'We pledge to improve the health of our entire community'
- Grant, Carolyn, Nawal, Dipty, Guntur, Sai Mala, Kumar, Manish, Chaudhuri, Indrajit, Galavotti, Christine, Mahapatra, Tanmay, Ranjan, Kunal, Kumar, Gangesh, Mohanty, Sunil, Alam, Mohammed Aftab, Das, Aritra, Jiwani, Safia
- Authors: Grant, Carolyn , Nawal, Dipty , Guntur, Sai Mala , Kumar, Manish , Chaudhuri, Indrajit , Galavotti, Christine , Mahapatra, Tanmay , Ranjan, Kunal , Kumar, Gangesh , Mohanty, Sunil , Alam, Mohammed Aftab , Das, Aritra , Jiwani, Safia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281179 , vital:55699 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203265"
- Description: Background: Motivation is critical to health worker performance and work quality. In Bihar, India, frontline health workers provide essential health services for the state’s poorest citizens. Yet, there is a shortfall of motivated and skilled providers and a lack of coordination between two cadres of frontline health workers and their supervisors. CARE India developed an approach aimed at improving health workers’ performance by shifting work culture and strengthening teamwork and motivation. The intervention—“Team-Based Goals and Incentives”—supported health workers to work as teams towards collective goals and rewarded success with public recognition and non-financial incentives. Methods: Thirty months after initiating the intervention, 885 health workers and 98 supervisors completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire in 38 intervention and 38 control health sub-centers in one district. The questionnaire included measures of social cohesion, teamwork attitudes, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, teamwork behaviors, equitable service delivery, taking initiative, and supervisory support. We conducted bivariate analyses to examine the impact of the intervention on these psychosocial and behavioral outcomes. Results: Results show statistically significant differences across several measures between intervention and control frontline health workers, including improved teamwork (mean = 8.8 vs. 7.3), empowerment (8.5 vs. 7.4), job satisfaction (7.1 vs. 5.99) and equitable service delivery (6.7 vs. 4.99). While fewer significant differences were found for supervisors, they reported improved teamwork (8.4 vs. 5.3), and frontline health workers reported improved fulfillment of supervisory duties by their supervisors (8.9 vs. 7.6). Both frontline health workers and supervisors found public recognition and enhanced teamwork more motivating than the non-financial incentives. Conclusions: The Team-Based Goals and Incentives model reinforces intrinsic motivation and supports improvements in the teamwork, motivation, and performance of health workers. It offers an approach to practitioners and governments for improving the work environment in a resource-constrained setting and where there are multiple cadres of health workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Grant, Carolyn , Nawal, Dipty , Guntur, Sai Mala , Kumar, Manish , Chaudhuri, Indrajit , Galavotti, Christine , Mahapatra, Tanmay , Ranjan, Kunal , Kumar, Gangesh , Mohanty, Sunil , Alam, Mohammed Aftab , Das, Aritra , Jiwani, Safia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/281179 , vital:55699 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203265"
- Description: Background: Motivation is critical to health worker performance and work quality. In Bihar, India, frontline health workers provide essential health services for the state’s poorest citizens. Yet, there is a shortfall of motivated and skilled providers and a lack of coordination between two cadres of frontline health workers and their supervisors. CARE India developed an approach aimed at improving health workers’ performance by shifting work culture and strengthening teamwork and motivation. The intervention—“Team-Based Goals and Incentives”—supported health workers to work as teams towards collective goals and rewarded success with public recognition and non-financial incentives. Methods: Thirty months after initiating the intervention, 885 health workers and 98 supervisors completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire in 38 intervention and 38 control health sub-centers in one district. The questionnaire included measures of social cohesion, teamwork attitudes, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, teamwork behaviors, equitable service delivery, taking initiative, and supervisory support. We conducted bivariate analyses to examine the impact of the intervention on these psychosocial and behavioral outcomes. Results: Results show statistically significant differences across several measures between intervention and control frontline health workers, including improved teamwork (mean = 8.8 vs. 7.3), empowerment (8.5 vs. 7.4), job satisfaction (7.1 vs. 5.99) and equitable service delivery (6.7 vs. 4.99). While fewer significant differences were found for supervisors, they reported improved teamwork (8.4 vs. 5.3), and frontline health workers reported improved fulfillment of supervisory duties by their supervisors (8.9 vs. 7.6). Both frontline health workers and supervisors found public recognition and enhanced teamwork more motivating than the non-financial incentives. Conclusions: The Team-Based Goals and Incentives model reinforces intrinsic motivation and supports improvements in the teamwork, motivation, and performance of health workers. It offers an approach to practitioners and governments for improving the work environment in a resource-constrained setting and where there are multiple cadres of health workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A critical review of sanctioned knowledge production concerning abortion in Africa: Implications for feminist health psychology
- Macleod, Catriona I, Chiweshe, Malvern T, Mavuso, Jabulile M-J J
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Chiweshe, Malvern T , Mavuso, Jabulile M-J J
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444212 , vital:74207 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316644294"
- Description: Taking a feminist health psychology approach, we conducted a systematic review of published research on abortion featured in PsycINFO over a 7-year period. We analysed the 39 articles included in the review in terms of countries in which the research was conducted, types of research, issues covered, the way the research was framed and main findings. Despite 97per cent of abortions performed in Africa being classifiable as unsafe, there has been no engagement in knowledge production about abortion in Africa from psychologists, outside of South Africa. Given this, we outline the implications of the current knowledge base for feminism, psychology and feminist health psychology in Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Chiweshe, Malvern T , Mavuso, Jabulile M-J J
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444212 , vital:74207 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316644294"
- Description: Taking a feminist health psychology approach, we conducted a systematic review of published research on abortion featured in PsycINFO over a 7-year period. We analysed the 39 articles included in the review in terms of countries in which the research was conducted, types of research, issues covered, the way the research was framed and main findings. Despite 97per cent of abortions performed in Africa being classifiable as unsafe, there has been no engagement in knowledge production about abortion in Africa from psychologists, outside of South Africa. Given this, we outline the implications of the current knowledge base for feminism, psychology and feminist health psychology in Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A Cross-cultural analysis of the normative indicators of the Beck Depression Inventory II(BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) amongst young adults in the Eastern Cape,South Africa
- Fourie, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-204X
- Authors: Fourie, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-204X
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Stress (Psychology) , Depression, Mental
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25117 , vital:63979
- Description: Mental illness rates are climbing, locally and globally. The World Health Organization (2001) has claimed that one in four people will be affected by a psychiatric disorder during their lifetime. With this in mind, there is an array of psychometric assessment measures that are used as tools to assist in the mental health care field. Two such measures are the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). These measures are used globally to assist with the diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety. However, in South Africa, a paucity of normative indicators exists. This research set out to determine if there are significant differences in performance on the BAI and BDI-II when comparing a sample from the Eastern Cape, South Africa, to the international norms. It was found that performances on the BAI between the local sample and the international sample did not differ significantly. The local sample, on average, performed 4.76 points lower on the BDI-II than those assessed in the international norms. A series of theoretical models are explored in elucidating the findings in this study. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Fourie, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-204X
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Stress (Psychology) , Depression, Mental
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25117 , vital:63979
- Description: Mental illness rates are climbing, locally and globally. The World Health Organization (2001) has claimed that one in four people will be affected by a psychiatric disorder during their lifetime. With this in mind, there is an array of psychometric assessment measures that are used as tools to assist in the mental health care field. Two such measures are the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). These measures are used globally to assist with the diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety. However, in South Africa, a paucity of normative indicators exists. This research set out to determine if there are significant differences in performance on the BAI and BDI-II when comparing a sample from the Eastern Cape, South Africa, to the international norms. It was found that performances on the BAI between the local sample and the international sample did not differ significantly. The local sample, on average, performed 4.76 points lower on the BDI-II than those assessed in the international norms. A series of theoretical models are explored in elucidating the findings in this study. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A gold–chitosan composite with low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine for enhanced singlet oxygen generation and improved photodynamic therapy activity
- Dube, Edith, Oluwole, David O, Prinsloo, Earl, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233397 , vital:50087 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ00801A"
- Description: Novel zinc(II) 3-(4-((3,17,23-tris(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)phthalocyanine-9-yl)oxy)phenyl)propanoic acid (complex 3) was synthesised. Complex 3 was subsequently reacted with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), chitosan (CT) and a gold–chitosan (AuCT) hybrid to form 3-AuNPs, 3-CT and 3-AuCT, respectively. The conjugates afforded a decrease in fluorescence quantum yield with a corresponding increase in the triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic therapy activity (PDT) of complex 3 and 3-AuCT composites were investigated against epithelial breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with both the samples showing minimum dark cytotoxicity. They both accounted for a cell viability of ≥90% at a concentration of ≤59.2 μg mL−1. 3-AuCT showed better PDT activity (compared to 3 alone) with less than 50% viable cells at a concentration of ≥29.6 μg mL−1 making it potentially applicable for PDT. On the other hand, AuCT displayed some activity against cancer cells, probably due to photothermal activity since gold is a light absorber, however it had more than 50% viable cells at a concentration of ≤59.2 μg mL−1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233397 , vital:50087 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ00801A"
- Description: Novel zinc(II) 3-(4-((3,17,23-tris(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)phthalocyanine-9-yl)oxy)phenyl)propanoic acid (complex 3) was synthesised. Complex 3 was subsequently reacted with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), chitosan (CT) and a gold–chitosan (AuCT) hybrid to form 3-AuNPs, 3-CT and 3-AuCT, respectively. The conjugates afforded a decrease in fluorescence quantum yield with a corresponding increase in the triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic therapy activity (PDT) of complex 3 and 3-AuCT composites were investigated against epithelial breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with both the samples showing minimum dark cytotoxicity. They both accounted for a cell viability of ≥90% at a concentration of ≤59.2 μg mL−1. 3-AuCT showed better PDT activity (compared to 3 alone) with less than 50% viable cells at a concentration of ≥29.6 μg mL−1 making it potentially applicable for PDT. On the other hand, AuCT displayed some activity against cancer cells, probably due to photothermal activity since gold is a light absorber, however it had more than 50% viable cells at a concentration of ≤59.2 μg mL−1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A medicinal chemistry study in nitrogen containing heterocycles
- Authors: Lunga, Mayibongwe Junior
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Indole , Tetrazoles , Antimalarials , Heat shock proteins , Plasmodium falciparum
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63521 , vital:28430
- Description: Heterocyclic structures have found extensive utility in the field of medicinal chemistry, as prominent regions of pharmacophores resulting in numerous drug treatments for many diseases. Accordingly, in this project we explored the respective antimalarial and anticancer activity exhibited by compounds featuring nitrogen containing indole and tetrazole heterocycles respectively. This thesis therefore comprises of two distinct parts. Part 1. Following the development of resistance towards traditional antimalarial therapy such as chloroquine and emerging resistance towards artemisinin combination therapies, the WHO reported the urgent need for new, effective drugs and identification of new drug targets to combat the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. In 2015 the parasite was the cause of 429 000 deaths, the majority occurring in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. This highlights the failing effectiveness of vector control strategies, reiterating the need to develop alternative control and treatment strategies. In response to this need we wanted to expand and further describe the SAR of the indole based series, indolyl-3-ethanone-α- thioethers, previously synthesized in our laboratory. These compounds were found to exhibit antimalarial activity with compounds 2.26 and 2.27 exhibiting activity against P. falciparum 3D7 in the nanomolar range. Based on these compounds we synthesized compounds 3.21 and 3.24 – 3.32 following a three step reaction pathway. Our results in this study, indicate that compound 3.28, a pnitrothiophenol analogue of 2.27 was the most active of the compounds we synthesized and furthermore was superior in activity against Plasmodium compared to 2.27. This result indicated that the presence of p-NO2 is important in enhancing anti-plasmodial activity. Comparing compounds 3.25 and 3.26 with an oxygen on the ether bridge to compounds 3.29 and 3.30 with a sulfur, we observed an increase in hydrophilicity coupled to a decrease in anti-plasmodial activity in the compounds, thus, highlighting the importance of sulfur for enhanced activity. Furthermore, we investigated bioisosteric replacement of the 5-chloro substituent present in hit compounds 2.27 and 3.28, with an electron withdrawing nitrile (3.27) and electron donating methyl (3.29) and methoxy (3.31) substituents. These substituents decreased anti-plasmodial activity, confirming that a chlorine substituent is optimal for biological activity. This study furthered our understanding of the SAR of indolyl-3-ethanone-α- thioethers for the development of potent anti-plasmodial lead compounds. Part 2. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which disproportionately affects women of sub-Saharan Africa, is unresponsive to hormone-based therapies. This emergence presents a population of patients devoid of effective drug treatment, signaling the urgent need to develop new effective therapies with novel drug targets. Therefore, we identified our target in TNBC cells as the protein-protein interaction between the co-chaperones HOP and HSP90. We reasoned that a disruption of this interaction would ultimately result in cancer cell death via the degradation of essential oncogenic client proteins. Following a fragment screening campaign, which identified several acid and tetrazole containing hits (4.56 – 4.58) which bound to HOP, with low anticancer activity, we sought to develop synthetic methodology to elaborate our fragment hits synthesizing tetrazole containing fragments to target TNBC cell lines. We therefore proceeded to synthesize a range of multi substituted fragments (4.59 – 4.63), utilizing a nitrile (4.66) to access tetrazoles via 1,3-cycloaddition and an acid by nitrile hydrolysis. We successfully synthesized the tetrazole and acid fragments which are currently undergoing characterization for activity against TNBC. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Lunga, Mayibongwe Junior
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Indole , Tetrazoles , Antimalarials , Heat shock proteins , Plasmodium falciparum
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63521 , vital:28430
- Description: Heterocyclic structures have found extensive utility in the field of medicinal chemistry, as prominent regions of pharmacophores resulting in numerous drug treatments for many diseases. Accordingly, in this project we explored the respective antimalarial and anticancer activity exhibited by compounds featuring nitrogen containing indole and tetrazole heterocycles respectively. This thesis therefore comprises of two distinct parts. Part 1. Following the development of resistance towards traditional antimalarial therapy such as chloroquine and emerging resistance towards artemisinin combination therapies, the WHO reported the urgent need for new, effective drugs and identification of new drug targets to combat the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. In 2015 the parasite was the cause of 429 000 deaths, the majority occurring in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. This highlights the failing effectiveness of vector control strategies, reiterating the need to develop alternative control and treatment strategies. In response to this need we wanted to expand and further describe the SAR of the indole based series, indolyl-3-ethanone-α- thioethers, previously synthesized in our laboratory. These compounds were found to exhibit antimalarial activity with compounds 2.26 and 2.27 exhibiting activity against P. falciparum 3D7 in the nanomolar range. Based on these compounds we synthesized compounds 3.21 and 3.24 – 3.32 following a three step reaction pathway. Our results in this study, indicate that compound 3.28, a pnitrothiophenol analogue of 2.27 was the most active of the compounds we synthesized and furthermore was superior in activity against Plasmodium compared to 2.27. This result indicated that the presence of p-NO2 is important in enhancing anti-plasmodial activity. Comparing compounds 3.25 and 3.26 with an oxygen on the ether bridge to compounds 3.29 and 3.30 with a sulfur, we observed an increase in hydrophilicity coupled to a decrease in anti-plasmodial activity in the compounds, thus, highlighting the importance of sulfur for enhanced activity. Furthermore, we investigated bioisosteric replacement of the 5-chloro substituent present in hit compounds 2.27 and 3.28, with an electron withdrawing nitrile (3.27) and electron donating methyl (3.29) and methoxy (3.31) substituents. These substituents decreased anti-plasmodial activity, confirming that a chlorine substituent is optimal for biological activity. This study furthered our understanding of the SAR of indolyl-3-ethanone-α- thioethers for the development of potent anti-plasmodial lead compounds. Part 2. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which disproportionately affects women of sub-Saharan Africa, is unresponsive to hormone-based therapies. This emergence presents a population of patients devoid of effective drug treatment, signaling the urgent need to develop new effective therapies with novel drug targets. Therefore, we identified our target in TNBC cells as the protein-protein interaction between the co-chaperones HOP and HSP90. We reasoned that a disruption of this interaction would ultimately result in cancer cell death via the degradation of essential oncogenic client proteins. Following a fragment screening campaign, which identified several acid and tetrazole containing hits (4.56 – 4.58) which bound to HOP, with low anticancer activity, we sought to develop synthetic methodology to elaborate our fragment hits synthesizing tetrazole containing fragments to target TNBC cell lines. We therefore proceeded to synthesize a range of multi substituted fragments (4.59 – 4.63), utilizing a nitrile (4.66) to access tetrazoles via 1,3-cycloaddition and an acid by nitrile hydrolysis. We successfully synthesized the tetrazole and acid fragments which are currently undergoing characterization for activity against TNBC. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A peaceful revenge: Achieving structural and agential transformation in a South African context using cognitive justice and emancipatory social learning
- Authors: Burt, Jane C , James, Anna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392049 , vital:68717 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2018.1550312"
- Description: This is an account of the emancipatory struggle that faces agents who seek to change the oppressive social structures associated with neo-liberalism. We begin by ‘digging amongst the bones’ of the calls for resistance that have been declared dead or assimilated/co-opted by neoliberal theorists. This leads us to unearth, then utilize, Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Steve Biko’s Black Consciousness and Shiv Visvanathan's ideas; which are examples of Roy Bhaskar’s transformative dialectic. We argue, using examples, that cognitive justice – a concept common to each of our chosen theorists – is vital in enabling emancipatory social learning. By embracing cognitive justice, the agents gained confidence, which led to their increased ability to champion community and non-academic knowledge. It also uncovered structural tensions – attendant in neoliberalism – around privilege. By articulating these tensions, the participants were able to ‘come closer together’. Such processes, initiated by ensuring cognitive justice, are possible steps in achieving universal solidarity; which is likely to be a necessary step along the path of achieving emancipation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Burt, Jane C , James, Anna
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392049 , vital:68717 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2018.1550312"
- Description: This is an account of the emancipatory struggle that faces agents who seek to change the oppressive social structures associated with neo-liberalism. We begin by ‘digging amongst the bones’ of the calls for resistance that have been declared dead or assimilated/co-opted by neoliberal theorists. This leads us to unearth, then utilize, Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Steve Biko’s Black Consciousness and Shiv Visvanathan's ideas; which are examples of Roy Bhaskar’s transformative dialectic. We argue, using examples, that cognitive justice – a concept common to each of our chosen theorists – is vital in enabling emancipatory social learning. By embracing cognitive justice, the agents gained confidence, which led to their increased ability to champion community and non-academic knowledge. It also uncovered structural tensions – attendant in neoliberalism – around privilege. By articulating these tensions, the participants were able to ‘come closer together’. Such processes, initiated by ensuring cognitive justice, are possible steps in achieving universal solidarity; which is likely to be a necessary step along the path of achieving emancipation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A social realist study of employability development in engineering education
- Authors: Nudelman, Gabrielle Reeve
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Critical realism , Electrical engineering -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa -- Cape Town , Employability , Career education -- South Africa -- Cape Town , School-to-work transition -- South Africa -- Cape Town
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62884 , vital:28307
- Description: This qualitative case study of a course pairing offered to final-year electrical engineering students at the University of Cape Town in 2015 was undertaken in order to better understand the ways in which participation in undergraduate courses can prepare engineering students for the workplace. The course pairing consisted of New Venture Planning and Professional Communication Studies. While the former aimed to expose students to the knowledge relating to starting a new business, the latter focused on teaching students how to create written and oral texts to support such an endeavour. Using Roy Bhaskar’s critical realism as a theoretical underlabourer, the study develops understandings regarding the generative mechanisms at work during the two courses. In support of this, the study posits an understanding of employability that moves beyond the acquisition of discrete workplace skills. Rather, employability is conceptualised as discursive transformation, with students being deemed “work-ready” when they develop discursive identities as engineers. Data generation took place by means of focus group and individual interviews, ethnographic observation and documentary research. Margaret Archer’s social realist tools – in particular, analytical dualism and the morphogenetic framework were used to trace the students’ transformations over the course pairing. It was argued that those students who developed discursive identities of engineers were those who, in Archer’s terms, emerged as social actors at the end of the course pairing. Two characteristics of the courses were found to enable this transformation: those parts that promoted deepened understanding of what the role of “engineer” entailed and the parts that provided spaces for students to develop their own personal identities. The findings of the study indicated that discursive identities as engineers were more likely to be developed through the group work and spaces for reflection engendered by the courses than as a result of the formal curriculum. The implications of the research are that, while a focus on employability in engineering education is valid and productive, this needs to be supported by opportunities for authentic learning experiences which afford students the opportunity to engage in learning that promotes real-life application of knowledge. , Thesis (PhD)--Rhodes University, Faculty of Education, Education, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nudelman, Gabrielle Reeve
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Critical realism , Electrical engineering -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- South Africa -- Cape Town , Employability , Career education -- South Africa -- Cape Town , School-to-work transition -- South Africa -- Cape Town
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62884 , vital:28307
- Description: This qualitative case study of a course pairing offered to final-year electrical engineering students at the University of Cape Town in 2015 was undertaken in order to better understand the ways in which participation in undergraduate courses can prepare engineering students for the workplace. The course pairing consisted of New Venture Planning and Professional Communication Studies. While the former aimed to expose students to the knowledge relating to starting a new business, the latter focused on teaching students how to create written and oral texts to support such an endeavour. Using Roy Bhaskar’s critical realism as a theoretical underlabourer, the study develops understandings regarding the generative mechanisms at work during the two courses. In support of this, the study posits an understanding of employability that moves beyond the acquisition of discrete workplace skills. Rather, employability is conceptualised as discursive transformation, with students being deemed “work-ready” when they develop discursive identities as engineers. Data generation took place by means of focus group and individual interviews, ethnographic observation and documentary research. Margaret Archer’s social realist tools – in particular, analytical dualism and the morphogenetic framework were used to trace the students’ transformations over the course pairing. It was argued that those students who developed discursive identities of engineers were those who, in Archer’s terms, emerged as social actors at the end of the course pairing. Two characteristics of the courses were found to enable this transformation: those parts that promoted deepened understanding of what the role of “engineer” entailed and the parts that provided spaces for students to develop their own personal identities. The findings of the study indicated that discursive identities as engineers were more likely to be developed through the group work and spaces for reflection engendered by the courses than as a result of the formal curriculum. The implications of the research are that, while a focus on employability in engineering education is valid and productive, this needs to be supported by opportunities for authentic learning experiences which afford students the opportunity to engage in learning that promotes real-life application of knowledge. , Thesis (PhD)--Rhodes University, Faculty of Education, Education, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Aligning local government service delivery communication with digital citizen engagement: a case study of Makana Municipality
- Authors: Machiri, Mwazvita Chipo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Political participation South Africa Makana , Municipal services South Africa Makana , Communication in public administration South Africa Makana , Internet in public administration South Africa Makana , Information technology South Africa Makana , Electronic government information South Africa Makana , Government accountability South Africa Makana
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/194146 , vital:45423
- Description: The effective management of local municipalities in South Africa determines the quality of service delivery to citizens. Policies and other legislation have been implemented in an attempt to improve service delivery backlogs in South Africa since post-apartheid. However, these have not been effective in meeting community needs, hence leading to poor service delivery and increased community protests of frustration. These problems are partly linked to the lack of communication between government and citizens, and within internal government. Government needs to be held accountable for the services it provides, and improve on these services through practicing transparency, providing information to citizens, and allowing citizens to provide feedback on the various challenges experienced. Information access and communication is vital to the citizen engagement process, as this supports evidence-based engagement between citizens and government. Over the most recent years, innovative ICTs have emerged as a critical strategic tool in facilitating communication between the government and its citizens, commonly referred to as digital citizen engagement. The effective implementation of such initiatives at the local government level, especially in resource-constrained contexts, is not straightforward. This research aims to develop a guiding framework for aligning municipal communication processes with innovative ICTs to support ongoing social accountability and transparency through citizen engagement in local municipalities. The formulation of this framework is built on the Adaptive Structuration Theory, which is based on studying organisational change that occurs due to implementation and adoption of technology. Using a pragmatist approach and case study of Makana Municipality, the research study investigates a digital citizen engagement initiative called MobiSAM (Mobile Social Accountability Monitoring). The key findings from the qualitative empirical investigation indicates that there are significant social and political factors to consider when aligning Digital Citizen Engagement initiatives in a resource-constrained environment. The findings illustrated that the change and alignment process of DCE in local municipalities rely on a diverse set of inputs from different stakeholders, and a dynamic change process, which result in key citizen engagement outcomes of empowerment, accountability, transparency, and increased engagement depending – all depending on the success of the process. The extent of the outcomes will vary with the effectiveness of change management, idea generation, and participation, which Preliminaries are impacted by perceived usefulness, attitude towards the system, and the intentions of the user. The proposed framework provides a guideline for the implementation and introduction of innovations ICTs for citizen engagement at local government level. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Information Systems, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Machiri, Mwazvita Chipo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Political participation South Africa Makana , Municipal services South Africa Makana , Communication in public administration South Africa Makana , Internet in public administration South Africa Makana , Information technology South Africa Makana , Electronic government information South Africa Makana , Government accountability South Africa Makana
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/194146 , vital:45423
- Description: The effective management of local municipalities in South Africa determines the quality of service delivery to citizens. Policies and other legislation have been implemented in an attempt to improve service delivery backlogs in South Africa since post-apartheid. However, these have not been effective in meeting community needs, hence leading to poor service delivery and increased community protests of frustration. These problems are partly linked to the lack of communication between government and citizens, and within internal government. Government needs to be held accountable for the services it provides, and improve on these services through practicing transparency, providing information to citizens, and allowing citizens to provide feedback on the various challenges experienced. Information access and communication is vital to the citizen engagement process, as this supports evidence-based engagement between citizens and government. Over the most recent years, innovative ICTs have emerged as a critical strategic tool in facilitating communication between the government and its citizens, commonly referred to as digital citizen engagement. The effective implementation of such initiatives at the local government level, especially in resource-constrained contexts, is not straightforward. This research aims to develop a guiding framework for aligning municipal communication processes with innovative ICTs to support ongoing social accountability and transparency through citizen engagement in local municipalities. The formulation of this framework is built on the Adaptive Structuration Theory, which is based on studying organisational change that occurs due to implementation and adoption of technology. Using a pragmatist approach and case study of Makana Municipality, the research study investigates a digital citizen engagement initiative called MobiSAM (Mobile Social Accountability Monitoring). The key findings from the qualitative empirical investigation indicates that there are significant social and political factors to consider when aligning Digital Citizen Engagement initiatives in a resource-constrained environment. The findings illustrated that the change and alignment process of DCE in local municipalities rely on a diverse set of inputs from different stakeholders, and a dynamic change process, which result in key citizen engagement outcomes of empowerment, accountability, transparency, and increased engagement depending – all depending on the success of the process. The extent of the outcomes will vary with the effectiveness of change management, idea generation, and participation, which Preliminaries are impacted by perceived usefulness, attitude towards the system, and the intentions of the user. The proposed framework provides a guideline for the implementation and introduction of innovations ICTs for citizen engagement at local government level. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Information Systems, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An invastigation into factors that contribute to elder abuse: a case study of mount frère town in the umzimvubu local municipality
- Authors: Rasmeni, Nosabelo Lusanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Older people -- Abuse of , Abused elderly -- Services for
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19625 , vital:43153
- Description: The aim of this study was to explore factors which contribute to elder abuse in Mount Frere Town, in the Umzimvubu Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. A qualitative approach was used to allow for the achievement of the research aim which was to explore contributory factors towards elderly abuse in Mount Frere Town. A purposive sampling approach was used to select participants in accordance with their experiences and required characteristics. A total sample of fourteen participants was selected. The data was obtained through focus group interviews, using an interview schedule (Appendix B, C, D and E) as an interview guide and the interview sessions were all recorded with an audio recorder. Separate interview schedules were used for the focus groups with the elderly participants (Appendix B – English version and D- IsiXhosa version) and the group consisting of caregivers (Appendix C – English version and E – IsiXhosa version). Thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret results. Eight main themes were identified, namely: Living Conditions, Daily Activities, Age and Gender, Alcohol Consumption, Family Victimization, Offender Related Factors, Elderly Protection, and Intervention. These themes were identified under chapter four and discussed in the subsequent chapter. Respective sub-themes were identified under each theme and were discussed comprehensively. Key to all these themes was that most perpetrators of elderly abuse were family members, relatives and neighbours of the victim. Also worth noting is the revelation that elderly people, especially those who live in the rural areas are mostly living alone or with little children and are, therefore, without protection. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Criminology) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Rasmeni, Nosabelo Lusanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Older people -- Abuse of , Abused elderly -- Services for
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19625 , vital:43153
- Description: The aim of this study was to explore factors which contribute to elder abuse in Mount Frere Town, in the Umzimvubu Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. A qualitative approach was used to allow for the achievement of the research aim which was to explore contributory factors towards elderly abuse in Mount Frere Town. A purposive sampling approach was used to select participants in accordance with their experiences and required characteristics. A total sample of fourteen participants was selected. The data was obtained through focus group interviews, using an interview schedule (Appendix B, C, D and E) as an interview guide and the interview sessions were all recorded with an audio recorder. Separate interview schedules were used for the focus groups with the elderly participants (Appendix B – English version and D- IsiXhosa version) and the group consisting of caregivers (Appendix C – English version and E – IsiXhosa version). Thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret results. Eight main themes were identified, namely: Living Conditions, Daily Activities, Age and Gender, Alcohol Consumption, Family Victimization, Offender Related Factors, Elderly Protection, and Intervention. These themes were identified under chapter four and discussed in the subsequent chapter. Respective sub-themes were identified under each theme and were discussed comprehensively. Key to all these themes was that most perpetrators of elderly abuse were family members, relatives and neighbours of the victim. Also worth noting is the revelation that elderly people, especially those who live in the rural areas are mostly living alone or with little children and are, therefore, without protection. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Criminology) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An investigation into factors influencing lack of improvement towards achieving compliance with the quality national core standards in KSD clinics, O.R. Tambo District
- Authors: Mnyamana, Tozama Nobom
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health facilities--Standards , Health facilities--South Africa , Medical care--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19498 , vital:43133
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with lack of improvement in the health care provided towards achieving compliance with the National Core Standards (NCS) in King Sabata Dalindyebo (KSD) sub-district clinics, in OR Tambo District in the Eastern Cape. A quantitative design was seen as the most suitable for this study. This method was chosen as the one that would best assist the researcher to meet the objectives of the study. A purposive sampling method was chosen, according to which the researcher selected five sites; all clinics that had been previously inspected for quality standards by the Office of Health Standards Compliance at least once. Participants for the study were all employees of those clinics and one representative of the governing structure of each. Twenty-eight participants in total formed part of the study as two did not return their responses. For collecting data from the participants, self-administered questionnaires were used. Throughout the data collection process, ethical standards of nursing research regarding anonymity, confidentiality and privacy were adhered to. Collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. The distribution of results is presented in tables and bar graphs. The results of the study reveal that a quality-oriented culture is lacking in our clinics with poor participation of clinics teams in quality improvement processes. Leadership and management at clinic level need strengthening. It was also found that there is insufficient capacitation of departmental strategic shift innovations, revealed in the complete absence of information sharing and feedback regarding previous assessments. In addition, there is a shortage of resources including basic equipment in clinics. , Thesis (MPH) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mnyamana, Tozama Nobom
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Health facilities--Standards , Health facilities--South Africa , Medical care--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19498 , vital:43133
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with lack of improvement in the health care provided towards achieving compliance with the National Core Standards (NCS) in King Sabata Dalindyebo (KSD) sub-district clinics, in OR Tambo District in the Eastern Cape. A quantitative design was seen as the most suitable for this study. This method was chosen as the one that would best assist the researcher to meet the objectives of the study. A purposive sampling method was chosen, according to which the researcher selected five sites; all clinics that had been previously inspected for quality standards by the Office of Health Standards Compliance at least once. Participants for the study were all employees of those clinics and one representative of the governing structure of each. Twenty-eight participants in total formed part of the study as two did not return their responses. For collecting data from the participants, self-administered questionnaires were used. Throughout the data collection process, ethical standards of nursing research regarding anonymity, confidentiality and privacy were adhered to. Collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. The distribution of results is presented in tables and bar graphs. The results of the study reveal that a quality-oriented culture is lacking in our clinics with poor participation of clinics teams in quality improvement processes. Leadership and management at clinic level need strengthening. It was also found that there is insufficient capacitation of departmental strategic shift innovations, revealed in the complete absence of information sharing and feedback regarding previous assessments. In addition, there is a shortage of resources including basic equipment in clinics. , Thesis (MPH) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An investigation into the bacterial communities associated with pyrroloiminoquinone-producing South African latrunculid sponges
- Authors: Hilliar, Storm Hannah
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sponges South Africa Algoa Bay , Betaproteobacteria , Spirochaeta , Symbiosis , Bacterial communities
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62112 , vital:28128
- Description: Marine sponges belonging to the family Latrunculiidae are known for their production of cytotoxic pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids and the South African coast provides a unique environment for the exploitation of these potent bioactive compounds. The isolation of structurally similar pyrroloiminoquinone compounds from unrelated, non poriferan sources has led to the suggestion that South African latrunculid pyrroloiminoquinones may be secondary metabolites produced by sponge associated microbial symbionts. Previous studies investigating the bacterial communities of South African latrunculid sponges have shown the conservation of distinct microbial populations with unusual bacterial taxa dominated by a novel betaproteobacterial and spirochete species. This study describes the further investigation into these associated bacterial communities, their conservation and sponge microbiome comparisons across spatial, temporal and environmental scales. The bacterial communities associated with seven latrunculid species representing three genera (Tsitsikamma, Cyclacanthia and Latrunculia) were characterized as well as a Mycale and Tethya rubra species. Latrunculid sponge microbiomes were significantly different from those associated with sympatric outlier sponge species and the surrounding environment. The bacterial communities associated with latrunculid sponges appear host specific with the conservation of two dominant bacterial symbionts which mirror the phylogeny of their host species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Hilliar, Storm Hannah
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sponges South Africa Algoa Bay , Betaproteobacteria , Spirochaeta , Symbiosis , Bacterial communities
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62112 , vital:28128
- Description: Marine sponges belonging to the family Latrunculiidae are known for their production of cytotoxic pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids and the South African coast provides a unique environment for the exploitation of these potent bioactive compounds. The isolation of structurally similar pyrroloiminoquinone compounds from unrelated, non poriferan sources has led to the suggestion that South African latrunculid pyrroloiminoquinones may be secondary metabolites produced by sponge associated microbial symbionts. Previous studies investigating the bacterial communities of South African latrunculid sponges have shown the conservation of distinct microbial populations with unusual bacterial taxa dominated by a novel betaproteobacterial and spirochete species. This study describes the further investigation into these associated bacterial communities, their conservation and sponge microbiome comparisons across spatial, temporal and environmental scales. The bacterial communities associated with seven latrunculid species representing three genera (Tsitsikamma, Cyclacanthia and Latrunculia) were characterized as well as a Mycale and Tethya rubra species. Latrunculid sponge microbiomes were significantly different from those associated with sympatric outlier sponge species and the surrounding environment. The bacterial communities associated with latrunculid sponges appear host specific with the conservation of two dominant bacterial symbionts which mirror the phylogeny of their host species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An investigation of the challenges associated with conducting home visits in rural areas, from the lenses of social workers: the case of Raymond Mhlaba Municipality - Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Nguza, Zizipho Zintle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-3183
- Authors: Nguza, Zizipho Zintle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-3183
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Home-based family services http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh89005719 , Social workers http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85124114 , Sociology, Rural http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85124229
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19523 , vital:43135
- Description: This study strove to understand the challenges encountered by social workers in conducting home visits in rural areas of the Eastern Cape in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. The intention was to achieve the following objectives; (i) establish the kind of problems that social workers attend to when conducting home visits in rural areas, (ii) investigate the challenges that social workers encounter in the provision of home visits in rural areas, (iii) establish the support services offered to the social workers by their organisations; from the lenses of both social workers and supervisors. The study employed the qualitative approach and was guided by a qualitative research design in the form of a case study. It also employed in-depth one-on-one interviews complemented by both focus group discussions and social work participants as methods of data collection. The study used non-probability sampling technique, specifically the purposive sampling of twenty five (25) social work stakeholders. The sample comprised twenty (20) social workers, both female and male participants and five (5) supervisors. Data was analysed qualitatively through content thematic data analysis which used interpretative approaches and textual presentation. The study revealed the following findings: that social workers in Raymond Mhlaba municipality dealt with an immense range of social problems such as poverty, unemployment, crime, HIV and AIDS, orphanhood, child headed households, marital discord, violence against women and children, abuse of families and persons with disability and mismanagement of social grants. The study recommends employee assistance programmes so that independent counselling and supportive services could be provided for social workers working in rural areas. Regular in-service training programmes can play a vital role in helping staff handle pressure and avoid occupational stress. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Social Work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nguza, Zizipho Zintle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-3183
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Home-based family services http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh89005719 , Social workers http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85124114 , Sociology, Rural http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85124229
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19523 , vital:43135
- Description: This study strove to understand the challenges encountered by social workers in conducting home visits in rural areas of the Eastern Cape in Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. The intention was to achieve the following objectives; (i) establish the kind of problems that social workers attend to when conducting home visits in rural areas, (ii) investigate the challenges that social workers encounter in the provision of home visits in rural areas, (iii) establish the support services offered to the social workers by their organisations; from the lenses of both social workers and supervisors. The study employed the qualitative approach and was guided by a qualitative research design in the form of a case study. It also employed in-depth one-on-one interviews complemented by both focus group discussions and social work participants as methods of data collection. The study used non-probability sampling technique, specifically the purposive sampling of twenty five (25) social work stakeholders. The sample comprised twenty (20) social workers, both female and male participants and five (5) supervisors. Data was analysed qualitatively through content thematic data analysis which used interpretative approaches and textual presentation. The study revealed the following findings: that social workers in Raymond Mhlaba municipality dealt with an immense range of social problems such as poverty, unemployment, crime, HIV and AIDS, orphanhood, child headed households, marital discord, violence against women and children, abuse of families and persons with disability and mismanagement of social grants. The study recommends employee assistance programmes so that independent counselling and supportive services could be provided for social workers working in rural areas. Regular in-service training programmes can play a vital role in helping staff handle pressure and avoid occupational stress. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Social Work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Assessment of the human health implications of climate variability in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Orimoloye, Israel Ropo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-2799
- Authors: Orimoloye, Israel Ropo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-2799
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Climatic changes http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85027037
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19715 , vital:43171
- Description: Impacts associated with climate variability and extreme heat are already obvious in varying degrees and expected to be disruptive in the near future across the globe especially in the urban regions. Urban areas have distinctive features that leave their residents and properties vulnerable to extreme climate events. Global temperatures continue to change, reaching new levels almost every year for the past two decades. However, even though the causes are debated it is evident that climate variability is real. Climate variability and disaster risk are threats to human health that adversely reinforce each other. Better knowledge on the association between climate change, variability and extreme weather-related illness is needed and can aid strategies to reduce vulnerabilities. The impacts of climate variability on the health of residents in East London (EL) area in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa were explored through four interdependent research segments. The first section examined the climate variability and urban surface thermal characteristics implication on human health using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Remote sensing was used to assess the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and estimated Radiation (R) of East London area from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images for 1986, 1996, 2006 as well as from Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) for 2016 spanning a period of 30 years. Rapid urbanization and land cover changes in this area have contributed significantly to this drastic change in the natural land surface characteristics (increased land surface temperature and surface solar radiation). For instance, vegetation cover declined by about 358.812km2 while built-up areas increased by 175.473km2 during this period which correlates with the area thermal characteristics changes. Radiation levels also increased over the years with values exceeding the global solar radiation index. Exposure to increased surface radiation poses risks of heat stroke, skin cancer and heart disease to the local population. Consequently, this study provides pertinent information on human health sustainability and epidemiological case management. The second part explored past temperature and humidity trends (1986-2016) and projects future trends (2017-2030). The historical data of meteorological variables were obtained from the archives of the South African Weather Service and analyzed using the ordinary least square regression model in GRETL (GNU Regression Econometric and Time-series Library) statistical software. This study discovered a local consistency between models and the observations add to existing knowledge and this is crucial in knowing the shifts in climatic change as well as recognizing variability and its conflicting effects on human health, environment, agriculture, ecological sustainability and socioeconomic status in the region. The third segment assessed the potential impacts of climate variability on health using existing heat indices during the study period. The results demonstrated that in East London from 1986 to 2016 during summer and autumn (December to May) of various years exceeded high heat index values. It is obvious that summer and autumn months are more vulnerable to heat extreme and humidex. The humidex and Heat Index (HI) increased annually by 0.03 percent and 0.9 percent respectively throughout the study period. The increment in the various indices showed highly significant ill-health and environmental impacts on humans especially with prolonged exposure. The last segment appraised the association between climatic elements and epidemiological incidences of the study area between 2012 and 2016. The epidemiology incidences data were obtained from the archives of the Cecilia Makiwane Hospital in East London area and National Tertiary Service Grant (NTSG) database for the period. The results have showed that there exists significant effects of climate variability on the health of East London residents and these have been identified to have negative impacts on health of the people in the area. This study also revealed noticeable impacts of extreme heat on human health and a positive correlation between meteorological components (HI and temperature) and epidemiological cases (cardiovascular, skin cancer and diarrhea) during the study period. , Thesis (PhD) (Geography) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Orimoloye, Israel Ropo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-2799
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Climatic changes http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85027037
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19715 , vital:43171
- Description: Impacts associated with climate variability and extreme heat are already obvious in varying degrees and expected to be disruptive in the near future across the globe especially in the urban regions. Urban areas have distinctive features that leave their residents and properties vulnerable to extreme climate events. Global temperatures continue to change, reaching new levels almost every year for the past two decades. However, even though the causes are debated it is evident that climate variability is real. Climate variability and disaster risk are threats to human health that adversely reinforce each other. Better knowledge on the association between climate change, variability and extreme weather-related illness is needed and can aid strategies to reduce vulnerabilities. The impacts of climate variability on the health of residents in East London (EL) area in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa were explored through four interdependent research segments. The first section examined the climate variability and urban surface thermal characteristics implication on human health using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Remote sensing was used to assess the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and estimated Radiation (R) of East London area from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images for 1986, 1996, 2006 as well as from Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) for 2016 spanning a period of 30 years. Rapid urbanization and land cover changes in this area have contributed significantly to this drastic change in the natural land surface characteristics (increased land surface temperature and surface solar radiation). For instance, vegetation cover declined by about 358.812km2 while built-up areas increased by 175.473km2 during this period which correlates with the area thermal characteristics changes. Radiation levels also increased over the years with values exceeding the global solar radiation index. Exposure to increased surface radiation poses risks of heat stroke, skin cancer and heart disease to the local population. Consequently, this study provides pertinent information on human health sustainability and epidemiological case management. The second part explored past temperature and humidity trends (1986-2016) and projects future trends (2017-2030). The historical data of meteorological variables were obtained from the archives of the South African Weather Service and analyzed using the ordinary least square regression model in GRETL (GNU Regression Econometric and Time-series Library) statistical software. This study discovered a local consistency between models and the observations add to existing knowledge and this is crucial in knowing the shifts in climatic change as well as recognizing variability and its conflicting effects on human health, environment, agriculture, ecological sustainability and socioeconomic status in the region. The third segment assessed the potential impacts of climate variability on health using existing heat indices during the study period. The results demonstrated that in East London from 1986 to 2016 during summer and autumn (December to May) of various years exceeded high heat index values. It is obvious that summer and autumn months are more vulnerable to heat extreme and humidex. The humidex and Heat Index (HI) increased annually by 0.03 percent and 0.9 percent respectively throughout the study period. The increment in the various indices showed highly significant ill-health and environmental impacts on humans especially with prolonged exposure. The last segment appraised the association between climatic elements and epidemiological incidences of the study area between 2012 and 2016. The epidemiology incidences data were obtained from the archives of the Cecilia Makiwane Hospital in East London area and National Tertiary Service Grant (NTSG) database for the period. The results have showed that there exists significant effects of climate variability on the health of East London residents and these have been identified to have negative impacts on health of the people in the area. This study also revealed noticeable impacts of extreme heat on human health and a positive correlation between meteorological components (HI and temperature) and epidemiological cases (cardiovascular, skin cancer and diarrhea) during the study period. , Thesis (PhD) (Geography) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Bioprospecting for amylases, cellulases and xylanases from ericoid associated fungi, their production and characterisation for the bio-economy
- Authors: Adeoyo, Olusegun Richard
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mycorrhizal fungi , Hydrolases , Ericaceae South Africa , Ericaceae Molecular aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64327 , vital:28533
- Description: South Africa is one of the most productive areas for ericaceous plants with about 850 identified species in the Cape Floral Region. The Albany Centre of Endemism where all fungi used in this study were isolated from, falls within this region. Ericaceous plants interact with some fungi via an association called the ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) association. All fungi used in this study were isolated from roots of six ericaceous plants; Erica cerinthoides, Erica demissa, Erica chamissonis, Erica glumiflora, Erica caffra and Erica nemorosa. Fungal enzymes are known to play a significant role in the food, brewing, detergent, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. The enzyme industry is among the major sectors of the world, and additional novel sources are being explored from time to time. This study focussed on amylases (amyloglucosidase, AMG), cellulases (endoglucanase) and xylanases (endo-1,4-P-xylanase) production from ERM fungal isolates. Out of the fifty-one (51), fungal isolates screened, ChemRU330 (Leohumicola sp.), EdRU083 and EdRU002 were among the fungi that had the highest activities of all the enzymes. They were tested for the ability to produce amylases and cellulases under different pH and nutritional conditions that included: carbon sources, nitrogen sources and metal ions, at an optimum temperature of 28°C in a modified Melin-Norkrans (MMN) liquid medium. Cellulase specific activity of 3.99, 2.18 and 4.31 (U/mg protein) for isolates EdRU083, EdRU002 and ChemRU330, respectively, was produced at an optimal pH of 5.0. For amylase, ChemRU330 had the highest specific activity of 1.11 U/mg protein while EdRU083 and EdRU02 had a specific activity of 0.80 and 0.92 U/mg protein, respectively, at the same pH with corresponding biomass yield of 113, 125 and 97 mg/50 ml, respectively. Increased enzyme activities and improved mycelial biomass production were obtained in the presence of supplements such as potassium, sodium, glucose, maltose, cellobiose, tryptone and peptone, while NaFe-EDTA and cobalt inhibited enzyme activity. ChemRU330 was selected to determine the consistency and amount of amylase, cellulase and xylanase formed after several in vitro subculturing events. AMG and endo-1,4-P-xylanase were found to have the most consistent production throughout the study period. The AMG was stable at 45oC (pH 5.0), retaining approximately 65% activity over a period of 24 h. The molecular mass of AMG and endo-1,4-P-xylanase were estimated to be 101 kDa and 72 kDa, respectively. The Km and kcat were 0.38 mg/ml and 70 s-1, respectively, using soluble starch (AMG). For endo-1,4-P-xylanase, the Km and Vmax were 0.93 mg/ml and 8.54 U/ml, respectively, using beechwood xylan (endo-1,4-P-xylanase) as substrate. Additionally, crude extracts of five root endophytes with unique morphological characteristics were screened for antibacterial properties and was followed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). L. incrustata (ChemRU330) and Chaetomium sp. extracts exhibited varying degrees of inhibition against two Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The crude extract of L. incrustata was the most effective which was found to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 1 mg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC: 2 mg/ml) and Proteus vulgaris (MIC: 16 mg/ml). The L. incrustata displayed potential for antibacterial production and could be considered as an additional source of new antimicrobial agents in drug and food preservation. Also, the three isolates used for enzyme production were identified to genus and species levels, i.e., Leohumicola incrustata (ChemRU330), Leohumicola sp. (EdRU083) and Oidiodendron sp. (EdRU002) using both ITS and Cox1 DNA regions. The molecular analysis results indicated that these ERM mycorrhizal fungi were similar to those successfully described by some researchers in South Africa and Australia. Therefore, this study opens new opportunities for exploring ERM fungal biomolecules for the bio-economy. The promising physicochemical properties, starch and xylan hydrolysis end- products, and being non-pathogenic make AMG and endo-1,4-P-xylanase potential candidates for future applications as additives in the food industry for the production of glucose, glucose syrups, high-fructose corn syrups, and as well as the production of bioethanol. Finally, the findings of this study revealed that it is possible to produce hydrolytic enzymes from ERM fungi in vitro using chemically defined media. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Adeoyo, Olusegun Richard
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Mycorrhizal fungi , Hydrolases , Ericaceae South Africa , Ericaceae Molecular aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64327 , vital:28533
- Description: South Africa is one of the most productive areas for ericaceous plants with about 850 identified species in the Cape Floral Region. The Albany Centre of Endemism where all fungi used in this study were isolated from, falls within this region. Ericaceous plants interact with some fungi via an association called the ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) association. All fungi used in this study were isolated from roots of six ericaceous plants; Erica cerinthoides, Erica demissa, Erica chamissonis, Erica glumiflora, Erica caffra and Erica nemorosa. Fungal enzymes are known to play a significant role in the food, brewing, detergent, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. The enzyme industry is among the major sectors of the world, and additional novel sources are being explored from time to time. This study focussed on amylases (amyloglucosidase, AMG), cellulases (endoglucanase) and xylanases (endo-1,4-P-xylanase) production from ERM fungal isolates. Out of the fifty-one (51), fungal isolates screened, ChemRU330 (Leohumicola sp.), EdRU083 and EdRU002 were among the fungi that had the highest activities of all the enzymes. They were tested for the ability to produce amylases and cellulases under different pH and nutritional conditions that included: carbon sources, nitrogen sources and metal ions, at an optimum temperature of 28°C in a modified Melin-Norkrans (MMN) liquid medium. Cellulase specific activity of 3.99, 2.18 and 4.31 (U/mg protein) for isolates EdRU083, EdRU002 and ChemRU330, respectively, was produced at an optimal pH of 5.0. For amylase, ChemRU330 had the highest specific activity of 1.11 U/mg protein while EdRU083 and EdRU02 had a specific activity of 0.80 and 0.92 U/mg protein, respectively, at the same pH with corresponding biomass yield of 113, 125 and 97 mg/50 ml, respectively. Increased enzyme activities and improved mycelial biomass production were obtained in the presence of supplements such as potassium, sodium, glucose, maltose, cellobiose, tryptone and peptone, while NaFe-EDTA and cobalt inhibited enzyme activity. ChemRU330 was selected to determine the consistency and amount of amylase, cellulase and xylanase formed after several in vitro subculturing events. AMG and endo-1,4-P-xylanase were found to have the most consistent production throughout the study period. The AMG was stable at 45oC (pH 5.0), retaining approximately 65% activity over a period of 24 h. The molecular mass of AMG and endo-1,4-P-xylanase were estimated to be 101 kDa and 72 kDa, respectively. The Km and kcat were 0.38 mg/ml and 70 s-1, respectively, using soluble starch (AMG). For endo-1,4-P-xylanase, the Km and Vmax were 0.93 mg/ml and 8.54 U/ml, respectively, using beechwood xylan (endo-1,4-P-xylanase) as substrate. Additionally, crude extracts of five root endophytes with unique morphological characteristics were screened for antibacterial properties and was followed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). L. incrustata (ChemRU330) and Chaetomium sp. extracts exhibited varying degrees of inhibition against two Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The crude extract of L. incrustata was the most effective which was found to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 1 mg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (MIC: 2 mg/ml) and Proteus vulgaris (MIC: 16 mg/ml). The L. incrustata displayed potential for antibacterial production and could be considered as an additional source of new antimicrobial agents in drug and food preservation. Also, the three isolates used for enzyme production were identified to genus and species levels, i.e., Leohumicola incrustata (ChemRU330), Leohumicola sp. (EdRU083) and Oidiodendron sp. (EdRU002) using both ITS and Cox1 DNA regions. The molecular analysis results indicated that these ERM mycorrhizal fungi were similar to those successfully described by some researchers in South Africa and Australia. Therefore, this study opens new opportunities for exploring ERM fungal biomolecules for the bio-economy. The promising physicochemical properties, starch and xylan hydrolysis end- products, and being non-pathogenic make AMG and endo-1,4-P-xylanase potential candidates for future applications as additives in the food industry for the production of glucose, glucose syrups, high-fructose corn syrups, and as well as the production of bioethanol. Finally, the findings of this study revealed that it is possible to produce hydrolytic enzymes from ERM fungi in vitro using chemically defined media. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Characterization and computational studies of a co-crystal of 2-aminobenzimidazole and 2-[(benzoylcarbamothioyl) amino] propanoic acid
- Odame, Felix, Hosten, Eric C, Betz, Richard, Lobb, Kevin A, Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Authors: Odame, Felix , Hosten, Eric C , Betz, Richard , Lobb, Kevin A , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447030 , vital:74578 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022476618050268"
- Description: A novel co-crystal of 2-aminobenzimidazole and 2-[(benzoylcarbamothioyl)amino] propanoic acid is synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy, elemental analysis, GC-MS, and single crystal XRD. A computation of the structures involved in the formation of the co-crystal are carried out and their contribution to reactivity is explained.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Odame, Felix , Hosten, Eric C , Betz, Richard , Lobb, Kevin A , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447030 , vital:74578 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022476618050268"
- Description: A novel co-crystal of 2-aminobenzimidazole and 2-[(benzoylcarbamothioyl)amino] propanoic acid is synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy, elemental analysis, GC-MS, and single crystal XRD. A computation of the structures involved in the formation of the co-crystal are carried out and their contribution to reactivity is explained.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Chipangano: vigilantism and community responses in Mbare District, Zimbabwe, c.2000-2013
- Authors: Munyarari, Tinashe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Vigilantism Zimbabwe Mbare , ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Zimbabwe History 1980- , Vigilantism Zimbabwe Mbare Public opinion , Collective memory Zimbabwe Mbare
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62126 , vital:28130
- Description: This study examines an aspect of Zimbabwe’s political history, namely the emergence and operations of Chipangano vigilante group in Mbare (2000-2013) and how the community responded to the scourges of this vigilante group. This study shows that Chipangano, which means a pact, was formed with the intention to extend ZANU-PF patronage system, canvassing support and regain control of Mbare district from the MDC. The group consolidated itself as a shadow militia group for ZANU-PF that intimidated the opposition parties and coerced the general populace to attend ZANU-PF functions. It also shows that the vigilante group seized Harare City Council’s duties, such as collecting gate-takings from local and long distance public transport at Mbare Bus Terminal; controlling allocations of market stalls and collecting rents from market stalls, for personal benefits. The group also politicised the access to local state property. Chipangano’s collusion with ZANU-PF and state structures licensed it to engage in criminal activities with impunity, thus this thesis seeks to understand the relationship between the vigilantes, ZANU-PF and state structures. The activities of Chipangano such as abduction, intimidation, beatings, killings and displacement of people resulted in social trauma. This thesis will also explore how this phase of violence is remembered today by the research informants. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Munyarari, Tinashe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Vigilantism Zimbabwe Mbare , ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Zimbabwe History 1980- , Vigilantism Zimbabwe Mbare Public opinion , Collective memory Zimbabwe Mbare
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62126 , vital:28130
- Description: This study examines an aspect of Zimbabwe’s political history, namely the emergence and operations of Chipangano vigilante group in Mbare (2000-2013) and how the community responded to the scourges of this vigilante group. This study shows that Chipangano, which means a pact, was formed with the intention to extend ZANU-PF patronage system, canvassing support and regain control of Mbare district from the MDC. The group consolidated itself as a shadow militia group for ZANU-PF that intimidated the opposition parties and coerced the general populace to attend ZANU-PF functions. It also shows that the vigilante group seized Harare City Council’s duties, such as collecting gate-takings from local and long distance public transport at Mbare Bus Terminal; controlling allocations of market stalls and collecting rents from market stalls, for personal benefits. The group also politicised the access to local state property. Chipangano’s collusion with ZANU-PF and state structures licensed it to engage in criminal activities with impunity, thus this thesis seeks to understand the relationship between the vigilantes, ZANU-PF and state structures. The activities of Chipangano such as abduction, intimidation, beatings, killings and displacement of people resulted in social trauma. This thesis will also explore how this phase of violence is remembered today by the research informants. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Click chemistry electrode modification using 4-ethynylbenzyl substituted cobalt phthalocyanine for applications in electrocatalysis
- Mpeta, Lekhetho S, Fomo, Gertrude, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mpeta, Lekhetho S , Fomo, Gertrude , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187626 , vital:44681 , xlink:href="• https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2018.1466118"
- Description: In this work, we report on the synthesis and applications of a new cobalt tetrakis 4-((4-ethynylbenzyl) oxy) phthalocyanine (3) for the detection of hydrazine. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was first grafted through diazotization, providing the GCE surface layer with azide groups. Thereafter, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, catalyzed by a copper(I) catalyst was used to “click” complex 3 to the grafted surface of GCE. The new platform was then characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This work shows that 3 is an effective sensor with sensitivity of 91.5 μA mM−1 and limit of detection of 3.28 μM which is a great improvement compared to other reported sensors for this analyte.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mpeta, Lekhetho S , Fomo, Gertrude , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187626 , vital:44681 , xlink:href="• https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2018.1466118"
- Description: In this work, we report on the synthesis and applications of a new cobalt tetrakis 4-((4-ethynylbenzyl) oxy) phthalocyanine (3) for the detection of hydrazine. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was first grafted through diazotization, providing the GCE surface layer with azide groups. Thereafter, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, catalyzed by a copper(I) catalyst was used to “click” complex 3 to the grafted surface of GCE. The new platform was then characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This work shows that 3 is an effective sensor with sensitivity of 91.5 μA mM−1 and limit of detection of 3.28 μM which is a great improvement compared to other reported sensors for this analyte.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Cloud computing adoption: Strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa SMEs for enhancing competitiveness
- Authors: Adane, Martin
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: business intelligence small businesses business planning Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6862 , vital:51101 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2018.1439288"
- Description: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to design and implement strategies for adopting new technologies as a competitive tool for maintaining their competitive advantage and cloud computing is at its peak. Since its emergence, there has been a surge in the adoption of cloud computing with research into its adoption primarily concentrated on bigger firms. However, a major characteristic of cloud computing is the anticipated possibilities it holds for SMEs. This paper primarily explores cloud computing adoption strategies for SMEs operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a mixed method approach, a sample of 261 respondents and 11 SMEs was respectively used for the quantitative and qualitative stages of the research. The results reveal that, even though SMEs have their unique expectations for adopting cloud computing, they were of the consensus that elements of an adoption strategy should include adoption goals, a roadmap, and considerations. The paper makes specific recommendations to SMEs to develop adoption strategies that meet their specific needs if they expect cloud computing to play a stronger role to support more strategic initiatives to grow their businesses and improve customer experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Adane, Martin
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: business intelligence small businesses business planning Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6862 , vital:51101 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2018.1439288"
- Description: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to design and implement strategies for adopting new technologies as a competitive tool for maintaining their competitive advantage and cloud computing is at its peak. Since its emergence, there has been a surge in the adoption of cloud computing with research into its adoption primarily concentrated on bigger firms. However, a major characteristic of cloud computing is the anticipated possibilities it holds for SMEs. This paper primarily explores cloud computing adoption strategies for SMEs operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a mixed method approach, a sample of 261 respondents and 11 SMEs was respectively used for the quantitative and qualitative stages of the research. The results reveal that, even though SMEs have their unique expectations for adopting cloud computing, they were of the consensus that elements of an adoption strategy should include adoption goals, a roadmap, and considerations. The paper makes specific recommendations to SMEs to develop adoption strategies that meet their specific needs if they expect cloud computing to play a stronger role to support more strategic initiatives to grow their businesses and improve customer experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Community radio as a tool for sport development: a case study of Mdantsane FM.
- Authors: Sifingo, Yamkela
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Community radio--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Radio in community development--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Sport development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19650 , vital:43155
- Description: This study focuses on critically examining the role of community radio in sports development, using Mdantsane FM as a case study. To carry out the study, the researcher employed a mixed research methodology as both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and in addition, two focus groups discussions were conducted consisting of eight individuals in each group. The first focus group was held within the radio station and consisted of radio presenters and news readers. The second focus group was held with the external stakeholders who run sports programmes around Mdantsane community, from both the schools and local leagues and competitions. To try and fully represent the studied community and considering the vast population in Mdantsane, a survey/questionnaire study was also carried out. The research findings revealed that Mdantsane FM Community Radio Station listeners and members of the community are of the views that the radio station is playing a crucial role in driving community sport development programs, fixtures, leagues and tournaments. The sport fraternity feels that the radio station promotes local content and it represents the community it serves. Community sport coverage and announcements are said to be always accepted as the sports department operates with an open door policy, where every community member has the equal right to exercise the presence of the radio station accordingly. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Communication) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Sifingo, Yamkela
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Community radio--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Radio in community development--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Sport development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19650 , vital:43155
- Description: This study focuses on critically examining the role of community radio in sports development, using Mdantsane FM as a case study. To carry out the study, the researcher employed a mixed research methodology as both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and in addition, two focus groups discussions were conducted consisting of eight individuals in each group. The first focus group was held within the radio station and consisted of radio presenters and news readers. The second focus group was held with the external stakeholders who run sports programmes around Mdantsane community, from both the schools and local leagues and competitions. To try and fully represent the studied community and considering the vast population in Mdantsane, a survey/questionnaire study was also carried out. The research findings revealed that Mdantsane FM Community Radio Station listeners and members of the community are of the views that the radio station is playing a crucial role in driving community sport development programs, fixtures, leagues and tournaments. The sport fraternity feels that the radio station promotes local content and it represents the community it serves. Community sport coverage and announcements are said to be always accepted as the sports department operates with an open door policy, where every community member has the equal right to exercise the presence of the radio station accordingly. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Communication) -- University of Fort Hare, 2018
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Conjugation of isoniazid to a zinc phthalocyanine via hydrazone linkage for pH-dependent liposomal controlled release
- Nkanga, Christian I, Krause, Rui W M
- Authors: Nkanga, Christian I , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/194992 , vital:45517 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0776-y"
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of mortality from infectious diseases. Extended TB treatment and frequent adverse effects, due to poor bioavailability of anti-tubercular drugs (ATBDs), represent the main rationales behind liposomal encapsulation for controlled delivery. Liposomes have been reported as potential vehicles for targeted delivery of ATBDs due to their rapid uptake by macrophages, which are known as the main host cells for TB causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Additionally, the need for controlled release of ATBDs arises because leakage is part of the key liposome challenges for hydrophilic compounds like isoniazid (INH). In this study, INH was conjugated to a highly hydrophobic photosensitizer, zinc (II) phthalocyanine (PC), through hydrazone bonding. The obtained conjugate (PC–INH) was encapsulated in liposomes by film hydration method. PC–INH loaded liposomes (PILs) were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and UV–Vis absorption spectrometry, which was used also for estimation of encapsulation efficiency (î). INH release was evaluated in different pH media using dialysis. Particle size, zeta potential and î of PILs were about 506 nm, − 55 mV and 72%, respectively. Over 12 h, PILs exhibited 22, 41, 97 and 100% of INH, respectively, released in pH 7.4, 6.4, 5.4 and 4.4 media. This pH-dependent behavior is attractive for site-specific delivery. These findings suggest the conjugation of chemotherapeutics to phthalocyanines using pH-labile linkages as a potential strategy for liposomal controlled release.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Nkanga, Christian I , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/194992 , vital:45517 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0776-y"
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of mortality from infectious diseases. Extended TB treatment and frequent adverse effects, due to poor bioavailability of anti-tubercular drugs (ATBDs), represent the main rationales behind liposomal encapsulation for controlled delivery. Liposomes have been reported as potential vehicles for targeted delivery of ATBDs due to their rapid uptake by macrophages, which are known as the main host cells for TB causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Additionally, the need for controlled release of ATBDs arises because leakage is part of the key liposome challenges for hydrophilic compounds like isoniazid (INH). In this study, INH was conjugated to a highly hydrophobic photosensitizer, zinc (II) phthalocyanine (PC), through hydrazone bonding. The obtained conjugate (PC–INH) was encapsulated in liposomes by film hydration method. PC–INH loaded liposomes (PILs) were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and UV–Vis absorption spectrometry, which was used also for estimation of encapsulation efficiency (î). INH release was evaluated in different pH media using dialysis. Particle size, zeta potential and î of PILs were about 506 nm, − 55 mV and 72%, respectively. Over 12 h, PILs exhibited 22, 41, 97 and 100% of INH, respectively, released in pH 7.4, 6.4, 5.4 and 4.4 media. This pH-dependent behavior is attractive for site-specific delivery. These findings suggest the conjugation of chemotherapeutics to phthalocyanines using pH-labile linkages as a potential strategy for liposomal controlled release.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018