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Opportunities and challenges for socio-economic transformation in rural Zimbabwe

  • Authors: Mutami, Cephas
  • Date: 2014-10
  • Subjects: Economic development--Social aspects , Rural development , Community development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26459 , vital:65338
  • Description: The focus of the thesis is the impediments of rural development in Zimbabwe and how opportunities for socio-economic transformation can be enhanced in the current setting. The study embarks from a conceptualization of rural poverty in Zimbabwe using theoretical and empirical evidence. Poverty in rural Zimbabwe has a historical legacy of deprivation and dispossession and is concentrated in communal areas which have low resources bases with low agriculture potential due to low rainfall and poor soils. The myriad of challenges in rural Zimbabwe point to the incoherent of rural development polices which are distorting markets for inputs and produce. Thus the study sought to address the rural development policy bottlenecks and develop a policy agenda for development.Using mixed methods approach, the study considered household economic conditions, their production practices and their vulnerability contexts in three selected districts which represent communal, old resettlement and small scale A1 and A2 areas. The household data is blended with interview data of rural development practitioners in both private and public agencies to produce comprehensive information on the impact of rural development policies. Archival research method was also used to do content reviews on government policy papers and programs so as to provide a holistic approach to analysis. Naturally mixed methods produce large volumes of data which requires thorough analysis. This was only possible through the use of analytical computer software packages for qualitative and quantitative data such as Atlas Ti and Excel spreadsheet, respectively. The study revealed that rural households in Zimbabwe are farmers. The majority of these farmers are smallholders who are located in remote communal areas and resettlement areas. Communal farmers constitute the bulk of rural citizens and live on less than a dollar a day. They are engaged in mixed farming methods and other non-farm activities especially during off-agriculture season. Communal households basically produce staples, with a low percentage producing cotton and groundnuts. Production choices and methods are shaped by subsistence needs of households but more so by risks and vulnerability contexts which they operate in. Farmers in resettlement areas face a different set of opportunities and threats to their livelihoods as they are located in prime agricultural land. However they are still challenged with the rural development approaches of central government. On the policy front, there is no pronounced rural development policy in Zimbabwe. The current setting has numerous pronouncements and programs which all seek to alleviate underdevelopment in Zimbabwe. These programs are replicating each other in practice and in most cases benefit the political elites and large scale commercial farmers. The multiplicity of government institutions which deal with rural development results in incremental decisions and programs which further impoverishes rural households. The study posits a rural development policy framework which is based on a comprehensive policy agenda which takes into cognizance the production requirements of households. Such a policy needs to be inclusive to the rural households in terms of governance and programs. A rural development policy agenda and framework would require the harnessing of resources from both the government and private players in well-articulated market friendly approaches. This would stimulate high productivity, enhance off-farm activities, raise incomes and foremost create appropriate social protection programs. Thus the potential for sustained economic growth and development in Zimbabwe lies with smallholder agriculture based rural development framework which can impact on the 67% population who live and work in rural areas. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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Perceptions of social media as a tool for research: a study of postgraduate students, University of Fort Hare, Alice campus

  • Authors: Abolanle, Ogunnubi Adeyemi
  • Date: 2014-10
  • Subjects: University of Fort Hare , Media literacy , Internet research
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26381 , vital:65299
  • Description: The study aimed at examining the perceptions of social media as a tool for research among postgraduate students at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus. Data were collected using a quantitative research approach by administering structured questionnaires to 310 postgraduate students under the cluster sampling across different faculties and departments, and analysed by SPSS Statistical software and Chi-square test. 264 questionnaires were returned for analysis and these respondents maintained that they utilized social media platforms for their academic research. The findings further revealed that social media has to a large extent improved students‟ research activities as they frequently seek practical knowledge for demonstration and tutorship. Furthermore, the respondents regard social media as a good platform for research topics in audio and video formats, scholarly articles, journals and books. This study concluded that since students explore the social media platforms and search engines for various reasons, academic research inclusive, it therefore becomes imperative to create more links within the social media for students to explore books, scholarly journals and articles necessary for research and academic purposes. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
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Assuring the quality of mentoring in Malawi's 1+1 model of initial primary teacher education programme: implications for teacher development

  • Authors: Mwanza, Alnord Levison Dave
  • Date: 2014-09
  • Subjects: Mentoring in education , Total quality management
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24632 , vital:63385
  • Description: Teacher education has been the focus of numerous studies across the world. The debates revolve around what models or approaches to teacher development produce high quality teachers as measured by their ability to promote student learning. This has given rise to a continuum of models. At the one extreme there are those who advocate practice first and theory later; at the other there are those who recommend theory first and then practice. In between there is a combination of a variety of approaches. The models of teacher development, however, continue to grapple with the problem of how to balance theory and practice. In Malawi, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST) (MIE, 2006) came up with what they see as a balance between theory and practice when they introduced the 1 year of theory and 1 year of practice, a model referred to as the 1+1. The focus of this study was on the one year of practical teaching where mentoring is critical; hence the particular attention to examine and understand how its quality was assured from the perspective of fitness for purpose and fitness of purpose. The study was anchored mainly in the post-positivist paradigm and the methodology used was the mixed-methods approach. A mixed methods sequential explanatory design comprising a survey followed by a case study was employed. For the survey, four sets of semi-structured questionnaires whose Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficients, α, were 0.971, 0.827, 0.859 respectively were developed using the Tailored Design Method; these were pilot tested and then administered through a drop-and-pick strategy to a census sample of 804 respondents comprising 92 school mentors, 92 school head-teachers, 4 Teacher Training College mentoring coordinators and 616 student teachers. A total response rate of 96percent was obtained. The case study design phase comprised six one-on-one face-to-face structured interviews; five focus groups; five non-participant observations; and a review of ten documents employing interview schedules, observations and document checklists as instruments for data collection. A total of 27 participants, three of whom did not participate in the survey phase, were involved in this phase. Quantitative data collected from either phase was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 while content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. As a mixed-method study, some of the qualitative data was quantitized and some of the quantitative data was qualititized; and integration of data was made during the following stages: research questions formulation, data collection, data presentation, and discussion and interpretation. The study revealed several weaknesses in assuring the quality of mentoring in the 1+1 IPTE model. First, the norms and standards for mentoring designed by the Ministry of Education were not used to guide the mentoring process. Instead, they were designed to fulfil accountability requirements of the Ministry of Education and Teacher Training Colleges rather than self-improvement. Hence, the study revealed that all the 92 schools had, therefore, no policies, practice codes and standards for monitoring mentoring casting doubt on the functioning of internal quality assurance. The study further revealed that 12 of the school mentors (13percent) had lower academic qualifications than their seventy-two student teachers they were mentoring; 35 of the school mentors (38percent) were at the entry grade of their teaching career; two of the mentors (2percent) (mentoring over twelve student teachers) were within the first three years of teaching, which means that they, themselves, were in need of being mentored; and all the school mentors had full time teaching responsibilities. As such, some student teachers indicated that they were not being assessed at all by their school mentors. This situation regarding mentors raises concerns over the subject knowledge levels of the mentors, the role model functions of the mentors and their competency to effectively mentor student teachers, as well as concerns regarding the quality of the mentoring programme and its outcomes. Findings from the study also revealed little or no monitoring of mentoring in schools as schools had no structures and systems for monitoring mentoring; and heavy workloads and financial constraints prevented college lecturers from monitoring mentoring in primary schools. However, on a positive note, the study revealed that 99percent of school mentors were trained for their mentoring roles and were receiving regular training which was provided regularly on a term-basis. Based on the above findings, the 1+1 Initial Primary Teacher Education model in Malawi is undermined by weak mentoring practices which have the potential to widen the theory and practice gap, and potentially impact on the quality of teachers produced. It is further recommended that the mentoring practices move away from the technicist approach and focus on the actual processes of mentoring; that norms and standards for school mentor selection and support are developed; that there should be more workshopping, seminars and conferences for mentors; and that schools should be assisted to develop collegial-emancipatory quality assurance systems for mentoring. A rainbow model for assuring the quality of mentoring in the 1+1 IPTE mode is finally recommended. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2014
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A model for enhancing trust in information systems tools within Nigeria media planning agencies

  • Authors: Olaitan, Olutoyin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-4136
  • Date: 2014-06
  • Subjects: Information resources management--Nigeria , Information networks--Security measures--Nigeria
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24904 , vital:63669
  • Description: Media Planning Agencies (MPAs) are responsible for purchasing time and advertising space on behalf of organisations who desire to advertise or market their products and services (Kupoluyi, 2011). These agencies perform their tasks based on the evaluative factors of pricing, demographics, reach, psychographics and other factors relevant to the clients’ target market which are all enabled by technology. MPAs utilise industry specific Information Systems (IS) tools in their business processes. McKnight (2005) contends that trust in IS tools directly impacts on the willingness of a user to depend on such IS tools for accomplishing their goals. The research problem exists due to the fact that the current level of trust in these IS tools employed within MPAs in Nigeria is very low (Egbonwon, 2012). This distrust has led to the non-optimisation of the available tools. Empirical findings reveal that most of the personnel in these agencies prefer to actualise their processes manually, or at best with the limited aid of Microsoft Office tools such as Excel and Word (Akharume, 2012). Thus the research problem investigated trust-enhancing mechanisms for IS tools in MPAs to improve efficient and effective use. The study conducted an in-depth critique of the role of trust in maximizing IS tools to improve efficiency and effectiveness within Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This was done through a literature review and questionnaire. The output of the research process is the proposition of a model for enhancing trust in IS tools within MPAs. The study proposed that the enhancement of trust in IS tools will lead to optimal use of these tools, thus leading to efficiency and effectiveness in the operations of Nigerian MPAs. The model was developed by following Hevner, March, Park and Ram’s (2004) Design Science research guidelines and validated through an expert review process. The outcome of the expert review was used to further refine the model and thereafter conclude the study. It is believed that the outcome of this research will empower MPAs to become competitive nationally, grow into global players in their industry and achieve efficiency with regards to how business is conducted. , Thesis (MCom IS) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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A model for enhancing trust in information systems tools within Nigerian media planning agencies

  • Authors: Olutoyin, Olaitan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-4136
  • Date: 2014-06
  • Subjects: Advertising media planning -- Nigeria , Information resources management -- Nigeria
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25592 , vital:64337
  • Description: Media Planning Agencies (MPAs) are responsible for purchasing time and advertising space on behalf of organisations who desire to advertise or market their products and services (Kupoluyi, 2011). These agencies perform their tasks based on the evaluative factors of pricing, demographics, reach, psychographics and other factors relevant to the clients’ target market which are all enabled by technology. MPAs utilise industry specific Information Systems (IS) tools in their business processes. McKnight (2005) contends that trust in IS tools directly impacts on the willingness of a user to depend on such IS tools for accomplishing their goals. The research problem exists due to the fact that the current level of trust in these IS tools employed within MPAs in Nigeria is very low (Egbonwon, 2012). This distrust has led to the non-optimisation of the available tools. Empirical findings reveal that most of the personnel in these agencies prefer to actualise their processes manually, or at best with the limited aid of Microsoft Office tools such as Excel and Word (Akharume, 2012). Thus the research problem investigated trust-enhancing mechanisms for IS tools in MPAs to improve efficient and effective use. The study conducted an in-depth critique of the role of trust in maximizing IS tools to improve efficiency and effectiveness within Nigerian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This was done through a literature review and questionnaire. The output of the research process is the proposition of a model for enhancing trust in IS tools within MPAs. The study proposed that the enhancement of trust in IS tools will lead to optimal use of these tools, thus leading to efficiency and effectiveness in the operations of Nigerian MPAs. The model was developed by following Hevner, March, Park and Ram’s (2004) Design Science research guidelines and validated through an expert review process. The outcome of the expert review was used to further refine the model and thereafter conclude the study. It is believed that the outcome of this research will empower MPAs to become competitive nationally, grow into global players in their industry and achieve efficiency with regards to how business is conducted. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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An investigation into identity formation of school- going adolescents : application of the neo- eriksonian paradigm in an urban African context

  • Authors: Vasi, Shirlee
  • Date: 2014-06
  • Subjects: Adolescence , Identity (Psychology) in adolescence , Youth
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26503 , vital:65482
  • Description: The study drew on two approaches on identity formation, each postulating differing but complementary exploration components style and status in an effort to better understand the dimensions of identity formation as measured by the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3. The sample of the study N 111 was socio/demographically diverse with respect to gender, age, race and language, with participants drawn from an urban high school setting in the Eastern Cape. Overall patterns of results revealed by Analysis of Variance ANOVA suggested that significant differences exist between adolescents with respect to gender and age in a South African context. No significant results were noted for the identity variables of race and language, with the identity variables of the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3. Inter-correlations among the identity variables of the EOM EIS 2 and the ISI3 for the sample of school-going adolescents in this study were investigated. The findings provide evidence that the two instruments to a large extent carry a similar meaning theoretically within an African setting. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
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An investigation into the learning outcomes the selected life orientation educators teach in the intermediate and senior phase: implications for instructional supervision in two J.S.S. in Butterworth district

  • Authors: Sele, Noxolo
  • Date: 2014-06
  • Subjects: Life skills -- Study and teaching
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25393 , vital:64235
  • Description: This study seeks to investigate the Life Orientation (LO) Learning Outcomes the selected educators teach in the Intermediate and Senior Phase. It focuses on two Junior Secondary Schools (J.S.S.) in Butterworth Education District of the Eastern Cape Province. According to the Department of Education (2002) Life Orientation is mandatory for all learners in the Senior and Further Education and Training phases of Basic Education. It offers possibilities for equipping learners in South Africa with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to develop confidence within themselves and to become responsible citizens. In this inquiry, the study used qualitative research methods to explore how teachers and learners perceive the implementation of LO. The research on both teachers and learners has testified that the most looked part in LO is its importance on the developmental aspect of learners. The finding also draws strongly from what the literature has revealed, that Life Orientation curriculum expressly revolves around learners achieving outcomes, which are identified and assessed through the acquisition and demonstration of knowledge, skills, attitudes and value. The educators affirmed that LO was an important subject but was looked down by many teachers as less interesting and boring. The interviewees argued that LO contributes to best understanding of challenges facing our youth. One major recommendation was that grade teachers must draw insights from various teaching approaches and move beyond using one approach to deliver LO. Among other things, future research need to investigate what training needs do teachers and school heads need to arouse their interest and eagerness to facilitate teaching of LO? , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2014
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Pills, Politics and Partners: NGOs and the Management of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Eastern Cape, with special reference to the Lusikisiki Project, 2004-2014

  • Authors: Govere, Fredrick Murambiwa
  • Date: 2014-06
  • Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Management , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention , HIV-positive persons -- Services for -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25720 , vital:64473
  • Description: South Africa is one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV prevalence rates remain stubbornly high.1 This trend is both concerning and difficult to explain given that South Africa is economically well-resourced with a better health care infrastructure relative to other African countries. The African National Congress identified the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a major public health threat to South Africa as early as the 1990s (Parikh and Whiteside, 2007; Gevisser, 2007). In response, international donors provided a substantial amount of financial resources to support improvements in South Africa’s health care infrastructure. The persistently high rates of HIV/AIDS in the population beg for answers to questions such as why South Africa’s political leadership has been unable to control the spread of the disease and what particular social, behavioural and economic factors have contributed to South Africa’s disproportionate share of the global HIV/AIDS burden. At this point in time, public health experts still have not been able to definitively isolate the factors that explain the severity of the HIV/AIDS disease burden within South Africa’s population. While international donor aid continues to play a central role in the social, economic and health betterment in developing nations, its political impact on local governance structures has been much debated.2 In particular, the roles played by non-government organisations (NGOs) in the fight against HIV/AIDS in South Africa have been found to be complex, controversial, and their lasting value contested. Specifically debated is the disproportionate global investment in HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in South Africa and the ways in which it has shaped intervention strategies, public and private policy, and the governance roles assumed by various national and local governmental agencies. Despite the threat of diminished financial support from international donor agencies that has loomed heavily over recipient countries in recent years, a number of key international donors have actually scaled up their global response to HIV/AIDS, particularly in South Africa.3 These donor agencies include the U.S. government’s Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund, as well as non-profit humanitarian organisations such as Mèdecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF), commonly known as Doctors without Borders. This study aims to critically examine the prevailing intervention strategy used by these international donors to “push the pill;” that is, to push a public health agenda that holds antiretroviral (ARV) therapy as the preeminent solution to fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the expense of other intervention strategies. While a biomedical approach remains the most compelling intervention strategy, the fight against HIV/AIDS needs to be more comprehensive in its scope taking into account local knowledge and culture. This study will discuss how political rhetoric delivered through the media and monitoring, evaluation, and reporting systems has been used to embed a biomedical pill agenda into the organizational culture and intervention strategies implemented by local community-based organizations. Through a process of strategic translation, HIV/AIDS has been portrayed as the number one health problem facing South Africa today; in fact, across all of Sub-Saharan Africa (World Health Organisation 2005a, 2005b). As such, the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has justified the focus on making ARV drugs available throughout Sub-Saharan Africa at the expense of other interventions that could aim more precisely at the key social and health problems faced by the South African population which compromise health and well-being. The question about whose interests are donors and donor-funded agencies representing, and what are the intended and unintended consequences that result from these interests is the subject of this study. The study will attempt to shed light on these questions through a critical examination of the widely publicized HIV/AIDS intervention programme, the Lusikisiki Project, located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. I have drawn extensively from the development discourse literature and such scholars as Ferguson, 1990; Escobar, 1994 and 1995; Rist, 1997; and Mosse, 2005, to provide theoretical grounding for answering the questions posed.4 The study will critically analyse the social and political factors that defined this reputedly successful HIV/AIDS intervention project. Further, the study wil elucidate other cultural and behavioural factors that shaped the initiative in its battle against HIV/AIDS. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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The challenges faced by orphans and vulnerable children in cluster foster homes in South Africa: the case of Ekhaya losizo in Grahamstown

  • Authors: Nyamutinga, Dudzai
  • Date: 2014-06
  • Subjects: Foster home care -- South Africa , Social work with children -- South Africa , Orphans -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27402 , vital:67291
  • Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by orphans and vulnerable children in cluster foster homes . The case of Ekhaya losizo Cluster home. The study intended to bring out the challenges that children who have been abandoned, neglected and orphaned face after they are found in need of care and protection and then are placed in institutional care. The first objective was to explore the different kind of challenges that orphans and vulnerable children encounter in a cluster foster home. The research study concluded that children face physical, emotional and psychological challenges. The research also examined the effects of these physical, social and emotional challenges on the wellbeing and welfare of these orphans and vulnerable children. According to the research study, most children in the cluster home faced a number of social, emotional and psychological wellbeing which affect normal development. The research focused on investigating the kind of support that is offered by community members to such orphans and vulnerable children. According to the findings, children are provided with emotional support, financial, social and educational. The study findings revealed that there is much support provided by the community. The last objective which is the fourth one is aimed at examining services that are offered by social service practitioners in the care of orphans and vulnerable children in cluster foster care. The study findings managed to document that social workers are very much instrumental in the welfare of children. This is because they are involved in identifying the child in need of care and protection as stipulated in the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, they do placements of children in cluster homes, monitoring and also identifying suitable caregivers who are able to provide proper nurturance to children. Psychologists are also instrumental in providing counselling to these children. They help those children that are traumatized, orphaned, abandoned and those that are having adaptation challenges as well as attachment challenges. The study utilized a qualitative method in order for the researcher to understand the challenges faced by orphans and vulnerable children. Purposive sampling which is non- probability was used with both in-depth interview as well as focus group discussion. The researcher purposely selected those people who are relevant in providing the relevant information for the research. The study utilized an in-depth interview guide as well as focus group discussion to gather information from respondents. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
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Christian teaching and learning methodologies on the social life of children: a case study of the children's ministry of the church of Central Africa Presbyterian, Blantyre Synod, Malawi

  • Authors: Mulele, Dennis Kanthunkako
  • Date: 2014-05
  • Subjects: Sociology, Biblical , Christian sociology , Religious aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26470 , vital:65420
  • Description: The escalation of antisocial behaviour among Christian children of the CCAP Blantyre Synod is a major threat for the future of the church community and the nation of Malawi, at large. This upsurge is a growing concern among Christian parents especially during this century. Through research interviews that were conducted with Christian adults, this dissertation seeks to establish the causes of antisocial behaviour among the Christian children of the CCAP Blantyre Synod. This dissertation also aims to find out whether the Christian teaching and learning methods used by Blantyre Synod are effective in addressing the escalation of antisocial behaviour. This study also analyses the challenges faced by Blantyre Synod and the effects on Christian children. A multi-method research strategy included a qualitative research approach and case study. Data were collected from multiple sources in 8 congregations of the CCAP, Blantyre Synod. Documentary evidence; guided interviews with participants in the CCAP Blantyre Synod and questionnaires were used. The interviews were conducted with Christian parents, church leaders and Sunday school teachers. Some of these interviews were recorded. This research explores the factors that influence the escalation of antisocial behaviour and the effects on Christian children. This research revealed that the escalation of antisocial behaviour arises because of a lack of parental modeling, use of technology and globalization, poverty, lack of understanding human rights, environment in which a Christian child lives, lack of well trained Sundays school teachers, westernization practices, peer grouping and political influences. The study concludes that the utilization of Christian teaching and learning methodologies on the social life of children in CCAP, Blantyre Synod will help in the fight against antisocial behaviour and close the gaps that facilitate the escalation of antisocial behaviour. Therefore the use of effective Christian teaching and learning methodologies provide an opportunity to tailor policies to be used in Christian teaching and learning of Christian children. , Thesis (MTh) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
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Problem-based learning strategies as determinant of grade 9 student's academic achievement in algebra

  • Authors: Olaoye, Olabisi Fatimat
  • Date: 2014-04
  • Subjects: Problem-based learning , Learning strategies
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24717 , vital:63535
  • Description: Many scholars in the field of mathematics education have written extensively on algebra and the reasons why algebra remains one of the aspects of mathematics that usually poses problems to students. This study examined the effects of problem based learning strategies on students’ academic achievement in algebra using language proficiency and gender as moderator variables. A 3X2X3 pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was adopted in the study. One hundred and nine subjects were involved in the study (109) this consisted of forty-four males and sixty-five females in four Grade 9 mathematics classes in East London District. The study was carried out in two schools using two intact classes in each of the school. One class in each school was randomly assigned to the experimental and another to control groups. Four instruments were constructed and used for this study. These are: Language Proficiency Achievement Test (LPAT), Problem Based Learning Strategies are in two parts (PBLSa) and (PBLSb), Conventional Teaching Guide (C.T.G). The instruments were validated and used for data collection before and after the four week experiment. Seven hypotheses were generated and tested in the study at 0.05 alpha levels. The data collected were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics, which included Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) of students post-test achievement and where the results were significant, Pairwise Comparison Analysis of Scheffe post-hoc were employed to detect the source of variation and the direction of significance of post-test achievement according to treatment groups. One of the major findings of this study was that problem based learning strategies (PBLSa), (PBLSb) are more effective than conventional method in students’ academic achievement in algebra ( x = 3.05; SE =.720), ( x = 4.23; SE=.714), ( x = 3.36; SE =.726) in that order. The study also revealed there is no significant main effect of treatment and language proficiency on students’ academic achievement in Algebra (F (2,109) = .926; p>.05). Also, there is no significant main effect of treatment and gender on students’ academic achievement in algebra. (F (1.109) =.237; p>.05). However, this study recommended that problem based learning strategies should be embraced by both the teachers and learners in order to enhance students’ academic achievement in algebra. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2014
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A Study of grade 3 teachers' practices of developing learners' comprehension skills when teaching reading of isiXhosa in one selected junior primary school at Mdatsane in the Eastern cape: a case study

  • Authors: Filita, Mandisa
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Reading comprehension , Xhosa language , Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26448 , vital:65318
  • Description: The problem of reading in South African schools has attracted the growing attention of researchers in South Africa and the entire world. Learners’ inability to read isiXhosa with understanding has become of major concern to the teachers, parents and the DoE. The root of the problem has been identified as the ineffective teaching of reading of isiXhosa in the schools, which result in learners’ consequent inability to independently apply comprehension skills to learn from reading across the curriculum. Furthermore, systemic barriers that exist in the education system seem to be another reason for learners’ reading problems in isiXhosa. Also there is the problem of the inadequately trained teachers in the home language of learners (isiXhosa) as they seemingly lack capacity to develop learners’ literacy to effective levels. In addition, many learners come from deprived print environments where texts are seldom part of their daily experience. The main aim of this study was to interrogate the practices undertaken by teachers in trying to develop comprehension skills of learners when reading in isiXhosa and the value they attach to reading generally and to the reading of isiXhosa in particular. The support teachers get from relevant stakeholders was also considered. The overall approach used was a qualitative approach. The study was structured according to the case study mode of enquiry, using the interpretive paradigm. The sampling used was purposive as I purposefully selected grade 3 teachers, as grade 3 is an exit grade in foundation phase. Furthermore, convenience sampling was also used for easy access, as the research site was the school where I work. The instruments used for data collection were semi-structured interviews and observations that were conducted in one junior primary school in a township context with four grade 3 teachers. It was found that as much as teachers’ practices have a contributing effect on learners’ inability to read isiXhosa with understanding, there are also various other factors which multiply the problem. The study reveals the following main findings: Firstly, the teachers believe that reading is a very important skill that needs to be developed with learners as all other learning is based on it. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2014
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An assessment of the challenges facing the Eastern cape Nkonkobe Municipality in the provision of Adequate housing for the poor (2010- 2012)

  • Authors: Mkiva, Nkosohlanga Matthew
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Municipal services , Housing policy -- South Africa , Housing -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25766 , vital:64477
  • Description: The purpose of this study was to asses the challenges facing the Eastern Cape Nkonkobe Municipality in the provision of adequate housing for the poor. The study also aimed at suggesting mechanisms or strategies that could be applied to remedy the situation. It became evident throughout the study that the government has tried its best to fight against homelessness, but there are still thousands of people who do not have houses. The study was conducted through the use of a combination of the qualitative and quantitative research methods. Multiple methods were used with a view to increasing the reliability of observations. Twenty questionnaires were distributed to people at grassroots and ten questionnaires were distributed to the municipal officials. It has been noted in the study that community participation at all government levels is not taken seriously thus the housing problem in Nkonkobe Municipality. It is evident in the study that all the peoples’ projects in this municipality should be people-driven. It has also been pointed out that the service providers take a big slice of the municipal budget. The National Department of Human Settlement must also increase the budget that is allocated to the local municipalities so as to be able to spearhead housing delivery. This study will make a great contribution to the society in that all stakeholders will devise mechanisms to fight against housing challenges in the Nkonkobe Municipality. The municipal officials will devise workable solutions to the housing problem in Nkonkobe. This will change peoples’ lives and human dignity will be restored. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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An assessment of the challenges to housing delievery in the Engcobo Municipality - Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Jiyose, L
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Housing policy -- South Africa , Public housing , Low-income housing
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25613 , vital:64342
  • Description: The intention of this study was to examine the challenges facing housing service delivery and its impact in Ngcobo Municipality. The study was also focusing on the factors that prevent/hinder the delivery of houses in Ngcobo. In this process the role of the different stakeholders has been identified and it became apparent that the spheres of government do not always complement each other or plan together. There was not a single window of co-ordination and this has resulted in a lack of support by National and Provincial government to the local sphere. The role of politicians and government officials and their lack of understanding of government policies has led to poor housing service delivery. In some instances their inability to work as a collective created tension and a lack of trust on the part of the community. This study has adopted both qualitative and quantitative research methods which are regarded as complementary. The findings that emerged from the study was that this housing service delivery project lacked integrated planning by the stakeholders. It is crucial and would make a significant difference if the Ngcobo Municipality were to review the results of the study and consider implementing its recommendations. The recommendations by the researcher relate to the areas of integrated planning, budgeting, execution, monitoring and evaluation. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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Determinants of managers' attitudes toward employing people with disabilities in small and medium enterprises in Nkonkobe Municipality

  • Authors: Ntunzi, Bulelwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-3672
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Discrimination against people with disabilities--South Africa , Discrimination in employment--South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24857 , vital:63662
  • Description: In regard to employment, people with disabilities are discriminated. Unfavourable employer attitudes result in discrimination toward people with disabilities. Entering and progressing in employment create a sense of independency, responsibility and build the self-esteem of people with disabilities. This study sought to determine the influence of individualism-collectivism and demographic factors (age, gender, and level of education) of managers’ attitudes toward employing people with disabilities in small and medium enterprises in Nkonkobe Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The social and medical model of disability provided a framework for understanding the literature on attitudes toward people with disabilities. Data was collected from 110 respondents in small and medium enterprises using two scales (Individualism-collectivism Scale and Employer Attitudes toward People with Disabilities Scale). Independent t-tests were used to test each of the hypotheses in the study and ANOVA was used for comparisons among variables. No significant differences found in attitudes on individualistic and collectivistic oriented managers toward employing people with disabilities. In addition, no significant differences in attitudes of managers over age, gender and level of education toward employing people with disabilities in small and medium enterprises. People with disabilities can be a benefit to the organisations since their skills and talents can help the organisations to remain stable in the competitive global environment. , Thesis (MCom (IPS)) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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Social entrepreneurship and employment creation in Zimbabwe: a case of Guruve rural district

  • Authors: Munetsi, Rumbidzai
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Social entrepreneurship -- Zimbabwe , Labor market -- Zimbabwe
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26426 , vital:65307
  • Description: In the last decade or so, social entrepreneurship has received a growing interest amongst researchers. Social entrepreneurship is the process of pursuing innovative solutions to social problems. The MDGs have formed the basis of commitment of the world leaders to reduce extreme poverty. As a result, the goals recognize specific development priorities across a very broad range such as poverty and education. They address targets such as increasing incomes; reduce hunger and achieving universal education. With the adoption of the ESAP in Zimbabwe, the government withdrew its support in the key areas of poverty reduction such as social services, education and agricultural inputs. This led to the destruction of livelihoods, marginalization of the poor and unemployment. Additionally, the government adopted the land reform programme in 2000. The programme affected the commercial farming and traditional source of exports which was a provider of 400 000 jobs for rural communities. The land reform precipitated the economic and subsequent social crisis in the country. Agricultural production was disrupted. The decline in the agricultural sector is correlated to the poverty levels in rural areas. The incidences of poverty are more pronounced in rural areas than urban areas. Poverty incidences are multi-faceted through various dimensions such as income levels, education and employment. Hence, the question is what can be done to address rural poverty? It is against this background that this study is determined to evaluate the impact of social entrepreneurship and poverty reduction in rural communities. Therefore the theoretical framework guiding this study is neo-liberalism theory, basic needs and sustainable livelihoods approach. , Thesis (MSoc Dev) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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Synthesis, characterization & comparative evaluation of photo-catalytic & antimicrobial activity of Ag2O and TiO2 immobilized on nanofibres for treatment

  • Authors: Gxumisa, Xoliswa
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Pollution http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85104530 , Titanium dioxide http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85135627 , Photocatalysis http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh93001301
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19545 , vital:43138
  • Description: Water is a very essential substance for the existence of organisms and the environment where it functions as a transport medium for valuable chemicals, minerals, nutrients and also as a reaction medium. However, the remarkable water properties are not just limited to the dissolution of biological valuable substances, but also to harmful entities during pollution. This has led to research in the improvement and development of new techniques for water treatment. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver oxide (Ag2O) were prepared using the sol gel process and precipitation method respectively. The TiO2 was doped using a sol gel process with carbon and nitrogen so as to reduce the band gap. TiO2/Ag2O, N-TiO2/Ag2O and C-TiO2/Ag2O composites were also prepared using a precipitation method. The average particle size of prepared TiO2, C-TiO2, N-TiO2, Ag2O, TiO2/Ag2O, N-TiO2/Ag2O and CTiO2/Ag2O was found to be 13nm, 7nm, 10nm, 23nm, 28nm, 24nm and 21nm respectively as measured by TEM analysis. The photo-catalysts, Ag2O and TiO2 and their composites were immobilized on stabilized nanofibres using the electrospinning process to allow subsequent separation and reconciliation of the photo-catalyst after use in water treatment. The photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of photo-catalysts were also evaluated using water contaminated with phenol red dye and Escherichia coli. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRSEM, DRS, EDX, FT-IR, and TGA. Carbon was found to be more effective as a dopant than nitrogen. It reduced the band gap by 0.4 while nitrogen doping showed a reduction in band gap of 0.2 compared to undoped titanium dioxide. The doped TiO2 exhibited higher photo-catalytic and antimicrobial activity than the undoped TiO2. Introduction of Ag2O allowed utilization of visible light by the TiO2- Ag2O nano-composite leading to an improved rate of photo-degradation of phenol red and inactivation of E coli. Photo-catalytic properties showed that carbon doped materials have a higher photo-catalytic activity than nitrogen doped materials, while for antimicrobial v properties it is vice-versa. The immobilization of photo-catalysts on support material made it less effective towards the degradation of phenol red. The rate of photo-oxidation of phenol red was three times faster using powder TiO2 compared to immobilized TiO2. Therefore, this study suggests that photo-catalysis can be used as an effective method for water disinfection and production of potable and pathogen free drinking water even though better methods of immobilization should be sought. , Thesis (MSc) (Chemistry) -- University of Fort Hare, 2014
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The challenges of re-skilling former prison inmates in the 21st century: a case study of Nkonkobe municipality, Eastern Cape - South Africa

  • Authors: Ralasi, Nolusindiso
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Criminals -- Rehabilitation , Prisoners -- Education , Alternatives to imprisonment
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25687 , vital:64432
  • Description: The main aim of this study is to investigate challenges of re-skilling former inmates in South Africa in the 21st century. This is a case study of the Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape - South Africa. The objectives of this research are: to identify the current skills and education programmes offered by the DCS, to establish perceptions of inmates regarding the role of the DCS in skills training and education, to find out whether the current former inmates feel the support of society, to ascertain the offenders’ education levels, professional skills and job experience before and after prison, to identify the status of the offenders’ rights and rehabilitation programmes, to provide recommendations on ways to cement policy loopholes that have a deleterious effect on the government’s drive to create a whole new world for the ex-inmates and their holding communities. A qualitative research design was used to collect data from the participants in order to obtain in-depth information concerning the perceived impact of the life skills programmes on the behaviour and conduct of former inmates who participated in the programme. The findings reveal that the life skills programmes had an impact on the behaviour of former inmates because the life skills that they had gained from the programme mostly helped them desist from committing the offences that they used to commit. The life skills also curbed their anti-social behaviour tendencies. The factors that contributed to the success of the project included the approaches that the facilitators used to run the project, such as, motivating the inmates in everything that they did and the cooperation between the facilitators, the prison and the community. The findings also reveal that the good team work that occurred between the former inmates, support from the community, as well as the support from the Department of Correctional Services contributed to the success of the project. It was also suggested that the project should include all youths in the community; imprisonment should not be a passport to empowerment. The final suggestion was that the project should include all stakeholders in the community. The life skills projects should target unemployed youths in the communities so that they can gain skills that can help them become self-employed. The study also recommends that the life skills programmes should be implemented in all prisons in South Africa to provide inmates with life skills that can help them face day-to-day life challenges. This study culminates in the realisation that no life skills programmes can be successful in any society if they exclude the core social members who are law-abiding citizens. This is key to ensure that these programmes do not polarise the society due to empowerment being erroneously viewed as a preserve of those who did not abide by societal laws. This would set a wrong precedence that this study seeks to forestall. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
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The role of decent rural employment in counteracting food insecurity in Bindura rural district, Zimbabwe

  • Authors: Chimberengwa, Patronella
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Poverty -- Prevention , Food security , Food relief
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26324 , vital:65238
  • Description: Despite many initiatives that are being implemented by the governments of different nations and the international community to minimize hunger and poverty in rural areas, several households continue to suffer from food insecurity. The World Food Programme (WFP) and the government in Zimbabwe are providing food aid to approximately 1.6 million people across the 37 districts in the country. Measures have been undertaken to counter food insecurity in Zimbabwe but to no avail. Food related public policies such as donor aid and government subsidies have also been unworkable for such a long time. In this study a comprehensive analysis of the role of decent rural employment in counteracting food insecurity will be provided. The study also seeks to assess how humanitarian work psychologists can work together with various stakeholders in society so as to curb household food insecurity. The Study population included all the households in Bindura rural district in Zimbabwe. Both quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. The researcher used cluster sampling procedure in which households were divided into groups (clusters) and a sample of the groups was selected. A random sample was then drawn from the elements within each selected group. The results confirmed that those that are not decently employed face a broad range of decent work deficits, exploitation at work and are food insecure, a finding that is similar to other countries. Thus, the researcher concluded that Decent Rural employment do have an impact on food security. Taking a look at the basic tenets of decent employment such as full time employment, a decent income, reasonable working hours and employee benefits among others, the results showed that they all impact on food security. The information obtained will be fundamental for communities at risk and dealing with the issue may help improve food insecurity situation in the country. This information will also help in formulating special measures in the form of tailor made strategies specifically made for the district and helps in doing away with what is called a one size fits all approach to food security as it pays particular attention to the households in that particular district. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2014
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The role of records management in the sustainability of small micro medium enterprises (SMMEs) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: a study of Alice and Fort Beaufort

  • Authors: Ajibade, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-8378
  • Date: 2014
  • Subjects: Knowledge management , Small business
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25259 , vital:64122
  • Description: The study sought to investigate the role of records management in the sustainability of the Small Micro, Medium enterprises (SMMEs) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa with focus on Alice and Fort Beaufort towns. The objectives of the study were to identify the types of records that are kept by SMMEs; evaluate the infrastructure for the SMMEs records management; determine the compliance of SMMEs with the existing RM legal and regulatory requirements; and identify the challenges related to SMMEs records practices. Twenty three (23) respondents from SMMEs were interviewed. Findings revealed all the respondents could not confirm adoption of any systemic way of records management to support business functions and operations. Majority of the SMMEs due to their inability to maintain records could not identify potential benefit of business RM with an exception of three SMMEs. The respondents were not aware of any compliance and regulatory framework most especially on business records management. The challenges facing SMMEs include; inability to capture/create maintain, preserve business records systematically in its lifecycle. The SMMEs lack needed training especially in records management to allow them the benefit of maintaining business records. It is recommended that SMMEs should acquire skill that would enable them manage their business records that may help improved decision making. There should be legislative and regulatory framework that ensures compliance. And assistance should be rendered to train SMMEs on basic RM skills that could improve their business operations. , Thesis (MLIS) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2014
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