Morphometric variation, heavy metal analysis and temperature effects on body weight and stoichiometric ratios (C:N:P) of cerithidea decollata along the Wild Coast, South Africa
- Authors: Fiki, Sinoxolo
- Date: 2023-07
- Subjects: Zoology
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9388 , vital:73512
- Description: The truncated snail, C e rit hid e a d e c olla t a , is one of the major invertebrates in mangrove ecosystems. It’s the rapid ecophysiological response to environmental stress conditions makes C. decollata an ideal species to test the effects of climate change in mangrove ecosystems. Increased temperatures, due to climate change, is one of the major threats faced by aquatic invertebrates as thermal stress may easily lead to death. This study, thus, compared the effects of 1) environmental conditions on the morphology; 2) temperature on body weight and stoichiometry as well as 3) the heavy metal content of C. decollata across three mangrove ecosystems. Morphometry results revealed that sites significantly influenced most of the shell morphological variables (i.e., shell length, shell width, spire height and aperture width). However, sites did not significantly influence the shell depth and aperture length of C. decollata . Temperature effects on body weight revealed that C. decollata individuals gained weight at low temperatures (10 to 20 °C) in all sites. As a result, the mean % weight gain of 6.75 ± 0.11 in Mngazana, 15.82 ± 0.13 in Mbhashe and 11.2 ± 0.13 in Nqabara. Contrary, C. decollata lost weight at temperatures between 25 and 40 °C across all sites leading to a mean % weight loss of 9.51 ± 0.05 in Mngazana; 14.52 ± 0.16 in Mbhashe and 25.74 ± 0.12 in Nqabara. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that soft tissues had higher nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous than the shells. The NP ratio was higher in soft tissues than in shells while CN and CP ratios were higher in shells than in soft tissues. The N, C, P, CN, CP and NP were lowest in Mngazana and highest in Nqabara. Temperature increases resulted in increased nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon and their stoichiometric CN, CP and NP ratios. Heavy metal results showed that Zn, Cu and Cd were highest in the soft tissue than in the shells and sediment. Contrarily, Fe and Pb were higher in the sediment than in shells and soft tissues. The Cu+Zn was highest in the shells than in the soft tissues and sediment. However, arsenic concentrations were below detection levels across all sites. Overall, no significant site differences were detected for heavy metals. It was, therefore, concluded that sites influenced some of C. decollata morphological features while temperature affected the body weight and stoichiometry of C. decollata . , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
- Authors: Fiki, Sinoxolo
- Date: 2023-07
- Subjects: Zoology
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9388 , vital:73512
- Description: The truncated snail, C e rit hid e a d e c olla t a , is one of the major invertebrates in mangrove ecosystems. It’s the rapid ecophysiological response to environmental stress conditions makes C. decollata an ideal species to test the effects of climate change in mangrove ecosystems. Increased temperatures, due to climate change, is one of the major threats faced by aquatic invertebrates as thermal stress may easily lead to death. This study, thus, compared the effects of 1) environmental conditions on the morphology; 2) temperature on body weight and stoichiometry as well as 3) the heavy metal content of C. decollata across three mangrove ecosystems. Morphometry results revealed that sites significantly influenced most of the shell morphological variables (i.e., shell length, shell width, spire height and aperture width). However, sites did not significantly influence the shell depth and aperture length of C. decollata . Temperature effects on body weight revealed that C. decollata individuals gained weight at low temperatures (10 to 20 °C) in all sites. As a result, the mean % weight gain of 6.75 ± 0.11 in Mngazana, 15.82 ± 0.13 in Mbhashe and 11.2 ± 0.13 in Nqabara. Contrary, C. decollata lost weight at temperatures between 25 and 40 °C across all sites leading to a mean % weight loss of 9.51 ± 0.05 in Mngazana; 14.52 ± 0.16 in Mbhashe and 25.74 ± 0.12 in Nqabara. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that soft tissues had higher nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous than the shells. The NP ratio was higher in soft tissues than in shells while CN and CP ratios were higher in shells than in soft tissues. The N, C, P, CN, CP and NP were lowest in Mngazana and highest in Nqabara. Temperature increases resulted in increased nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon and their stoichiometric CN, CP and NP ratios. Heavy metal results showed that Zn, Cu and Cd were highest in the soft tissue than in the shells and sediment. Contrarily, Fe and Pb were higher in the sediment than in shells and soft tissues. The Cu+Zn was highest in the shells than in the soft tissues and sediment. However, arsenic concentrations were below detection levels across all sites. Overall, no significant site differences were detected for heavy metals. It was, therefore, concluded that sites influenced some of C. decollata morphological features while temperature affected the body weight and stoichiometry of C. decollata . , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
The moderation and mediation influence of dynamic capabilities and decision-making dimensions on South African family business performance
- Pike-Bowles, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-0455
- Authors: Pike-Bowles, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-0455
- Date: 2023-07
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa -- Decision making , Family-owned business enterprises -- Succession -- South Africa , Management information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28684 , vital:74499
- Description: Family businesses are fundamental for any world economy where they contribute significantly to economic prosperity. However, family firms are faced with new obstacles that are directly affecting their business performance due to the current economic uncertainties and the rapidly changing environments. The implementation of dynamic capabilities is a fundamental strategic tool family firms can exercise to improve their competitive advantage. Although family business research has proliferated over the last 10 years, there are few studies in South Africa investigating the extent to which dynamic capabilities influence family business performance. This study, therefore, had a primary objective to investigate the determinants of family business performance and the role that dynamic capabilities play as mediators and moderators. Studying such a research theme has not received sufficient attention within the family business field, which emphasises the need for such a topic to be investigated. The independent variables for the study entailed dynamic capabilities and decision-making constructs while the dependent variable comprised family business performance. Consequently, the mediating variables included strategic foresight, strategic flexibility, and strategic creativity while the moderating variables included strategic creativity and strategic flexibility. This investigation followed a quantitative methodological logic by employing the questionnaire as the research instrument. In total, 347 family business managers and owners from the eight districts of the Eastern Cape participated in the study. The family businesses were accessed through a convenience sampling technique to identify if their business suited the inclusion criteria of the study. Data analysis was executed through SPSS where the moderation-mediation analysis followed the Hayes process macro through multiple regression analysis. The research findings revealed that there is both a significant positive and mediation relationship between the dynamic capabilities constructs entailing environmental scanning, scenario planning, knowledge creation, culture, and formal organisation with the decision-making constructs of strategic foresight, flexibility, and creativity with family business performance. Interestingly, a moderation relationship does not exist between these constructs and the strategic foresight of the family firm. However, a moderation relationship does exist between the dynamic capabilities constructs of knowledge creation and culture and strategic foresight when moderated by strategic creativity. Thus, family business performance is positively influenced by the said dynamic capabilities and decision-making constructs. The results ultimately provided implications for family businesses with practical advice on the successful implementation and monitoring of dynamic capabilities and decisionmaking in the family business. Lastly, this study makes recommendations for family and non-family business owners, government, and academics. These recommendations entail family businesses implementing a lucrative dynamic capability model to improve family business performance in the context of South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
- Authors: Pike-Bowles, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-0455
- Date: 2023-07
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa -- Decision making , Family-owned business enterprises -- Succession -- South Africa , Management information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28684 , vital:74499
- Description: Family businesses are fundamental for any world economy where they contribute significantly to economic prosperity. However, family firms are faced with new obstacles that are directly affecting their business performance due to the current economic uncertainties and the rapidly changing environments. The implementation of dynamic capabilities is a fundamental strategic tool family firms can exercise to improve their competitive advantage. Although family business research has proliferated over the last 10 years, there are few studies in South Africa investigating the extent to which dynamic capabilities influence family business performance. This study, therefore, had a primary objective to investigate the determinants of family business performance and the role that dynamic capabilities play as mediators and moderators. Studying such a research theme has not received sufficient attention within the family business field, which emphasises the need for such a topic to be investigated. The independent variables for the study entailed dynamic capabilities and decision-making constructs while the dependent variable comprised family business performance. Consequently, the mediating variables included strategic foresight, strategic flexibility, and strategic creativity while the moderating variables included strategic creativity and strategic flexibility. This investigation followed a quantitative methodological logic by employing the questionnaire as the research instrument. In total, 347 family business managers and owners from the eight districts of the Eastern Cape participated in the study. The family businesses were accessed through a convenience sampling technique to identify if their business suited the inclusion criteria of the study. Data analysis was executed through SPSS where the moderation-mediation analysis followed the Hayes process macro through multiple regression analysis. The research findings revealed that there is both a significant positive and mediation relationship between the dynamic capabilities constructs entailing environmental scanning, scenario planning, knowledge creation, culture, and formal organisation with the decision-making constructs of strategic foresight, flexibility, and creativity with family business performance. Interestingly, a moderation relationship does not exist between these constructs and the strategic foresight of the family firm. However, a moderation relationship does exist between the dynamic capabilities constructs of knowledge creation and culture and strategic foresight when moderated by strategic creativity. Thus, family business performance is positively influenced by the said dynamic capabilities and decision-making constructs. The results ultimately provided implications for family businesses with practical advice on the successful implementation and monitoring of dynamic capabilities and decisionmaking in the family business. Lastly, this study makes recommendations for family and non-family business owners, government, and academics. These recommendations entail family businesses implementing a lucrative dynamic capability model to improve family business performance in the context of South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
A framework for understanding the role of culture and the transmission of women entrepreneurship promotion in South Africa
- Karasi, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-281X
- Authors: Karasi, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-281X
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Women in economic development -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28569 , vital:74421
- Description: Developing countries are increasingly recognising the need for promoting women entrepreneurship. Within Africa, women’s contribution tends to be ignored. Thus, gender discrimination, the lack of finance, limited education, limited technical skills, role conflicts, and culture are among the most cited barriers for women entrepreneurship. Recent literature challenges the notion that all aforementioned factors are barriers to entrepreneurial action. To contribute to knowledge, this study sensitises the culture element. Accordingly, there is a growing body of knowledge that is viewing culture as an enabler (and not a barrier) of women entrepreneurship. Two factors are at the core of this argument: (1) culture, as it is understood, in the contemporary literature is not appropriately conceptualised from an African perspective. (2) The definition of entrepreneurship as it relates to the developing countries is restrictive. These definitions ignore various economic activities undertaken mostly by women, which if carefully considered are indeed entrepreneurship. Therefore, it was appropriate for this thesis to explore the issues of both culture and entrepreneurship within the existing body of literature with the intention of gaining a knowledge of the dynamics of women's entrepreneurship in Africa. The scant research that has been done on the entrepreneurial dynamics of women and, in particular, how culture influences the latter, was recognized as a lacuna in the existing body of literature. Consequently, this study considered cultural determinants of entrepreneurship as well as the transmission of entrepreneurship across generations. The thesis was undertaken using a qualitative methodology. Using snowballing sampling technique, female entrepreneurs from 3 provinces (i.e., Gauteng, Limpopo, and Eastern Cape) in South Africa participated in the study. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed, among others, that there is a misconception on what constitutes “true African culture.” Thus, results suggest that the conceptualisation of culture in the African context, contrasts the conceptualisation in previous (non-African) literature. Furthermore, some elements of culture are indeed barriers. Interestingly, personal factors such as characteristics of women entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial intentions have also contributed to the barriers to women entrepreneurship. Finally, the study proposes a framework for leveraging culture to be an entrepreneurial enabler for women entrepreneurship. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
- Authors: Karasi, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-281X
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Women in economic development -- South Africa , Businesswomen -- South Africa , Women-owned business enterprises -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28569 , vital:74421
- Description: Developing countries are increasingly recognising the need for promoting women entrepreneurship. Within Africa, women’s contribution tends to be ignored. Thus, gender discrimination, the lack of finance, limited education, limited technical skills, role conflicts, and culture are among the most cited barriers for women entrepreneurship. Recent literature challenges the notion that all aforementioned factors are barriers to entrepreneurial action. To contribute to knowledge, this study sensitises the culture element. Accordingly, there is a growing body of knowledge that is viewing culture as an enabler (and not a barrier) of women entrepreneurship. Two factors are at the core of this argument: (1) culture, as it is understood, in the contemporary literature is not appropriately conceptualised from an African perspective. (2) The definition of entrepreneurship as it relates to the developing countries is restrictive. These definitions ignore various economic activities undertaken mostly by women, which if carefully considered are indeed entrepreneurship. Therefore, it was appropriate for this thesis to explore the issues of both culture and entrepreneurship within the existing body of literature with the intention of gaining a knowledge of the dynamics of women's entrepreneurship in Africa. The scant research that has been done on the entrepreneurial dynamics of women and, in particular, how culture influences the latter, was recognized as a lacuna in the existing body of literature. Consequently, this study considered cultural determinants of entrepreneurship as well as the transmission of entrepreneurship across generations. The thesis was undertaken using a qualitative methodology. Using snowballing sampling technique, female entrepreneurs from 3 provinces (i.e., Gauteng, Limpopo, and Eastern Cape) in South Africa participated in the study. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed, among others, that there is a misconception on what constitutes “true African culture.” Thus, results suggest that the conceptualisation of culture in the African context, contrasts the conceptualisation in previous (non-African) literature. Furthermore, some elements of culture are indeed barriers. Interestingly, personal factors such as characteristics of women entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial intentions have also contributed to the barriers to women entrepreneurship. Finally, the study proposes a framework for leveraging culture to be an entrepreneurial enabler for women entrepreneurship. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
Foreign direct investment, institutions and economic growth in the selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries
- Authors: Onceya, Siyabulela
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign -- Africa, Southern , Southern African Development Community -- Economic conditions , Economic development -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28672 , vital:74497
- Description: Examining the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) has been a subject of discussion for many researchers, economists, and policy analysts mainly in developing regions. It is important to note that, recent literature highlights that there are other country-specific conditions such as state of institutions which are important in attracting FDI inflows into a country. Given this, the study analysed the relationship between FDI, institutions and economic growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) for the period 1990- 2020. The analysis was carried out at both cross- country (2010 to 2018) and individual country level (1990 to 2018). The main objectives of the study were to review the trends of FDI inflow into the region, institutional framework, and trends economic growth in the region as well as member countries. Secondly, to analyse the impact of FDI inflow and institutions on economic growth in the selected SADC countries. Thirdly, to examine how institutions and other factors determine the amount of FDI inflow to the selected SADC countries an provide policy recommendations. Existing literature has documented the relationship between FDI and economic growth. However, the significance of this study is that it provides an analysis of the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth in the SADC region at both cross-country and country specific level. At cross- country level, the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) was utilized as the estimation technique. The empirical results revealed that there exists a positive relationship between FDI and economic growth both in the short run and long run. The results also revealed that institutions in combination with financial sector development have a positive effect on economic growth in the SADC region. This gives support to the complimentary view of the importance of institutions and financial sector development as important factors determining the extent to which FDI influences economic growth. Guided by economic theory which suggests that there is a two-way relationship between FDI and economic growth, granger causality tests were performed to check the direction of effect between the two variables. The empirical results revealed that there is a bi-directional relationship between FDI, institutions and economic growth. This in a way suggest that the past values of each of the variables, explains the current values of the other variables. On the other hand, at country level, utilising the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model, empirical results revealed that the effects of FDI and institutions on economic growth is positive and significant. However, this was not found to be the case for Mauritius and Namibia. Given the significant role played by FDI in promoting economic growth, the study also investigated the factors determining the inflow of FDI into the SADC region focusing on the role played by institutions and other factors utilising GMM technique. The empirical results revealed that, in addition to institutions, financial development, infrastructure, and education also play an important role in determining the inflow of FDI into these countries. To a greater extent the same findings were also established at country level. Of great importance the study recommends that at a country level, countries should develop and adopt policies that strengthen good governance and sound institutions. These policies must be implemented and monitored to attract more FDI both in the short-run and long-run. , Thesis (DCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
- Authors: Onceya, Siyabulela
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Investments, Foreign -- Africa, Southern , Southern African Development Community -- Economic conditions , Economic development -- Africa, Southern
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28672 , vital:74497
- Description: Examining the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) has been a subject of discussion for many researchers, economists, and policy analysts mainly in developing regions. It is important to note that, recent literature highlights that there are other country-specific conditions such as state of institutions which are important in attracting FDI inflows into a country. Given this, the study analysed the relationship between FDI, institutions and economic growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) for the period 1990- 2020. The analysis was carried out at both cross- country (2010 to 2018) and individual country level (1990 to 2018). The main objectives of the study were to review the trends of FDI inflow into the region, institutional framework, and trends economic growth in the region as well as member countries. Secondly, to analyse the impact of FDI inflow and institutions on economic growth in the selected SADC countries. Thirdly, to examine how institutions and other factors determine the amount of FDI inflow to the selected SADC countries an provide policy recommendations. Existing literature has documented the relationship between FDI and economic growth. However, the significance of this study is that it provides an analysis of the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth in the SADC region at both cross-country and country specific level. At cross- country level, the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) was utilized as the estimation technique. The empirical results revealed that there exists a positive relationship between FDI and economic growth both in the short run and long run. The results also revealed that institutions in combination with financial sector development have a positive effect on economic growth in the SADC region. This gives support to the complimentary view of the importance of institutions and financial sector development as important factors determining the extent to which FDI influences economic growth. Guided by economic theory which suggests that there is a two-way relationship between FDI and economic growth, granger causality tests were performed to check the direction of effect between the two variables. The empirical results revealed that there is a bi-directional relationship between FDI, institutions and economic growth. This in a way suggest that the past values of each of the variables, explains the current values of the other variables. On the other hand, at country level, utilising the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model, empirical results revealed that the effects of FDI and institutions on economic growth is positive and significant. However, this was not found to be the case for Mauritius and Namibia. Given the significant role played by FDI in promoting economic growth, the study also investigated the factors determining the inflow of FDI into the SADC region focusing on the role played by institutions and other factors utilising GMM technique. The empirical results revealed that, in addition to institutions, financial development, infrastructure, and education also play an important role in determining the inflow of FDI into these countries. To a greater extent the same findings were also established at country level. Of great importance the study recommends that at a country level, countries should develop and adopt policies that strengthen good governance and sound institutions. These policies must be implemented and monitored to attract more FDI both in the short-run and long-run. , Thesis (DCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
Implementation of grade progression policy and its implications for progressed grade 12 learners’ identities
- Authors: Mdingi, Khayalethu Chris
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Grade repetition , Education -- Standards
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28524 , vital:74380
- Description: The aim of progressing learners is to allow them to move with their age cohort, thereby boosting their motivation levels. It is believed that this would encourage these learners to study hard and produce good academic results. The Grade Progression Policy also assumes that the dropout rate caused by learners’ academic underperformance would be reduced. Despite the existence of the Grade Progression Policy, it seems that there is still high failure and dropout rates among progressed Grade 12 learners in the Eastern Cape Province. This qualitative case study was premised on the interpretivist paradigm and explored the implementation of the Grade Progression Policy and its implications on progressed Grade 12 learners’ identities. Twelve teachers (four principals, four Departmental Heads, four Post Level One teachers), and four learners were purposively selected in four secondary schools in the Amathole East Education District. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. The data was analysed by means of thematic approach. The data showed that the implementation of Grade Progression Policy brought about learner-teacher adversarial relations. Findings also showed that teachers had a negative attitude to the Grade Progression Policy and were unwilling to adapt to change. They had low morale and blamed the Department of Education for not giving them support. With regards to the implications of grade progression on Grade 12 learners’ identities, it emerged from the data that these learners were negatively affected by the implementation of this policy as their self-esteem was reportedly low. They felt stigmatized and regarded themselves as learners who could not achieve academically. Although most of the selected learners reported that it enhanced their motivation levels, it also transpired from the data that progressed Grade 12 learners were not achieving academically and were inadequately given support by the teachers. The study concluded therefore that the policy did not sufficiently address the intention of the DoE in terms of improving learners’ academic performance and enhancement of learners’ psychosocial identities. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
- Authors: Mdingi, Khayalethu Chris
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Grade repetition , Education -- Standards
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28524 , vital:74380
- Description: The aim of progressing learners is to allow them to move with their age cohort, thereby boosting their motivation levels. It is believed that this would encourage these learners to study hard and produce good academic results. The Grade Progression Policy also assumes that the dropout rate caused by learners’ academic underperformance would be reduced. Despite the existence of the Grade Progression Policy, it seems that there is still high failure and dropout rates among progressed Grade 12 learners in the Eastern Cape Province. This qualitative case study was premised on the interpretivist paradigm and explored the implementation of the Grade Progression Policy and its implications on progressed Grade 12 learners’ identities. Twelve teachers (four principals, four Departmental Heads, four Post Level One teachers), and four learners were purposively selected in four secondary schools in the Amathole East Education District. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. The data was analysed by means of thematic approach. The data showed that the implementation of Grade Progression Policy brought about learner-teacher adversarial relations. Findings also showed that teachers had a negative attitude to the Grade Progression Policy and were unwilling to adapt to change. They had low morale and blamed the Department of Education for not giving them support. With regards to the implications of grade progression on Grade 12 learners’ identities, it emerged from the data that these learners were negatively affected by the implementation of this policy as their self-esteem was reportedly low. They felt stigmatized and regarded themselves as learners who could not achieve academically. Although most of the selected learners reported that it enhanced their motivation levels, it also transpired from the data that progressed Grade 12 learners were not achieving academically and were inadequately given support by the teachers. The study concluded therefore that the policy did not sufficiently address the intention of the DoE in terms of improving learners’ academic performance and enhancement of learners’ psychosocial identities. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
Knowledge, awareness, and molecular epidemiology of fasciolosis in dairy cattle slaughtered in three commercial abattoirs in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Mpisana, Zuko
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Farm management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy cattle -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fascioliasis
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28173 , vital:73792
- Description: Flukes and snail-borne diseases present significant challenges to livestock production, particularly impacting the dairy industry in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Despite the challenges faced by the dairy sector, the level of knowledge and awareness among dairy farm personnel regarding the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis is unknown in Eastern Cape Province. Additionally, the genomic sequence of Fasciola spp. in dairy cattle slaughtered under abattoir conditions remains undisclosed. The primary objective of the titled study is to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and molecular epidemiology of fasciolosis in dairy cattle slaughtered in three commercial abattoirs in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A structured questionnaire was prepared and randomly administered to 152 dairy farm personnel to investigate the knowledge and awareness of the aetiology, risk factors, and clinical signs of bovine fasciolosis among dairy farm personnel in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A higher proportion of respondents from coastal regions were knowledgeable about the aetiology P equals 0.001 and the intermediate host P equals 0.000 of fasciolosis than those from the inland farms. A higher proportion of dairy farm personnel were not knowledgeable about the clinical signs of fasciolosis P equals 0.000 and the zoonotic potential P equals 0.001 of the disease. All farm personnel knew that season P 0.001 is a risk factor associated with snail-borne disease and occur throughout the year. However, the majority 63.2 percent of farm personnel agreed that fasciolosis was more prevalent in the summer followed by spring 27.6 percent, autumn 4.7 percent and winter 4.7 percent. Experiment 2 examined the body condition scores, fluke intensity, liver pathology, and carcass quality of various dairy cattle genotypes affected by Fasciola spp. infection, within three high-capacity abattoirs located in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Milder infections were significantly noted to occur at a higher rate P 0.05 in Cross-bred cattle 46.9 percent followed by Holstein Friesian 39.5 percent and Jersey 30.9 percent cattle. Conversely, moderate infections were more prevalent P 0.05 among Jersey cattle 28.0 percent followed by Holstein Friesian 15.4 percent and Cross bred 1.9 percent cattle. Severe infections were more frequent P 0.05 in Holstein-Friesian 45.1 percent, followed by Jersey 41.9 percent and then Cross-bred 31.7 percent cattle. Heavy infections were observed in cattle with poor body condition scores in CA3. Mild infections were observed more in cattle with moderate body condition scores in CA3 and CA1 and less in CA2. Chapter 5 compared the detection rate of Fasciola infections using four different methods real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction qPCR faecal sedimentation, antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Ab ELISA and post-mortem liver examination among naturally infected cattle slaughtered at the abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 145 slaughter cattle were screened for Fasciola infestation by liver examination, and corresponding samples from individual animals were analysed in the laboratory using Ab ELISA faecal sedimentation, and qPCR. The detection rate by liver inspection gold standard was significantly P 0.0001 higher than that by sedimentation and Ab ELISA but not significantly P 0.05 different from that by qPCR P equals 0.198. Post-mortem liver examination 94.5 percent and qPCR 90.4 percent had higher detection rate compared to Ab ELISA 22.6 percent and sedimentation 3.53 percent, respectively. The agreement between Ab ELISA and sedimentation was poor to slight kappa equals to minus 0.09 and with qPCR it was 0.008. The fourth experiment investigated genomic sequence of Fasciola spp. from faecal sample of slaughtered dairy cattle in Eastern Cape Province South Africa. Sequential and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to detect the presence of Fasciola spp. from the faecal samples obtained at the high throughput abattoirs. Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica ITS 2 sequences were obtained by amplifying the 364 bp and 300 bp genes, respectively using species specific conventional PCR assays followed by cloning and sequencing. The phylogenetic tree revealed the presence of Fasciola hepatica as the only aetiological agent infecting dairy cattle in the Eastern Cape Province South Africa. The study concluded that dairy farm personnel lacks knowledge about zoonotic potentials, aetiological agents of fasciolosis high fluke intensity and its impact on carcasses sensitivity and suitability of detection methods. The study observed Fasciola hepatica as the only trematode spp. present in Eastern Cape Province South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
- Authors: Mpisana, Zuko
- Date: 2023-06
- Subjects: Farm management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy cattle -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Fascioliasis
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28173 , vital:73792
- Description: Flukes and snail-borne diseases present significant challenges to livestock production, particularly impacting the dairy industry in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Despite the challenges faced by the dairy sector, the level of knowledge and awareness among dairy farm personnel regarding the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis is unknown in Eastern Cape Province. Additionally, the genomic sequence of Fasciola spp. in dairy cattle slaughtered under abattoir conditions remains undisclosed. The primary objective of the titled study is to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and molecular epidemiology of fasciolosis in dairy cattle slaughtered in three commercial abattoirs in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A structured questionnaire was prepared and randomly administered to 152 dairy farm personnel to investigate the knowledge and awareness of the aetiology, risk factors, and clinical signs of bovine fasciolosis among dairy farm personnel in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A higher proportion of respondents from coastal regions were knowledgeable about the aetiology P equals 0.001 and the intermediate host P equals 0.000 of fasciolosis than those from the inland farms. A higher proportion of dairy farm personnel were not knowledgeable about the clinical signs of fasciolosis P equals 0.000 and the zoonotic potential P equals 0.001 of the disease. All farm personnel knew that season P 0.001 is a risk factor associated with snail-borne disease and occur throughout the year. However, the majority 63.2 percent of farm personnel agreed that fasciolosis was more prevalent in the summer followed by spring 27.6 percent, autumn 4.7 percent and winter 4.7 percent. Experiment 2 examined the body condition scores, fluke intensity, liver pathology, and carcass quality of various dairy cattle genotypes affected by Fasciola spp. infection, within three high-capacity abattoirs located in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Milder infections were significantly noted to occur at a higher rate P 0.05 in Cross-bred cattle 46.9 percent followed by Holstein Friesian 39.5 percent and Jersey 30.9 percent cattle. Conversely, moderate infections were more prevalent P 0.05 among Jersey cattle 28.0 percent followed by Holstein Friesian 15.4 percent and Cross bred 1.9 percent cattle. Severe infections were more frequent P 0.05 in Holstein-Friesian 45.1 percent, followed by Jersey 41.9 percent and then Cross-bred 31.7 percent cattle. Heavy infections were observed in cattle with poor body condition scores in CA3. Mild infections were observed more in cattle with moderate body condition scores in CA3 and CA1 and less in CA2. Chapter 5 compared the detection rate of Fasciola infections using four different methods real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction qPCR faecal sedimentation, antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Ab ELISA and post-mortem liver examination among naturally infected cattle slaughtered at the abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 145 slaughter cattle were screened for Fasciola infestation by liver examination, and corresponding samples from individual animals were analysed in the laboratory using Ab ELISA faecal sedimentation, and qPCR. The detection rate by liver inspection gold standard was significantly P 0.0001 higher than that by sedimentation and Ab ELISA but not significantly P 0.05 different from that by qPCR P equals 0.198. Post-mortem liver examination 94.5 percent and qPCR 90.4 percent had higher detection rate compared to Ab ELISA 22.6 percent and sedimentation 3.53 percent, respectively. The agreement between Ab ELISA and sedimentation was poor to slight kappa equals to minus 0.09 and with qPCR it was 0.008. The fourth experiment investigated genomic sequence of Fasciola spp. from faecal sample of slaughtered dairy cattle in Eastern Cape Province South Africa. Sequential and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to detect the presence of Fasciola spp. from the faecal samples obtained at the high throughput abattoirs. Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica ITS 2 sequences were obtained by amplifying the 364 bp and 300 bp genes, respectively using species specific conventional PCR assays followed by cloning and sequencing. The phylogenetic tree revealed the presence of Fasciola hepatica as the only aetiological agent infecting dairy cattle in the Eastern Cape Province South Africa. The study concluded that dairy farm personnel lacks knowledge about zoonotic potentials, aetiological agents of fasciolosis high fluke intensity and its impact on carcasses sensitivity and suitability of detection methods. The study observed Fasciola hepatica as the only trematode spp. present in Eastern Cape Province South Africa. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-06
Effect of Nitrogen application , leaf age, and drying method on growth, yield and quality of sweet potato
- Joko, Lungisa Banathi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-7146
- Authors: Joko, Lungisa Banathi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-7146
- Date: 2023-05
- Subjects: Nitrogen in agriculture , Sweet potato leaves , Sweet potatoes -- Harvesting
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28244 , vital:73957
- Description: Root crops, such as sweet potatoes, are important sources of carbohydrates in the pacific region where soils are generally of inferior quality. Sweet potato leaves are said to be more nutritious when compared with storage roots, therefore can be used as a source of nutrition by human beings. Sweet potatoes like other vegetables are perishable and therefore they need to be processed in order to increase storage life. The shelf life of perishable vegetables can be increased by the use of drying methods. This brings an opportunity area for research to realize the full potential of sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes can be developed as a sustainable crop for diverse nutritionally enhanced and value-added food products to promote human nutrition. Thus, the study sought to develop nitrogen level that could result in maximum yield of tubers while the green leaves are harvested for human consumption. The study also sought to find the best suitable drying method to extend the shelf life of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes OFSP leaves. The research was conducted at the University of Fort Hare glasshouse, Alice, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. OFSP plants were grown at the UFH research farm, harvested and sorted according to their different age groups. The leaves were then taken to the glasshouse for the experiment to be conducted. The first experiment followed CRD 4x3 factorial replicated 3 times, with 4 levels of leaf age (upper, middle, lower, basal) and 3 levels of drying sun, shade, oven. The second experiment followed a RCBD replicated five times, with 4 levels of N 50 100 150, and 200 kgha randomly allocated. All the nutritional analysis was done based on the recommendations by the Association of Official Chemists A.O.A.C. Statistical analysis was done using SAS, Version 9.1. Where a significant difference was detected, variable means were separated using Fisher’s protected least significant difference p 0.05. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-05
- Authors: Joko, Lungisa Banathi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-7146
- Date: 2023-05
- Subjects: Nitrogen in agriculture , Sweet potato leaves , Sweet potatoes -- Harvesting
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28244 , vital:73957
- Description: Root crops, such as sweet potatoes, are important sources of carbohydrates in the pacific region where soils are generally of inferior quality. Sweet potato leaves are said to be more nutritious when compared with storage roots, therefore can be used as a source of nutrition by human beings. Sweet potatoes like other vegetables are perishable and therefore they need to be processed in order to increase storage life. The shelf life of perishable vegetables can be increased by the use of drying methods. This brings an opportunity area for research to realize the full potential of sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes can be developed as a sustainable crop for diverse nutritionally enhanced and value-added food products to promote human nutrition. Thus, the study sought to develop nitrogen level that could result in maximum yield of tubers while the green leaves are harvested for human consumption. The study also sought to find the best suitable drying method to extend the shelf life of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes OFSP leaves. The research was conducted at the University of Fort Hare glasshouse, Alice, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. OFSP plants were grown at the UFH research farm, harvested and sorted according to their different age groups. The leaves were then taken to the glasshouse for the experiment to be conducted. The first experiment followed CRD 4x3 factorial replicated 3 times, with 4 levels of leaf age (upper, middle, lower, basal) and 3 levels of drying sun, shade, oven. The second experiment followed a RCBD replicated five times, with 4 levels of N 50 100 150, and 200 kgha randomly allocated. All the nutritional analysis was done based on the recommendations by the Association of Official Chemists A.O.A.C. Statistical analysis was done using SAS, Version 9.1. Where a significant difference was detected, variable means were separated using Fisher’s protected least significant difference p 0.05. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-05
Composition Portfolio
- Authors: Bessey, Warren Gregory
- Date: 2023-04-10
- Subjects: Composition (Music) , Zulu (African people) Songs and music , Music Cross-cultural studies , uMkabayi kaJama , Nandi , Nobility South Africa Zululand History
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/404940 , vital:70123
- Description: Excerpt from Introduction: My interest in the Zulu royal family intensified as I began to read many stories and have lengthy conversations with members of the Zulu royal family and others, including Dr Maxwell Shamase (University of Zululand), about Zulu history. I was struck by the power and prowess of Princess Mkabayi (1750-1843). The elders were said to be speechless when she spoke. According to Shamase, a common Zulu expression which references Mkabayi’s well-known verbal skill is Umuntu ukhuluma kome umlomo, and translates as [like Mkabayi] the speaker speaks clearly and leaves no room for misunderstandings and misinterpretations. I found her to be a brilliant strategist with a servant heart and one whom history had not given due credit, and I was inspired to bring her story to life by setting it to music. I wanted to explore whether or not the events surrounding Mkabayi led to a change of consciousness among the Zulu nation, and I used this as a theme for my symphonic work about her. The lives of Queen Nandi (King Shaka’s mother) and Princess Mkabayi (King Shaka’s aunt) made for fascinating stories I had been privileged to discover, and I felt they were South African treasures to be elevated and shared with the world. The two works listed above form part of my repertoire based on Zulu royal history which are collectively known as “The Royal Trilogy,” and I have come to think of them as part of a developing “urban classical repertoire”. The Royal Trilogy is a set of three compositions with 33 independent scenes linking historical events and people. It includes the following entitled symphonic works for full orchestra: Nandi iNdlovukazi yezi Ndlovukazi (hereinafter “Queen Nandi”), Inkosazane Mkabayi (hereinafter “Princess Mkabayi”), and iNkosi uShaka: Umbono, Isizwe, Isiphetho - King Shaka: A Vision, A Nation, A Destiny (hereinafter “King Shaka”). Nandi premiered on 22 September 2016 as part of “A Musical Tribute Celebrating 200 Years of the Zulu Monarchy,” and “Mkabayi” premiered on 6 September 2018 under a programme titled “Princess Mkabayi: Celebrating Heritage Month”. Both pieces were performed at the Durban City Hall by the KwaZulu-Natal Philharmonic Orchestra with a mass Zulu choir (combination of the Clermont Community Choir, Prince Mshiyeni Choir, and Thokozani Choral Society) for socio-economic and ethnically diverse audiences. The final work, “King Shaka,” is expected to premiere in 2023. A future adaption of the Royal Trilogy is envisioned as an Afro Fusion Contemporary Ballet. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music & Musicology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04-10
- Authors: Bessey, Warren Gregory
- Date: 2023-04-10
- Subjects: Composition (Music) , Zulu (African people) Songs and music , Music Cross-cultural studies , uMkabayi kaJama , Nandi , Nobility South Africa Zululand History
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/404940 , vital:70123
- Description: Excerpt from Introduction: My interest in the Zulu royal family intensified as I began to read many stories and have lengthy conversations with members of the Zulu royal family and others, including Dr Maxwell Shamase (University of Zululand), about Zulu history. I was struck by the power and prowess of Princess Mkabayi (1750-1843). The elders were said to be speechless when she spoke. According to Shamase, a common Zulu expression which references Mkabayi’s well-known verbal skill is Umuntu ukhuluma kome umlomo, and translates as [like Mkabayi] the speaker speaks clearly and leaves no room for misunderstandings and misinterpretations. I found her to be a brilliant strategist with a servant heart and one whom history had not given due credit, and I was inspired to bring her story to life by setting it to music. I wanted to explore whether or not the events surrounding Mkabayi led to a change of consciousness among the Zulu nation, and I used this as a theme for my symphonic work about her. The lives of Queen Nandi (King Shaka’s mother) and Princess Mkabayi (King Shaka’s aunt) made for fascinating stories I had been privileged to discover, and I felt they were South African treasures to be elevated and shared with the world. The two works listed above form part of my repertoire based on Zulu royal history which are collectively known as “The Royal Trilogy,” and I have come to think of them as part of a developing “urban classical repertoire”. The Royal Trilogy is a set of three compositions with 33 independent scenes linking historical events and people. It includes the following entitled symphonic works for full orchestra: Nandi iNdlovukazi yezi Ndlovukazi (hereinafter “Queen Nandi”), Inkosazane Mkabayi (hereinafter “Princess Mkabayi”), and iNkosi uShaka: Umbono, Isizwe, Isiphetho - King Shaka: A Vision, A Nation, A Destiny (hereinafter “King Shaka”). Nandi premiered on 22 September 2016 as part of “A Musical Tribute Celebrating 200 Years of the Zulu Monarchy,” and “Mkabayi” premiered on 6 September 2018 under a programme titled “Princess Mkabayi: Celebrating Heritage Month”. Both pieces were performed at the Durban City Hall by the KwaZulu-Natal Philharmonic Orchestra with a mass Zulu choir (combination of the Clermont Community Choir, Prince Mshiyeni Choir, and Thokozani Choral Society) for socio-economic and ethnically diverse audiences. The final work, “King Shaka,” is expected to premiere in 2023. A future adaption of the Royal Trilogy is envisioned as an Afro Fusion Contemporary Ballet. , Thesis (MMus) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music & Musicology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04-10
A critical analysis of the criteria applied in South Africa to distinguish an independent contractor from an employee for income tax purposes
- Authors: Mkhoma, Londekile Nosipho
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Independent contractor , Common law tests , Income tax
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61702 , vital:71827
- Description: The study set out to critically analyse the criteria used by South Africa to determine the distinction between independent contractors and employees. Comparisons are also drawn with the criteria used in the United Kingdom(UK) and New Zealand (NZ) to assess whether there are new ideas that can be drawn from these and help improve the criteria used in South Africa. This was motivated by the ongoing debates around this issue and the desire to make a contribution that might bring some new insights and clarity. Under South African tax legislation employers are only obliged to deduct income tax from persons identified as employees while on the other hand, they cannot deduct tax contributions from the money paid to independent contractors for services rendered. Furthermore, there is no statutory definition for the term “independent contractor” in the Income Tax Act of South Africa nor in the country’s labour legislation. The definition of this term has largely been established by the labour courts in instances where disputes have arisen around these matters. Using a doctrinal research method (including a comparative legal research), which is a qualitative research approach, articles, statutes, judgements, explanatory memoranda, and policy documents on the subject under investigation were analysed. It is submitted that the criteria used in the two countries used in the comparison are similar to the ones used in South Africa, with some variations. All three countries use similar tests to make their determinations and a survey of the UK and NZ’s case law indicates that the most preferred criteria are the multifactoral approach to determine the true nature of the relationship between employers and their employees. This approach has been found to be more flexible which allows it to accommodate the changes that are occurring in the world of work. In the South African context, the labour court has adopted a substance-over-form approach in making their determinations, arguing that the nature of the working relationship between employer and employee is a more important indicator than the mere contents of a written contract. The labour court has also used labour legislation mainly to assist in the interpretation of the distinction between independent contractors and employees. The study established that the criteria used in the UK is a bit more complex because workers are put in three different categories and the definition of employee is not 4 uniform in all the available statutes. In New Zealand the multiple factor approach is preferred just like in South Africa. In conclusion is submitted that the study established that there is nothing, other than the UK’s Mutuality of Obligation Test, that would assist in further clarifying the criteria used to classify employees or independent contractors in South Africa , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mkhoma, Londekile Nosipho
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Independent contractor , Common law tests , Income tax
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61702 , vital:71827
- Description: The study set out to critically analyse the criteria used by South Africa to determine the distinction between independent contractors and employees. Comparisons are also drawn with the criteria used in the United Kingdom(UK) and New Zealand (NZ) to assess whether there are new ideas that can be drawn from these and help improve the criteria used in South Africa. This was motivated by the ongoing debates around this issue and the desire to make a contribution that might bring some new insights and clarity. Under South African tax legislation employers are only obliged to deduct income tax from persons identified as employees while on the other hand, they cannot deduct tax contributions from the money paid to independent contractors for services rendered. Furthermore, there is no statutory definition for the term “independent contractor” in the Income Tax Act of South Africa nor in the country’s labour legislation. The definition of this term has largely been established by the labour courts in instances where disputes have arisen around these matters. Using a doctrinal research method (including a comparative legal research), which is a qualitative research approach, articles, statutes, judgements, explanatory memoranda, and policy documents on the subject under investigation were analysed. It is submitted that the criteria used in the two countries used in the comparison are similar to the ones used in South Africa, with some variations. All three countries use similar tests to make their determinations and a survey of the UK and NZ’s case law indicates that the most preferred criteria are the multifactoral approach to determine the true nature of the relationship between employers and their employees. This approach has been found to be more flexible which allows it to accommodate the changes that are occurring in the world of work. In the South African context, the labour court has adopted a substance-over-form approach in making their determinations, arguing that the nature of the working relationship between employer and employee is a more important indicator than the mere contents of a written contract. The labour court has also used labour legislation mainly to assist in the interpretation of the distinction between independent contractors and employees. The study established that the criteria used in the UK is a bit more complex because workers are put in three different categories and the definition of employee is not 4 uniform in all the available statutes. In New Zealand the multiple factor approach is preferred just like in South Africa. In conclusion is submitted that the study established that there is nothing, other than the UK’s Mutuality of Obligation Test, that would assist in further clarifying the criteria used to classify employees or independent contractors in South Africa , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A digital storybook project with mothers of grade four learners in support of literacy learning : A participatory action learning and action research study
- Authors: Josephs, Chantell M B
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Children's electronic books -- Activity programs , Intermediate – parents
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63472 , vital:73379
- Description: According to the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS, 2016), 78% of grade four children in South Africa's poorest communities lack access to adequate educational resources and infrastructure, which prevents them from reading for meaning in any language. Children in South Africa lack the foundational reading abilities required to finish grade four in compliance with international standards. This project used the participatory action learning and action research (PALAR) approach to prepare mothers to create a digital storybook as learner support material and because participatory action research is a method of evaluation that generates data about an ongoing change process and encourages learning amongst the people most intimately connected to the change. The study centred on the use of digital storytelling as a literacy resource to create learning experiences in the literacy classroom, as well as to determine how PALAR can be used as a methodology to aid mothers in creating a digital storybook. The research objectives guided the workshops held over five weeks with twelve grade four learners’ mothers. I held a two to three-hour, one-day start-up workshop that was recorded and documented. The key advisory set (KAS) members received baseline checklists, which were then sent to the action learning set (ALS) members in their respective groups. The information received from the checklist was used as discussion points in the follow-up workshops. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) served as the foundation for the data analysis. The generated data was interpreted and analysed using Schneider’s (2013) ten work steps. The data-gathering method was based on a qualitative approach and the study was underpinned by critical theory and critical pedagogy that enabled a collective approach which results in greater epistemic justice. The principal, parents, and learning support specialists (LSSs) had informal pre-entry talks before the start of the official data collection. A total of twelve participants were chosen for this study based on their willingness to participate and their being parents or guardians of children in grade four. The research objectives informed three iterative cycles of planning, observing, and reflecting. The usage of both open and closed coding led to the emergence of three main themes, which were understanding literacy, communication between school and parents, and learning materials. iii New categories were created because of the continuous comparison and analysis that were employed between cycles to answer the sub- and main research questions. Data generated throughout the three cycles revealed the mothers' concerns, misconceptions and level of knowledge and commitment to the creation of literacy resources and the possibility of creating a digital storybook. Despite the workshops generating advancement and excitement, the findings indicate that the participants' assessments of their role in the creation of learning materials varied. The report indicates that the parents felt powerless to influence educational decisions based on their past and present experiences regarding their involvement and interaction with the school. It is necessary to employ strategies to put parents at ease and to reassure them that their opinions are important and required to ensure their children’s educational achievement. Essentially, this means ascertaining how to guarantee closer relationships between parents, teachers and learners. Recommendations are made regarding parental involvement in curriculum development based on the study's findings. The recommendations include effective parent-teacher communication through parental involvement in curriculum development, increased parent-teacher interaction to meet learners’ needs more effectively, and finally, an expansion of the study considering a larger sample size, a new study site, and an expansion of the goals beyond the digital storybook. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Josephs, Chantell M B
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Children's electronic books -- Activity programs , Intermediate – parents
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63472 , vital:73379
- Description: According to the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS, 2016), 78% of grade four children in South Africa's poorest communities lack access to adequate educational resources and infrastructure, which prevents them from reading for meaning in any language. Children in South Africa lack the foundational reading abilities required to finish grade four in compliance with international standards. This project used the participatory action learning and action research (PALAR) approach to prepare mothers to create a digital storybook as learner support material and because participatory action research is a method of evaluation that generates data about an ongoing change process and encourages learning amongst the people most intimately connected to the change. The study centred on the use of digital storytelling as a literacy resource to create learning experiences in the literacy classroom, as well as to determine how PALAR can be used as a methodology to aid mothers in creating a digital storybook. The research objectives guided the workshops held over five weeks with twelve grade four learners’ mothers. I held a two to three-hour, one-day start-up workshop that was recorded and documented. The key advisory set (KAS) members received baseline checklists, which were then sent to the action learning set (ALS) members in their respective groups. The information received from the checklist was used as discussion points in the follow-up workshops. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) served as the foundation for the data analysis. The generated data was interpreted and analysed using Schneider’s (2013) ten work steps. The data-gathering method was based on a qualitative approach and the study was underpinned by critical theory and critical pedagogy that enabled a collective approach which results in greater epistemic justice. The principal, parents, and learning support specialists (LSSs) had informal pre-entry talks before the start of the official data collection. A total of twelve participants were chosen for this study based on their willingness to participate and their being parents or guardians of children in grade four. The research objectives informed three iterative cycles of planning, observing, and reflecting. The usage of both open and closed coding led to the emergence of three main themes, which were understanding literacy, communication between school and parents, and learning materials. iii New categories were created because of the continuous comparison and analysis that were employed between cycles to answer the sub- and main research questions. Data generated throughout the three cycles revealed the mothers' concerns, misconceptions and level of knowledge and commitment to the creation of literacy resources and the possibility of creating a digital storybook. Despite the workshops generating advancement and excitement, the findings indicate that the participants' assessments of their role in the creation of learning materials varied. The report indicates that the parents felt powerless to influence educational decisions based on their past and present experiences regarding their involvement and interaction with the school. It is necessary to employ strategies to put parents at ease and to reassure them that their opinions are important and required to ensure their children’s educational achievement. Essentially, this means ascertaining how to guarantee closer relationships between parents, teachers and learners. Recommendations are made regarding parental involvement in curriculum development based on the study's findings. The recommendations include effective parent-teacher communication through parental involvement in curriculum development, increased parent-teacher interaction to meet learners’ needs more effectively, and finally, an expansion of the study considering a larger sample size, a new study site, and an expansion of the goals beyond the digital storybook. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A framework for the design of online course induction components
- Authors: Van Wyk, Norman
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Design , Web-based online instruction
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64094 , vital:73652
- Description: Students from all over the world now have the opportunity to access a wide variety of high-quality educational resources thanks to the rise of online learn- ing. In recent years, there has been a rise in popularity of online education among both students and teachers. This pattern has only continued to in- crease with the occurrence of global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced many people to work and study from home. Therefore, it is crucial that online courses are presented in a manner that is suitable for a diverse range of potential students. Many educators lack the necessary experience to move their physical courses to an online environment, which has become a recent trend. Ed- ucators tend to teach in the manner in which they were taught, which may not translate well to online learning delivery. Moreover, many learners today are assumed to possess the necessary knowledge and skills to participate in online learning without much thought. The combination of assumed learner knowledge and lack of online-specific teaching experience can result in the introduction of artificial barriers to the student’s learning by educators. If left unaddressed, these artificial barriers or artificial learning thresholds can cause the student to experience anxiety, a lack of engagement, and a lack of motivation to complete the course for which they are enrolled in. The global expansion of online education has increased the demand for professional training and specialised knowledge to help teachers instruct stu- dents and create online course materials. First, this dissertation highlights some of the success and challenge factors of online learning. It discusses threshold concepts and suggests that artificial barriers or artificial thresholds can hinder online learning. The dissertation ii ABSTRACT iii demonstratesasimpleexampleofwhatanartificiallearningthresholdcan beandpresentsthedevelopmentofaframeworkthatcanguideaneducator toconstructcourseswiththeaimtoeliminateartificiallearningthresholds. Second, the dissertationverifiesanddiscussestheresultingframeworkby presentinganddiscussingfeedbackbasedonanexperteducatorreviewof the framework. Thisdissertationproposesthateducatorscanbeguided,byfollowingthe developedframework,onhowtodesigncourseswithnoartificiallearning barriers.Itistheresearcher’scontentionthatdoingsowillreducestudent anxietyandincreasemotivationandengagement. , Thesis (MIT) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Information Technology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Van Wyk, Norman
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Design , Web-based online instruction
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64094 , vital:73652
- Description: Students from all over the world now have the opportunity to access a wide variety of high-quality educational resources thanks to the rise of online learn- ing. In recent years, there has been a rise in popularity of online education among both students and teachers. This pattern has only continued to in- crease with the occurrence of global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced many people to work and study from home. Therefore, it is crucial that online courses are presented in a manner that is suitable for a diverse range of potential students. Many educators lack the necessary experience to move their physical courses to an online environment, which has become a recent trend. Ed- ucators tend to teach in the manner in which they were taught, which may not translate well to online learning delivery. Moreover, many learners today are assumed to possess the necessary knowledge and skills to participate in online learning without much thought. The combination of assumed learner knowledge and lack of online-specific teaching experience can result in the introduction of artificial barriers to the student’s learning by educators. If left unaddressed, these artificial barriers or artificial learning thresholds can cause the student to experience anxiety, a lack of engagement, and a lack of motivation to complete the course for which they are enrolled in. The global expansion of online education has increased the demand for professional training and specialised knowledge to help teachers instruct stu- dents and create online course materials. First, this dissertation highlights some of the success and challenge factors of online learning. It discusses threshold concepts and suggests that artificial barriers or artificial thresholds can hinder online learning. The dissertation ii ABSTRACT iii demonstratesasimpleexampleofwhatanartificiallearningthresholdcan beandpresentsthedevelopmentofaframeworkthatcanguideaneducator toconstructcourseswiththeaimtoeliminateartificiallearningthresholds. Second, the dissertationverifiesanddiscussestheresultingframeworkby presentinganddiscussingfeedbackbasedonanexperteducatorreviewof the framework. Thisdissertationproposesthateducatorscanbeguided,byfollowingthe developedframework,onhowtodesigncourseswithnoartificiallearning barriers.Itistheresearcher’scontentionthatdoingsowillreducestudent anxietyandincreasemotivationandengagement. , Thesis (MIT) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Information Technology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A framework to assess apomediation in social networking sites: a case of individuals with autoimmune disease
- Van de Westhuizen, Eldrigde Werner
- Authors: Van de Westhuizen, Eldrigde Werner
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Social nertworking , Content sharing
- Language: English
- Type: Doctolral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66334 , vital:74634
- Description: Over the past couple of years there has been a major change in the health-related information available to patients. The modern patient typically researches online before consulting a doctor, leading to more independence for patients regarding their medical care. Doctors continue to play a pivotal role in the medical profession due to their medical education and experience, however, patients are progressively turning to online information to understand their condition. They also check online, following consultation with their doctor, to confirm that the information provided is correct; and frequently ask for advice from people with the same condition. Clearly, patients are changing their normal health seeking behaviour by supplementing what they hear from healthcare professionals through searches for additional sources of information. Unfortunately, online health-related information is not always factual. The misinformation could cause potential problems in the doctor-patient relationship because the doctor has all the information about the patient’s condition, therefore any indication that the patient is trying to undermine the authority of the doctor could be devastating. There is a need for people, or tools, that can support the patient to direct them to high quality information regarding their condition. This concept, known as apomediation, was discussed in detail in this research, as well as the effect on patients. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding of the extent to which these tools or people support the apomediation process for patients. This research focused on social networking sites, which is the tool to be used, while the patients were individuals with an autoimmune disease. The purpose of this research is to construct a framework to understand the extent to which social networking sites support apomediation for individuals with autoimmune disease. Research was conducted on existing models and theories that supports apomediation, as well as investigating which social networking sites are available that best support apomediation based on the core features of these sites. The research then focused on the requirements of individuals with autoimmune disease in respect of apomediation. These building blocks led to the construction of a framework artefact 6 that can guide patients on how to determine the extent to which social networking sites support apomediation. An assessment tool was also developed, based on the framework artefact, to evaluate the framework’s effectiveness in executing its designed intention. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Technology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Van de Westhuizen, Eldrigde Werner
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Social nertworking , Content sharing
- Language: English
- Type: Doctolral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/66334 , vital:74634
- Description: Over the past couple of years there has been a major change in the health-related information available to patients. The modern patient typically researches online before consulting a doctor, leading to more independence for patients regarding their medical care. Doctors continue to play a pivotal role in the medical profession due to their medical education and experience, however, patients are progressively turning to online information to understand their condition. They also check online, following consultation with their doctor, to confirm that the information provided is correct; and frequently ask for advice from people with the same condition. Clearly, patients are changing their normal health seeking behaviour by supplementing what they hear from healthcare professionals through searches for additional sources of information. Unfortunately, online health-related information is not always factual. The misinformation could cause potential problems in the doctor-patient relationship because the doctor has all the information about the patient’s condition, therefore any indication that the patient is trying to undermine the authority of the doctor could be devastating. There is a need for people, or tools, that can support the patient to direct them to high quality information regarding their condition. This concept, known as apomediation, was discussed in detail in this research, as well as the effect on patients. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding of the extent to which these tools or people support the apomediation process for patients. This research focused on social networking sites, which is the tool to be used, while the patients were individuals with an autoimmune disease. The purpose of this research is to construct a framework to understand the extent to which social networking sites support apomediation for individuals with autoimmune disease. Research was conducted on existing models and theories that supports apomediation, as well as investigating which social networking sites are available that best support apomediation based on the core features of these sites. The research then focused on the requirements of individuals with autoimmune disease in respect of apomediation. These building blocks led to the construction of a framework artefact 6 that can guide patients on how to determine the extent to which social networking sites support apomediation. An assessment tool was also developed, based on the framework artefact, to evaluate the framework’s effectiveness in executing its designed intention. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Technology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A fraud investigation skills self-assessment framework for internal audit practitioners
- Authors: Labuschagne, Mario
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: fraud investigation , Auditing, Internal
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61465 , vital:70660
- Description: Globally incidents of fraud are on the increase, resulting in an expectation from users of internal audit services that internal auditors should accept responsibility for conducting fraud investigations. This expectation exists even though limited guidance pronouncements on how to conduct fraud investigations being available from the Institute of internal auditors (IIA) and internal auditors not always being equipped to conduct fraud investigations. This expectation also stretches beyond the current pronounced role and responsibilities of internal audit practitioners, according to the IIAs International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF) (hereafter, referred to as the Standards). Conducting fraud investigations without possessing the relevant knowledge and skills, introduces the risk that evidence collected may be considered inadmissible in a court of law. The research problem is stated as, “a dearth of adequate guidance pronouncements for internal audit practitioners exists, in respect of fraud investigations.” In response to the expectation, risk, and research problem, underpinned by the policeman theory and theory of inspired confidence, the primary research objective of the study was to develop a fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework for use by internal audit practitioners who are expected to conduct fraud investigations. The study’s research objectives were achieved by making use of an interpretivist research paradigm and a qualitative methodological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from authoritative internal auditors on the membership database of the Institute of Internal Auditors South Africa (IIASA). Findings confirmed the existence of an expectation gap and the lack of guidance contained in IIA guidance pronouncements and Standards. Developed from the findings, the thesis proposes a fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework. The proposed self-assessment framework lists 14 fraud investigation knowledge and skills measures in the form of statements that internal audit practitioners should use to assess their personal level of proficiency for conducting a fraud investigation. The results from the self-assessment should then be Page | vii used to guide an internal audit practitioner on whether to accept the responsibility for conducting a fraud investigation or to defer the investigation to a more proficient fraud investigator. The decision for accepting the responsibility to conduct a fraud investigation ultimately resides with the internal audit practitioner. The study concluded that an expectation from organisations exists for internal audit practitioners to conduct fraud investigations, even though limited guidance pronouncements are available to internal audit practitioners from the IIA for conducting fraud investigations. The study identified that the most prominent risk associated with a fraud investigation being conducted by a person lacking the required fraud investigation knowledge and skills was that of collected evidence being dismissed in a court of law and not being able to use the evidence against a perpetrator. It can, therefore, be recommended that internal audit practitioners should not conduct a fraud investigation if they lacked any of the proficiencies required. The study provides support for the development and use of the proposed fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Labuschagne, Mario
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: fraud investigation , Auditing, Internal
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61465 , vital:70660
- Description: Globally incidents of fraud are on the increase, resulting in an expectation from users of internal audit services that internal auditors should accept responsibility for conducting fraud investigations. This expectation exists even though limited guidance pronouncements on how to conduct fraud investigations being available from the Institute of internal auditors (IIA) and internal auditors not always being equipped to conduct fraud investigations. This expectation also stretches beyond the current pronounced role and responsibilities of internal audit practitioners, according to the IIAs International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF) (hereafter, referred to as the Standards). Conducting fraud investigations without possessing the relevant knowledge and skills, introduces the risk that evidence collected may be considered inadmissible in a court of law. The research problem is stated as, “a dearth of adequate guidance pronouncements for internal audit practitioners exists, in respect of fraud investigations.” In response to the expectation, risk, and research problem, underpinned by the policeman theory and theory of inspired confidence, the primary research objective of the study was to develop a fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework for use by internal audit practitioners who are expected to conduct fraud investigations. The study’s research objectives were achieved by making use of an interpretivist research paradigm and a qualitative methodological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from authoritative internal auditors on the membership database of the Institute of Internal Auditors South Africa (IIASA). Findings confirmed the existence of an expectation gap and the lack of guidance contained in IIA guidance pronouncements and Standards. Developed from the findings, the thesis proposes a fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework. The proposed self-assessment framework lists 14 fraud investigation knowledge and skills measures in the form of statements that internal audit practitioners should use to assess their personal level of proficiency for conducting a fraud investigation. The results from the self-assessment should then be Page | vii used to guide an internal audit practitioner on whether to accept the responsibility for conducting a fraud investigation or to defer the investigation to a more proficient fraud investigator. The decision for accepting the responsibility to conduct a fraud investigation ultimately resides with the internal audit practitioner. The study concluded that an expectation from organisations exists for internal audit practitioners to conduct fraud investigations, even though limited guidance pronouncements are available to internal audit practitioners from the IIA for conducting fraud investigations. The study identified that the most prominent risk associated with a fraud investigation being conducted by a person lacking the required fraud investigation knowledge and skills was that of collected evidence being dismissed in a court of law and not being able to use the evidence against a perpetrator. It can, therefore, be recommended that internal audit practitioners should not conduct a fraud investigation if they lacked any of the proficiencies required. The study provides support for the development and use of the proposed fraud investigation proficiency self-assessment framework. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A Literacy Project with community members: Designing translanguaging storybooks for a multilingual community
- Authors: Senekal, Ischke
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Literacy programs , Translanguaging (Linguistics) -- children's book , Multilingual -– society
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60916 , vital:69225
- Description: The purpose of this study was to establish a community-based literacy project that would design translingual storybooks accessible to all children and community members in terms of language, contextual relevance, and age appropriateness for a rural community in the Eastern Cape. Although multiple studies have been done worldwide, more research was needed on the impact community members thought it could have in South African society. This study's theoretical framework was drawn from Cen Williams's (1980) translanguaging. Williams (1980) viewed translanguaging as receiving information in one language (input) and relaying it in another language (output) to expand the competency of the two languages as well as ensure that deeper learning takes place (Wright & Baker, 2017). Translanguaging has evolved throughout the centuries. García and Wei (2014) describe it as a single repertoire that is being used since students integrate their languages and create a new language that they use to function in the world. A qualitative approach was used to answer the research question: "How can a translingual pedagogy enhance communicative repertories in designing community translingual storybooks?" A CPAR design was used to answer the research questions. Through workshops, focus groups, storyboards, and draw-and-talk, the researcher aimed to discover how a translingual pedagogy could enhance communicative repertoires by designing translingual storybooks. Lincoln and Guba's (1985) model of trustworthiness was used to guarantee trustworthiness by concentrating on credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and reflexivity. Three main themes materialised from the data: using the mother tongue, isiXhosa, foundation to improve additional languages, interactive and structure-based strategies, and assets and drawbacks while creating resources with community members. The findings of this study indicated that multiple community members sometimes used their mother tongue to aid in the development of understanding additional languages, English and Afrikaans. They needed to learn the crucial roles they played in students' language development since they were the ones that could make those vital connections. The research participants needed an idea of the methods that could be used to design their translingual storybooks. They indicated that they wanted to work with other community members and wanted steps to follow to design these storybooks. The researcher had to present them with ideas of methods that fit their needs. The researcher knew that every study has assets and drawbacks depending on their view, the study's iii aims and goals, and the research question. It was found that the assets outweighed the drawbacks since the participants were an eager group of individuals. The research participants in this study come with a wide variety of knowledge about the needs of their community based on their experiences. They all have different job descriptions, but what brings them together is their desire to improve the community reading resources to improve their linguistic knowledge. The research participants designed the translingual storybooks at home and shared the data via WhatsApp. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School for initial Teacher Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Senekal, Ischke
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Literacy programs , Translanguaging (Linguistics) -- children's book , Multilingual -– society
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60916 , vital:69225
- Description: The purpose of this study was to establish a community-based literacy project that would design translingual storybooks accessible to all children and community members in terms of language, contextual relevance, and age appropriateness for a rural community in the Eastern Cape. Although multiple studies have been done worldwide, more research was needed on the impact community members thought it could have in South African society. This study's theoretical framework was drawn from Cen Williams's (1980) translanguaging. Williams (1980) viewed translanguaging as receiving information in one language (input) and relaying it in another language (output) to expand the competency of the two languages as well as ensure that deeper learning takes place (Wright & Baker, 2017). Translanguaging has evolved throughout the centuries. García and Wei (2014) describe it as a single repertoire that is being used since students integrate their languages and create a new language that they use to function in the world. A qualitative approach was used to answer the research question: "How can a translingual pedagogy enhance communicative repertories in designing community translingual storybooks?" A CPAR design was used to answer the research questions. Through workshops, focus groups, storyboards, and draw-and-talk, the researcher aimed to discover how a translingual pedagogy could enhance communicative repertoires by designing translingual storybooks. Lincoln and Guba's (1985) model of trustworthiness was used to guarantee trustworthiness by concentrating on credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and reflexivity. Three main themes materialised from the data: using the mother tongue, isiXhosa, foundation to improve additional languages, interactive and structure-based strategies, and assets and drawbacks while creating resources with community members. The findings of this study indicated that multiple community members sometimes used their mother tongue to aid in the development of understanding additional languages, English and Afrikaans. They needed to learn the crucial roles they played in students' language development since they were the ones that could make those vital connections. The research participants needed an idea of the methods that could be used to design their translingual storybooks. They indicated that they wanted to work with other community members and wanted steps to follow to design these storybooks. The researcher had to present them with ideas of methods that fit their needs. The researcher knew that every study has assets and drawbacks depending on their view, the study's iii aims and goals, and the research question. It was found that the assets outweighed the drawbacks since the participants were an eager group of individuals. The research participants in this study come with a wide variety of knowledge about the needs of their community based on their experiences. They all have different job descriptions, but what brings them together is their desire to improve the community reading resources to improve their linguistic knowledge. The research participants designed the translingual storybooks at home and shared the data via WhatsApp. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School for initial Teacher Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A model for integrating user experience into Agile software development
- Authors: Manakaza, Mpile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Customer satisfaction , Agile development (Computer science) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60949 , vital:69295
- Description: The Agile software development methodology has progressed over time and has become the most popularly used methodology for many projects owing to its adaptable and advanced nature. Agile is an iterative and incremental method that supports project teams to maintain the growing demands of present-day organisations. In software development, it is imperative to build software that ensures a holistic user experience and meets requirements. Software Developers and User Experience Designers focus on users’ preferences and requirements while navigating an application through an approach called user-centred design (UCD). The purpose of Agile user-experience (UX) methods is to build user-centric software solutions using the Agile methodology. Literature indicates a scarcity of Agile-UX models to integrate user experience design processes effectively within Agile software development. Hence, the motivation for this study was to create a practical model for integrating user experience design processes into Agile software development for implementation by software development teams. Initially, the study defines the problem that formed the basis for the initiation of this research, followed by the research questions and objectives that are the fundamental portion of the development of this study. This study highlights the benefits and challenges of Agile-UX methods through a case study of Agile software development teams in South Africa. Furthermore, additional best practices are recommended. A survey questionnaire was distributed to software development teams to identify the various factors that lead to implementing Agile-UX methods. The distribution of the survey questionnaire supported the theoretical perspective of this study. Furthermore, Agile development (AD) and UCD are not easy to combine as UCD aims to understand users before software product development, and no activities are performed before development starts in AD. Lastly, a significant benefit is that user-centred software systems create and promote team collaboration and communication and, ultimately, successful software projects. , Thesis (MIT) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Information and Communication Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Manakaza, Mpile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Customer satisfaction , Agile development (Computer science) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60949 , vital:69295
- Description: The Agile software development methodology has progressed over time and has become the most popularly used methodology for many projects owing to its adaptable and advanced nature. Agile is an iterative and incremental method that supports project teams to maintain the growing demands of present-day organisations. In software development, it is imperative to build software that ensures a holistic user experience and meets requirements. Software Developers and User Experience Designers focus on users’ preferences and requirements while navigating an application through an approach called user-centred design (UCD). The purpose of Agile user-experience (UX) methods is to build user-centric software solutions using the Agile methodology. Literature indicates a scarcity of Agile-UX models to integrate user experience design processes effectively within Agile software development. Hence, the motivation for this study was to create a practical model for integrating user experience design processes into Agile software development for implementation by software development teams. Initially, the study defines the problem that formed the basis for the initiation of this research, followed by the research questions and objectives that are the fundamental portion of the development of this study. This study highlights the benefits and challenges of Agile-UX methods through a case study of Agile software development teams in South Africa. Furthermore, additional best practices are recommended. A survey questionnaire was distributed to software development teams to identify the various factors that lead to implementing Agile-UX methods. The distribution of the survey questionnaire supported the theoretical perspective of this study. Furthermore, Agile development (AD) and UCD are not easy to combine as UCD aims to understand users before software product development, and no activities are performed before development starts in AD. Lastly, a significant benefit is that user-centred software systems create and promote team collaboration and communication and, ultimately, successful software projects. , Thesis (MIT) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Information and Communication Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A Protection of Personal Information Act Compliance Framework for the City of Tshwane’s Fresh Produce Market.
- Authors: Malepeng, Pheah Harold
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Personal data protection , Agricultural marketing –- South Africa, City of Tshwane
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61213 , vital:69804
- Description: The Protection of Personal Information Act of 2013 (POPIA) is a law drafted to regulate the processing of personal information in South Africa. Its provisions include but are not limited to the usage of personal information for marketing purposes. While it was announced that enforcement of the law would commence in July 2021, many organisations are still in the process of reorganising themselves to comply with this important piece of legislation. Although the Information Regulator’s guideline document is available for utilization, organisations are struggling to develop POPIA compliance frameworks tailored to their operational requirements. As stated in section 6.2.1 of the Information Regulator’s guideline document, the act calls for the appointment of the an Information Officer by organisations who is required to develop, implement, monitor and maintain a POPIA compliance, framework. With that stated, this study aims to reports about developing a POPIA compliance framework for the City of Tshwane’s Fresh Produce Market. The study’s primary objective was to develop a POPIA compliance framework for the City of Tshwane’s Fresh Produce Market (TFPM) as a collector and processor of personal information. The study had three sub-objectives which were achieved using three research methods, namely literature review, content analysis and semi-structured interviews. Through a literature review, conditions that should be adhered to in relation to collecting and processing personal information were identified. Shifting the focus to the second sub-objective, a vigorous content analysis was performed to investigate the TFPM’s current method of collecting and processing personal information. The process involved evaluating the TFPM’s SOPs, Service Level Agreement, License Agreement, and the city of Tshwane’s Information Communication Technology Framework using the Nexia POPIA checklist. The evaluation results revealed a huge non-compliance gap with regard iii to POPIA and personal information conditions. Post development of the POPIA framework the study embarked on an expert review process with the top management of the TFPM to assess their view on the developed POPIA compliance framework. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Information Technology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Malepeng, Pheah Harold
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Personal data protection , Agricultural marketing –- South Africa, City of Tshwane
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61213 , vital:69804
- Description: The Protection of Personal Information Act of 2013 (POPIA) is a law drafted to regulate the processing of personal information in South Africa. Its provisions include but are not limited to the usage of personal information for marketing purposes. While it was announced that enforcement of the law would commence in July 2021, many organisations are still in the process of reorganising themselves to comply with this important piece of legislation. Although the Information Regulator’s guideline document is available for utilization, organisations are struggling to develop POPIA compliance frameworks tailored to their operational requirements. As stated in section 6.2.1 of the Information Regulator’s guideline document, the act calls for the appointment of the an Information Officer by organisations who is required to develop, implement, monitor and maintain a POPIA compliance, framework. With that stated, this study aims to reports about developing a POPIA compliance framework for the City of Tshwane’s Fresh Produce Market. The study’s primary objective was to develop a POPIA compliance framework for the City of Tshwane’s Fresh Produce Market (TFPM) as a collector and processor of personal information. The study had three sub-objectives which were achieved using three research methods, namely literature review, content analysis and semi-structured interviews. Through a literature review, conditions that should be adhered to in relation to collecting and processing personal information were identified. Shifting the focus to the second sub-objective, a vigorous content analysis was performed to investigate the TFPM’s current method of collecting and processing personal information. The process involved evaluating the TFPM’s SOPs, Service Level Agreement, License Agreement, and the city of Tshwane’s Information Communication Technology Framework using the Nexia POPIA checklist. The evaluation results revealed a huge non-compliance gap with regard iii to POPIA and personal information conditions. Post development of the POPIA framework the study embarked on an expert review process with the top management of the TFPM to assess their view on the developed POPIA compliance framework. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Technology, School of Information Technology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process
- Authors: Kinsman, Estonia Jasmine
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Financial planning industry , Affluent consumers
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60786 , vital:67404
- Description: The globally applied six-step financial planning process which is used by CFP® professionals to provide financial advice is designed to ensure that the financial advice is suitable, based on the needs of the consumer. However, given the diverse cultures in South Africa, this study argues that the six-step financial planning process (as it is currently applied) may not be suitable, as it requires contextualisation based on the unique needs of South African consumers. The various population groups in South Africa have their own sets of beliefs, values and cultural practices, and thus view aspects such as wealth (the creation, preservation and transference thereof), marriage, death and retirement, differently. Thus, financial planners who are not knowledgeable about different cultures, diverse financial needs, or the provisions of customary law, may not be able to provide suitable advice. The primary objective of the study is thus to reconceptualise the six-step financial planning process to be more inclusive, in order to better serve the financial planning needs of South African consumers. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to provide the context and framework within which the reconceptualisation of the six-step financial planning process could be approached. An investigation of the financial planning environment and the financial planning process was completed to determine how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied in the South African context. Further, an investigation of culture and the cultural dimensions – power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, timeorientation and indulgence – was conducted, as it was clear that these cultural dimensions cannot be generalised to all South African consumers, due to the large degree of diversity within the population. It was also determined that there are various factors that contribute towards the cultural diversity of South African consumers, which may influence their financial needs and the type of financial advice that is required. These factors include race and ethnicity, marital regimes, procreation and family structures. To further illustrate the diversity of financial needs of South African consumers, a discussion of Black households and the application of financial planning legislation and customary law was provided. Black households are considered to be under-serviced, historically financially excluded, have low levels of financial literacy, and are mostly collectivist in nature. It is for these reasons that Black households are the focus of the study. Some of the financial needs that vi are common among Black households include land and property ownership, family wealth, family homesteads, lobola capital and ‘black tax’ expenditure. Given that the literature review established how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied, an interpretivist research philosophy was adopted in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the six-step financial planning process should be applied in a South African context. Further, the research approach in the context of this study is an inductive one, as the six-step financial planning process is an existing theory that was reconceptualised by considering the perceptions and experiences of 16 CFP® professionals and 14 Black South African households. A mono-method qualitative research methodology was used, with a single qualitative method of data collection (semi-structured interviews), and a single qualitative method of data analysis (latent content analysis). The findings of the study were used to provide a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which takes into consideration the fact that the image of a financial planner plays an important role when trying to establish a professional relationship with a client. The findings reveal that Black consumers in particular, generally have a negative image of a financial planner, which is influenced not only by their perceptions of a financial planner, but also by their self-perception of their own financial situation. The reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process also incorporates the finding that discussions around personal finances are considered impolite and taboo among the Black African community, which influences their ability to talk about these topics, trust a financial planner, and establish a professional relationship with them. The findings also reveal that a racial and gender bias exists among Black consumers – they prefer interacting with a White male financial planner, as they perceive them to be more competent and have more experience with finances and wealth accumulation. It was also found that CFP® professionals believe that having cultural awareness and cultural intelligence can reduce bias in the way that questions are asked, so as not to offend the client. Thus, cultural awareness was also incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process. It was also noted that it is important to ascertain clients’ level of financial literacy during the information gathering stage. Black consumers opined that in this regard, it is the role of the financial planner to both ascertain and ensure their clients’ financial literacy, and to offer financial education to ensure client understanding. vii Although the premise of the study is that South African consumers have unique financial needs due to the high degree of diversity among the population, it was the opinion of CFP® professionals that Black consumers, in particular, do not have unique financial needs – instead, they define their needs differently, have different exposures to financial resources to address their financial needs, and also prioritise and satisfy their needs differently. The prioritised financial needs of Black households (sub-themes) that emerged from both participant groups include the need to make provision for black tax, estate planning, funerals, and property ownership. Black household participants mentioned (to a greater extent than CFP® professionals did) the need to make provision for lobola and initiation schools, as these form part of several traditional ceremonies. The need to make provision for a family home was mentioned by Black household participants but not by CFP® professionals. It was discovered from Black household participants that stokvels are the most common micro-finance tool used by Black consumers, for various reasons. In fact for some, stokvels are preferred over formal financial products because they perceive that they yield a higher return, and others use them successfully to supplement their current provisions. These findings (among others) were incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which is presented in this study. This study has made a contribution to the financial planning body of knowledge by presenting a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process, and providing new knowledge on each of the associated six steps and their suitability in a South African context. This study also provides justification and evidence for the inclusion of aspects within the sixstep financial planning process that enhance the understanding of cultural diversity and needs of Black households in particular. Justification has also been provided for the inclusion of cultural aspects and diverse needs of Black consumers the in the academic curriculum of FPI and FSCA recognised qualifications, as well as the facilitation and learning outcomes of business and product-specific training that FSPs are required to provide to their representatives. The study findings also have implications for the development of the academic curriculum and assessment materials for CFP® professionals by recognised education providers, the FSCA regulatory examination, and the FPI professional competency examination. In addition, the study has provided evidence for the need to develop financial products, or customise existing financial products, that address the viii needs of Black households – especially culture-specific financial needs such as black tax, lobola and funding for initiation schools. Key words: Black households; CFP® professionals; culture; diverse needs; reconceptualisation; six-step financial planning process. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Kinsman, Estonia Jasmine
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Financial planning industry , Affluent consumers
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60786 , vital:67404
- Description: The globally applied six-step financial planning process which is used by CFP® professionals to provide financial advice is designed to ensure that the financial advice is suitable, based on the needs of the consumer. However, given the diverse cultures in South Africa, this study argues that the six-step financial planning process (as it is currently applied) may not be suitable, as it requires contextualisation based on the unique needs of South African consumers. The various population groups in South Africa have their own sets of beliefs, values and cultural practices, and thus view aspects such as wealth (the creation, preservation and transference thereof), marriage, death and retirement, differently. Thus, financial planners who are not knowledgeable about different cultures, diverse financial needs, or the provisions of customary law, may not be able to provide suitable advice. The primary objective of the study is thus to reconceptualise the six-step financial planning process to be more inclusive, in order to better serve the financial planning needs of South African consumers. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to provide the context and framework within which the reconceptualisation of the six-step financial planning process could be approached. An investigation of the financial planning environment and the financial planning process was completed to determine how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied in the South African context. Further, an investigation of culture and the cultural dimensions – power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, timeorientation and indulgence – was conducted, as it was clear that these cultural dimensions cannot be generalised to all South African consumers, due to the large degree of diversity within the population. It was also determined that there are various factors that contribute towards the cultural diversity of South African consumers, which may influence their financial needs and the type of financial advice that is required. These factors include race and ethnicity, marital regimes, procreation and family structures. To further illustrate the diversity of financial needs of South African consumers, a discussion of Black households and the application of financial planning legislation and customary law was provided. Black households are considered to be under-serviced, historically financially excluded, have low levels of financial literacy, and are mostly collectivist in nature. It is for these reasons that Black households are the focus of the study. Some of the financial needs that vi are common among Black households include land and property ownership, family wealth, family homesteads, lobola capital and ‘black tax’ expenditure. Given that the literature review established how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied, an interpretivist research philosophy was adopted in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the six-step financial planning process should be applied in a South African context. Further, the research approach in the context of this study is an inductive one, as the six-step financial planning process is an existing theory that was reconceptualised by considering the perceptions and experiences of 16 CFP® professionals and 14 Black South African households. A mono-method qualitative research methodology was used, with a single qualitative method of data collection (semi-structured interviews), and a single qualitative method of data analysis (latent content analysis). The findings of the study were used to provide a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which takes into consideration the fact that the image of a financial planner plays an important role when trying to establish a professional relationship with a client. The findings reveal that Black consumers in particular, generally have a negative image of a financial planner, which is influenced not only by their perceptions of a financial planner, but also by their self-perception of their own financial situation. The reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process also incorporates the finding that discussions around personal finances are considered impolite and taboo among the Black African community, which influences their ability to talk about these topics, trust a financial planner, and establish a professional relationship with them. The findings also reveal that a racial and gender bias exists among Black consumers – they prefer interacting with a White male financial planner, as they perceive them to be more competent and have more experience with finances and wealth accumulation. It was also found that CFP® professionals believe that having cultural awareness and cultural intelligence can reduce bias in the way that questions are asked, so as not to offend the client. Thus, cultural awareness was also incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process. It was also noted that it is important to ascertain clients’ level of financial literacy during the information gathering stage. Black consumers opined that in this regard, it is the role of the financial planner to both ascertain and ensure their clients’ financial literacy, and to offer financial education to ensure client understanding. vii Although the premise of the study is that South African consumers have unique financial needs due to the high degree of diversity among the population, it was the opinion of CFP® professionals that Black consumers, in particular, do not have unique financial needs – instead, they define their needs differently, have different exposures to financial resources to address their financial needs, and also prioritise and satisfy their needs differently. The prioritised financial needs of Black households (sub-themes) that emerged from both participant groups include the need to make provision for black tax, estate planning, funerals, and property ownership. Black household participants mentioned (to a greater extent than CFP® professionals did) the need to make provision for lobola and initiation schools, as these form part of several traditional ceremonies. The need to make provision for a family home was mentioned by Black household participants but not by CFP® professionals. It was discovered from Black household participants that stokvels are the most common micro-finance tool used by Black consumers, for various reasons. In fact for some, stokvels are preferred over formal financial products because they perceive that they yield a higher return, and others use them successfully to supplement their current provisions. These findings (among others) were incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which is presented in this study. This study has made a contribution to the financial planning body of knowledge by presenting a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process, and providing new knowledge on each of the associated six steps and their suitability in a South African context. This study also provides justification and evidence for the inclusion of aspects within the sixstep financial planning process that enhance the understanding of cultural diversity and needs of Black households in particular. Justification has also been provided for the inclusion of cultural aspects and diverse needs of Black consumers the in the academic curriculum of FPI and FSCA recognised qualifications, as well as the facilitation and learning outcomes of business and product-specific training that FSPs are required to provide to their representatives. The study findings also have implications for the development of the academic curriculum and assessment materials for CFP® professionals by recognised education providers, the FSCA regulatory examination, and the FPI professional competency examination. In addition, the study has provided evidence for the need to develop financial products, or customise existing financial products, that address the viii needs of Black households – especially culture-specific financial needs such as black tax, lobola and funding for initiation schools. Key words: Black households; CFP® professionals; culture; diverse needs; reconceptualisation; six-step financial planning process. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process
- Authors: Kinsman, Jasmine Estonia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Financial planning industry , Business enterprises--Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61442 , vital:70648
- Description: The globally applied six-step financial planning process which is used by CFP® professionals to provide financial advice is designed to ensure that the financial advice is suitable, based on the needs of the consumer. However, given the diverse cultures in South Africa, this study argues that the six-step financial planning process (as it is currently applied) may not be suitable, as it requires contextualisation based on the unique needs of South African consumers. The various population groups in South Africa have their own sets of beliefs, values and cultural practices, and thus view aspects such as wealth (the creation, preservation and transference thereof), marriage, death and retirement, differently. Thus, financial planners who are not knowledgeable about different cultures, diverse financial needs, or the provisions of customary law, may not be able to provide suitable advice. The primary objective of the study is thus to reconceptualise the six-step financial planning process to be more inclusive, in order to better serve the financial planning needs of South African consumers. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to provide the context and framework within which the reconceptualisation of the six-step financial planning process could be approached. An investigation of the financial planning environment and the financial planning process was completed to determine how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied in the South African context. Further, an investigation of culture and the cultural dimensions – power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, timeorientation and indulgence – was conducted, as it was clear that these cultural dimensions cannot be generalised to all South African consumers, due to the large degree of diversity within the population. It was also determined that there are various factors that contribute towards the cultural diversity of South African consumers, which may influence their financial needs and the type of financial advice that is required. These factors include race and ethnicity, marital regimes, procreation and family structures. To further illustrate the diversity of financial needs of South African consumers, a discussion of Black households and the application of financial planning legislation and customary law was provided. Black households are considered to be under-serviced, historically financially excluded, have low levels of financial literacy, and are mostly collectivist in nature. It is for these reasons that Black households are the focus of the study. Some of the financial needs that vi are common among Black households include land and property ownership, family wealth, family homesteads, lobola capital and ‘black tax’ expenditure. Given that the literature review established how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied, an interpretivist research philosophy was adopted in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the six-step financial planning process should be applied in a South African context. Further, the research approach in the context of this study is an inductive one, as the six-step financial planning process is an existing theory that was reconceptualised by considering the perceptions and experiences of 16 CFP® professionals and 14 Black South African households. A mono-method qualitative research methodology was used, with a single qualitative method of data collection (semi-structured interviews), and a single qualitative method of data analysis (latent content analysis). The findings of the study were used to provide a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which takes into consideration the fact that the image of a financial planner plays an important role when trying to establish a professional relationship with a client. The findings reveal that Black consumers in particular, generally have a negative image of a financial planner, which is influenced not only by their perceptions of a financial planner, but also by their self-perception of their own financial situation. The reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process also incorporates the finding that discussions around personal finances are considered impolite and taboo among the Black African community, which influences their ability to talk about these topics, trust a financial planner, and establish a professional relationship with them. The findings also reveal that a racial and gender bias exists among Black consumers – they prefer interacting with a White male financial planner, as they perceive them to be more competent and have more experience with finances and wealth accumulation. It was also found that CFP® professionals believe that having cultural awareness and cultural intelligence can reduce bias in the way that questions are asked, so as not to offend the client. Thus, cultural awareness was also incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process. It was also noted that it is important to ascertain clients’ level of financial literacy during the information gathering stage. Black consumers opined that in this regard, it is the role of the financial planner to both ascertain and ensure their clients’ financial literacy, and to offer financial education to ensure client understanding. vii Although the premise of the study is that South African consumers have unique financial needs due to the high degree of diversity among the population, it was the opinion of CFP® professionals that Black consumers, in particular, do not have unique financial needs – instead, they define their needs differently, have different exposures to financial resources to address their financial needs, and also prioritise and satisfy their needs differently. The prioritised financial needs of Black households (sub-themes) that emerged from both participant groups include the need to make provision for black tax, estate planning, funerals, and property ownership. Black household participants mentioned (to a greater extent than CFP® professionals did) the need to make provision for lobola and initiation schools, as these form part of several traditional ceremonies. The need to make provision for a family home was mentioned by Black household participants but not by CFP® professionals. It was discovered from Black household participants that stokvels are the most common micro-finance tool used by Black consumers, for various reasons. In fact for some, stokvels are preferred over formal financial products because they perceive that they yield a higher return, and others use them successfully to supplement their current provisions. These findings (among others) were incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which is presented in this study. This study has made a contribution to the financial planning body of knowledge by presenting a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process, and providing new knowledge on each of the associated six steps and their suitability in a South African context. This study also provides justification and evidence for the inclusion of aspects within the sixstep financial planning process that enhance the understanding of cultural diversity and needs of Black households in particular. Justification has also been provided for the inclusion of cultural aspects and diverse needs of Black consumers the in the academic curriculum of FPI and FSCA recognised qualifications, as well as the facilitation and learning outcomes of business and product-specific training that FSPs are required to provide to their representatives. The study findings also have implications for the development of the academic curriculum and assessment materials for CFP® professionals by recognised education providers, the FSCA regulatory examination, and the FPI professional competency examination. In addition, the study has provided evidence for the need to develop financial products, or customise existing financial products, that address the viii needs of Black households – especially culture-specific financial needs such as black tax, lobola and funding for initiation schools. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Kinsman, Jasmine Estonia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Financial planning industry , Business enterprises--Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61442 , vital:70648
- Description: The globally applied six-step financial planning process which is used by CFP® professionals to provide financial advice is designed to ensure that the financial advice is suitable, based on the needs of the consumer. However, given the diverse cultures in South Africa, this study argues that the six-step financial planning process (as it is currently applied) may not be suitable, as it requires contextualisation based on the unique needs of South African consumers. The various population groups in South Africa have their own sets of beliefs, values and cultural practices, and thus view aspects such as wealth (the creation, preservation and transference thereof), marriage, death and retirement, differently. Thus, financial planners who are not knowledgeable about different cultures, diverse financial needs, or the provisions of customary law, may not be able to provide suitable advice. The primary objective of the study is thus to reconceptualise the six-step financial planning process to be more inclusive, in order to better serve the financial planning needs of South African consumers. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to provide the context and framework within which the reconceptualisation of the six-step financial planning process could be approached. An investigation of the financial planning environment and the financial planning process was completed to determine how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied in the South African context. Further, an investigation of culture and the cultural dimensions – power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, timeorientation and indulgence – was conducted, as it was clear that these cultural dimensions cannot be generalised to all South African consumers, due to the large degree of diversity within the population. It was also determined that there are various factors that contribute towards the cultural diversity of South African consumers, which may influence their financial needs and the type of financial advice that is required. These factors include race and ethnicity, marital regimes, procreation and family structures. To further illustrate the diversity of financial needs of South African consumers, a discussion of Black households and the application of financial planning legislation and customary law was provided. Black households are considered to be under-serviced, historically financially excluded, have low levels of financial literacy, and are mostly collectivist in nature. It is for these reasons that Black households are the focus of the study. Some of the financial needs that vi are common among Black households include land and property ownership, family wealth, family homesteads, lobola capital and ‘black tax’ expenditure. Given that the literature review established how the six-step financial planning process is currently applied, an interpretivist research philosophy was adopted in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the six-step financial planning process should be applied in a South African context. Further, the research approach in the context of this study is an inductive one, as the six-step financial planning process is an existing theory that was reconceptualised by considering the perceptions and experiences of 16 CFP® professionals and 14 Black South African households. A mono-method qualitative research methodology was used, with a single qualitative method of data collection (semi-structured interviews), and a single qualitative method of data analysis (latent content analysis). The findings of the study were used to provide a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which takes into consideration the fact that the image of a financial planner plays an important role when trying to establish a professional relationship with a client. The findings reveal that Black consumers in particular, generally have a negative image of a financial planner, which is influenced not only by their perceptions of a financial planner, but also by their self-perception of their own financial situation. The reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process also incorporates the finding that discussions around personal finances are considered impolite and taboo among the Black African community, which influences their ability to talk about these topics, trust a financial planner, and establish a professional relationship with them. The findings also reveal that a racial and gender bias exists among Black consumers – they prefer interacting with a White male financial planner, as they perceive them to be more competent and have more experience with finances and wealth accumulation. It was also found that CFP® professionals believe that having cultural awareness and cultural intelligence can reduce bias in the way that questions are asked, so as not to offend the client. Thus, cultural awareness was also incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process. It was also noted that it is important to ascertain clients’ level of financial literacy during the information gathering stage. Black consumers opined that in this regard, it is the role of the financial planner to both ascertain and ensure their clients’ financial literacy, and to offer financial education to ensure client understanding. vii Although the premise of the study is that South African consumers have unique financial needs due to the high degree of diversity among the population, it was the opinion of CFP® professionals that Black consumers, in particular, do not have unique financial needs – instead, they define their needs differently, have different exposures to financial resources to address their financial needs, and also prioritise and satisfy their needs differently. The prioritised financial needs of Black households (sub-themes) that emerged from both participant groups include the need to make provision for black tax, estate planning, funerals, and property ownership. Black household participants mentioned (to a greater extent than CFP® professionals did) the need to make provision for lobola and initiation schools, as these form part of several traditional ceremonies. The need to make provision for a family home was mentioned by Black household participants but not by CFP® professionals. It was discovered from Black household participants that stokvels are the most common micro-finance tool used by Black consumers, for various reasons. In fact for some, stokvels are preferred over formal financial products because they perceive that they yield a higher return, and others use them successfully to supplement their current provisions. These findings (among others) were incorporated into the reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process which is presented in this study. This study has made a contribution to the financial planning body of knowledge by presenting a reconceptualised perspective of the six-step financial planning process, and providing new knowledge on each of the associated six steps and their suitability in a South African context. This study also provides justification and evidence for the inclusion of aspects within the sixstep financial planning process that enhance the understanding of cultural diversity and needs of Black households in particular. Justification has also been provided for the inclusion of cultural aspects and diverse needs of Black consumers the in the academic curriculum of FPI and FSCA recognised qualifications, as well as the facilitation and learning outcomes of business and product-specific training that FSPs are required to provide to their representatives. The study findings also have implications for the development of the academic curriculum and assessment materials for CFP® professionals by recognised education providers, the FSCA regulatory examination, and the FPI professional competency examination. In addition, the study has provided evidence for the need to develop financial products, or customise existing financial products, that address the viii needs of Black households – especially culture-specific financial needs such as black tax, lobola and funding for initiation schools. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A risk management model for commercial property development and investment in Ghana
- Authors: Asianoah, Rexford Kofi
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Risk management , Commercial real estate , Investment -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60493 , vital:65633
- Description: Commercial property development and investment provide many benefits to individuals and governments around the globe; these include the generation of income for investors, employment, tax revenues, and contributions to a country‘s GDP. Yet commercial property development and investment projects involve construction, economic and management risks. A lack of effective risk assessment and management tools may lead to developers and investors incurring losses. To curtail such losses, this study sought to create a credible management model that can be used to assess and manage risks in Ghana‘s commercial property development and investment industry. An extensive literature review was done, covering all 12 identified study constructs: real estate trends and cycle, construction project management, outside advice/mentorship, spatial development, strategic factors, business management skills, PMBOK, PESTEL analysis, general management skills, governance structures, financial feasibility, professional feasibility, and risk management. Each construct was defined and operationalised. A positivistic philosophical approach was used, and quantitative approach was used to solicit data from the main respondents through the distribution of questionnaires to the target population sample. CB-SEM and SPSS version 24 were used to analyse data, SEM to test the positive relationships hypothesised between the identified variables and SPSS to analyse the demographic data. The major findings are that there is a lack of financial and professional feasibility analysis among respondents along the following factors: the PMBOK, real estate trends and cycles, general management, business management, strategic factors, spatial development, and PESTEL analysis. It was found that these factors have positive and favourable influences on CPDI projects. The study recommends that developers and investors do financial and professional feasibility studies before they embark on projects. This could improve project viability in commercial property development and investment. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge in CPDI sector by developing a new risk assessment/risk management model. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering Built Environment and Technology, School of the built Environment, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Asianoah, Rexford Kofi
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Risk management , Commercial real estate , Investment -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60493 , vital:65633
- Description: Commercial property development and investment provide many benefits to individuals and governments around the globe; these include the generation of income for investors, employment, tax revenues, and contributions to a country‘s GDP. Yet commercial property development and investment projects involve construction, economic and management risks. A lack of effective risk assessment and management tools may lead to developers and investors incurring losses. To curtail such losses, this study sought to create a credible management model that can be used to assess and manage risks in Ghana‘s commercial property development and investment industry. An extensive literature review was done, covering all 12 identified study constructs: real estate trends and cycle, construction project management, outside advice/mentorship, spatial development, strategic factors, business management skills, PMBOK, PESTEL analysis, general management skills, governance structures, financial feasibility, professional feasibility, and risk management. Each construct was defined and operationalised. A positivistic philosophical approach was used, and quantitative approach was used to solicit data from the main respondents through the distribution of questionnaires to the target population sample. CB-SEM and SPSS version 24 were used to analyse data, SEM to test the positive relationships hypothesised between the identified variables and SPSS to analyse the demographic data. The major findings are that there is a lack of financial and professional feasibility analysis among respondents along the following factors: the PMBOK, real estate trends and cycles, general management, business management, strategic factors, spatial development, and PESTEL analysis. It was found that these factors have positive and favourable influences on CPDI projects. The study recommends that developers and investors do financial and professional feasibility studies before they embark on projects. This could improve project viability in commercial property development and investment. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge in CPDI sector by developing a new risk assessment/risk management model. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering Built Environment and Technology, School of the built Environment, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
A strategic turnaround model for distressed properties
- Authors: Pitsiladi, Lesvokli N
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Reorganization , Distressed properties
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60467 , vital:65603
- Description: The importance of commercial real estate is clearly shown by the role it plays, worldwide, in the sustainability of economic activities, with a substantial global impact when measured in monetary terms. This study responds to an important gap in the built environment and turnaround literature relating to the likelihood of a successful distressed commercial property financial recovery. The present research effort addressed the absence of empirical evidence by identifying a number of important factors that influence the likelihood of a successful distressed, commercial property financial recovery. Once the important factors that increase the likelihood of recovery have been determined, the results can be used as a basis for turnaround strategies concerning property investors who invest in distressed opportunities. A theoretical turnaround model concerning properties in distress, would be of interest to ‘opportunistic investing’ yield-hungry investors targeting real estate transactions involving ‘turnaround’ potential. Against this background, the main research problem investigated in the present research effort was as follows: Determine the important factors that would increase the likelihood of a successful distressed commercial property financial recovery. A proposed theoretical model was constructed and empirically tested through a questionnaire distributed physically and electronically to a sample of real estate practitioners from across the globe, and who had all been involved, directly or indirectly, with reviving distressed properties. An explanation was provided to respondents of how the questionnaire was developed and how it would be administered. The demographic information pertaining to the 391 respondents was analysed and summarised. The statistical analysis performed to ensure the validity and reliability of the results, was explained to respondents, together with a detailed description of the covariance structural equation modelling method used to verify the proposed theoretical conceptual model. vi The independent variables of the present research effort comprised; Obsolescence Identification, Capital Improvements Feasibility, Tenant Mix, Triple Net Leases, Concessions, Property Management, Contracts, Business Analysis, Debt Renegotiation, Cost-Cutting, Market Analysis, Strategic Planning and Demography, while the dependent variable was The Perceived Likelihood of a Distressed Commercial Property Financial Recovery. After analysis of the findings, a revised model was then proposed and assessed. Both validity and reliability were assessed and resulted in the following factors that potentially influence the dependent variables; Strategy, Concessions, Tenant Mix, Debt Restructuring, Demography, Analyse Alternatives, Capital Improvements Feasibility, Property Management and Net Leases while, after analysis, the dependent variable was replaced by two dependent variables; The Likelihood of a Distressed Property Turnaround and The Likelihood of a Distressed Property Financial Recovery. The results showed that Strategy (comprising of items from Strategic Planning, Business Analysis, Obsolescence Identification and Property Management) and Concessions (comprising of items from Concessions and Triple Net Leases) had a positive influence on both the dependent variables. Property Management (comprising of items from Business Analysis, Property Management, Capital Improvements Feasibility and Tenant Mix) had a positive influence on Financial Turnaround variable while Capital Improvements Feasibility (comprising of items from Capital Improvements Feasibility, Obsolescence Identification and Property Management) had a negative influence on both. Demography (comprising of items only from Demography) had a negative influence on the Financial Recovery variable. The balance of the relationships were depicted as non-significant. The present research effort presents important actions that can be used to influence the turnaround and recovery of distressed real estate. The literature had indicated reasons to recover distressed properties as having wide-ranging economic consequences for the broader communities and the countries in which they reside. The turnaround of distressed properties will not only present financial rewards for opportunistic investors but will have positive effects on the greater community and economy and, thus, social and economic stability. Vii With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, issues with climate change and sustainability, global demographic shifts, changing user requirements, shifts in technology, the threat of obsolescence, urbanisation, globalisation, geo-political tensions, shifting global order, new trends and different generational expectations, it is becoming more apparent that the threat of distressed, abandoned and derelict properties is here to stay, and which will present future opportunities for turnaround, distressed property owners, as well as future worries for urban authorities and municipalities dealing with urban decay. The study concluded with an examination of the perceived limitations of the study as well as presenting a comprehensive range of suggestions for further research. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, School of the built Environment, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Pitsiladi, Lesvokli N
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Reorganization , Distressed properties
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60467 , vital:65603
- Description: The importance of commercial real estate is clearly shown by the role it plays, worldwide, in the sustainability of economic activities, with a substantial global impact when measured in monetary terms. This study responds to an important gap in the built environment and turnaround literature relating to the likelihood of a successful distressed commercial property financial recovery. The present research effort addressed the absence of empirical evidence by identifying a number of important factors that influence the likelihood of a successful distressed, commercial property financial recovery. Once the important factors that increase the likelihood of recovery have been determined, the results can be used as a basis for turnaround strategies concerning property investors who invest in distressed opportunities. A theoretical turnaround model concerning properties in distress, would be of interest to ‘opportunistic investing’ yield-hungry investors targeting real estate transactions involving ‘turnaround’ potential. Against this background, the main research problem investigated in the present research effort was as follows: Determine the important factors that would increase the likelihood of a successful distressed commercial property financial recovery. A proposed theoretical model was constructed and empirically tested through a questionnaire distributed physically and electronically to a sample of real estate practitioners from across the globe, and who had all been involved, directly or indirectly, with reviving distressed properties. An explanation was provided to respondents of how the questionnaire was developed and how it would be administered. The demographic information pertaining to the 391 respondents was analysed and summarised. The statistical analysis performed to ensure the validity and reliability of the results, was explained to respondents, together with a detailed description of the covariance structural equation modelling method used to verify the proposed theoretical conceptual model. vi The independent variables of the present research effort comprised; Obsolescence Identification, Capital Improvements Feasibility, Tenant Mix, Triple Net Leases, Concessions, Property Management, Contracts, Business Analysis, Debt Renegotiation, Cost-Cutting, Market Analysis, Strategic Planning and Demography, while the dependent variable was The Perceived Likelihood of a Distressed Commercial Property Financial Recovery. After analysis of the findings, a revised model was then proposed and assessed. Both validity and reliability were assessed and resulted in the following factors that potentially influence the dependent variables; Strategy, Concessions, Tenant Mix, Debt Restructuring, Demography, Analyse Alternatives, Capital Improvements Feasibility, Property Management and Net Leases while, after analysis, the dependent variable was replaced by two dependent variables; The Likelihood of a Distressed Property Turnaround and The Likelihood of a Distressed Property Financial Recovery. The results showed that Strategy (comprising of items from Strategic Planning, Business Analysis, Obsolescence Identification and Property Management) and Concessions (comprising of items from Concessions and Triple Net Leases) had a positive influence on both the dependent variables. Property Management (comprising of items from Business Analysis, Property Management, Capital Improvements Feasibility and Tenant Mix) had a positive influence on Financial Turnaround variable while Capital Improvements Feasibility (comprising of items from Capital Improvements Feasibility, Obsolescence Identification and Property Management) had a negative influence on both. Demography (comprising of items only from Demography) had a negative influence on the Financial Recovery variable. The balance of the relationships were depicted as non-significant. The present research effort presents important actions that can be used to influence the turnaround and recovery of distressed real estate. The literature had indicated reasons to recover distressed properties as having wide-ranging economic consequences for the broader communities and the countries in which they reside. The turnaround of distressed properties will not only present financial rewards for opportunistic investors but will have positive effects on the greater community and economy and, thus, social and economic stability. Vii With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, issues with climate change and sustainability, global demographic shifts, changing user requirements, shifts in technology, the threat of obsolescence, urbanisation, globalisation, geo-political tensions, shifting global order, new trends and different generational expectations, it is becoming more apparent that the threat of distressed, abandoned and derelict properties is here to stay, and which will present future opportunities for turnaround, distressed property owners, as well as future worries for urban authorities and municipalities dealing with urban decay. The study concluded with an examination of the perceived limitations of the study as well as presenting a comprehensive range of suggestions for further research. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, School of the built Environment, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04