national legal frameworks and concludes with recommendations that could be adopted to ensure compliance with sub-regional, regional and international standards. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty Law, Criminal and Procedural Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Towards a sustainable food management system: Exploring indigenous food practices of sorghum grain in the Moshana village, Northwest, South Africa
- Authors: Nkgothoe,Julius Batlhalifi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Food security -- Moshana village-- South Africa , Sustainable development-- South Africa -- North West , Sorghum --Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59271 , vital:61803
- Description: This research study explores indigenous sorghum food management practices as a pathway towards sustainable food systems. The level of hunger is ever-increasing, and so is the global population. Regions less industrialized and developed suffer the most as they host growing populations and most of the worlds undernourished. Further intensified in this problem are a culling and unforgiving food systems run by a few conglomerates and a knowledge system driven by a histography of ‘othering’ even in its knowledge creation process. Although there exist institutions such as the United Nations Food and Agricultural programs, these remain relegated to policy and intergovernmental level, in the process, not being mindful of the real food issues faced at the grassroots level. This research study centralizes indigenous food practices to make sense of how rural and indigenous livelihoods such as those located in the Moshana village thrive and survive in a monopolized and urban-centred food climate like South Africa. By interviewing 12 participants, living, and taking part in the Moshana village food systems and employing stringent face-to-face semi-structured interviews, we present an indigenous food system as experienced and shared by Moshana Village Community members. The findings present an array of indigenous and food management practices, perspectives through an African ecological philosophical view. Conceptually inspired by the works of Vandana Shiva and many global south thinkers on seeds, grains and sustainable indigenous food systems, this study hopes to reinsert back the centrality of food in the growing field of African Sociology. The findings clearly show that elderly women are preserving the Sorghum knowledge and preservation processes. These practices have assisted the Moshana Village community members to cope with food shortages and lockdown restrictions during the strict COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa. The study concludes with clear need for the archiving and intergenerational communication of food management within the rural communities. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Nkgothoe,Julius Batlhalifi
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Food security -- Moshana village-- South Africa , Sustainable development-- South Africa -- North West , Sorghum --Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59271 , vital:61803
- Description: This research study explores indigenous sorghum food management practices as a pathway towards sustainable food systems. The level of hunger is ever-increasing, and so is the global population. Regions less industrialized and developed suffer the most as they host growing populations and most of the worlds undernourished. Further intensified in this problem are a culling and unforgiving food systems run by a few conglomerates and a knowledge system driven by a histography of ‘othering’ even in its knowledge creation process. Although there exist institutions such as the United Nations Food and Agricultural programs, these remain relegated to policy and intergovernmental level, in the process, not being mindful of the real food issues faced at the grassroots level. This research study centralizes indigenous food practices to make sense of how rural and indigenous livelihoods such as those located in the Moshana village thrive and survive in a monopolized and urban-centred food climate like South Africa. By interviewing 12 participants, living, and taking part in the Moshana village food systems and employing stringent face-to-face semi-structured interviews, we present an indigenous food system as experienced and shared by Moshana Village Community members. The findings present an array of indigenous and food management practices, perspectives through an African ecological philosophical view. Conceptually inspired by the works of Vandana Shiva and many global south thinkers on seeds, grains and sustainable indigenous food systems, this study hopes to reinsert back the centrality of food in the growing field of African Sociology. The findings clearly show that elderly women are preserving the Sorghum knowledge and preservation processes. These practices have assisted the Moshana Village community members to cope with food shortages and lockdown restrictions during the strict COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa. The study concludes with clear need for the archiving and intergenerational communication of food management within the rural communities. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Uncwadi lwemveli njengovimba wokukhulisa ulwimi lwesiXhosa
- Hela -Gxanyana, Honjiswa Erica
- Authors: Hela -Gxanyana, Honjiswa Erica
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Xhosa literature -- Research Folk literature, Xhosa , Semiotics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59304 , vital:62029
- Description: Umphandi kolu phando uza kugxila ekuphononongeni imiba yolwimi evela kuncwadi lwemveli lwesiXhosa nengqina ukuba olu ncwadi lunguvimba wokukhulisa ulwimi. Uncwadi lwemveli ke luquka iintsomi, iimbali, izibongo, iingoma, izaci namaqhalo, amaqhina, intlalo yakwaNtu ebandakanya iintetho, izifungo, iintsikelelo, iziqhulo, imizobo, izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo nako konke okungqonge intlalo. Apha kolu phando umphandi uza kuqwalasela iintsomi, iimbali, iziqhulo, izaci, amaqhalo nezentlalo yamaXhosa njengovimba wokukhulisa ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Olu ncwadi lunguvimba nomthombo apho amaXhosa angaziphakulela ezidaphela kulwimi oluteketeke kuba xa siqwalasela isixhobo sothiyomagama ezintsomini (onomastics), izibhebhelele zamagama ambaxa akunika umfanekiso ntelekelelo ocace gca wento okanye umntu ekuthethwa ngaye ungakungqina oku. Olu ncwadi lwemveli lwesiXhosa luzibalula ngokwandisa iintetho eziveza iintsingiselo ezahlukileyo zisandisa zikhulisa olu lwimi kude kuyokuthi ga ngokusungulwa kwentethwana ezizizithethantonye ngaloo ndlela lukhule ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Umphandi kolu phando uza kugqoloda kolu ncwadi lwemveli eluveza njengovimba, isisele sokudimbaza ulwimi lwesiXhosa , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of language and Communications, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Hela -Gxanyana, Honjiswa Erica
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Xhosa literature -- Research Folk literature, Xhosa , Semiotics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59304 , vital:62029
- Description: Umphandi kolu phando uza kugxila ekuphononongeni imiba yolwimi evela kuncwadi lwemveli lwesiXhosa nengqina ukuba olu ncwadi lunguvimba wokukhulisa ulwimi. Uncwadi lwemveli ke luquka iintsomi, iimbali, izibongo, iingoma, izaci namaqhalo, amaqhina, intlalo yakwaNtu ebandakanya iintetho, izifungo, iintsikelelo, iziqhulo, imizobo, izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo nako konke okungqonge intlalo. Apha kolu phando umphandi uza kuqwalasela iintsomi, iimbali, iziqhulo, izaci, amaqhalo nezentlalo yamaXhosa njengovimba wokukhulisa ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Olu ncwadi lunguvimba nomthombo apho amaXhosa angaziphakulela ezidaphela kulwimi oluteketeke kuba xa siqwalasela isixhobo sothiyomagama ezintsomini (onomastics), izibhebhelele zamagama ambaxa akunika umfanekiso ntelekelelo ocace gca wento okanye umntu ekuthethwa ngaye ungakungqina oku. Olu ncwadi lwemveli lwesiXhosa luzibalula ngokwandisa iintetho eziveza iintsingiselo ezahlukileyo zisandisa zikhulisa olu lwimi kude kuyokuthi ga ngokusungulwa kwentethwana ezizizithethantonye ngaloo ndlela lukhule ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Umphandi kolu phando uza kugqoloda kolu ncwadi lwemveli eluveza njengovimba, isisele sokudimbaza ulwimi lwesiXhosa , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of language and Communications, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Uptake and storage of nutrients by primary producers in the Swartkops Estuary
- Authors: Whitfield, Emily Cailyn
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Estuarine ecology --South Africa --Swartkops River Estuary , Eutrophication—Research
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59611 , vital:62195
- Description: Estuaries occur at the interface between the terrestrial and marine environment and as such act as the last ‘filtering’ mechanism prior to nutrient pollution entering the adjacent ocean. This study focused on the Swartkops Estuary which is eutrophic and requires the removal of nutrients. The role of phytoplankton as nutrient filters and storage of nutrients by seagrass and salt marsh was investigated. This study found that phytoplankton temporarily took up a large percentage of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (max. 99%) and dissolved silica (max. 76%) and limited amounts of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (max. 18%). The amount of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stored by the salt marsh species Spartina maritima and Salicornia tegetaria and the seagrass species Zostera capensis were determined. It was found that the salt marsh grass Spartina maritima stored the most nutrients (149.61 ± 16.59 N g m-2 ; 105.44 ± 13.41 P g m-2 ; 1690.52 ± 168.90 C g m-2 ), while for the salt marsh succulent Salicornia tegetaria less nutrients were stored (27.01 ± 4.17 N g m-2 ; 22.97 ± 3.21 P g m-2 ; 458.66 ± 69.43 C g m-2 ). Zostera capensis also acted as a nutrient store (22.17 ± 6.94 N g m-2 ; 23.75 ± 4.70 P g m-2 ; 221.10 ± 26.74 C g m-2 ). The macrophytes were able to store nutrients for longer periods and thus prevent these nutrients from being exported into the adjacent ocean. On the contrary, phytoplankton uptake was temporary as the nutrients are released once the bloom decays. Without intervention there will be an increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and fish kills in the eutrophic Swartkops Estuary. Nutrient input from upstream wastewater treatment works, canals and stormwater run-off must be reduced. Conservation and management of the seagrass and salt marsh habitats is needed to ensure the long-term storage of nutrients , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Whitfield, Emily Cailyn
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Estuarine ecology --South Africa --Swartkops River Estuary , Eutrophication—Research
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59611 , vital:62195
- Description: Estuaries occur at the interface between the terrestrial and marine environment and as such act as the last ‘filtering’ mechanism prior to nutrient pollution entering the adjacent ocean. This study focused on the Swartkops Estuary which is eutrophic and requires the removal of nutrients. The role of phytoplankton as nutrient filters and storage of nutrients by seagrass and salt marsh was investigated. This study found that phytoplankton temporarily took up a large percentage of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (max. 99%) and dissolved silica (max. 76%) and limited amounts of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (max. 18%). The amount of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stored by the salt marsh species Spartina maritima and Salicornia tegetaria and the seagrass species Zostera capensis were determined. It was found that the salt marsh grass Spartina maritima stored the most nutrients (149.61 ± 16.59 N g m-2 ; 105.44 ± 13.41 P g m-2 ; 1690.52 ± 168.90 C g m-2 ), while for the salt marsh succulent Salicornia tegetaria less nutrients were stored (27.01 ± 4.17 N g m-2 ; 22.97 ± 3.21 P g m-2 ; 458.66 ± 69.43 C g m-2 ). Zostera capensis also acted as a nutrient store (22.17 ± 6.94 N g m-2 ; 23.75 ± 4.70 P g m-2 ; 221.10 ± 26.74 C g m-2 ). The macrophytes were able to store nutrients for longer periods and thus prevent these nutrients from being exported into the adjacent ocean. On the contrary, phytoplankton uptake was temporary as the nutrients are released once the bloom decays. Without intervention there will be an increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and fish kills in the eutrophic Swartkops Estuary. Nutrient input from upstream wastewater treatment works, canals and stormwater run-off must be reduced. Conservation and management of the seagrass and salt marsh habitats is needed to ensure the long-term storage of nutrients , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Urban space production and sustainable development: a case of waterfall city in Gauteng, South Africa
- Authors: Ntakana, Khulekani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Sustainable urban development -- Gauteng -- South Africa , Gated Communities -- Gauteng -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59633 , vital:62250
- Description: The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new, democratic South Africa. It also brought its own sets of challenges to the country. One such challenge was urban space. Regrettably, the new dispensation inherited still very much race-based urban areas. Urban space is understood to be a social outcome, the result of an historical process, an unequal accumulation of time, a presupposition, and a milieu of social production (Balbim, 2016). The distinguishing feature of urban space in South Africa is the phenomenon of exclusion, which causes deformity, and disappearance of urban structure. Exclusion has become a permanent visual reality in cities in which walled and gated communities divide the urban tissue and take up a large part of the urban space. The social action and struggle against the exclusionary process of globalisation such as the commodification and privatisation of urban space have always been on the international urban agenda. The study’s literature review suggests that government attitudes towards human settlements should change, particularly in terms of policymaking to combat the contemporary urban disparities such as fragmentation (also known as “enclave urbanism”). Fragmented cities do not function as a system but more and more as juxtaposed and uncoordinated fragments drifting apart (Bénit-Gbaffou, 2008). This has an immense impact on several sustainability influencing variables. Urban fragmentation can also have profound effects on human social dynamics and well-being by reducing the number of green spaces in cities. As loss of biodiversity continues, total core area and habitat cohesion decrease while edge density and shape complexity increase. Cities are required to be more sustainable, more accessible, and equal. Cities are now witnessing the emergence of real estate products that are far from achieving the previously mentioned goals, particularly inclusivity. Inclusivity in cities can be achieved by a contemporary urban development approach referred to as ‘inclusive urban space production’. Inclusive urban space production is a pro-poor approach that equally values and incorporates the contributions of all city stakeholders in addressing development issues, including the marginalised groups. The aim of this inquiry was, therefore, to examine factors that influence urban space production to generate a responsive urban space production model, referred to in this study as the “IUSP model”. The study also aimed at examining the role of the state and xx other stakeholders involved in the production of urban space, including the private sector and the community. Participation by all of them is essential to enhance inclusive urban space production for sustainability. A theoretical model for inclusive urban space production was developed based on an intensive literature review. Also, a concurrent partially mixed method design was employed in this inquiry. A study of Waterfall City was conducted to understand exclusive developments and their effect on the larger urban system. And a survey questionnaire was disseminated using random sampling. This was to measure the postulated model. Results from these two concurrent approaches were merged to yield the final model. The findings from the case study were analysed using ATLAS.ti and the findings from the survey questionnaire were analysed using several analyses techniques including EFA, correlation and regression. Both sets of results indicated that the intention to promote inclusive developments is predicted by seventeen dependent variables categorically presented under urban development characteristics, exclusive development enablers, inclusive development barriers, and sustainability criteria. The results of this inquiry are significant because they bring together the interdisciplinary perspectives to discern comprehensively the idea of inclusivity and sustainability in urban space production. The responsive model developed as a key product of this study aims to assist policymakers, planners, designers, landscapers, and developers as a guideline for facilitating inclusive and sustainable urban development. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Ntakana, Khulekani
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Sustainable urban development -- Gauteng -- South Africa , Gated Communities -- Gauteng -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59633 , vital:62250
- Description: The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new, democratic South Africa. It also brought its own sets of challenges to the country. One such challenge was urban space. Regrettably, the new dispensation inherited still very much race-based urban areas. Urban space is understood to be a social outcome, the result of an historical process, an unequal accumulation of time, a presupposition, and a milieu of social production (Balbim, 2016). The distinguishing feature of urban space in South Africa is the phenomenon of exclusion, which causes deformity, and disappearance of urban structure. Exclusion has become a permanent visual reality in cities in which walled and gated communities divide the urban tissue and take up a large part of the urban space. The social action and struggle against the exclusionary process of globalisation such as the commodification and privatisation of urban space have always been on the international urban agenda. The study’s literature review suggests that government attitudes towards human settlements should change, particularly in terms of policymaking to combat the contemporary urban disparities such as fragmentation (also known as “enclave urbanism”). Fragmented cities do not function as a system but more and more as juxtaposed and uncoordinated fragments drifting apart (Bénit-Gbaffou, 2008). This has an immense impact on several sustainability influencing variables. Urban fragmentation can also have profound effects on human social dynamics and well-being by reducing the number of green spaces in cities. As loss of biodiversity continues, total core area and habitat cohesion decrease while edge density and shape complexity increase. Cities are required to be more sustainable, more accessible, and equal. Cities are now witnessing the emergence of real estate products that are far from achieving the previously mentioned goals, particularly inclusivity. Inclusivity in cities can be achieved by a contemporary urban development approach referred to as ‘inclusive urban space production’. Inclusive urban space production is a pro-poor approach that equally values and incorporates the contributions of all city stakeholders in addressing development issues, including the marginalised groups. The aim of this inquiry was, therefore, to examine factors that influence urban space production to generate a responsive urban space production model, referred to in this study as the “IUSP model”. The study also aimed at examining the role of the state and xx other stakeholders involved in the production of urban space, including the private sector and the community. Participation by all of them is essential to enhance inclusive urban space production for sustainability. A theoretical model for inclusive urban space production was developed based on an intensive literature review. Also, a concurrent partially mixed method design was employed in this inquiry. A study of Waterfall City was conducted to understand exclusive developments and their effect on the larger urban system. And a survey questionnaire was disseminated using random sampling. This was to measure the postulated model. Results from these two concurrent approaches were merged to yield the final model. The findings from the case study were analysed using ATLAS.ti and the findings from the survey questionnaire were analysed using several analyses techniques including EFA, correlation and regression. Both sets of results indicated that the intention to promote inclusive developments is predicted by seventeen dependent variables categorically presented under urban development characteristics, exclusive development enablers, inclusive development barriers, and sustainability criteria. The results of this inquiry are significant because they bring together the interdisciplinary perspectives to discern comprehensively the idea of inclusivity and sustainability in urban space production. The responsive model developed as a key product of this study aims to assist policymakers, planners, designers, landscapers, and developers as a guideline for facilitating inclusive and sustainable urban development. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Using spatial explicit capture-recapture model to investigate the demography and spatial dynamics of lion prides in Pilanesberg National Park
- Authors: Bettings, Isabella Aletta
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Lions--Behavior--South Africa , Animals tracks -- Pilanesberg National Park -- North West
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59655 , vital:62318
- Description: Lions are apex predators that play a vital role in the ecosystem. They regulate prey species through predation and other non-consumptive means. Factors that have influenced the decline of lion populations across Africa in the last half century, are loss of habitat, human wildlife conflict and the depletion of prey species. Extensive reintroductions of lions have been conducted across South Africa in order to restore their numbers in protected areas. The Pilanesberg National Park (PNP) was one of many protected areas that reintroduced lions. Their numbers were well documented by management until 2005 where they lost track of the population numbers. During this unfortunate period, there was an observed decline in prey numbers. The aim of this dissertation was to estimate the abundance, movement, and sex ratio of lions, in PNP. Abundance, movement, and sex ratio were determined by a three-month intensive lion survey. The location of each lion encounter was recorded on a mobile device which had an application installed called Cybertracker (v3). Photographs were taken of each Lion to build identification kits. For the data analysis, I used the Bayesian spatial explicit capture-recapture (SECR) model. This model takes time, space, and the robustness of an individual lion into account. Robustness is the measure of how well a lion maintains their functionality, when various stressors are applied (Harmsen, Foster, & Quigley, 2020). The estimated lion population in PNP was 44 lions (>1 year) with a density of 8.8 lions per 100 km2 . The estimated mean home range size of male lions was 279 km2 with a highest probability density (HPD) range of 179 – 385 km2 . The estimated mean home range of female lions was 191 km2 with a HPD range of 135 – 262 km2 . The larger home range size for male lions and smaller home range size for females is found v throughout the African continent in protected areas. The estimated sex ratio was 0.9♀:1♂, which is unexpected as PNP sex ratios between male and female lions is usually 2♀:1♂. A future sampling design for PNP was produced from the completed lion survey dataset. I drove a total of 7350 km and evaluated the influence of varied sampling efforts (i.e., kms driven) on precision estimates and relative bias for abundance, movement, and sex ratio. I found that a minimum of 4 000 km was needed to adequately estimate the lion abundance, movement, and sex ratio in this small fenced protected area. These findings can be used to help guide management to the most cost-effective sampling method and still obtain accurate estimates for monitoring lions. By showing management what is required for appropriate lion surveys this might help improve future monitoring. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Bettings, Isabella Aletta
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Lions--Behavior--South Africa , Animals tracks -- Pilanesberg National Park -- North West
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59655 , vital:62318
- Description: Lions are apex predators that play a vital role in the ecosystem. They regulate prey species through predation and other non-consumptive means. Factors that have influenced the decline of lion populations across Africa in the last half century, are loss of habitat, human wildlife conflict and the depletion of prey species. Extensive reintroductions of lions have been conducted across South Africa in order to restore their numbers in protected areas. The Pilanesberg National Park (PNP) was one of many protected areas that reintroduced lions. Their numbers were well documented by management until 2005 where they lost track of the population numbers. During this unfortunate period, there was an observed decline in prey numbers. The aim of this dissertation was to estimate the abundance, movement, and sex ratio of lions, in PNP. Abundance, movement, and sex ratio were determined by a three-month intensive lion survey. The location of each lion encounter was recorded on a mobile device which had an application installed called Cybertracker (v3). Photographs were taken of each Lion to build identification kits. For the data analysis, I used the Bayesian spatial explicit capture-recapture (SECR) model. This model takes time, space, and the robustness of an individual lion into account. Robustness is the measure of how well a lion maintains their functionality, when various stressors are applied (Harmsen, Foster, & Quigley, 2020). The estimated lion population in PNP was 44 lions (>1 year) with a density of 8.8 lions per 100 km2 . The estimated mean home range size of male lions was 279 km2 with a highest probability density (HPD) range of 179 – 385 km2 . The estimated mean home range of female lions was 191 km2 with a HPD range of 135 – 262 km2 . The larger home range size for male lions and smaller home range size for females is found v throughout the African continent in protected areas. The estimated sex ratio was 0.9♀:1♂, which is unexpected as PNP sex ratios between male and female lions is usually 2♀:1♂. A future sampling design for PNP was produced from the completed lion survey dataset. I drove a total of 7350 km and evaluated the influence of varied sampling efforts (i.e., kms driven) on precision estimates and relative bias for abundance, movement, and sex ratio. I found that a minimum of 4 000 km was needed to adequately estimate the lion abundance, movement, and sex ratio in this small fenced protected area. These findings can be used to help guide management to the most cost-effective sampling method and still obtain accurate estimates for monitoring lions. By showing management what is required for appropriate lion surveys this might help improve future monitoring. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12