Social policy and regional integration in SADC: a regional health care perspective
- Authors: Maduna-Mafu, Nqobani
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Regionalism , AIDS (Disease) -- Africa, Southern , HIV-positive persons -- Africa, Southern Africa, Southern -- Government policy
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19848 , vital:43386
- Description: The study examined the implementation of SADC health programmes, particularly the health protocol and its role to the advancement of health justice in the SADC region. Social driven regionalism involves member states adopting common policies in social policy areas that include; health, education and social protection. Therefore, the focus of this study was on regional integration-social policy interface and contribution towards socially equitable regional development with specific focus on health care provision. Since the 19th century development co-operation between countries has been informed by traditionalist views on regionalism, particularly the comparative advantage and the customs union paradigms. These anachronistic models have constructed a narrative suggesting that adopting trade-based regional integration schemes is a sustainable solution to fragmented markets and weak economies that are vulnerable to global economic trends. This antediluvian approach has produced forms of regionalism whose endeavour is the liberalisation of trade to the negation of human development. The SADC has experimented with this approach since the 1980s leading to the neglect of social policy and deepening human insecurity as shown by high mortality rates attributable to epidemics and low life expectancy in SADC member countries. Although neo-classical foundations are the socio-historical pivots of regional integration SADC has instruments that are centred on social actions aiming to promote citizens’ normative right to health. Thus, the fundamental strength with SADC regional social policy instruments is the incorporation of pro-poor commitments in systems of regional governance. While these social policies do not establish guarantees to the realisation of the right to health because they do have the politico-legal means to enforce such guarantees, they define regional agenda for justice in the context of deepening social challenges. This consequently makes the SADC region a site for norms that engender practices towards addressing the challenge of economic development and social transformation dichotomy. The existence of social policies arising from global health diplomacy means that the region has an opportunity to play a role as a vector for social justice through committing member states to equity and promoting social rights while providing brokerage needed for redistribution of public commodities. Using the qualitative approach, the study examined the implementation of SADC health programmes, particularly the health protocol, and the contribution to regional integration experience in the region. Narratives showed that SADC is facing enormous challenges in re-inventing regional co-operation towards health diplomacy. Although there is a confluence of factors militating against this form of regionalism, the fundamental contributory factor is lopsided regional integration favouring economic development ahead of social transformation. The architectural framework of SADC is trade-driven. Consequently, it lacks structures that can foster regional action on social questions that include; health infrastructure, health human resources, medical research and technology, vaccines production and procurement, regional health financing, civil society engagement towards achieving health justice in the region. The study has adopted the justice-driven regional health approach grounded on South to South co-operation principles and universalisation of health as the framework for understanding region and state-level interventions required to resolve intensifying social policy challenges including TB and HIV/AIDS. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management & Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Authors: Maduna-Mafu, Nqobani
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Regionalism , AIDS (Disease) -- Africa, Southern , HIV-positive persons -- Africa, Southern Africa, Southern -- Government policy
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19848 , vital:43386
- Description: The study examined the implementation of SADC health programmes, particularly the health protocol and its role to the advancement of health justice in the SADC region. Social driven regionalism involves member states adopting common policies in social policy areas that include; health, education and social protection. Therefore, the focus of this study was on regional integration-social policy interface and contribution towards socially equitable regional development with specific focus on health care provision. Since the 19th century development co-operation between countries has been informed by traditionalist views on regionalism, particularly the comparative advantage and the customs union paradigms. These anachronistic models have constructed a narrative suggesting that adopting trade-based regional integration schemes is a sustainable solution to fragmented markets and weak economies that are vulnerable to global economic trends. This antediluvian approach has produced forms of regionalism whose endeavour is the liberalisation of trade to the negation of human development. The SADC has experimented with this approach since the 1980s leading to the neglect of social policy and deepening human insecurity as shown by high mortality rates attributable to epidemics and low life expectancy in SADC member countries. Although neo-classical foundations are the socio-historical pivots of regional integration SADC has instruments that are centred on social actions aiming to promote citizens’ normative right to health. Thus, the fundamental strength with SADC regional social policy instruments is the incorporation of pro-poor commitments in systems of regional governance. While these social policies do not establish guarantees to the realisation of the right to health because they do have the politico-legal means to enforce such guarantees, they define regional agenda for justice in the context of deepening social challenges. This consequently makes the SADC region a site for norms that engender practices towards addressing the challenge of economic development and social transformation dichotomy. The existence of social policies arising from global health diplomacy means that the region has an opportunity to play a role as a vector for social justice through committing member states to equity and promoting social rights while providing brokerage needed for redistribution of public commodities. Using the qualitative approach, the study examined the implementation of SADC health programmes, particularly the health protocol, and the contribution to regional integration experience in the region. Narratives showed that SADC is facing enormous challenges in re-inventing regional co-operation towards health diplomacy. Although there is a confluence of factors militating against this form of regionalism, the fundamental contributory factor is lopsided regional integration favouring economic development ahead of social transformation. The architectural framework of SADC is trade-driven. Consequently, it lacks structures that can foster regional action on social questions that include; health infrastructure, health human resources, medical research and technology, vaccines production and procurement, regional health financing, civil society engagement towards achieving health justice in the region. The study has adopted the justice-driven regional health approach grounded on South to South co-operation principles and universalisation of health as the framework for understanding region and state-level interventions required to resolve intensifying social policy challenges including TB and HIV/AIDS. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management & Commerce, 2020
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The Role of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Rural Development:
- Authors: Fikeni, Thandokazi Gugu
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Information technology , Communication in rural development , Rural development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19747 , vital:43232
- Description: Abstract text. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fikeni, Thandokazi Gugu
- Date: 2020-12
- Subjects: Information technology , Communication in rural development , Rural development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19747 , vital:43232
- Description: Abstract text. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
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Agricultural entrepreneurship development as strategy for economic empowerment: The case of small-scale farmers in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Akinwale, Olusola Mokayode
- Date: 2020-11
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20241 , vital:45637
- Description: This study emanated from the struggle for economic empowerment among small-scale farmers in South African. The study advocates for the establishment of a viable environment where agricultural entrepreneurship can thrive. While the South African Nation Development Plan (NDP) proposed to create one million jobs through agricultural sector by 2030, the majority of small-scale farmers in South Africa are struggling to grow beyond the level of subsistence farming, and the youths appear not to be interested in the farming. It is therefore become necessary to conduct this current study that is exploratory in nature; it explored several factors and barriers to agricultural entrepreneurship development, as well as factors that can contribute to the development of prosperous and sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship among small-scale farmers in South African. The study was conducted in two district municipalities of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa – OR Tambo and Chris Hani. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to make findings. Findings from the study shows that economic empowerment can be achieved through agricultural entrepreneurship development by giving adequate attention to specific factors like individuals’ attitude, production skills, access to market and marketing skills, management skills. Empirically, basic components like personal interests, adequate training and background, efficient extension service, famers’ network and communication, specific goal-oriented, understanding market, farmers’ collaboration, and access to sufficient funding are few of the factors that will make the small-scale farmers grow to the level of commercial farming. The study concluded that prerequisite to developing a sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship climate among small-scale farmers in South African is the combination of basic components aforementioned. Suggestions were made for strong collaboration between government and private sectors to provide development assistance for small-scale farmers as they struggles to develop their small-scale farming to sustainable entrepreneurship level. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Authors: Akinwale, Olusola Mokayode
- Date: 2020-11
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , South Africa -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20241 , vital:45637
- Description: This study emanated from the struggle for economic empowerment among small-scale farmers in South African. The study advocates for the establishment of a viable environment where agricultural entrepreneurship can thrive. While the South African Nation Development Plan (NDP) proposed to create one million jobs through agricultural sector by 2030, the majority of small-scale farmers in South Africa are struggling to grow beyond the level of subsistence farming, and the youths appear not to be interested in the farming. It is therefore become necessary to conduct this current study that is exploratory in nature; it explored several factors and barriers to agricultural entrepreneurship development, as well as factors that can contribute to the development of prosperous and sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship among small-scale farmers in South African. The study was conducted in two district municipalities of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa – OR Tambo and Chris Hani. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to make findings. Findings from the study shows that economic empowerment can be achieved through agricultural entrepreneurship development by giving adequate attention to specific factors like individuals’ attitude, production skills, access to market and marketing skills, management skills. Empirically, basic components like personal interests, adequate training and background, efficient extension service, famers’ network and communication, specific goal-oriented, understanding market, farmers’ collaboration, and access to sufficient funding are few of the factors that will make the small-scale farmers grow to the level of commercial farming. The study concluded that prerequisite to developing a sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship climate among small-scale farmers in South African is the combination of basic components aforementioned. Suggestions were made for strong collaboration between government and private sectors to provide development assistance for small-scale farmers as they struggles to develop their small-scale farming to sustainable entrepreneurship level. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
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The role of community participation in municipal solid waste: the case of Likasi municipality in the Democratic Republic of Congo
- Authors: Kabwiza, Joelle Mujinga
- Date: 2020-04
- Subjects: Community development -- Congo , Refuse and refuse disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19783 , vital:43239
- Description: The way in which the local government delivers services is frequently not in line with the people's expectations as a result of changes caused by technological advancement, resources availability and emerging challenges—arising either internally or externally. The purpose of local administration and governance is to guarantee efficient and effective delivery of service according to the constitution and norms to the people at the grassroots. The government at the local level is very close to the needs of the people. This study is interested in "the role of community participation in solid waste management in Likasi municipality in Katanga DRC ". Likasi seems to have a problem with solid waste management, particularly the collection of waste from households, with the main concern being the lack of community participation in solid waste management. The major objective of this research was to assess the role of community participation in solid waste and the challenges of solid waste management of Likasi municipality. The major challenges that the municipality faces in terms of providing solid waste management is, insufficient resources; including personnel (workers), finances and materials. The community’s attitude to the problem is also a challenge. This study used a critical paradigm which adopted qualitative and quantitative methods to design the research and the data collection which used different survey methods. The collected data was analysed using a statistical software package for social sciences, and a total of 68 households, 2 leading municipal officials and 2 leaders of NGOs were randomly selected for the study. The secondary sources for this study were books and journals. The researcher tried to clarify, in the chapters and sections that make up the framework of this study, whether community participation is key to solid waste management for sustainable development and environmental goals, and if the community of the municipality of Likasi participates in solid waste management. This study is also intended to help the public to understand why their participation in service delivery is necessary for the development of their locality, and to help the community to discover their roles and rights and know how to claim them. Finally, the study recommends community participation in the framework for solid waste management SWM, collaboration between solid waste workers and the community for good collaboration between them in affiliation with Likasi municipality to improve service delivery in waste management. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kabwiza, Joelle Mujinga
- Date: 2020-04
- Subjects: Community development -- Congo , Refuse and refuse disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19783 , vital:43239
- Description: The way in which the local government delivers services is frequently not in line with the people's expectations as a result of changes caused by technological advancement, resources availability and emerging challenges—arising either internally or externally. The purpose of local administration and governance is to guarantee efficient and effective delivery of service according to the constitution and norms to the people at the grassroots. The government at the local level is very close to the needs of the people. This study is interested in "the role of community participation in solid waste management in Likasi municipality in Katanga DRC ". Likasi seems to have a problem with solid waste management, particularly the collection of waste from households, with the main concern being the lack of community participation in solid waste management. The major objective of this research was to assess the role of community participation in solid waste and the challenges of solid waste management of Likasi municipality. The major challenges that the municipality faces in terms of providing solid waste management is, insufficient resources; including personnel (workers), finances and materials. The community’s attitude to the problem is also a challenge. This study used a critical paradigm which adopted qualitative and quantitative methods to design the research and the data collection which used different survey methods. The collected data was analysed using a statistical software package for social sciences, and a total of 68 households, 2 leading municipal officials and 2 leaders of NGOs were randomly selected for the study. The secondary sources for this study were books and journals. The researcher tried to clarify, in the chapters and sections that make up the framework of this study, whether community participation is key to solid waste management for sustainable development and environmental goals, and if the community of the municipality of Likasi participates in solid waste management. This study is also intended to help the public to understand why their participation in service delivery is necessary for the development of their locality, and to help the community to discover their roles and rights and know how to claim them. Finally, the study recommends community participation in the framework for solid waste management SWM, collaboration between solid waste workers and the community for good collaboration between them in affiliation with Likasi municipality to improve service delivery in waste management. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2020
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Post-conflict reconstruction and development in South Sudan
- Annan, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9199-102X
- Authors: Annan, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9199-102X
- Date: 2019-08
- Subjects: Peace-building , Conflict management , South Sudan -- Politics and government -- 2011-
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19925 , vital:44486
- Description: The primary goal of this study was to identify possibilities for a common ground for reconciliation and restoring law and order through internally driven post-conflict reconstruction and development (PCRD) in South Sudan to prevent the recurrence of violent conflict and to attain peace, socio-economic and sustainable development. The existing literature about PCRD is mainly written by authors, policymakers and scholars who mostly support externally driven interventions and operations of ready-made ‘solutions’ to complex problems in war-torn countries without exploring internally driven approval to solve these conflicts. It is because of the failure of these externally driven approaches and the absence of a common goal for reconciliation that this study has been conceived to explore alternative approaches for reconciliation and post-conflict settlement to restore responsible law and order, build resilient good governance and to build legitimate state institutions in South Sudan. To better understand in-conflict and post-conflict societies and their needs, the study uses a qualitative methodology approach through explorative and interpretative mechanisms to purposely put together face-to-face interviews of people’s opinions on the current civil conflict in South Sudan. The findings indicate that for peace to be restored there is a need for an internally national dialogue and reconciliation and external actors must support locally driven initiation to enable lasting peace to prevail in South Sudan. The research uses cosmopolitan conflict transformation resolution (CCTR) to demonstrate perspective and knowledge of the South Sudanese on peace-building to provide an alternative contribution to efficient intervention in the South Sudan conflict. Without peace there cannot be effective lasting development and without development, it is almost impossible to establish lasting peace. Hence, the study views PCRD more as a sustainable development intervention through an internally driven approach than a market-biased political process to prevent relapse of violent conflict in South Sudan. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
- Full Text:
- Authors: Annan, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9199-102X
- Date: 2019-08
- Subjects: Peace-building , Conflict management , South Sudan -- Politics and government -- 2011-
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19925 , vital:44486
- Description: The primary goal of this study was to identify possibilities for a common ground for reconciliation and restoring law and order through internally driven post-conflict reconstruction and development (PCRD) in South Sudan to prevent the recurrence of violent conflict and to attain peace, socio-economic and sustainable development. The existing literature about PCRD is mainly written by authors, policymakers and scholars who mostly support externally driven interventions and operations of ready-made ‘solutions’ to complex problems in war-torn countries without exploring internally driven approval to solve these conflicts. It is because of the failure of these externally driven approaches and the absence of a common goal for reconciliation that this study has been conceived to explore alternative approaches for reconciliation and post-conflict settlement to restore responsible law and order, build resilient good governance and to build legitimate state institutions in South Sudan. To better understand in-conflict and post-conflict societies and their needs, the study uses a qualitative methodology approach through explorative and interpretative mechanisms to purposely put together face-to-face interviews of people’s opinions on the current civil conflict in South Sudan. The findings indicate that for peace to be restored there is a need for an internally national dialogue and reconciliation and external actors must support locally driven initiation to enable lasting peace to prevail in South Sudan. The research uses cosmopolitan conflict transformation resolution (CCTR) to demonstrate perspective and knowledge of the South Sudanese on peace-building to provide an alternative contribution to efficient intervention in the South Sudan conflict. Without peace there cannot be effective lasting development and without development, it is almost impossible to establish lasting peace. Hence, the study views PCRD more as a sustainable development intervention through an internally driven approach than a market-biased political process to prevent relapse of violent conflict in South Sudan. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
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The role of local economic development in the empowerment of women in rural areas : the case of Makana Municipality
- Authors: Hani, Nomkita Octavia
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Economic development , Women in development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19772 , vital:43237
- Description: The aim of the study was to explore the role of Local economic development (LED) in empowering rural women in Makana Municipally. The researcher intended to achieve the following objectives (i) to assess the role of LED among the rural women of Makana Municipality in strengthening economic development ii) to explore the LED challenges confronted by the community and the municipality in the implementation of economic empowerment programs that will create economic opportunities for rural women iii) to identify the way forward in enhancing the LED strategy to empower rural women to enable them participate in economic programs of the local Municipality that will benefit them and the community. The study adopted a qualitative approach and purposive sampling methods which were used to select samples for the study. Open ended questions were used in face to face interviews and focus groups to collect data in Makana Municipality. The study findings indicated that while women are part LED activities in the Makana municipality, the benefits that accrue to them are still minimal and trickling down to very few of them because of egoism and nepotism, corruption and crime, favouritism and poor communication. There is a great need for interventions requiring regular visits from LED officials and provision of educational programs in the local language, to enable the women to have a clear understanding of the benefits that accrue to them from LED projects, notwithstanding the opportunities open to them for participation. The study then proposed recommendations to empower women which include making resources available for their empowerment, such as, the provision of skill development programs, knowledge and information distribution, reviewing of the LED policy, infrastructure development and access to markets. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
- Full Text:
- Authors: Hani, Nomkita Octavia
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Economic development , Women in development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19772 , vital:43237
- Description: The aim of the study was to explore the role of Local economic development (LED) in empowering rural women in Makana Municipally. The researcher intended to achieve the following objectives (i) to assess the role of LED among the rural women of Makana Municipality in strengthening economic development ii) to explore the LED challenges confronted by the community and the municipality in the implementation of economic empowerment programs that will create economic opportunities for rural women iii) to identify the way forward in enhancing the LED strategy to empower rural women to enable them participate in economic programs of the local Municipality that will benefit them and the community. The study adopted a qualitative approach and purposive sampling methods which were used to select samples for the study. Open ended questions were used in face to face interviews and focus groups to collect data in Makana Municipality. The study findings indicated that while women are part LED activities in the Makana municipality, the benefits that accrue to them are still minimal and trickling down to very few of them because of egoism and nepotism, corruption and crime, favouritism and poor communication. There is a great need for interventions requiring regular visits from LED officials and provision of educational programs in the local language, to enable the women to have a clear understanding of the benefits that accrue to them from LED projects, notwithstanding the opportunities open to them for participation. The study then proposed recommendations to empower women which include making resources available for their empowerment, such as, the provision of skill development programs, knowledge and information distribution, reviewing of the LED policy, infrastructure development and access to markets. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
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Social protection and secondary education in Zimbabwe: the case of Masvingo District in Masvingo Province
- Authors: Mago, David
- Date: 2015-01
- Subjects: Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions , Elementary school dropouts , Zimbabwe -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24554 , vital:63170
- Description: The study sought to examine the role of social protection in reducing school dropouts in secondary education in Masvingo District of Zimbabwe. The study was motivated by the idea that despite the social assistance interventions that are in place, the school dropout phenomenon is still continuing among secondary school learners in the Masvingo District. This was achieved by discussing various programmes delivered by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the government in reducing the number of school dropouts. The thesis also outlined various economic, social and political depressions that affected secondary education since Zimbabwe’s gaining of independence. From 1962 until 1980 the colonial government catered for the European child, this meant that secondary education was difficult to be accessed by blacks. Education maintained a bottleneck structure that favoured whites more than black people. After gaining independence, the Zimbabwe African Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) party introduced laws that allowed the black majority an opportunity to proceed with their education. Over the years the number of school dropouts is still increasing. This was curtailed by the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in 1991 to 1995. The introduction of the SAPs led to the introduction of user fees in education and health. This raised poverty levels which were curtailed by the macroeconomic situation in Zimbabwe. This was beyond the reach of many and led to the increase of school dropouts in Zimbabwe. The major objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of social assistance in the reduction of school dropouts in Zimbabwe. The specific objectives are to analyse the role played by social assistance on the provision of secondary education and reduction of school dropouts and examining the impact of assistance on the education of the girl child. The last objective in the study was to identify a more comprehensive social assistance intervention for the support of secondary education. A more comprehensive social assistance intervention is intervention that provides support to secondary learners that includes among them uniforms, transport food and school fees. The study adopted the qualitative research methodology. The qualitative research methodology was used because it seeks to go deeper in what people experience on day to day activities. In-depth information helps to understand the successes and failures faced by NGOs and government in reducing the number of school dropouts. The study looked at how effective government and NGO assistance has been in reducing the number of school dropouts. Today there are a majority of NGOs, private organisations and government programmes that are working in secondary education assistance in Masvingo District. What matters most is that despite the growing rate of assistance by NGOs, individual help and government assistance the number of school dropouts is still increasing. The study’s theoretical framework is based on the Human rights based approach and the Transformative paradigm. The analysis relates to social assistance programmes focusing on the Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM) and NGOs and their contribution in reducing the number of school dropouts. From the research findings, the research established the way forward that can be used to reduce the rate of school dropouts in Masvingo District and Zimbabwe at large. Lack of school fees, school uniforms, food and transport are the major causes of school dropouts in Masvingo District. The findings of the study revealed that Zimbabwe’s social assistance programmes are not adequate in reducing the number of school dropouts. The way forward that was proposed in the study in that the assistance to children at secondary education should be holistic approach. NGOs and government should work together to educate parents and children on the importance of secondary education. , Thesis (MSoc Dev.) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mago, David
- Date: 2015-01
- Subjects: Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions , Elementary school dropouts , Zimbabwe -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24554 , vital:63170
- Description: The study sought to examine the role of social protection in reducing school dropouts in secondary education in Masvingo District of Zimbabwe. The study was motivated by the idea that despite the social assistance interventions that are in place, the school dropout phenomenon is still continuing among secondary school learners in the Masvingo District. This was achieved by discussing various programmes delivered by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the government in reducing the number of school dropouts. The thesis also outlined various economic, social and political depressions that affected secondary education since Zimbabwe’s gaining of independence. From 1962 until 1980 the colonial government catered for the European child, this meant that secondary education was difficult to be accessed by blacks. Education maintained a bottleneck structure that favoured whites more than black people. After gaining independence, the Zimbabwe African Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) party introduced laws that allowed the black majority an opportunity to proceed with their education. Over the years the number of school dropouts is still increasing. This was curtailed by the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in 1991 to 1995. The introduction of the SAPs led to the introduction of user fees in education and health. This raised poverty levels which were curtailed by the macroeconomic situation in Zimbabwe. This was beyond the reach of many and led to the increase of school dropouts in Zimbabwe. The major objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of social assistance in the reduction of school dropouts in Zimbabwe. The specific objectives are to analyse the role played by social assistance on the provision of secondary education and reduction of school dropouts and examining the impact of assistance on the education of the girl child. The last objective in the study was to identify a more comprehensive social assistance intervention for the support of secondary education. A more comprehensive social assistance intervention is intervention that provides support to secondary learners that includes among them uniforms, transport food and school fees. The study adopted the qualitative research methodology. The qualitative research methodology was used because it seeks to go deeper in what people experience on day to day activities. In-depth information helps to understand the successes and failures faced by NGOs and government in reducing the number of school dropouts. The study looked at how effective government and NGO assistance has been in reducing the number of school dropouts. Today there are a majority of NGOs, private organisations and government programmes that are working in secondary education assistance in Masvingo District. What matters most is that despite the growing rate of assistance by NGOs, individual help and government assistance the number of school dropouts is still increasing. The study’s theoretical framework is based on the Human rights based approach and the Transformative paradigm. The analysis relates to social assistance programmes focusing on the Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM) and NGOs and their contribution in reducing the number of school dropouts. From the research findings, the research established the way forward that can be used to reduce the rate of school dropouts in Masvingo District and Zimbabwe at large. Lack of school fees, school uniforms, food and transport are the major causes of school dropouts in Masvingo District. The findings of the study revealed that Zimbabwe’s social assistance programmes are not adequate in reducing the number of school dropouts. The way forward that was proposed in the study in that the assistance to children at secondary education should be holistic approach. NGOs and government should work together to educate parents and children on the importance of secondary education. , Thesis (MSoc Dev.) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2015
- Full Text:
An assessment of the role played by social protection in addressing poverty and vulnerability in Zimbabwe: the case of Zimbabwe
- Authors: Daitai, Joseph
- Date: 2014-12
- Subjects: Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions , Zimbabwe -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25983 , vital:64639
- Description: The focus of this study was based on the role played by social protection programs to alleviate poverty. This was achieved through analyzing generally the various social assistance programs delivered by both the government and the non-governmental organizations in trying to alleviate the scourge of wide spread poverty in Zimbabwe. The study also clearly outlined the endless list of various factors that contributed to some economic depressions and recessions that affected the country ever since the dawn of new Zimbabwe at independence in April of 1980. This study places social protection within the wider context of social assistance and relates to both concepts to poverty alleviation and wellbeing of the Zimbabwean citizens. The research made use of one of the major approaches in social science which is the qualitative method. The use of qualitative technique reflects an attempt to ensure an in-depth understanding of the phenomena under study, that is, to understand the successes and challenges faced by the government and non-governmental organizations in alleviating poverty.The study adopted a qualitative research methodology and mainly desktop approach was used meaning that data used was obtained from secondary sources whereby already exciting data within the area of social protection is analyzed and a conclusion is reached. This paper analyses the field of social protection, viewed within the broader concept of social assistance programs. The analysis relates both social protection and social assistance programs focusing on the (WFP) programs of Vulnerable group Feeding (VGF) and the government of Zimbabwe’s Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM), their contribution to poverty alleviation. This study widens the focus from conventional narrowly defined elements of social protection to a broader interpretation which emphasizes the interface between social protection and its contribution to poverty alleviation. The linkage to poverty alleviation is also thoroughly discussed; various government and nongovernmental interventions have been also discussed where appropriate. The study also argues that many forms of socio-economic vulnerability need to be addressed from the central level to the grassroots level and also that local institutional structures are very crucial in the successful design, implementation and monitoring of these interventions. The study also suggested a possible government social protection framework that can be implemented by the government in order to achieve remarkable change and achievement in the social protection field. Recommendations were also given as the way forward for the proper and positive existence of social protection in Zimbabwe. In the theoretical framework, the study used two theories as the back bone of the study; the Capability approach and the State Welfare theory. The findings of the study revealed that in Zimbabwe, there are quite a number of social assistance programs underway but the problems discovered are that the coverage of the programs is very much inadequate and unequal hence larger percentages of citizens in the country remain unattended to, the government does not have strong financial muscles to implement successful assistance programs, political interferences also hinder success of the programs implemented by non-state organizations and also a poor grass root involvement in these programs makes them fail to achieve their purpose. , Thesis (MSoc Dev) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
- Full Text:
- Authors: Daitai, Joseph
- Date: 2014-12
- Subjects: Poverty -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions , Zimbabwe -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25983 , vital:64639
- Description: The focus of this study was based on the role played by social protection programs to alleviate poverty. This was achieved through analyzing generally the various social assistance programs delivered by both the government and the non-governmental organizations in trying to alleviate the scourge of wide spread poverty in Zimbabwe. The study also clearly outlined the endless list of various factors that contributed to some economic depressions and recessions that affected the country ever since the dawn of new Zimbabwe at independence in April of 1980. This study places social protection within the wider context of social assistance and relates to both concepts to poverty alleviation and wellbeing of the Zimbabwean citizens. The research made use of one of the major approaches in social science which is the qualitative method. The use of qualitative technique reflects an attempt to ensure an in-depth understanding of the phenomena under study, that is, to understand the successes and challenges faced by the government and non-governmental organizations in alleviating poverty.The study adopted a qualitative research methodology and mainly desktop approach was used meaning that data used was obtained from secondary sources whereby already exciting data within the area of social protection is analyzed and a conclusion is reached. This paper analyses the field of social protection, viewed within the broader concept of social assistance programs. The analysis relates both social protection and social assistance programs focusing on the (WFP) programs of Vulnerable group Feeding (VGF) and the government of Zimbabwe’s Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM), their contribution to poverty alleviation. This study widens the focus from conventional narrowly defined elements of social protection to a broader interpretation which emphasizes the interface between social protection and its contribution to poverty alleviation. The linkage to poverty alleviation is also thoroughly discussed; various government and nongovernmental interventions have been also discussed where appropriate. The study also argues that many forms of socio-economic vulnerability need to be addressed from the central level to the grassroots level and also that local institutional structures are very crucial in the successful design, implementation and monitoring of these interventions. The study also suggested a possible government social protection framework that can be implemented by the government in order to achieve remarkable change and achievement in the social protection field. Recommendations were also given as the way forward for the proper and positive existence of social protection in Zimbabwe. In the theoretical framework, the study used two theories as the back bone of the study; the Capability approach and the State Welfare theory. The findings of the study revealed that in Zimbabwe, there are quite a number of social assistance programs underway but the problems discovered are that the coverage of the programs is very much inadequate and unequal hence larger percentages of citizens in the country remain unattended to, the government does not have strong financial muscles to implement successful assistance programs, political interferences also hinder success of the programs implemented by non-state organizations and also a poor grass root involvement in these programs makes them fail to achieve their purpose. , Thesis (MSoc Dev) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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An investigation of the impact of the funding strategy of government on the sustainability of NGO work in them health sector: a case of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa
- Authors: Vhutuzah,Miriam.
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Non-governmental organization , Health services administration , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25926 , vital:64564
- Description: Under the apartheid regime the blacks suffered from social exclusion whereby the state sought to provide social services to the white community. Blacks used NGOs to fight the apartheid regime after the banning of political parties by the government. The government tried to quell the social unrest by instituting restrictive legislation to the NGOs. However, the NGOs managed to survive by getting funds from external sources that were anti-apartheid and the funding was camouflaged. While the blacks used the NGOs as frontiers to fight apartheid, they also provided services like health, education and others. The white NGOs managed to thrive unabated. After the fall of apartheid, many leaders left the NGO sector to join the government. It has been of great concern to note that after the apartheid, NGOs failed to assume the position that they used to possess during apartheid. The major objective of the study was to assess the funding strategy of the government in relation to the sustainability of the work of NGOs. This was achieved through analysing the guiding principles and prerequisites of the government in terms of procedures of disbursing funds to NGOs and how this affects NGO operations. The research made use of one major approach in the social sciences which is qualitative. The use of a qualitative technique reflects an attempt to ensure an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon in question. This is what was needed by the question under study, to understand the institutional environment of NGOs by looking into their operational experiences and holding in-depth interviews with NGOs and government officials in order to understand their views about the existing funding strategy. The study found out that the pre-requisites of the funding organisations can be met by NGOs which previously thrived under the apartheid government. Due to their more sophisticated nature, it is these types of NGOs that interface most effectively with the donor community and are major beneficiaries of the bulk of donor funding. It also discovered that the rural-based NGOs are not networked and only rely on government funding which is short-lived. Some of the well established NGOs manipulate the existing opportunities to pursue private interests. Moreover, donors are mainly interested in funding popular activities like AIDS but they target well established organisations. In view of the above findings, the study recommends that the pre-requisites for NGOs must be streamlined to the rural-based NGOs and communication from the government should be improved especially for the rural-based NGOs where forms of communication are limited. There is need to establish an independent body, mandated by the government to carry out NGO issues .The government should also introduce incentives to the donors that fund rural-based NGOs and also encourage donors to fund TB activities by introducing incentives. Moreover, there is need for the government to adopt institutional development principles which emphasises on internal organizational development by training NGO members in order to improve their skills. Externally, the institutional impediments like inherited legal instruments that were pro-apartheid should be addressed. Lastly, there is need for the government to engage NGOs in the policy making process. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce , 2010
- Full Text:
- Authors: Vhutuzah,Miriam.
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Non-governmental organization , Health services administration , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25926 , vital:64564
- Description: Under the apartheid regime the blacks suffered from social exclusion whereby the state sought to provide social services to the white community. Blacks used NGOs to fight the apartheid regime after the banning of political parties by the government. The government tried to quell the social unrest by instituting restrictive legislation to the NGOs. However, the NGOs managed to survive by getting funds from external sources that were anti-apartheid and the funding was camouflaged. While the blacks used the NGOs as frontiers to fight apartheid, they also provided services like health, education and others. The white NGOs managed to thrive unabated. After the fall of apartheid, many leaders left the NGO sector to join the government. It has been of great concern to note that after the apartheid, NGOs failed to assume the position that they used to possess during apartheid. The major objective of the study was to assess the funding strategy of the government in relation to the sustainability of the work of NGOs. This was achieved through analysing the guiding principles and prerequisites of the government in terms of procedures of disbursing funds to NGOs and how this affects NGO operations. The research made use of one major approach in the social sciences which is qualitative. The use of a qualitative technique reflects an attempt to ensure an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon in question. This is what was needed by the question under study, to understand the institutional environment of NGOs by looking into their operational experiences and holding in-depth interviews with NGOs and government officials in order to understand their views about the existing funding strategy. The study found out that the pre-requisites of the funding organisations can be met by NGOs which previously thrived under the apartheid government. Due to their more sophisticated nature, it is these types of NGOs that interface most effectively with the donor community and are major beneficiaries of the bulk of donor funding. It also discovered that the rural-based NGOs are not networked and only rely on government funding which is short-lived. Some of the well established NGOs manipulate the existing opportunities to pursue private interests. Moreover, donors are mainly interested in funding popular activities like AIDS but they target well established organisations. In view of the above findings, the study recommends that the pre-requisites for NGOs must be streamlined to the rural-based NGOs and communication from the government should be improved especially for the rural-based NGOs where forms of communication are limited. There is need to establish an independent body, mandated by the government to carry out NGO issues .The government should also introduce incentives to the donors that fund rural-based NGOs and also encourage donors to fund TB activities by introducing incentives. Moreover, there is need for the government to adopt institutional development principles which emphasises on internal organizational development by training NGO members in order to improve their skills. Externally, the institutional impediments like inherited legal instruments that were pro-apartheid should be addressed. Lastly, there is need for the government to engage NGOs in the policy making process. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce , 2010
- Full Text:
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