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An assessment of the cost effectiveness and impact of introducing a laboratory electronic gatekeeping system at an academic hospital in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Mayekiso, Zoliswa
  • Date: 2024-00
  • Subjects: Medicine and Health Scienes
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13042 , vital:76864
  • Description: Monitoring laboratory expenditure is crucial to ensure that laboratory services remain sustainable and affordable. In South Africa, the National Department of Health (NDoH) and its partner, the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) collaborated to introduce Electronic Gate Keeping (EGK) systems across the country. Countries across the globe report an increase in expenditure associated with medical laboratory testing. In 2020, the United States Department of Health and Human Services reported that laboratory test expenditures increased by $459 million from $7.1 billion in 2018. In South Africa, laboratory testing expenditure in the public sector increased from $415 million (R4.5 billion) in 2014 to $723 million (R10.7 billion) in 2021. Many countries, including South Africa, are developing, and testing new methods to reduce the excessive demand for medical laboratory tests for patient investigations to reduce the burden of rising laboratory costs on national budgets. The aim of the study is to assess the cost-effectiveness and impact of introducing a laboratory electronic gate keeping system at an academic hospital in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Objectives: This study addressed four goals which are: (i) Evaluated the impact of the EGK intervention by obtaining the number of inappropriately requested test investigations averted and cost associated (cost savings) at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital (NMAH), Eastern Cape, between 1st June 2015 to 31st May 2017. (ii) Determined the costs associated with inappropriately requested test investigations analysed prior to the implementation of EGK at NMAH, Eastern Cape, from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2015. (iii) Determined the costs associated with inappropriately xxxiii requested test investigations analysed during the implementation of EGK at NMAH, Eastern Cape, from 1st June 2015 to 31st May 2017. (iv) Evaluated the costs and cost effectiveness analysis of introducing and implementing EGK at NMAH, Eastern Cape, between 1st June 2015 to 31st May 2017. Methods: In addressing the four objectives, this study was undergone in four phases, making use of secondary data on laboratory expenditure, primarily collected electronically by the NHLS and supplied to NMAH on monthly basis. In objective 1 and phase 1 of the study, a cross sectional study design to retrospectively audit EGK subjected tests at the NHLS in Mthatha by Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital over 24 months was employed. In objective 2 and 3 and phase 2 of the study, a cross-sectional study using an interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) to determine the impact of the EGK intervention was employed. In this phase, two periods comparing laboratory expenditure before and during the EGK intervention were analysed over a period of 24 months. In objective 4 and phase 3 of the study, a cross-sectional study that used cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) to evaluate a cost effectiveness of EGK intervention over 24 months was done. Results: In the first phase, we found that out of 448 028 tests requested, 17,480 (3.9%) were rejected after being identified as unnecessary through the EGK system. This rejection rate of 3.9% generated cost savings of $51,967.07 (R807,110.95). The top three tests that generated the most savings were the c-reactive protein with $6,077.68 (R94,393.59), free thyroxine with $5,199.92 (R80,760.94) and hepatitis A IgM with $3,813.61 (R59,229.98). In the second phase, our results demonstrated that xxxiv there was a significant reduction (211,928 fewer tests) in the number of tests performed during the intervention (434,790) compared to before the intervention (646,718). Laboratory test expenditure was $1,663,756.72 (R24,823,250.26) before the intervention period and $1,105,036.88 (R1,567,150.25) during the intervention period, demonstrating a cost savings of $558,719.84 (R8,336,100.01). In the last phase 3, results showed that implementing EGK resulted in lower costs - $515,114.96 (R7,685,515.20) and 212 fewer tests, resulting in an Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of USD 2,430.00 (R36,255.60) which is evidence is needed to evaluate the cost effectiveness of EGK in South Africa from a societal perspective. , Thesis Phd -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-00

Government expenditure on health services and economic development in South Africa

  • Authors: Magida, Ngesisa
  • Date: 2024-00
  • Subjects: Government expenditure on health services
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10146 , vital:74943
  • Description: Economic development relates to economic growth and improvements in the living standards of people. South Africa is ranked among the slow developing countries in the world, based on the high percentage of people living under poor conditions. This study examines the relationship between government health expenditure and economic development in South Africa between 1994 and 2022. Human development index (HDI), government health expenditure (GHE), inflation, population growth, and unemployment are the variables used to investigate this relationship. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Granger causality were employed to examine this relationship. Government expenditure on health services and inflation were found to have a positive short-run and long-run relationship with human development index, whereas unemployment and population growth showed a negative relationship with HDI in the long-run. Granger causality results highlighted a unidirectional causality between HDI and GHE in South Africa, among other explanatory variables. HDI Granger causes GHE and vice versa. Continuous increment and monitoring of GHE distribution, to ensure that the growing population receives proper healthcare to boost the life expectancy of the citizens and to fund the preventative measures against health epidemics in South Africa is the policy recommendation to improve HDI in South Africa. Keywords: , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Financial Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-00

Household food security status and its determinantsin Mthata Eastern Cape Province

  • Authors: Nodo, Asive
  • Date: 2024-00
  • Subjects: Food Security
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10156 , vital:74945
  • Description: Food security remains a critical issue worldwide, and South Africa is no exception. This national challenge is especially acute in the Eastern Cape Province, known as one of the poorest regions in the country. The highest rates of poverty are observed in the Eastern Cape Province, with the population largely dependent on social grants to secure their food needs. The primary objective of the study was to examine the household food security status and its determinants in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study was conducted in Tabase and Ncise in Mthatha. The purposive sampling technique was employed in the study and 336 data points were achieved. The study used the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), developed by the USAID-funded Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II (FANTA), and leveraged Tobit regression analysis, particularly advantageous for handling censored dependent variables, to examine the determinants of food household food security. The results revealed that gender, age, crops and social grants have no statistical significant relationship with food insecurity. Education, employment status, income, livestock and dietary diversity have a statistical significant relationship with food insecurity. Results further revealed that 40.36% of households were food insecure while 4.22% were food secure, 7.83% were mildly food insecure and 40.36% were severely food insecure. The study recommends the formation of agricultural cooperatives with government support, prioritising education incentives, and strengthening existing food support initiatives. It emphasizes promoting savings clubs and subsidising nutrient-rich foods to enhance accessibility. These multifaceted recommendations aim to address household food security in Mthatha, providing a comprehensive framework for intervention and policy considerations. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Finacial Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-00

Positioning consumer studies and intrepreneural skills acquisition in selected Eastern Cape Secondary Schools

  • Authors: Mtshatsha, Nondwe Daphne Mariana
  • Date: 2024-00
  • Subjects: Consumer studies and Entrepreneural Skilss acquisition
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11121 , vital:75920
  • Description: To be balanced, education should enhance the development of intellectual, emotional, physical, social, moral, occupational, and financial capabilities. In South Africa's secondary education system, entrepreneurship education is aimed at developing learners’ knowledge and skills for self-sustainability and economic development. The emergence of small businesses is one of the main forces behind a country’s economy and has a significant impact on economic expansion, job creation, and the country's ability to compete internationally. Using the human capital theory, this study aimed to explore how Consumer studies can enhance the acquisition of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills among learners in selected secondary schools in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The study is lensed within constructivism paradigm, with a qualitative research approach, case study design, and purposively sampled fourteen participants. Eight educators from eight public secondary schools (four in the Amathole Education District and four in Mnquma Education District), four principals (two from each education district) and two subject advisors (one from each education district) were sampled for the study. Data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, thematically analysed, and presented according to themes derived from the findings. The study revealed several varied views and experiences on the role of consumer studies in the enhancement of knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship. The findings revealed challenges experienced in the offering of Consumer studies, which include but are not limited to the shortage of adequately trained educators, inappropriate infrastructure, large learner numbers, minimal financial support, and a lack of instructional materials. If left unaddressed, these issues have the potential to undermine the value of Consumer studies as a vehicle for empowerment and change. Recommendations include targeted curriculum revision to streamline content, embracing learner-centred approaches, prioritising subject-oriented professional development, integrating technology for enhanced learning experiences, improving financial support and provision of relevant infrastructure. Keywords: Consumer studies, entrepreneurship, skills acquisition, secondary school. , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-00

Vertical price transmission of wheat in South Africa

  • Authors: Swapi, Asemahle
  • Date: 2024-00
  • Subjects: Commerce
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11040 , vital:75880
  • Description: The ability of markets to communicate food price signals at different levels of marketing chains is critical to understanding the nature of the competition in the chain, and development of strategies to address challengers of information symmetry and food insecurity. This study examined vertical transmission of wheat price among the main value chain, looking at the pricing behaviour of certain role players in the wheat production/supply and distribution of bread which is a major staple food consumed in South Africa. A nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) model was used to analyse the yearly time series data for the period of 2000 to 2022. The results of the stationarity test showed that all variables were of order one, I(1). The study used two pairs, namely farmgate price and retail price and farmgate price and wholesale price, to examine the existence of asymmetry between these prices, with rainfall and temperature as control variables. The results indicate the existence of positive long-run asymmetry of 35,9% between farmgate price of wheat and retail price of bread, and 3,49% asymmetry between farmgate price and wholesale price of wheat. In order to develop informed policies on food security, this study suggests that the government should enhance regular access to data and sustain its monitoring and communication of food price information across the whole country. The other thing that is recommended by the study is the provision of subsidies for wheat farmers to help the wheat industry, reduce the cost of bread production, and make bread more affordable and accessible for consumers. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economic and Financial Sciences, 2024
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  • Date Issued: 2024-00

'N polisistemiese ondersoek na die poësie van instagram-digters

  • Authors: De Wat Jane
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Prosodic analysis (Linguistics) , Poetry
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63265 , vital:73242
  • Description: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die opkoms van Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie en die literêre en sosiale status daarvan te ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na die volgende Afrikaanse aanlyn digters en hul selfpublikasies: Skakerings van geel (@skildermetdigkuns) en Alles wat ek wou sê (@ontmasker), sowel as die sogenaamde Rupi Kaur van Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie, (@kaalwoorde), se digbundel Kosmos en komete wat onlangs deur LAPA Uitgewers gepubliseer is. Daar word ondersoek ingestel na die manier waarop die metamodernistiese konteks waarbinne digitale of e-letterkunde ontwikkel het, in dié skryfstyl manifesteer. In my ondersoek fokus ek op metamodernisme eerder as postmodernisme, omdat metamodernisme groter klem op die waarheid en die objektiewe realiteit plaas, wat ʼn opvallende tema in die werk van die gekose digters is. Die impak van aanlyn poësie op die identiteit en voorstelling van die Zoomer-generasie (individue wat ná 1996 gebore is, andersins bekend as generasie Z) word nagespeur ten einde die impak van hierdie poësie op die gemiddelde Afrikaanse Zoomer-leser te bepaal. Verskeie vrae rakende die posisie van Instagrampoësie binne die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers en kanon word ook onder die loep geneem. Die analise en interpretasie van die gedigte is daarop gemik om die literêre status van hierdie gedigte te ondersoek op grond van skryfpatrone, die evolusie daarvan en die gewildheid wat gemeet word in terme van followers (voortaan volgelinge), likes (voortaan bekend as voorkeure) en comments (voortaan kommentaar).1 Daar is bewys dat die metamodernistiese konteks (wat breedvoerig in die studie gekonseptualiseer en in terme van Suid-Afrika gekontekstualiseer word) waarin hierdie gedigte geformuleer en versprei is, ʼn beduidende invloed het op die toon en temas daarvan. Daar word getoon dat die tematiese stryd met kwessies soos identiteit, geloof en liefde in dié woordkuns verband hou met die sosiopolitieke konteks van die Zoomer-generasie. Hierdie metamodernistiese toestand word gekenmerk deur progressiewe denke, diversiteit en ʼn samelewing wat voortdurend verander. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat Afrikaanse Instagrampoësie ʼn literêre diskoers skep met die doel om nuwe idees met betrekking tot die waarhede van ʼn generasie wat dikwels misverstaan en misgekyk word, voor te stel. Die vryheid van Instagrampoësie bied met ander woorde ʼn geleentheid vir Zoomer-denkers om hulle stempel binne ʼn metamoderne samelewing af te druk. Deur Even-Zohar se 1 Instagram-terme wat verwys na die hoeveelheid mense wat die digter volg, sy/haar/sig gedigte lees en dan ook daarop reageer op ʼn “hou van/hou nie van nie” glyskaal. 4 polisisteemteorie en die leser-reaksie-teorie by die ondersoek na die skep en ontvangs van aanlyn poësie te betrek, word aangetoon dat e-letterkunde wel ʼn plek binne die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers vind. Hoewel die skeppingsproses, publikasie en ontvangs van aanlyn poësie verskil van dié van ander literêre vorme, stel die studie hierdie vorm van poësie aan die Afrikaanse literêre diskoers en kanon bekend. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

A case study of how to implement continuous improvement initiatives

  • Authors: Ntsoane, Makobe Collen
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Employee morale , Incentives in industry , Corporate culture
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65902 , vital:74282
  • Description: The aim of this study was to establish an understanding of the critical success factors of how to successfully implement and sustain continuous improvement projects at the Festive poultry processing plant using the 20 Keys continuous improvement (CI) tool. There are many continuous improvements in methodologies such as lean, 20 Keys , TQM and business process re-engineering. However, it has proven difficult for numerous businesses globally. Festive, a division of Astral Foods, a poultry processing plant, attempted to implement the 20 Keys , a continuous improvement methodology, and it was no exception as it was added to the list of unsuccessful companies. Because of the failed attempt to implement 20 Keys at Festive and many other manufacturing businesses, which attempted to introduce CI initiatives but ultimately failed, factors such as management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture have been revealed by the literature review as contributors to continuous improvement initiatives’ successful or unsuccessful implementation. A case study methodology was applied in this study to understand the real-life context of the failed implementation of Continuous Improvement at Festive. Furthermore, it aimed to explore and explain complex causal links of training, rewards and recognition, organisational culture and management support which can positively impact the implementation of 20 Keys within the poultry processing industry or any manufacturing industry. A mixed method was followed through an online survey and in-depth interviews. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis results revealed that management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture all were related and influenced continuous improvement implementation. Furthermore, companywide training, rewards and recognition proved to be the most significant challenge, resulting in the unsuccessful implementation of 20 Keys. The findings revealed that implementing continuous improvement is not immediate and entails all employees being adequately involved in the entire process from the start. The main finding at Festive was that when implementing the 20 Keys continuous , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2023 , The aim of this study was to establish an understanding of the critical success factors of how to successfully implement and sustain continuous improvement projects at the Festive poultry processing plant using the 20 Keys continuous improvement (CI) tool. There are many continuous improvements in methodologies such as lean, 20 Keys , TQM and business process re-engineering. However, it has proven difficult for numerous businesses globally. Festive, a division of Astral Foods, a poultry processing plant, attempted to implement the 20 Keys , a continuous improvement methodology, and it was no exception as it was added to the list of unsuccessful companies. Because of the failed attempt to implement 20 Keys at Festive and many other manufacturing businesses, which attempted to introduce CI initiatives but ultimately failed, factors such as management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture have been revealed by the literature review as contributors to continuous improvement initiatives’ successful or unsuccessful implementation. A case study methodology was applied in this study to understand the real-life context of the failed implementation of Continuous Improvement at Festive. Furthermore, it aimed to explore and explain complex causal links of training, rewards and recognition, organisational culture and management support which can positively impact the implementation of 20 Keys within the poultry processing industry or any manufacturing industry. A mixed method was followed through an online survey and in-depth interviews. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis results revealed that management support, training, rewards and recognition and organisational culture all were related and influenced continuous improvement implementation. Furthermore, companywide training, rewards and recognition proved to be the most significant challenge, resulting in the unsuccessful implementation of 20 Keys. The findings revealed that implementing continuous improvement is not immediate and entails all employees being adequately involved in the entire process from the start. The main finding at Festive was that when implementing the 20 Keys continuous improvement tool, the training provided was inadequate and mainly focused on managers and not staff. Furthermore, the lack of a rewards and recognition strategy, linked to continuous improvement goals, contributed to resistance to change in the culture and an inability to adapt to change. Misalignment between managers and staff regarding what contributes to successful continuous improvement initiatives, such as training, management involvement and rewards and recognition, was also found to be a contributor to the unsuccessful implementation of continuous improvement.
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Hydridospirophosphorane Ligand Systems Featuring Halogenated Mandelic Acids

  • Authors: Maritz, Marius Johann
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Organic compounds -- Synthesis , Heterocyclic compounds , catalysis -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62096 , vital:71911
  • Description: The search for new stereoselective catalysts remains important for the isolation of enantiomeric products from racemic mixtures. The need exists for these catalysts to be more efficient, to be more cost effective as well as be stable over time without undergoing changes in molecular structure and selectivity. The purpose of this research project was to experimentally synthesise and characterise asymmetric catalysts for the use in enantioselective synthesis. The catalysts consisted of the main group element phosphorous as central atom, with the phenyl rings of mandelic acid ligands monosubstituted with halogen atoms fluorine, chlorine and bromine in different configurations. Ligand binding resulted in the formation of hydridospirophosphorane structures, from which the molecular properties and binding geometry of these molecules could be explained by the theory of apicophilicity. Characterization was performed by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as diffraction studies that provided the experimental crystal structures. The structural, energetic and spectroscopy results were compared to the theoretically obtained molecular properties using DFT analysis. Various interand intramolecular interactions that existed between molecules found in crystal packing environments were discussed. Additional properties that were investigated included modelling solvation effects, molecular orbital analysis, Hirshfeld surfaces, orbital and atomic energy and population analysis as well as ESP energy calculations with the optimized crystal structures as input. Molecular overlay comparisons were also performed between the experimental and optimized structures where the effectiveness of various DFT functionals and basis sets could be determined. The method with the best overall cost-to-accuracy ratio was found to be the triple-zeta def2-tzvp basis set with B3LYP functional theory and the addition of Grimme’s dispersion correction. Results indicated differences in crystal packing depending largely on the given halogen atoms present in the substituted phenyl rings, with differences observed in electronegativity and steric effects. One of the crystal systems showed additional interactions with solvent molecules, giving the impression that obtaining crystal void formation was possible. Alterations in the transition state activation energies between the isomers of each molecule were found to be present and supported the theory behind the mechanism of stereochemical induction. The studied compounds were therefore effective in isolating different enantiomeric ligands by means of energy differences between conformers and displayed unique catalytic properties resulting from the phosphorous main group element. The hydridospirophosphoranes conformers responsible for the lowest theoretically calculated activation energy induced crystallization as was seen by diffraction results for all compounds. Even as an intriguing observation, crystallization will largely depend on solubility rather than a specific conformer’s amount in solution. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

A digital transformation framework for municipalities in the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Luke, Lamla Lonwabo Leadley
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Internet in public administration , Information technology -- Political aspects , Electronic government information
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's thesis , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62506 , vital:72779
  • Description: Digital transformation (DT) integrates technology into all business areas, fundamentally changing how businesses operate and deliver value to their clients. It is also a cultural change that requires organisations to continually challenge the status quo, experiment and get comfortable with change. Smart Municipalities in South Africa have various challenges concerning integrating services and information flow among departments within the municipalities, thus preventing the creation of value for the citizens. The ongoing digital transformation revolutionises urban development and governance, offering opportunities for enhanced citizen services, resource optimisation, and sustainable growth. However, the complexity of implementing smart city initiatives demands a structured approach. Due to urbanisation, municipal management in developing nations must deal with issues like increased energy consumption, pollution, the disposal of toxic wastes, resource depletion, ineffective management of urban infrastructures, ineffective planning processes, overloaded transportation networks, endemic congestion, as well as social inequality and socioeconomic disparity. The extent of digital adoption in the South African province of the Eastern Cape has provided municipalities with a learning opportunity to change into data-driven Smart Municipalities in order to increase productivity, growth, employment, and the need for people with a variety of skills. This study required a review of the literature to examine digital transformation, Smart Municipalities, Smart Municipalities at national and international levels, and Smart Municipality models. The literature review also helped to create a Smart Municipality conceptual model. Data for this study were collected in four Eastern Cape municipalities, namely: DR. AB. Xuma, Enoch Mgijima, Intsika Yethu Local municipalities, and their critical stakeholder Chris Hani District Municipality. The population was all municipal workers, including Municipal Managers, Councillors, Executive Management, ICT officials, Unit Managers, Computer Users and other municipal employees who were using IT to do their job responsibilities within the municipalities. This research study followed a positivistic approach using quantitative methods of analysis. Accordingly, the conceptual model was hypothesised and tested using a questionnaire to collect data and the data were statistically analysed. The study followed a descriptive research designwith a quantitative approach. Various statistical analyses were conducted, including descriptive statistics, reliability and validity metrics of the research instrument, correlation coefficients and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). South Africa has provided municipalities with a learning opportunity to change into data-driven Smart Municipalities to increase productivity, growth, and employment supported by the need for people with a variety of skills. A Value Alignment Smart City Stakeholder (VASCS) model was created in previous research and identified nine dimensions of a smart city, namely Smart Economy, Smart Environment, Smart Governance, Smart Living, Smart Mobility, Smart Organisation, Smart People, Smart Policies and Smart Technology. Due to lack of DT framework and guidelines that guides municipalities on how they can adopt Smart Municipality concept, the objective of this study was to propose and evaluate a Value Alignment Smart Municipality Stakeholder (VASMS) model for municipalities in the Eastern Cape. The nine dimensions were empirically evaluated by stakeholders in four Eastern Cape municipalities. The results depict a change towards the importance of developing a Smart Municipality in the four municipalities, while following appropriate planning, designing, management, operations and governance guidelines. The respondents regarded the smart policy dimension as the most important dimension in the proposed VASMS model. This study further provided practical guidelines for the adoption of smart municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This proposed VASMS model aims to address the unique challenges faced by municipalities in the Eastern Cape as they embark on their digital transformation journey. It outlines a stepby- step process encompassing strategic planning, technological integration, stakeholder engagement, and governance restructuring. Moreover, it emphasises the importance of fostering a collaborative ecosystem between government agencies, private sector partners, and citizens. By offering this VASMS model, this research contributes to the advancement of Smart Municipality initiatives in the Eastern Cape, ultimately paving the way for more efficient, resilient, and citizen-centric urban environments. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computing Sciences, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

A feminist critical discourse analysis of male dominance and violence in Zakes Mda’s the Madonna of excelsior and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s purple hibiscus

  • Authors: Ibitoye, Antonia Folasade
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Feminism and education , Feminism and literature
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63320 , vital:73249
  • Description: This study critically explored male dominance and violence in Africa, through the lens of South African author, Zakes Mda, and Nigerian author, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, in their novels, The Madonna of Excelsior (2004) and Purple Hibiscus (2003), respectively. Women globally often continue to live with male dominance, and this unequal gender structure has propelled feminists to commence movements to counter all forms of discrimination against women. For the study, excerpts from the two novels were used as data, to investigate male dominance and violence in Africa. To achieve the goals of this research, the study used socialist feminist theory, post-colonial feminist theory, and black feminist theory as the theoretical framework. This combined framework explicates that there is not just one system of oppression at the core of unequal treatment of women by men. Rather, it is a combination of structures related to social class, gender, race, sexuality, culture and society. Feminist critical discourse analysis (FCDA) was employed to analyse the data with the aid of ATLAS.ti software. FCDA was selected as an analytical framework because of its concern for the emancipation of women and social justice with transformation.What prompted the area of concern and the research problem of this study was an awareness of the extensive gender inequality in Nigeria and South Africa, which tends to be rooted in male dominance and violence. As a result, this study contributes to creating awareness of gender inequality, suggesting ways of combating violence against women and female suppression as well as promoting new conceptualisations of masculinity, femininity, and inequality. This research study explored how language use constructed identity, gender, and power relations and how these have reflected male dominance, and violence in Africa in the novels chosen for this study. This study is significant because it did not only analysed the marginalisation and suppression of the female gender but further exposed the strategies that were adopted by women to confront patriarchal oppression and domination as well as the resultant effect on the perpetrators as depicted in the novels for this study. The distinctiveness of this study can be viewed from three different perspectives. Firstly, it is one of the first research works to use FCDA to address the social problems of male dominance and violence. Secondly, it is the first research work which recognises the use of the novel as an essential source of data for FCDA on male dominance and violence. Using the novel as a data source supports the fact that novels are relevant data sources because 5 they often reflect the happenings in society, such as the incidence of gender inequality. Lastly, this project is distinctive because of its ability to combine socialist feminist theory, black feminist theory, post-colonial feminist theory as the theoretical framework and FCDA as the methodological approach. The study is limited to two novels from two African writers because the novels are reflections of the challenges faced by women in Africa and because of the novelists’ unique use of language and the representation of male dominance, violence and female suppression in Africa. The choice to restrict the scope of the study to Africa, selecting Nigeria and South Africa was because, both novels are set in African context and also as a result of the gravity of the identified social and equity issues in Africa. For further research, the study could be extended beyond the African continent to other continents. By so doing, other feminist theories could be used while FCDA could still be used as an analytical framework. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of male dominance and violence between South Africa and Nigeria could also be explored or between Africa and the western world. This study, therefore, explored how language use constructed gender identity and how this reflected male dominance and violence in Africa through the novels, which provided the data for analysis. Following the principles of FCDA, the study sought to create social awareness and to build an understanding of the need not only to resist male dominance and violence but to extend understandings of gender differences with the intention of generating a collective change and transformation in society for gender equality. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

A framework to improve supply chain performance through lead time management in Ugandan public health institutions

  • Authors: Kabagenyi, Dorothy
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Lean manufacturing -- Management , Business logistics -- Uganda , Medical care -- Uganda , Industrial procurement Inventory control
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65633 , vital:74213
  • Description: A well-organised public healthcare supply chain leads to easy accessibility of medical supplies. In order to have healthy populations, it is important for governments to have the required medical supplies in their healthcare facilities at the required time. As such, appropriate lead time management by supply chain actors greatly improves supply chain performance. However, the current public healthcare supply chains in Uganda have challenges that lead to poor quality and inefficient public health supply chain performance. The primary objective of this study was to develop an implementation framework to guide public health institutions in improving supply chain performance through lead time management in Uganda. The study also sought to determine the influence of supply chain optimisation on lead time management. It also sought to examine the influence of supply chain dynamic capabilities on lead time management. The study further examined the influence of supplier performance on lead time management, and sought to examine the influence of lead time management on supply chain performance. The study also sought to assess the mediating effect of lead time management on the relationship between supply chain dynamic capabilities and overall supply chain performance, between supply chain optimisation and overall supply chain performance, as well as between supplier performance and overall supply chain performance. Lastly, the study sought to assess the mediation effect of supply chain optimisation on the relationship between supplier performance and lead time management as well as between supply chain dynamic capabilities and lead time management. A positivist philosophy that allowed quantitative data to be collected from 340 respondents was used in this study. The study used both stratified sampling and simple random sampling without replacement to choose the public healthcare facilities as well as purposive sampling to select the final respondents for the study. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 for factor reduction and dimensional groupings. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis models were performed in the Analysis of Moments of Structure (AMOS Version 27) software for model fit assessments and hypotheses testing, respectively. A multiple regression analysis was performed in SPSS Version 25 software, and was used for comparison and confirmation of the weak and insignificant result obtained for the unsupported hypothesis (H4) in the SEM hypotheses tests. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

A qualitative review on the manner in which psychologists address language barriers in psychological testing with isiXhosa speaking clients.

  • Authors: Fouche, Nicoleen
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: language barriers , isiXhosa , psychological tests,
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62838 , vital:73055
  • Description: A racially segregated culture historically influenced the growth of psychological testing and evaluation in South Africa. Thus, South Africa's multicultural and multilingual community poses difficulties for psychologists in their daily work. Most of the psychological tests used by psychologists are predominantly normed in either or only English/Afrikaans. Given the economic and professional resources required to develop new standardised tests for the broader South African population, the current status quo is set to continue for the foreseeable future. Consequently, language barriers pose a challenge when psychometric standardised tests are administered in a language that is different from that of the client, and as a result, psychologists must develop ways to enhance the fairness of these measures for their client base. The avenue of research that was explored is how psychologists overcome the language boundary when assessing clients who speak an indigenous first language, particularly isiXhosa. As such, this study explored this question through qualitative methods. Through purposive sampling, nine psychologists were invited to share their practical expertise on this topic, using semi-structured online interviews. The findings of this study suggested several core themes providing useful methods for other psychologists facing the same challenge, including the challenges with administering psychological tests with isiXhosa clients, the availability of standardised tests in the South African context, and the importance of determining the client’s language proficiency. Five themes with several sub-themes emerged from the study. The study contributes to the currently limited existing body of knowledge, and subsequently to the research area that this study explores - thus further providing guidelines that practitioners can employ when working with clients who are isiXhosa speaking. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

A study exploring the understanding and interpretations of schizophrenia amongst Zulu Community members, in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal Province

  • Authors: Lephoto, Thabo
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: chizophrenia , traditional healers , cultural belief,
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62859 , vital:73059
  • Description: Mental illness is a global and widespread phenomenon, and its presented symptoms are experienced differently within various contexts. In many contexts, cultural beliefs are noted as influencing the thinking, feeling, and behavior of individuals and groups. Schizophrenia is often associated with a clustering of symptoms, which are often interpreted from within a cultural lens. This is in part, due to the lack of access to mental health facilities, and the limited understanding of psychological processes, but primarily due to cultural belief systems. As such, many individuals rely on indigenous knowledge systems and traditional healing when experiencing psychological symptoms. Within South Africa, the symptoms associated with schizophrenia are understood and treated in accordance with cultural beliefs and it is likely that bewitchment, spirit possession, as well as ancestral callings such as ukuthwasa, etc. will be associated with the symptoms of mental illnesses. The implications that this poses to psychological treatments and interventions are vast and require exploration. This study employed a qualitative methodology, with an exploratory and descriptive design. There were 8 participants (males= 4; females= 4), aged between 26-37 that were recruited for the study by utilizing a purposive sampling strategy, as well as a snowball sampling technique. Thematic analysis was used as a means of data analysis, by following the method by Braun and Clarke. The study applies the principles of ethics with regard to confidentiality and privacy. The findings of the study revealed that participants’ perceptions of schizophrenia were influenced by their culture. Participants of the study suggested that culture is influential in the treatment of those diagnosed with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a hierarchical system in the Zulu Culture and those diagnosed with schizophrenia are placed at the bottom. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Adherence narratives of COVID-19 in KwaNobuhle Township, Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Andries, Siyanda
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Coronavirus Disease--Eastern Cape--South Africa , Vaccination--Eastern Cape, South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63243 , vital:73240
  • Description: The emergence of COVID-19 triggered a global health crisis that not only took many lives but disrupted economies, strained healthcare systems, and impacted social relations globally. KwaNobuhle township in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa falls under the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. This municipality experienced some of South Africa’s highest COVID-19 fatalities, with the lowest levels of testing, active cases and hospitalisation in the country. This study investigates the narratives about COVID-19 prevention measures in KwaNobuhle. Primarily, it seeks to reveal how young and elderly peoples’ perceptions about COVID-19 influenced their compliance with prevention measures such as lockdown, testing and self-admission to hospital when sick. Fifteen residents of KwaNobuhle, who identify as Black people between 18 and 30 years and 50 and 65 years, were recruited as participants in this study. The two groups of study participants were recruited in order to enable an investigation into intergenerational narratives about infectious disease. In this study, Intergenerational narratives encompass stories, beliefs, and cultural traditions that transmit values, historical experiences, and a shared sense of identity, fostering connections between generations. This study provides an historical overview of how communities dealt with previous epidemics in South Africa and analyses how COVID-19 disrupted the lives of people with the preventative measures and changes that were implemented by the government. Social constructivism is a theory that emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural context in shaping individuals' understanding of the world. Social constructivism theory is employed to frame the investigation of narratives of COVID-19 and is based on qualitative data collected through in-depth telephonic individual interviews. The data reveals that participants’ perceptions and narratives of diseases are shaped and influenced by their experiences and knowledge of the same. The findings confirm that the two different age groups of participants have distinct perspectives of COVID-19. Older participants rely on their past experiences of diseases, while younger participants form their understanding through mainstream and social media. This study further examines the inadequacy of healthcare system preparedness in South Africa to adequately address the onset of infectious diseases. Furthermore, this investigation unveils the way preventive measures against COVID-19 imposed inconvenience upon individuals' daily lives and overall lifestyles. These measures included curfews, a limitation on crowd size in public spaces vii such as markets, and the prohibition of alcohol consumption. Individuals who were reliant on the alcohol industry as their primary source of income were adversely affected. African traditional practices were also impacted, as burial custom alterations resulted. Lastly, the study illuminates that the acceptance and uptake of vaccinations was influenced by vaccine hesitancy, with social media serving as a prominent conduit for the proliferation of conspiracy theories in the context of COVID-19. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

An alternative model for the financial sustainability of social services sector NGOs in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Kagande, Albert Tafadzwa
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa , Accounting -- Social aspects , Sustainability
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65644 , vital:74217
  • Description: The work of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) is traditionally deemed “unprofitable”, yet they provide valuable services to communities. With an exponentially growing NGO sector of more than 270 000 NGOs, of which 40% are social service sector NGOs, and an increased demand for NGO services, a decrease in government and donor funding has heightened the debate on the need for financial sustainability of NGOs in South Africa. NGOs are important development actors, and their financial sustainability is crucial as it ensures that the sector continues to be relevant and effective in ensuring that social needs are met. Using a mixed methods sequential explanatory research design, the study focused on the social services sector NGOs in the Eastern Cape with the aim of understanding their financial challenges and strategies being employed to address such and, in the process, develop an alternative model for the financial sustainability of these NGOs. A conceptual framework was developed from six theories which were used to explore the concept of financial sustainability drawing insights from the internal and external environment of the participating NGOs. These theories were used together to emphasise that no one theory could single-handedly and holistically explain the concept of the financial sustainability of social service sector NGOs. The use of multiple theories also came from the realisation that NGOs in South Africa, in general, are struggling to survive owing to a myriad of factors which include increased competition for resources and reduced funding from their traditional source. Furthermore, donor dependency, staff and organisational capacity, management practices and values, and the interplay of an NGO with its stakeholders and environment all have a bearing on financial sustainability. Being the poorest province in South Africa heightens the need for social services in the Eastern Cape. From the study, it was established that 48% of social services sector NGOs depended on government funding while only 16% had the capacity to generate their own income. However, depending on government funding was not sustainable and this was crippling the social services sector. The study also established that “young” NGOs struggled to secure funding when compared to their “mature” counterparts. In addition, staff capacity and the values of an organisation affected income generation and how funds were sourced. Lack of capacity to fundraise and/or implement commercial activities had affected the financial sustainability of the social sector NGOs. The interplay of an NGO and its stakeholders and environment also had a bearing on the financial sustainability of the sector. The study provides a multipronged approach and perspective to financial sustainability. The proposed financial sustainability model challenges social services sector NGOs to consciously reflect on their internal and external environments as well a come up with strategies that positively affect their financial sustainability. From the study, the strategies that were being implemented to realise financially sustainability included, retaining current donors, reaching out to new donors, innovative fundraising approaches, redesigning programme activities to include cost-recovery components, collaborating with other NGOs as well as commercial ventures. This study concludes that social services sector NGOs need all these approaches in addition to improving staff capacity and adopting a culture that enhances organisational performance. There is need to build a system where NGOs are adequately supported to do their work without worrying about income and where well-designed financial sustainability components help NGOs, funders, government and communities identify where change is needed. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

An application of the Mundell Fleming model in emerging market economies

  • Authors: Tenderere, Morris
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Macroeconomics , Foreign exchange rates , International economic relations
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66039 , vital:74319
  • Description: The core objective of this study was to test the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in emerging market economies. Despite its importance, no study has examined the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in emerging market economies, as far as this study is aware. The Mundell-Fleming model predicts that in an environment with freely floating exchange rates, a drop in interest rates will lead to capital flight, which in turn will result in a fall in the exchange rate and a rise in net exports. The model takes into account both the international flow of capital and the flow of goods and services that might have a big impact on the country. The model's theoretical foundations offer practical instruments for assessing the impact of economic policy in light of the adopted exchange rate regimes of a nation. The model plays a key role in anticipating the link between output, interest rates, and exchange rates. A quantitative approach using panel monthly data over the period 2000 to 2017 for five emerging countries was carried out. Brazil, Malaysia, China, India, and South Africa were the considered countries due to availability of data. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) were used to analyse the data. The study confirmed the applicability of the Mundell-Fleming model in the studied countries given a positive relationship between interest rate and portfolio investment. This result means that when interest rates rise, capital flows also increase. In addition, the confirmation of Mundell-Fleming model is reflected in the negative relationship between portfolio investment and the rate of exchange. The Mundell-Fleming model describes how movement of capital and exchange rates behave. The study recommended that to ease the threat of currency appreciation, the Central Banks in merging market economies must ensure that the domestic interest rate is always in line with the world interest rate. This will promote exchange rate stability and whenever there is an appreciation/depreciation the Central Banks must use interest rates to bring back the exchange rate to the desired rate. In emerging market economies, the reserve banks must employ what is referred to as the "sterilization" of capital flows to lessen the threat of currency appreciation. The local component of the monetary base (bank reserves plus currency) is decreased in a successful sterilization operation to counteract the reserve influx, at least temporarily. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

An architecture for feedback-driven learning analytics

  • Authors: Winfield, Philip John
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Educational statistics -- Data processing , Education -- Research -- Statistical methods , Teacher-student relationships
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62744 , vital:72935
  • Description: Feedback from students provides an opportunity to gain insights into students’ learning behaviour and participation in higher education learning and teaching. Academic staff are expected to constantly review and improve the learning and teaching environment where feedback contributes vital information toward pedagogical decision-making. Reviewing student feedback is essential but time-consuming, making it crucial to explore more effective and efficient ways to analyse and present feedback that encourages intervention and support. The general design science research evaluation pattern guided the construction and evaluation of a Feedback-Driven Architecture (FDA) for Learning Analytics (LA) to address this problem. An FDA implementation using a suitable case demonstrated each component validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design. The components identified for inclusion in the FDA were integrated within layers of a three-tiered architecture pattern. The data layer incorporates the collection, preparation and storage of learning management system data which includes free-form narrative student feedback. The application layer contains logic to support the analysis of free-form narrative student feedback and extraction of learning analytics. Arrangement and visualisation of information in the presentation layer aim to promote appropriate intervention and support. Evaluation using a case study showed that the FDA provided necessary guidelines for developing an implementation that produced feedbackdriven learning analytics. Data preparation transformed unstructured data into a suitable representation for effective analysis. Cohorts within narrative feedback responses were identified using the k-means clustering algorithm and latent Dirichlet allocation. Logistic regression and support vector machines were applied as predictive models and trained using extracted quantitative markers to predict academic success. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

An exploration of stakeholder perceptions of the quality of teaching and learning in higher education

  • Authors: Jackson,Linda Grace
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Quality assurance --Education (Higher)-- South Africa , Teaching and learning – Nelson Mandela University , Quality education—South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62464 , vital:72757
  • Description: Quality in higher education is a complex and evolving concept that has been a subject of measurement, assurance and promotion in universities globally for the past three decades. However, its precise definition remains elusive due to its fluid nature, influenced by various contextual factors and stakeholder perspectives. This study explored the concepts of quality teaching and quality learning within the specific context of Nelson Mandela University, focusing on two critical internal stakeholder groups, lecturers and students. By maintaining a constant context, the study sought to gain a deeper understanding of how these stakeholders perceived and contributed to the overall quality of education at the institution. Defining quality in higher education (HE) is important, as it directly impacts on the evaluation processes within educational institutions. Presently, most Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) assess quality using tangible inputs and outputs, resulting in a quantifiable representation of quality. Despite this approach, realistically, the anticipated improvements in the quality of teaching and learning are not apparent, leading to concerns about graduate readiness for the demands of the workforce. This situation raises imperative questions about the quality of teaching and learning within HEIs, necessitating a response to address this issue. This study used the conceptual model Schindler et al. (2015) developed to investigate stakeholder perceptions of quality teaching and quality learning in higher education (HE). The research followed a novel perspective by uncoupling quality in HE from the prevailing neoliberal approach and considering quality in HE within social inclusion interventions (Gidley et al., 2010a) already in place in HE settings. The research methodology expanded on social inclusion theory and employed a qualitative, participative and visual approach adapted from Mmogo-method®, an indigenous method. The research design fostered active participation from the participants, who assumed the role of co-researchers. Participants constructed their answers to the research question using unstructured materials, subsequently sharing, explaining, and interpreting their viewpoints within the group setting. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, School of teaching and learning, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Analysis of export performance and its determinants in Uganda

  • Authors: Mugambe, Kenneth
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Economics -- Uganda , Shipping -- Economic aspects -- Uganda , Exports -- Uganda
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/65841 , vital:74273
  • Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether variations in the factor endowments, endo-genous factors and governance factors can explain the growth rates in export performance in Uga-nda. The study was guided by the objectives, which included examining the effect of factor endowments on export performance in Uganda, examining the effect of endogenous factors on export performance in Uganda and examining the effect of governance factors on Uganda’s export performance. From the theoretical review, the study benchmarks the growth frameworks of neo-classical theory, endogenous growth theory and institutionalist growth theory, which guided the formulation of the empirical growth models. The study followed a longitudinal research design with time series analysis. A longitudinal design was selected for this study to examine the determinants of exporting in Uganda from 1996 to 2021. The estimation was achieved by imple-menting the first instrumental variable generalised method moments (1V-GMM) on a linear dy-namic panel model through the specific-to-general modelling technique. Among the factors moti-vated by the neo-classical theory paradigm, estimates from this study indicate that foreign direct investment has a positive influence on Uganda’s export performance positively. At the same time, gross capital formation significantly reduces the growth of exports. On the other hand, labour force (in the final model) does not influence changes in export performance since it is insignificant. Among the endogenous growth factors, estimates show that higher exchange rates and inflation have a significant negative effect on Uganda’s export performance. Estimates indicate further that among the governance factors, control of corruption has no effect on Uganda’s export performance. On the other hand, government effectiveness (which also serves as regulatory quality) has a significant negative effect on export performance in that government efforts to im-prove its efficacy affect export performance negatively. So the study shows that variations in Uga-nda’s export performance can partially be explained by the neo-classical trade theory and the endogenous growth model with little influence from the institutional growth model, suggesting the incompleteness of the growth frameworks adopted in assessing the sources of export performance in Uganda. The regression results from Model 3 indicate that all the independent variables explain 77.21% (R Square = .7721) of the variations in export performance, implying that the remaining 22.79% explains other factors not considered in this study. In conclusion, factor endowments play a crucial role in driving Uganda’s export performance. Foreign direct investment consistently influences exports, underscoring the role of capital, technology and international market access in enhancing export competitiveness. However, the negative co-efficient for gross capital formation raises concerns about potential trade-offs between domestic investment and export promotion. In addition, the positive co-efficient for real effective exchange rate (REER) in Model 2 suggests that a favourable exchange rate enhances export competitiveness. This highlights the importance of exchange rate policies that promote stability and competitiveness. However, the mixed and marginal significance of REER in Model 3 indicates the presence of other factors influencing the relationship, emphasising the need for a comprehensive analysis of exchange rate dynamics. The negative co-efficients for inflation across the models imply that higher inflation rates may hinder export performance, emphasising the importance of maintaining price stability to preserve export competitiveness. Based on the results of the analysis, a number of policy recommendations for Uganda can be made. The country should prioritise export promotion initiatives as supported by the positive and significant influence of previous export performance and foreign direct investment on exports. The government could implement targeted policies and programmes to support export-oriented industries, provide incentives for export activities and facilitate market access for Ugandan goods and services. Uganda could attract more investments and stimulate export growth by fostering a conducive environment for exporters. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12

Arts-based participatory research for more equitable ocean governance in South Africa

  • Authors: Strand, Mia
  • Date: 2023-12
  • Subjects: Marine resources conservation , Marine resources development , Law of the sea
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66017 , vital:74307
  • Description: This research explored the usefulness of arts-based participatory research (ABPR) in identifying more equitable ocean governance in South Africa. Co-developing the ABPR with Indigenous and local knowledge holders as co-researchers, the research expanded on opportunities to inform more equitable marine spatial planning (MSP) and marine protected areas (MPAs) processes. Working with 24 co-researchers in Algoa Bay (Eastern Cape) and 24 co-researchers in Mandeni (KwaZulu-Natal) for over two years, the thesis formulated and contextually adapted an approach incorporating photovoice and digital storytelling for co-researchers to share their ocean knowledges, priorities and stories. As people hold various priorities, interests and knowledges of the ocean, these knowledges shape how people interact with the ocean and coast. Despite a multitude of interconnected and complex ocean knowledges (pluriversality), a growing body of literature describes the exclusionary, top-down and inequitable nature of area-based ocean management in South Africa, which do not recognise Indigenous and local knowledge systems (ILKS). The research was conceptualised as a response to these realities, and the ABPR processes were developed with knowledge holders who felt excluded from current ocean governance approaches. Working within a broader theoretical framework of social and environmental justice, the research drew on contextually relevant literature and theoretical paradigms such as social sustainability, social-ecological systems, decolonial and postcolonial theory, social learning, transdisciplinary knowledge co-production and arts-based research. The ABPR methods were carefully crafted together with co-researchers, and photovoice experts assisted with cross-learning workshops. The ABPR included in situ photography and storytelling processes to ensure co-researchers could convey embodied, daily lived experiences or re-imagined connections with the ocean and coast. Embracing and reclaiming world-making through processes of participatory community mapping, the ABPR also facilitated collaborative analysis of co-researchers’ relationships and interactions with the ocean in light of current MSP and MPA processes. The final photostories from the ABPR processes were shared by the co-researchers at two multimedia exhibitions and two multi-stakeholder workshops that brought together relevant government representatives, coastal managers, conservation authorities, scientists and local community members. The results from the ABPR processes provided a number of novel and significant insights into ocean knowledges, connections and priorities that are currently not recognised in ocean governance processes in South Africa. Specifically, the ABPR proved useful in highlighting strong spiritual and traditional connections to the ocean and facilitating direct engagements and social learning processes between various ocean priorities to start bridging the gap between ILKS, marine science and ocean decision-making. Furthermore, the ABPR was valuable in mapping sociocultural priorities and interactions with the ocean, which could inform more inclusive and equitable MSP and MPAs processes. The ABPR surfaced opportunities for cognitive justice, where ILKS holders could own the knowledge production process, and identify opportunities for greater co-management in ocean decision-making. The insights from the research are relevant for several disciplines, research practices, and ocean governance processes. In summary, the ABPR process was useful to identify practical approaches and pathways necessary for embracing and working with the complexity of social-ecological marine systems and the plurality of ocean knowledges for more equitable ocean futures. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2023
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  • Date Issued: 2023-12
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