Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) peel powder meal on growth performance, gut integrity, haemato-biochemical indices, meat, and bone quality of broiler chickens
- Akuru, Eunice Amaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0247
- Authors: Akuru, Eunice Amaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0247
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) , Meat -- Quality
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23611 , vital:58218
- Description: The objective of the current study was to investigate the overall response of broiler birds to varying dietary levels of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) peel powder meal (PPPM). A total of 432-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into six experimental groups of four replications with 18 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The birds were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets designated as: T1-control diet with 0percent additives (negative control; NEGCON); T2- control diet supplemented with α-tocopherol acetate at 200g per ton (positive control; POSCON): T3, T4, T5 and T6-control diet supplemented with 2, 4, 6 and 8g/kg PPPM (PPPM2, PPPM4, PPPM6, PPPM8). The phytochemical, nutritional and antioxidant properties of the pomegranate peel powder were determined. Results showed that the South African-grown pomegranate peel (“Wonderful” variety) had rich protein and trace mineral contents. Higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant and hepatic anti-lipid peroxidative activities were recorded in the ethanol and acetone extracts than the water extract, whereas the three extracts had no toxic effects on liver and kidney cells (p > 0.05). The dietary effects of PPPM supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, carcass, and organ weight indices of Cobb 500 birds were determined. The POSCON diet enhanced (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) at week 3. The average final body weight and average daily weight gain were highest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM2 and PPPM4 diets, whereas birds fed PPPM2 diet had enhanced (p < 0.05) FCR and protein efficiency ratio when compared with birds on POSCON. Thigh and breast weights were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on PPPM4 and PPPM8 diets, whereas birds fed PPPM4 diet had enhanced (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility compared with those on POSCON. The antioxidant status and breast meat quality of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed diets supplemented with PPPM were determined. Meat from birds fed PPPM8 diet had the highest (p < 0.05) thawing loss, while cooking loss was lowest (p < 0.05) in the PPPM2 group. The highest (p < 0.05) ability to scavenge ABTS [(2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid))] radical cation (ABTS+) was recorded in the PPPM2 and PPPM4 meat while PPPM8 meat had increased (p < 0.05) catalase activity. The fatty acid composition, oxidative status, and drip loss in breast meat of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed graded levels of PPPM was determined. Meat from birds fed PPPM4 diet had the lowest (p < 0.05) margaric (C17:0) and arachidic (C20:0) acids, while meat from birds fed PPPM8 diet had higher (p < 0.05) levels of eicosadenoic (C20:2, n-6) and arachidonic (AA, 20:4) acids. The POSCON had higher (p < 0.05) ability to reduce TBARS levels in meat on day-1 and day-16 of storage than the NEGCON and PPPM diets, whereas TBARS levels were lowest (p < 0.05) in PPPM6 meat on day-16. The gut pH, histology, haematology, serum-biochemical indices, and bone quality parameters of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed diets supplemented with PPPM was determined. Birds fed POSCON, PPM2 and PPPM4 diets had the lowest (p < 0.05) pH in the duodenum, jejunum, and caecum, whereas duodenal pH values were lowest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM2 and PPPM4 diets compared with birds on NEGCON. Birds fed PPPM4 diet had the highest (p < 0.01) duodenal, jejunal and ileal villi height (VH), and the highest (p < 0.01) VH to crypt depth (CD) ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The lowest (p < 0.05) CD in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was also recorded in birds fed PPPM4 diet. Birds fed PPPM8 diet had higher (p < 0.05) values for white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume, whereas the lowest (p < 0.05) concentration of serum aspartate transaminase was recorded in birds fed PPPM4 diet. Birds on PPM4 diet had longer (p < 0.05) bones. Bone weight and bone breaking strength were highest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM8 diet. Tibia zinc and iron concentrations increased as the inclusion levels of pomegranate peel powder meal increased. It was concluded that broiler birds require 4 g/kg pomegranate peel powder for enhanced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut histology, quality, and antioxidant enzyme activity of meat, whereas 8 g/kg pomegranate peel powder meal supplementation is required for enhanced heamato-biochemical indices, bone quality, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidative parameters in broiler birds. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Akuru, Eunice Amaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0247
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) , Meat -- Quality
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23611 , vital:58218
- Description: The objective of the current study was to investigate the overall response of broiler birds to varying dietary levels of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) peel powder meal (PPPM). A total of 432-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into six experimental groups of four replications with 18 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The birds were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets designated as: T1-control diet with 0percent additives (negative control; NEGCON); T2- control diet supplemented with α-tocopherol acetate at 200g per ton (positive control; POSCON): T3, T4, T5 and T6-control diet supplemented with 2, 4, 6 and 8g/kg PPPM (PPPM2, PPPM4, PPPM6, PPPM8). The phytochemical, nutritional and antioxidant properties of the pomegranate peel powder were determined. Results showed that the South African-grown pomegranate peel (“Wonderful” variety) had rich protein and trace mineral contents. Higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant and hepatic anti-lipid peroxidative activities were recorded in the ethanol and acetone extracts than the water extract, whereas the three extracts had no toxic effects on liver and kidney cells (p > 0.05). The dietary effects of PPPM supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, carcass, and organ weight indices of Cobb 500 birds were determined. The POSCON diet enhanced (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) at week 3. The average final body weight and average daily weight gain were highest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM2 and PPPM4 diets, whereas birds fed PPPM2 diet had enhanced (p < 0.05) FCR and protein efficiency ratio when compared with birds on POSCON. Thigh and breast weights were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on PPPM4 and PPPM8 diets, whereas birds fed PPPM4 diet had enhanced (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility compared with those on POSCON. The antioxidant status and breast meat quality of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed diets supplemented with PPPM were determined. Meat from birds fed PPPM8 diet had the highest (p < 0.05) thawing loss, while cooking loss was lowest (p < 0.05) in the PPPM2 group. The highest (p < 0.05) ability to scavenge ABTS [(2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid))] radical cation (ABTS+) was recorded in the PPPM2 and PPPM4 meat while PPPM8 meat had increased (p < 0.05) catalase activity. The fatty acid composition, oxidative status, and drip loss in breast meat of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed graded levels of PPPM was determined. Meat from birds fed PPPM4 diet had the lowest (p < 0.05) margaric (C17:0) and arachidic (C20:0) acids, while meat from birds fed PPPM8 diet had higher (p < 0.05) levels of eicosadenoic (C20:2, n-6) and arachidonic (AA, 20:4) acids. The POSCON had higher (p < 0.05) ability to reduce TBARS levels in meat on day-1 and day-16 of storage than the NEGCON and PPPM diets, whereas TBARS levels were lowest (p < 0.05) in PPPM6 meat on day-16. The gut pH, histology, haematology, serum-biochemical indices, and bone quality parameters of Cobb 500 broiler birds fed diets supplemented with PPPM was determined. Birds fed POSCON, PPM2 and PPPM4 diets had the lowest (p < 0.05) pH in the duodenum, jejunum, and caecum, whereas duodenal pH values were lowest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM2 and PPPM4 diets compared with birds on NEGCON. Birds fed PPPM4 diet had the highest (p < 0.01) duodenal, jejunal and ileal villi height (VH), and the highest (p < 0.01) VH to crypt depth (CD) ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The lowest (p < 0.05) CD in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was also recorded in birds fed PPPM4 diet. Birds fed PPPM8 diet had higher (p < 0.05) values for white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume, whereas the lowest (p < 0.05) concentration of serum aspartate transaminase was recorded in birds fed PPPM4 diet. Birds on PPM4 diet had longer (p < 0.05) bones. Bone weight and bone breaking strength were highest (p < 0.05) in birds fed PPPM8 diet. Tibia zinc and iron concentrations increased as the inclusion levels of pomegranate peel powder meal increased. It was concluded that broiler birds require 4 g/kg pomegranate peel powder for enhanced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut histology, quality, and antioxidant enzyme activity of meat, whereas 8 g/kg pomegranate peel powder meal supplementation is required for enhanced heamato-biochemical indices, bone quality, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidative parameters in broiler birds. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Production performance, socioeconomic benefits, and agricultural extension services support of scavenging chicken farmers in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
- Fentele, Ziphozethu https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-7939-2964
- Authors: Fentele, Ziphozethu https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-7939-2964
- Date: 2021-03
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) , Poultry -- Breeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21490 , vital:48751
- Description: Scavenging chicken production plays a significant role in the lives of rural farmers as it ensures food security by providing eggs and meat to rural farmers almost in all developing nations. Rural farmers not only consume scavenging chickens, they also sell live chickens to customers to generate immediate income and are able to acquire other products using the money from the sales. The purpose of this study was to investigate production performance, socioeconomic benefits, and agricultural extension services support for scavenging chicken producers. The study was carried out in eight villages in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This study employed the multistage sampling technique for data collection from respondents between October and November 2018. The study used descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages and multiple linear regression models to analyse quantitative data that was collected from a survey of 161 rural farmers that rear scavenging chickens. The results reveal that the majority (68.3percent) of the respondents in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality were women, while 52percent were married. Forty-eight percent of the respondents had attained high school education. The majority (53.4percent) relied on social grants and a further majority (68.3percent) had 1 to 10 years of experience in scavenging chicken production. The majority (84.5percent) of the households had between 1 and 50 chickens, with an overwhelming majority (95percent) practising free range system. Most (74.5percent) of the chicken houses were built with scrap material found within the community. The supplementary feed that was mostly offered to scavenging chickens was maize. The majority (95.7percent) of respondents experienced disease outbreaks, the most dominant of which was the Newcastle disease. Most (94.4percent) of the farmers offered a variety of indigenous medicines, mainly Aloe Ferrox. In addition, the majority (88.8percent) of the respondents experienced predation challenges The primary purpose of rearing scavenging chickens was consumption. Chickens were slaughtered for home consumption while forty-two percent at most. Most (50.9percent) of the respondents indicated that they offered chickens as gifts and as friendly gestures. The majority (82.0percent) indicated that they did not use chicken for any cultural rituals. A large (88.2percent) number of the respondents felt food secured as a result of rearing scavenging chickens, as they access products such as eggs and meat. The majority (98.8percent) of the respondents had never received any form of training from agricultural extension services. The results of the multiple linear regression model revealed that independent variables such as number of chickens, type of cockerels, number of hens, type of housing, type of training and cost of trainings had strong statistical significant values (p<0.001) zero-order correlation with production performance,while age and gender had statistical significant values at (p<0.05) and (p<0.010). For the improvement of the production performance of scavenging chicken production of rural farmers, the study recommends massive campaign among the farmers by agricultural extension services to create awareness on the dangers inherent in the use of unorthodox approaches to treating pests and diseases in scavenging chicken. Scavenging chicken farmers could be supported with simple technologies that are affordable on housing, medication and feed supplements. Training should focus on housing, disease management and feeding of scavenging chickens. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-03
- Authors: Fentele, Ziphozethu https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-7939-2964
- Date: 2021-03
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) , Poultry -- Breeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21490 , vital:48751
- Description: Scavenging chicken production plays a significant role in the lives of rural farmers as it ensures food security by providing eggs and meat to rural farmers almost in all developing nations. Rural farmers not only consume scavenging chickens, they also sell live chickens to customers to generate immediate income and are able to acquire other products using the money from the sales. The purpose of this study was to investigate production performance, socioeconomic benefits, and agricultural extension services support for scavenging chicken producers. The study was carried out in eight villages in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This study employed the multistage sampling technique for data collection from respondents between October and November 2018. The study used descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages and multiple linear regression models to analyse quantitative data that was collected from a survey of 161 rural farmers that rear scavenging chickens. The results reveal that the majority (68.3percent) of the respondents in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality were women, while 52percent were married. Forty-eight percent of the respondents had attained high school education. The majority (53.4percent) relied on social grants and a further majority (68.3percent) had 1 to 10 years of experience in scavenging chicken production. The majority (84.5percent) of the households had between 1 and 50 chickens, with an overwhelming majority (95percent) practising free range system. Most (74.5percent) of the chicken houses were built with scrap material found within the community. The supplementary feed that was mostly offered to scavenging chickens was maize. The majority (95.7percent) of respondents experienced disease outbreaks, the most dominant of which was the Newcastle disease. Most (94.4percent) of the farmers offered a variety of indigenous medicines, mainly Aloe Ferrox. In addition, the majority (88.8percent) of the respondents experienced predation challenges The primary purpose of rearing scavenging chickens was consumption. Chickens were slaughtered for home consumption while forty-two percent at most. Most (50.9percent) of the respondents indicated that they offered chickens as gifts and as friendly gestures. The majority (82.0percent) indicated that they did not use chicken for any cultural rituals. A large (88.2percent) number of the respondents felt food secured as a result of rearing scavenging chickens, as they access products such as eggs and meat. The majority (98.8percent) of the respondents had never received any form of training from agricultural extension services. The results of the multiple linear regression model revealed that independent variables such as number of chickens, type of cockerels, number of hens, type of housing, type of training and cost of trainings had strong statistical significant values (p<0.001) zero-order correlation with production performance,while age and gender had statistical significant values at (p<0.05) and (p<0.010). For the improvement of the production performance of scavenging chicken production of rural farmers, the study recommends massive campaign among the farmers by agricultural extension services to create awareness on the dangers inherent in the use of unorthodox approaches to treating pests and diseases in scavenging chicken. Scavenging chicken farmers could be supported with simple technologies that are affordable on housing, medication and feed supplements. Training should focus on housing, disease management and feeding of scavenging chickens. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-03
Effect of different fat levels and Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) inclusion on proximate composition, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation, and sensory attributes of chicken droëwors
- Authors: Tembela, Nelisiwe
- Date: 2020-11
- Subjects: Moringa oleifera , Meat--Quality , Broilers (Chickens)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20893 , vital:46709
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different fat levels and Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) inclusion on sensory attributes (aroma, meat flavour, spicy flavour, texture, colour, and saltiness), lipid oxidation, proximate composition, and fatty acid (FA) profile of chicken droëwors. Firstly, sensory attributes of chicken droëwors with different levels of fat and that of Moringa oleifera leaf meal were determined. In the second experiment, the effect of different fat and MLM inclusion levels on lipid oxidation during drying and storage, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile were also determined. A forty randomly selected consumers of different gender and age were used as the sensory panel. 75 percent of lean chicken meat and 25 percent of chicken fat was used during droëwors preparation. Thereafter, 9 treatments of chicken droëwors were produced, with MLM included either at 0 percent, 0.25 percent, 0.5 percent, and fat included at 10 percent and 15 percent. For fatty acid profile, the total lipid from dry sausage of all treatments was quantitatively extracted using chloroform and methanol in a ratio of 2:1. Lipid oxidation was measured by analyzing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at intervals during drying (0, 0.25, 0.5, 72h) and after 7 days of storage under ambient conditions. The results showed that consumers like the chicken droëwors when 0.5 percent MLM added to the product. The inclusion of MLM in chicken droëwors had a positive effect on consumer sensory. The results of the study demonstrated that chicken droëwors contained a significantly higher percentage (P<0.05) of C18:1c9 (Oleic) (30.95 to 32.65 percent) acid than other fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were all non-significant (P˃0.05) except for Docosahexanoic, which was observed to be significant (P˂ 0.05) in all treatments except T1. There was no significance (P> 0.05) in mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), except for Elaidic, vaccenic, linoleic, y-linoleic, erucic, and arachidonic. Lipid oxidation occurred more rapidly (P<0.05) when MLM was not added. During processing and storage, TBARS were higher (P< 0.05) in chicken droewors. TBARS during storage were lower (P>0.05) with MLM added. Results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in proximate composition of chicken droëwors, containing on average 16.93±1.29 to 10.79± 1.83/ 100 g moisture, 45.80± 1.65 to 67.56± 2.33/ 100 g protein, 14.37± 2.15 to 26.13± 2.15/100 g ash. The current study resultsgave a summary of the composition of chicken droëwors and showed higher susceptibility to lipid oxidation in chicken droewors. Therefore, Moringa oleifera leaf powder showed antioxidant activity in chicken droëwors, reserved lipid oxidation in the product. In conclusion, MLM could be used as a functional antioxidant preservative in chicken droëwors. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-11
- Authors: Tembela, Nelisiwe
- Date: 2020-11
- Subjects: Moringa oleifera , Meat--Quality , Broilers (Chickens)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20893 , vital:46709
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different fat levels and Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) inclusion on sensory attributes (aroma, meat flavour, spicy flavour, texture, colour, and saltiness), lipid oxidation, proximate composition, and fatty acid (FA) profile of chicken droëwors. Firstly, sensory attributes of chicken droëwors with different levels of fat and that of Moringa oleifera leaf meal were determined. In the second experiment, the effect of different fat and MLM inclusion levels on lipid oxidation during drying and storage, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile were also determined. A forty randomly selected consumers of different gender and age were used as the sensory panel. 75 percent of lean chicken meat and 25 percent of chicken fat was used during droëwors preparation. Thereafter, 9 treatments of chicken droëwors were produced, with MLM included either at 0 percent, 0.25 percent, 0.5 percent, and fat included at 10 percent and 15 percent. For fatty acid profile, the total lipid from dry sausage of all treatments was quantitatively extracted using chloroform and methanol in a ratio of 2:1. Lipid oxidation was measured by analyzing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at intervals during drying (0, 0.25, 0.5, 72h) and after 7 days of storage under ambient conditions. The results showed that consumers like the chicken droëwors when 0.5 percent MLM added to the product. The inclusion of MLM in chicken droëwors had a positive effect on consumer sensory. The results of the study demonstrated that chicken droëwors contained a significantly higher percentage (P<0.05) of C18:1c9 (Oleic) (30.95 to 32.65 percent) acid than other fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were all non-significant (P˃0.05) except for Docosahexanoic, which was observed to be significant (P˂ 0.05) in all treatments except T1. There was no significance (P> 0.05) in mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), except for Elaidic, vaccenic, linoleic, y-linoleic, erucic, and arachidonic. Lipid oxidation occurred more rapidly (P<0.05) when MLM was not added. During processing and storage, TBARS were higher (P< 0.05) in chicken droewors. TBARS during storage were lower (P>0.05) with MLM added. Results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in proximate composition of chicken droëwors, containing on average 16.93±1.29 to 10.79± 1.83/ 100 g moisture, 45.80± 1.65 to 67.56± 2.33/ 100 g protein, 14.37± 2.15 to 26.13± 2.15/100 g ash. The current study resultsgave a summary of the composition of chicken droëwors and showed higher susceptibility to lipid oxidation in chicken droewors. Therefore, Moringa oleifera leaf powder showed antioxidant activity in chicken droëwors, reserved lipid oxidation in the product. In conclusion, MLM could be used as a functional antioxidant preservative in chicken droëwors. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-11
Effect of Mucuna pruriens based-diets on fatty acids composition and sensory attributes of meat from broiler chickens
- Authors: Makhamba, Nasiphi
- Date: 2020-11
- Subjects: Fatty acids , Broilers (Chickens)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20771 , vital:46554
- Description: The current study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding different inclusion levels of processed Mucuna pruriens on fatty acid composition and sensory attributes of broiler chickens. 120 Cob500 broilers were used in the experiment. The experiment was divided into 4 treatment (0, 10, 15 and 20 percent of Mucuna pruriens) groups, each treatment with 6 replicates (5 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design. The first treatment (0 percent) was used as control against the three different levels of Mucuna pruriens. The birds were reared in a deep litter system until they reached slaughter weight of 2kg. At day 42 a total of 80 birds were slaughtered and breast muscles were sampled for the evaluation of sensory attributes and fatty acid composition. For sensory evaluation meat samples were prepared and boiled at 80°C until the internal temperature reached 82°C, 40 consumers were used to assess the meat samples and give scores according to 9-point hedonic scale. The fatty acid content was determined and recorded using the gas chromatography. Total saturated fatty acid (SFA), total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of the breast meat were not affected by diets. Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid were also not influenced by treatment diets. However, breast muscle from broilers fed 20 percent Mucuna pruriens seed meal inclusion had lower Myristic acid. The sensory attributes; aroma, colour, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and acceptability were assessed, dietary treatments affected the juiciness, tenderness and acceptability of meat, the treatments showed no significant difference on colour, aroma and flavour. Different age groups accepted the meat differently, the respondents that were between 18 and 22 years old gave the highest scores to the acceptability of meat than the other age groups, and different age groups also gave different scores in the aroma of meat. Females and males accepted the meat differently, the female respondents gave higher scores on the flavour of meat than males. Different inclusion levels of Mucuna pruriens positively affected fatty acid composition and sensory attributes of broiler chickens without causing any detrimental effects. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-11
- Authors: Makhamba, Nasiphi
- Date: 2020-11
- Subjects: Fatty acids , Broilers (Chickens)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20771 , vital:46554
- Description: The current study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding different inclusion levels of processed Mucuna pruriens on fatty acid composition and sensory attributes of broiler chickens. 120 Cob500 broilers were used in the experiment. The experiment was divided into 4 treatment (0, 10, 15 and 20 percent of Mucuna pruriens) groups, each treatment with 6 replicates (5 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design. The first treatment (0 percent) was used as control against the three different levels of Mucuna pruriens. The birds were reared in a deep litter system until they reached slaughter weight of 2kg. At day 42 a total of 80 birds were slaughtered and breast muscles were sampled for the evaluation of sensory attributes and fatty acid composition. For sensory evaluation meat samples were prepared and boiled at 80°C until the internal temperature reached 82°C, 40 consumers were used to assess the meat samples and give scores according to 9-point hedonic scale. The fatty acid content was determined and recorded using the gas chromatography. Total saturated fatty acid (SFA), total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of the breast meat were not affected by diets. Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid were also not influenced by treatment diets. However, breast muscle from broilers fed 20 percent Mucuna pruriens seed meal inclusion had lower Myristic acid. The sensory attributes; aroma, colour, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and acceptability were assessed, dietary treatments affected the juiciness, tenderness and acceptability of meat, the treatments showed no significant difference on colour, aroma and flavour. Different age groups accepted the meat differently, the respondents that were between 18 and 22 years old gave the highest scores to the acceptability of meat than the other age groups, and different age groups also gave different scores in the aroma of meat. Females and males accepted the meat differently, the female respondents gave higher scores on the flavour of meat than males. Different inclusion levels of Mucuna pruriens positively affected fatty acid composition and sensory attributes of broiler chickens without causing any detrimental effects. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-11
- «
- ‹
- 1
- ›
- »