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Promoting leader integrity through the human resource management value chain

  • Authors: De Villiers, Bridget
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Leadership -- South Africa , Leadership -- South Africa -- Moral and ethical aspects Business ethics Professional ethics Personnel management
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50469 , vital:42197
  • Description: Ethical breaches in the public and private sector in South Africa are prevalent and the effects thereof pervasive on the economy and within broader society. These ethical breaches include corruption, bribery, and the mismanagement of resources and may be attributed to poor decision-making on the part of organisational leaders. The complexity of the circumstances in which organisations operate in the 21st century requires that leaders effectively navigate moral dilemmas while considering the broad range of interests represented by many organisational stakeholders. Leaders need to act in a manner that is ethically sound to avoid the negative consequences associated with unethical organisational conduct, including a loss of profit, credibility and reputation. Ethical leadership is central to moral organisational governance, as compliance with rules and regulations alone is ineffective in building and sustaining an ethical organisation. Literature points to the centrality of leader integrity to the notion of ethical leadership and that an ethical organisational culture is sustained by leaders who possess integrity. In promoting leader integrity studies highlight management interventions and organisational success factors that promote an ethical organisation. Within the context of this study these management interventions and success factors were identified as promoting leader integrity. Further, the literature identified the important role of leaders in supporting these interventions and creating the conditions necessary to foster the success factors. These management interventions are offered through and the success factors are linked to the human resource management value chain. The main aim of this study was to explore the promotion of leader integrity through the human resource management value chain in South African organisations. The main aim of the study led to the development of several theoretical and empirical sub-objectives that were addressed through the following actions: A literature study was conducted examining the nature of ethical leadership and leader integrity and included a consideration of the dark side of leadership. The literature was further examined in relation to the nature of an ethical organisation and organisational integrity, the role of the leader in promoting an ethical organisational culture, and regarding the management interventions and success factors that were seen to promote leader integrity. The insights gained from the literature review assisted in the compilation of a survey questionnaire, this being the Management Interventions and Success Factors Scale. This scale, together with an existing scale, The Perceived Leader Integrity Scale (version 1.2), were used in the empirical study to determine the perceptions of employees as to whether specific management interventions and success factors were seen to promote leader integrity, and the extent to which their managers were seen to act with integrity. These employees worked in the public and private sectors across South Africa, and a final sample size of 606 respondents was achieved. The empirical results of the study revealed that management interventions and success factors were seen to promote leader integrity. However, due to high levels of inconsistency in the responses received it was recommended that a clearer link needs to be created in terms of how the success factors and interventions promote leader integrity. The empirical study further revealed that South African leaders were seen to act with integrity, more especially not to engage in acts of extreme negative deviance such as theft or sabotage, but that there was room for improvement as there were employees who reported moderate and low levels of integrity among their managers. Together with the literature review the empirical study contributed towards the development of a model and a framework for the promotion of leader integrity across the HRM value chain. South African leaders have a crucial role to play in promoting not only the moral fibre of the organisations that they represent, but also in contributing positively to moral regeneration at both a national and a global level through effective and integrity-based organisational governance. This is achieved through adopting an integrated, strategic and holistic approach to the promotion of leader integrity as proposed in this study.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Promoting leader intergrity through the human resource management chain

  • Authors: De Villiers, Marie Bridget
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Leadersship --Moral and ethical Aspects -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49791 , vital:41801
  • Description: Ethical breaches in the public and private sector in South Africa are prevalent and the effects thereof pervasive on the economy and within broader society. These ethical breaches include corruption, bribery, and the mismanagement of resources and may be attributed to poor decision-making on the part of organisational leaders. The complexity of the circumstances in which organisations operate in the 21st century requires that leaders effectively navigate moral dilemmas while considering the broad range of interests represented by many organisational stakeholders. Leaders need to act in a manner that is ethically sound to avoid the negative consequences associated with unethical organisational conduct, including a loss of profit, credibility and reputation. Ethical leadership is central to moral organisational governance, as compliance with rules and regulations alone is ineffective in building and sustaining an ethical organisation. Literature points to the centrality of leader integrity to the notion of ethical leadership and that an ethical organisational culture is sustained by leaders who possess integrity. In promoting leader integrity studies highlight management interventions and organisational success factors that promote an ethical organisation. Within the context of this study these management interventions and success factors were identified as promoting leader integrity. Further, the literature identified the important role of leaders in supporting these interventions and creating the conditions necessary to foster the success factors. These management interventions are offered through and the success factors are linked to the human resource management value chain. The main aim of this study was to explore the promotion of leader integrity through the human resource management value chain in South African organisations. The main aim of the study led to the development of several theoretical and empirical sub-objectives that were addressed.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Prospects for the biological control of Iris pseudacorus L(Iridaceae)

  • Authors: Minuti, Gianmarco , Coetzee, Julie A , Ngxande-Koza, Samella W , Hill, Martin P , Stiers, Iris
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417776 , vital:71485 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2020.1853050"
  • Description: Native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia, Iris pseudacorus L. (Iridaceae) has invaded natural and human-modified wetlands worldwide. This species is considered a noxious weed in several countries including Argentina, South Africa and New Zealand. Its broad ecological tolerance, high resilience and reproductive potential make current mechanical and chemical control measures cost-ineffective, and biological control is considered a suitable alternative. In order to prioritise candidate biocontrol agents, a list of organisms reported to attack the plant within its native range has been assembled, and information about their host-range and damaging potential gathered from the literature. Furthermore, surveys for natural enemies of the plant were conducted in Belgium and northern Italy. The insect fauna associated with I. pseudacorus at the sites surveyed comprised mostly incidental visitors and polyphagous feeders, with the exception of the sawfly Rhadinoceraea micans Klug (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), the seed weevil Mononychus punctumalbum Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the flea beetle Aphthona nonstriata Goeze (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The potential of these species for biocontrol was evaluated, and A. nonstriata was given highest priority. A population of this species was imported to quarantine in South Africa, where it is currently undergoing host-specificity testing. Importation of the two remaining candidates is expected shortly. In conclusion, the prospects for the biological control of I. pseudacorus appear promising.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Protected and un-protected urban wetlands have similar aquatic macroinvertebrate communities: a case study from the Cape Flats Sand Fynbos region of southern Africa

  • Authors: Blanckenberg, Michelle , Mlambo, Musa C , Parker, Denham , Motitsoe, Samuel N
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149288 , vital:38822 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1371/journal.pone.0233889
  • Description: Rapid urbanisation has led to major landscape alterations, affecting aquatic ecosystems’ hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and biodiversity. Thus, habitat alteration is considered a major driver of aquatic biodiversity loss and related aquatic ecosystem goods and services. This study aimed to investigate and compare aquatic macroinvertebrate richness, diversity and community structure between urban temporary wetlands, located within protected and un-protected areas. The latter were found within an open public space or park with no protection or conservation status, whereas the former were inaccessible to the public and had formal protected, conservation status.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Provision of immediate postpartum contraception to women living with HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa; a cross‑sectional analysis

Psychological and emotional effects of repeated exposure to violent crimes on victims residing in a high crime community in Nelson Mandela Metropolitan in the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: De Klerk, Ulricha
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46413 , vital:39582
  • Description: Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). While the literature provides detailed and comprehensive approaches and counselling modalities to working with clients who experience traumatic events, there is not much evidence on the experiences of individuals who reside in high crime communities. It follows, that the psychological and emotional experiences, as well as needs of such individuals may present with specific requirements from the therapeutic alliance. This study aimed to explore the psychological and emotional effects of repeated exposure to high crime and violence and the implications this posed to traumatic experiences. The study further aimed to develop a set of guidelines that can be drawn upon when working therapeutically with clients who reside in high crime communities. The study draws on a qualitative methodology and 17 participants were interviewed. The transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and five themes were identified, relevant to the aims and objectives that were set. The findings suggest that the psychological and emotional experiences of individuals who reside in high crime communities, is experienced at a more heightened and prolonged period, thus making the psychotherapeutic intervention employed, more specific. To this effect, the guidelines developed provide specific strategies and approaches thatwere developed based on the themes identified and verified by a panel of psychological experts. The study contributes to the field of trauma, counselling and violence, in that it focuses on an area of trauma that has not been adequately focused on withinthe South African context, as well as in global contexts.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Psychological capital and work engagement of employees at a training academy

  • Authors: Jacobs, Carel-Theron
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Work environment -- Psychological aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48169 , vital:40517
  • Description: Having an engaged workforce gives an organisation a competitive advantage. Levels of work engagement are influenced by, amongst other factors, Psychological Capital (PsyCap). The main aim of this study is to determine the influence of PsyCap on the levels of work engagement of employees at a Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college. This study employed a descriptive quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional correlational design. A composite paper-and-pencil questionnaire was distributed to all employees at the TVET college. The questionnaire consisted of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and PsyCap Questionnaire (PCQ). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample (n =195). The relationship between the two variables was analysed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis predicted the value of engagement based on the value of PsyCap. The study confirms previous findings that indicate that PsyCap is positively related work engagement and that work engament can predict PsyCap.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Psychological capital as a moderator in the relationship between occupational stress and quality of work life among healthcare practitioners in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality

  • Authors: Umenze , Catherine Chetachukwu
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Job stress Human capital -- Psychological aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12536 , vital:39285
  • Description: The study investigated psychological capital as a moderator in the relationship between occupational stress and quality of work life. The study used the explanatory survey research design. The convenience and purposive types of the non-probability sampling method were used to sample 150 male and female healthcare practitioners who participated in the study. Validated questionnaires were used to elicit information from the study’s participants. Four hypotheses were stated and analysed using the inferential statistical approach. The research findings showed that there was a significant positive relationship between occupational stress and quality of work life; there was a significant positive relationship between psychological capital and quality of work life; and there was a significant moderating influence of psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and quality of work life. And finally, there was no significant relationship between psychological capital and occupational stress. There is need for managers to focus on the four dimensions of psychological capital to help minimise occupational stress and improve quality of work life of healthcare practitioners. Management was also advised to devise optimal methods to curb stress and strengthen the mental and physical abilities of the employees’ outcomes. Future research should endeavour to apply a longitudinal research design in investigating the extent to which psychological capital can predict occupational stress, and in understanding its influence in the quality of work life of employees. The future study can spread the investigation to other districts as this study was conducted in just one district, which is a foremost limitation of the study.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Psychological capital as a moderator of the relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee engagement at public hospital in the Eastern Cape, a South Africa

  • Authors: Skoti , Bulumko
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Employee motivation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18996 , vital:43006
  • Description: Employee engagement is an important characteristic that all organizations would be happy to have among all their employees. This is because employee engagement is linked with many desirable organisational outcomes such as job satisfaction, productivity, and employee retention. It is therefore extremely important for organisations to know how engagement among employees can be generated or enhanced, especially in the South African public health sector that is characterised by high levels of stress and labour turnover among its employees. The main objective of the present study was accordingly to explore (i) the role of intrinsic motivation and psychological capital as individual and combined predictors of employee engagement, and (ii) the role of psychological capital as a moderator of the relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee engagement. A quantitative approach was adopted and a structured self-administered questionnaire was used in data collection. Simple Linear Regression and Hierarchical Multiple Regression were used in hypothesis testing. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee engagement. Psychological capital was also found to be significantly positively related to employee engagement. Intrinsic motivation and psychological capital (combined) were found to account for a significantly higher proportion of variance in employee engagement than intrinsic motivation alone but they did not account for a significantly higher proportion of variance in employee engagement than psychological capital alone. The limitations of the study were highlighted and recommendations were made for future research directions. Recommendations were also made for the managerial and professional application of the results of the present study.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Psychological capital as a moderator of the relationship between workplace conflict and organisational citizenship behaviour among administrative staff at the University of Fort Hare

  • Authors: Motema, Boiketlo
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Organizational behavior Employees -- Attitudes Organizational effectiveness
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18565 , vital:42609
  • Description: This study investigated psychological capital (PsyCap) as a mediator of the relationship between workplace conflict (WC) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The study was based on equity theory as well as the social exchange theory. The sample encompassed of 151 administrative staff members from the University of Fort Hare (Alice, Bhisho and East London campuses) in the Eastern Cape Province. Argentero, Cortese, and Ferretti (2008) organisational citizenship behaviour questionnaire was employed to assess OCB; the Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale (ICAWS) was employed to assess workplace conflict; and Luthans, Avolio, Avey, and Norman’s (2007) psychological capital questionnaire by McGee (2011) was employed to assess psychological capital. In terms of data analysis, a descriptive analysis, correlational analysis together with simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression models were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The findings indicated a negative relationship between workplace conflict and organisational citizenship behaviour. Thus, for the purpose of enhancing extra-role behaviours amongst staff members, the management of the institution needs to ensure equitable compensation, rewards, and benefits amongst workers. This is vital because should the employees perceive that inequity exists, they will fight for fairness and justice, and if they are not heard, it will result in workplace conflict.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Psychologists’ perceptions of cultural competence in working with clients from diverse cultures in psychotherapy within the Nelson Mandela Bay area

  • Authors: Sdinane, Thembeka Gloria
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Cultural competence
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46453 , vital:39597
  • Description: There has beenanincreasedacknowledgement of the need for current psychological interventions to meet the needs of the diverse cultural contexts reflective of the SouthAfrican clients. As such, researchers began exploring, enhancing,and evaluating modelsof psychotherapy, applicable to the cultures of the diverse clients. To address disparities caused by Eurocentricepistemologies that fail to recognise the impact of culture on clients, the concept of cultural competence was introduced.While there is international literature available on cultural competence in psychotherapy, there is still a significant gap in South African literature.Consequently, this study explored psychologists’ perceptions of cultural competence when working with diverse clients in psychotherapy. A general exploratory qualitative approach informed this study. The qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Using a purposive sampling strategy, registered clinical and counselling psychologists who are in private practice were selected. A total of 6 participants were interviewed.The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the thematic analysis method was used to analyse data with aid from the Atlas.ti coding Software. Findings of this study are presented using the four identified themes i) Complexities of working with diverse cultures, ii) knowledge limitation hinders complete cultural competence, iii) Actions towards cultural competence and iv) The geographical context. The findings of this study suggest that the idea of complete cultural competence in psychological therapyis not plausible, given the nuances embedded within South African society. As such, the researcher suggests a move from cultural competence to cultural effectiveness as an alternative that could potentially create aplatform that bridges the gap between psychological science and the nuances posed by cultures.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Psychosocial well-being and the sexual behaviour of orphaned adolescent males in Bizana local municipality

  • Authors: Gqumani, Phumlani
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Teenage boys -- Psychology Youth -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc. Sci (Psychology)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18118 , vital:42234
  • Description: The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between the psychosocial wellbeing and the sexual behaviour of orphaned adolescent males. The rationale of the study was to determine out whether the relationship exists between psychosocial wellbeing of orphaned adolescent males and their sexual behaviour (e.g. multiple sexual partners, sexual debut, and unprotected sex). The sample size of the purposively selected participants constituted 201 participants from Grade 07 to Grade 12. The study took place from Bizana Local Municipality, Eastern Cape. The researcher used Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The descriptive analysis and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Some of the findings of the study included the following From the hypotheses I drink alcohol and I watch pornography and that is how I learned to have sex, it became apparent that adolescent males who drink alcohol, watched pornography. The alternative hypothesis was confirmed with 8.5% of adolescent males drink alcohol and watch pornography compared to 8.0% who do not drink alcohol but watch pornography. There was no relationship between the hypotheses, my friends are aggressive and commit crime and I started having sex at age 13-16 and 17-20 years as 31. 4% of adolescent males who started having sex at the age of 17-20 years, 1.9% have friends who were aggressive and commit crime compared to 2.9% who started having sex at the age of 13-16 years who have friends who were aggressive and commit crime. Based on the findings of the study, it became clear that some adolescent males are resilient despite their social status and the study may be recommended for future studies.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Quality by Design Optimization of Cold Sonochemical Synthesis of Zidovudine-Lamivudine Nanosuspensions:

  • Authors: Witika, Bwalya A , Smith, Vincent J , Walker, Roderick B
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148424 , vital:38738 , https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040367
  • Description: Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are antiviral agents used to manage HIV/AIDS infection. The compounds require frequent dosing, exhibit unpredictable bioavailability and a side effect profile that includes hepato- and haema-toxicity. A novel pseudo one-solvent bottom-up approach and Design of Experiments using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS 1000) to electrosterically stablize the nano co-crystals was used to develop, produce and optimize 3TC and AZT nano co-crystals. Equimolar solutions of 3TC in surfactant dissolved in de-ionised water and AZT in methanol were rapidly injected into a vessel and sonicated at 4 °C.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Quantifying ecosystem restoration recovery and restoration practice following the biological control of invasive alien macrophytes in Southern Africa

  • Authors: Motitsoe, Samuel Nkopane
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Salvinia molesta , Ceratophyllum demersum , Nymphaea mexicana , Invasive plants -- Biological control -- South Africa , Aquatic weeds -- Biological control -- South Africa , Restoration monitoring (Ecology) -- South Africa , Biolotical invasions -- Environmental aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167519 , vital:41488
  • Description: Invasive alien aquatic plants (IAAP) species are known to have deleterious effects on the freshwater ecosystems they invade. This includes both socio-economic and ecologically important ecosystem goods and services. Thus, IAAP species are declared a serious threat, second only to habitat modification for causing a loss of aquatic biodiversity. Three control methods have been widely applied to control IAAP species invasion globally; mechanical, chemical and biological control. Both mechanical and chemical control methods are considered short-term and expensive, whereas biological control methods are regarded an effective and long-term solution for IAAP species control at the landscape level. But, little is known of the ecological recovery following the biological control of IAAP species, with mechanical control known to have had mixed success and chemical control to have non-targeted effects on aquatic ecosystems, causing harm to wildlife and human well-being. Biological control practitioners measure the success of biological control based on: (1) the biological control agents’ establishment and the negative impacts they impose on the targeted weed; and (2) the weeds biomass reduction and an increase in native macrophytes species. Arguably, measures of biological control success have been subjective and variable across the globe. Although some field studies have demonstrated biological control success to have positive socio-economic returns, there is little literature on ecological benefits. Furthermore, there is limited understanding on ecosystem recovery and possible restoration efforts following the biological control IAAP species, as compared to alien weeds in terrestrial and riparian ecosystems. Thus, this thesis aimed to quantify the ecological recovery i.e. aquatic biodiversity, ecosystem processes and trophic interactions following the management of Salvinia molesta in freshwater ecosystems. The research employed a suite of Before-After Control-Impact mesocosm and field studies to investigate the response of aquatic microalgae, macroinvertebrates and their interactions (food web structure and function) during S. molesta infestation and after mechanical and biological control. The mesocosm experiment (Before invasion, During invasion & After control) showed that both aquatic microalgae and macroinvertebrate diversity indices were reliable biological indicators of S. molesta ecological impacts and recovery following control. The restored treatment (100% S. molesta cover + biological control agents), demonstrated complete aquatic microalgae and macroinvertebrate recovery following biological control, similar to the control treatment (open water), where the degraded/impacted treatment (100% S. molesta cover with no biological control agents) showed a drastic decline in aquatic biodiversity and a complete shift in aquatic biota assemblage structure. Thus, the biological control effort by Cyrtobagous salviniae, the biological control agent for S. molesta, assisted in the recovery of aquatic biota following successful biological control. The field study (four field sites, two sites controlled mechanically and two biologically) investigated water quality, aquatic biodiversity and community trophic interactions (aquatic food web) “before and after” S. molesta control. The study showed a drastic decline in aquatic biodiversity (with three sites showing no record of aquatic macroinvertebrates, thus no biotic interactions during infestation) and poor water quality due to the shade-effect (light barrier due to floating S. molesta mats on the water surface) during the “before” S. molesta control phase. However, following both mechanical and biological control (“after” S. molesta control phase), there was a significant shift in abiotic and biotic ecosystem characteristics as compared to the “before” S. molesta control phase. Thus, rapid ecosystem recovery was apparent as a result of aquatic microalgae and macroinvertebrates recolonisation. Sites showed a normal functioning ecosystem where improved water quality, increased biodiversity, productivity and trophic interactions, was indicative of the return of biologically and functionally important species which were lost during the “before” S. molesta phase. Although the clear water state showed positive outcomes at Westlake River, these were short lived when the system was dominated by a cosmopolitan submerged Ceratophyllum demersum, and later replaced by a floating-leaved emergent IAAP Nymphaea mexicana. Each state was responsible for a significant shift in both biotic and abiotic characteristics, affirming macrophyte abilities to influence aquatic environments structure and functions. Furthermore, this event showed a clear example of a secondary invasion. Thus, a holistic IAAP species management strategy is necessary to restore previously invaded ecosystems and prevent subsequent secondary invasion and ecosystem degradation. In conclusion, the S. molesta shade-effect like any other free-floating IAAP species, was identified as the main degrading factor and responsible for water quality reduction, loss of aquatic diversity and shift in aquatic biota assemblage structure. Following S. molesta removal (or shade-effect elimination), there was a positive response to aquatic ecosystem species abundance, richness, diversity and community structure. Therefore, in combination, aquatic biota recolonisation rate and increases in biological and functional diversity were instrumental in the recovery of ecosystem structure and functions, following the control of S. molesta. Echoing existing literature, this thesis recommends: (1) IAAP species management programmes (mechanical and/or biological control) should not only aim to control the weed but also focus on ecosystems recovery and possible restoration goals; (2) biological control should be used where appropriate to combat free-floating IAAP species in freshwater ecosystems, followed by active introduction of native macrophyte propagules since they are limited by anthropogenic activities; and (3) more freshwater case studies are needed to add to our understanding of IAAP species management and restoration effort incorporating long-term monitoring.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Quantifying the impacts of abrasion and bacterial transfer when fish are exposed to sand during a catch-and-release event:

  • Authors: Foster, Ryan M , Childs, Amber-Robyn , Brooks, Margot , Farthing, Matthew W , Butler, Edward C , Potts, Warren M
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160427 , vital:40445 , https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2020.1792982
  • Description: Best-practice guidelines to improve recreational fishers’ handling during catch-and-release (CandR) events are critical to improve the conservation and management of fish stocks worldwide. While best-practice research is growing, there are knowledge gaps, with the effects of sand exposure on fish mucous membranes understudied. This study aimed to determine the effects of exposing a fish to sand during a CandR event. A total of 360 juvenile (48–137 mm TL) Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi were subjected to a simulated CandR event during which they were either held: (i) with wet hands, or (ii) dry hands; or with wet hands and then placed on either (iii) wet sterilised sand, (iv) dry sterilised sand, (v) wet unsterilised sand, or (vi) dry unsterilised sand. Fish were maintained in a recirculating system for two weeks, euthanised and subjected to an examination of their mucous layer (bacterial counts, abrasion counts and percentage of abrasion area) and an internal biological assessment. Bacteria fro m fish mucous layers were cultivated on agar plates to count bacterial colonies.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Radical transformation and sustainability for an advanced manufacturing industry: a progressive model

  • Authors: Noor, Richard , Van der Merwe, Karl
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Manufacturing industries -- South Africa , Leadership Organisational learning
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46849 , vital:39669
  • Description: The manufacturing industry in one of the most significant contributors to a countries GDP across the world. South Africa is no different and yet it remains an interesting challenge for the country. Power and greed seem to have overtaken the moral fibre of our society and has inflicted pain and suffering to millions across the country. The manufacturing has not been immune to this challenge and appears to be in free fall on so many levels. The primary objective of this research was to develop a model for the manufacturing industry which would assist the role players to navigate the challenges and obstacle in this ever changing and demanding industry. An extensive review of literature was conducted which informed and guided the process of gathering information and data using a questionnaire and a survey conducted across the manufacturing industry. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the relationships between the various factors identified during the literature review. Leadership Impact was confirmed as a significant contributor as well as the Economic Impact having a significant impact on both Radical Transformation and Sustainability. This study scientifically added to the body of knowledge having taken several factors within the manufacturing industry and analysed its impact on radical transformation and sustainability, the integration of these factors within one study has not been previously conducted and has contributed to the manufacturing industry, business leadership and management fields of study.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Radio and X-ray detections of GX 339–4 in quiescence using MeerKAT and Swift:

  • Authors: Tremou, E , Corbel, S , Fender, R P , Woudt, P A , Miller-Jones, J C A , Motta, S E , Heywood, I , Armstrong, R P , Groot, P , Horesh, A , Van der Horst, A J , Koerding, E , Mooley, K P , Rowlinson, A , Wijers, R A M
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149862 , vital:38907 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa019
  • Description: The radio–X-ray correlation that characterizes accreting black holes at all mass scales – from stellar mass black holes in binary systems to supermassive black holes powering active galactic nuclei – is one of the most important pieces of observational evidence supporting the existence of a connection between the accretion process and the generation of collimated outflows – or jets – in accreting systems. Although recent studies suggest that the correlation extends down to low luminosities, only a handful of stellar mass black holes have been clearly detected, and in general only upper limits (especially at radio wavelengths) can be obtained during quiescence. We recently obtained detections of the black hole X-ray binary (XRB) GX 339–4 in quiescence using the Meer Karoo Array Telescope (MeerKAT) radio telescope and Swift X-ray Telescope instrument on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, probing the lower end of the radio–X-ray correlation. We present the properties of accretion and of the connected generation of jets in the poorly studied low-accretion rate regime for this canonical black hole XRB system.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Rational design and regioselective synthesis of conformationally restricted furan-derived ligands as potential anti-malarial agents

  • Authors: Mutorwa, Marius K , Nokalipa, Iviwe , Tanner, Delia C , Blatch, Gregory L , Lobb, Kevin A , Klein, Rosalyn , Kaye, Perry T
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447170 , vital:74589 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.24820/ark.5550190.p011.281"
  • Description: Substituted 3-furanomethyl phosphate esters and their corresponding phosphoric acids have been prepared as conformationally restricted analogues of DOXP, the natural substrate for Plasmodium falciparum 1-deoxyD-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (PfDXR), and fosmidomycin, an established inhibitor. Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR analysis and in silico docking data suggest the potential of such compounds as PfDXR inhibitors.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Re-adjustment of masculinities and sexualities amongst first year male students at Rhodes University in the wake of the residence Consent Talk’s programme

  • Authors: Ntisana, Thulani
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Communication in higher education - South Africa -- Makhanda , Rape in universities and colleges -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Masculinity -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Social life and customs -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Male college students -- Conduct of life -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Men -- Identity , Male domination (Social structure) , Patriarchy -- South Africa , Women -- Violence against -- South Africa , Social problems -- South Africa , Consent Talks , #RUreferencelist
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148956 , vital:38790
  • Description: This study seeks to understand how Rhodes University first-year male students adjusted and re-adjusted their masculinities and sexualities in light of the Consent Talk programme offered by the university, the aim of which is to liberate masculinities and femininities from patriarchal and dominant discourses. In the past 26 years, South Africa has seen an increase in academic research establishing causal links between boys, men, masculinities and a number of social ills such as the HIV/AIDs epidemic, violence against women, substance abuse, homophobia, gender-based violence and a lower pass rate amongst boys. This in turn inspired an increase in interventions seeking to involve boys and men in order to identify and address their role in combating gender based violence. These various forms of social deviances that have been linked to masculinity have indicated that young men's masculinity is in crisis and as a result needs great attention in order to address the social issues linked to them. Institutions of higher learning have proven to be microcosms of the larger society. Universities have become highly sexualised spaces; coercive sexual practices in heterosexual relationships are a norm, young women don't feel safe and have lost confidence in universities addressing their concerns. With the emergence of the #RUreferencelist in 2016, the spotlight fell on Rhodes University; young women challenged the rape culture and sexual assaults on campus. In 2016, staff members who are well-informed and educated on issues of gender, sexuality and rape initiated discussions with students in their residences; these discussions were later to be called the Consent Talks. This research makes use of Pierre Bourdieu’s critical theory in understanding how young men negotiate their masculinity within the field of higher education, at Rhodes University. Bourdieu’s three main concepts, field, habitus and capital are used to describe how young men negotiate their masculinity and how the field of gender intersects with the field of higher education. A qualitative paradigm has been employed. The study has collected data through the use of in-depth interviews to get a richer insight into the participants’ perspectives. There were 15 interviews conducted in total for this study, 14 were with first year male students, and one with a senior official of the University. The data was analysed through a qualitative thematic analysis. The findings of the research reveal that some of the participants were exposed to patriarchal and dominant forms of masculinity when growing up. However, most of the participants revealed they were also exposed to alternative masculinities. These were either taught or learnt at home, from family members, circumcision school, church or peers in society. Both the dominant and alternative masculinities were revealed in the discourses of what it means to be a man and in how the young men performed their masculinities. Furthermore, one of the major themes that emerged was that most of the young men in the study were raised by single mothers with mothers playing a significant role in encouraging healthy masculinities. The findings went on to reveal that families (mothers, fathers, older siblings and culture) play a role in socialising and shaping healthy masculinities. The acceptance or rejection of either dominant or alternative masculinities was influenced by an exposure to an environment that either encouraged or shunned either dominant or alternative masculinities. The findings further unveils that different societies are strongly identified with their own definitions of what it means to be a man and are not open to other definitions of masculinity. Moreover, most of the participants accepted the content of what was taught in the Consent Talks; however sought healthy participation, interaction and inclusion of female students. Lastly, the study has also revealed that knowledge of the consequences of breaking (the law) university’s policy does affect some change of behaviour in potential perpetrators.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Reconstructing the distribution of the non-native sea anemone, Diadumene lineata (Actiniaria), in the Canadian Maritimes: local extinction in New Brunswick and no regional range expansion in Nova Scotia since its initial detection

  • Authors: Ma, Kevin C K , Glon, Heather E , Hawk, Heather L , Chapman, Cody N
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179054 , vital:40095 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101049
  • Description: Since its first observations in New Brunswick (Sam Orr’s Pond) and Nova Scotia (Bedford Institute of Oceanography in Dartmouth) in 2009 and 2013, respectively, Diadumene lineata has been observed spreading to new locations in the Canadian Maritimes. In 2017 and 2018, regional surveys for non-native species did not detect D. lineata in New Brunswick, suggesting local extinction. Recent surveys also did not detect D. lineata in Prince Edward Island. However, between 2013 and 2018, D. lineata was detected in Nova Scotia (in chronological order) from Lunenburg Harbour (Lunenburg), Hermans Island (Lunenburg), Black Rock Beach (Halifax), Oak Island Marina (Chester), and Dartmouth Yacht Club (Dartmouth).
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020
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