Kounandi
- Banani Kone (composer, performer, arranger), Nalini, Mamani Keita, Bintou Camara (chorus), Dominique Sablier (piano), Raphael Chossin (drums), Julio (bass guitar), Mouriba Koita, Fousseni Kouyate (N'goni), Moussa Kone, Djelikedjan, Yacou (cora), Oumar Dagon, Moussa Kouyate, Partrick (guitars), Kerfala Kante (arranger), Eric Bono
- Authors: Banani Kone (composer, performer, arranger) , Nalini, Mamani Keita, Bintou Camara (chorus) , Dominique Sablier (piano) , Raphael Chossin (drums) , Julio (bass guitar) , Mouriba Koita, Fousseni Kouyate (N'goni) , Moussa Kone, Djelikedjan, Yacou (cora) , Oumar Dagon, Moussa Kouyate, Partrick (guitars) , Kerfala Kante (arranger) , Eric Bono
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Mali--1991-2000 , Africa Mali Souther Region f-ml
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127631 , vital:36028 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDCO5-05
- Description: Malian modern band, solo female vocalist and chorus sing accompanied by N'goni, cora, guitar, piano and drums
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Banani Kone (composer, performer, arranger) , Nalini, Mamani Keita, Bintou Camara (chorus) , Dominique Sablier (piano) , Raphael Chossin (drums) , Julio (bass guitar) , Mouriba Koita, Fousseni Kouyate (N'goni) , Moussa Kone, Djelikedjan, Yacou (cora) , Oumar Dagon, Moussa Kouyate, Partrick (guitars) , Kerfala Kante (arranger) , Eric Bono
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Mali--1991-2000 , Africa Mali Souther Region f-ml
- Language: English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127631 , vital:36028 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDCO5-05
- Description: Malian modern band, solo female vocalist and chorus sing accompanied by N'goni, cora, guitar, piano and drums
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
Latent murderousness: an exploration of the nature and quality of object relations in rage-type murderers
- Authors: Cartwright, Duncan James
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Murder Murder -- Case studies Murderers -- Psychology Criminal psychology Violence Narcissism Aggressiveness Anger
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2946 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002455
- Description: In this dissertation I investigate the intrapsychic make-up of rage-type offenders and explore the psychodynamics of the act of murder itself The dissertation begins with a discussion on the defining features of the act of rage-type murder. I then consider the role of personality characteristics and psychopathology in individuals who have committed such offences. With the basic features of the offender and act itself outlined, the following section reviews key areas of debate regarding the psychodynamics of violence and the intrapsychic make-up of the rage-type murderer. I first explore the nature of aggression as debated in psychoanalysis and conclude that the views expressed are often unn,ecessarily polarized regarding the origins of aggression and suggest that the specifics of particular types of aggression require consideration in order to assess their intrapsychic nature. The specifics of rage and violence are discussed with this in mind. In the second chapter of this section I develop a number of intrapsychic dimensions to be used in understanding how different types of violence are constituted. Psychodynamic contributions towards understanding rage-type murder, as a specific form of violence, are then discussed. Following this review, a number of directive ~uestions are formulated regarding (1) the intrapsychic dimension of rage-type murder; (2) the pJ;esence of the borderline personality in such offender~ and its intrapsychic nature; and (3) the_ specific psychodynamics that lie behind what is argued to be a defensive act of murder. A multiple case study approach, using nine imprisoned rage-type offenders, is used to further explore the above issues. Court summary reports, the Thematic Apperception Test and the Psychoanalytic Research Interview comprised the research material, with particular emphasis placed on the interview material. The interview is approached from a psychoanalytic perspective and I develop some theoretical, technical and analytical guidelines to try to broaden Jhe use of psychoanalysis in the research domain. Findings of the research reveal a specific kind of defensive organization that is characterized by a constellation of object relations that I term the 'narcissistic exoskeleton'. I suggest that these findings best fit the description of a particular kind of borderline personality organization typified by apparent 'normality'. Other prominent aspects of the dimensions of violence observed in these cases include: (1) a poor representational capacity; (2) an interactional style characterized by uncontainable projective exchanges between victim and offender; (3) a collusive primary object relationship combined with the absence of an internalized 'third object'; (4) a 'two-faced' superego structure; (5) the internalization of traumatic experience that has become associated with a bad object system; (6) phantasies of restoring ideal good in external objects alongside conscious fantasies of annihilation. Within the context of these factors the intrapsychic events that lead to the act itself are discussed. It is found that a collapse of the 'narcissistic exoskeleton', the intrusion of the bad object system and the unbearable shame that this evokes in the offender are prominent features of what culminates in an act of explosive rage and projective identification. Some of the implications of my research are briefly discussed in the concluding chapter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Cartwright, Duncan James
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Murder Murder -- Case studies Murderers -- Psychology Criminal psychology Violence Narcissism Aggressiveness Anger
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2946 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002455
- Description: In this dissertation I investigate the intrapsychic make-up of rage-type offenders and explore the psychodynamics of the act of murder itself The dissertation begins with a discussion on the defining features of the act of rage-type murder. I then consider the role of personality characteristics and psychopathology in individuals who have committed such offences. With the basic features of the offender and act itself outlined, the following section reviews key areas of debate regarding the psychodynamics of violence and the intrapsychic make-up of the rage-type murderer. I first explore the nature of aggression as debated in psychoanalysis and conclude that the views expressed are often unn,ecessarily polarized regarding the origins of aggression and suggest that the specifics of particular types of aggression require consideration in order to assess their intrapsychic nature. The specifics of rage and violence are discussed with this in mind. In the second chapter of this section I develop a number of intrapsychic dimensions to be used in understanding how different types of violence are constituted. Psychodynamic contributions towards understanding rage-type murder, as a specific form of violence, are then discussed. Following this review, a number of directive ~uestions are formulated regarding (1) the intrapsychic dimension of rage-type murder; (2) the pJ;esence of the borderline personality in such offender~ and its intrapsychic nature; and (3) the_ specific psychodynamics that lie behind what is argued to be a defensive act of murder. A multiple case study approach, using nine imprisoned rage-type offenders, is used to further explore the above issues. Court summary reports, the Thematic Apperception Test and the Psychoanalytic Research Interview comprised the research material, with particular emphasis placed on the interview material. The interview is approached from a psychoanalytic perspective and I develop some theoretical, technical and analytical guidelines to try to broaden Jhe use of psychoanalysis in the research domain. Findings of the research reveal a specific kind of defensive organization that is characterized by a constellation of object relations that I term the 'narcissistic exoskeleton'. I suggest that these findings best fit the description of a particular kind of borderline personality organization typified by apparent 'normality'. Other prominent aspects of the dimensions of violence observed in these cases include: (1) a poor representational capacity; (2) an interactional style characterized by uncontainable projective exchanges between victim and offender; (3) a collusive primary object relationship combined with the absence of an internalized 'third object'; (4) a 'two-faced' superego structure; (5) the internalization of traumatic experience that has become associated with a bad object system; (6) phantasies of restoring ideal good in external objects alongside conscious fantasies of annihilation. Within the context of these factors the intrapsychic events that lead to the act itself are discussed. It is found that a collapse of the 'narcissistic exoskeleton', the intrusion of the bad object system and the unbearable shame that this evokes in the offender are prominent features of what culminates in an act of explosive rage and projective identification. Some of the implications of my research are briefly discussed in the concluding chapter.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Learning support materials (LSMs) and Curriculum 2005 (C2005): a research paper on the role of learning support materials in Curriculum 2005.
- Czerniewicz, Laura, Murray, Sarah R, Probyn, Margie J
- Authors: Czerniewicz, Laura , Murray, Sarah R , Probyn, Margie J
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Report
- Identifier: vital:7018 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007172
- Description: The report examines the role of LSMs in bringing about the change envisaged in Curriculum 2005. It highlights three aspects of the new curriculum that are especially pertinent: resource-based learning, information literacy and lifelong learning. It argues that lifelong learning depends on information literacy, and this literacy can only be acquired through interaction with resources. The new curriculum thus requires resources. The report then examines the way in which LSMs are conceptualised in policy documents. It reveals a lack of clarity both with regard to the nature of LSMs and who is responsible for producing them. It proposes a framework for the description of LSMs, which distinguishes between resources (the ‘raw materials’) and LSMs (resources shaped to a pedagogical purpose). The question of access to resources is then considered. The report argues that access requires a minimum level of expenditure, and points to the fact that spending on LSMs has fallen dramatically over the past four years. To enable access, LSMs must be well-structured, well-prepared and appropriate. They must also reach schools on time and be well-managed when they get there. The report also considers access to libraries and computer technology, both of which are vital in resource-based learning. It reveals severe cutbacks in school and provincial library services, and disparities with regard to access to libraries and computer technology, in particular and to LSMs in general. In multilingual societies, language is a factor that determines access to LSMs. The report reveals that although policy advocates a multilingual approach, increasing numbers of School Governing Bodies are opting for education in English. This will influence publishing in all African languages. The report then turns to the situation in classrooms and finds wide disparities between teaching practices in well-resourced and under-resourced schools with the former being closer to the practices advocated by C2005 than the latter. The report suggests that change will not occur overnight. Resources construct practice and are necessary in order for real change to occur. Low levels of literacy, especially in rural schools are exacerbated by the fact that children are expected to read in an inadequately mastered second language. Consequently, teachers interpret textbooks that are often inaccessible to learners thus setting patterns of rote learning and dependency that persist throughout children’s schooling. Poor basic literacy is also a concern as it is fundamental to the development of more sophisticated literacies required by C2005. The report considers the teacher-textbook debate and challenges its polarity, arguing instead for a hand-in-hand approach: textbooks and other LSMs cannot on their own improve teaching; they must be accompanied by teacher development. It is this view which frames discussion of three important components of teacher competence: use of LSMs; design / production of LSMs; and evaluation of LSMs Research suggests that teachers mediate LSMs and adapt them to existing practice and that teachers do not always share the vision of materials writers nor understand their conceptual goals. They may not even use LSMs when they are available. Nevertheless, international research has shown that carefully designed LSMs can support curriculum change. While policy now requires that teachers produce some of their own LSMs, research reveals wide disparities in their ability to do so. For many the desire to produce their own LSMs does not translate into a practical competence. Some commentators believe that it is unrealistic to expect teachers to produce their own LSMs: they should rather make use of good quality textbooks (which provide the learning programme), and develop their own supplementary materials. However this highlights the importance of consistent, fair and competent book evaluation systems/ practices, an area which research has shown to be currently extremely problematic. In conclusion, the report re-emphasises the importance of resources and stresses their role in capacity building. Concern is expressed that policy documents do not always pay sufficient attention to this. The report also points to the need to increase efficiencies in the system and spend what funding there is wisely. Finally, it highlights the need for more systematic research on what happens in classrooms to inform curriculum planning and implementation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Czerniewicz, Laura , Murray, Sarah R , Probyn, Margie J
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Report
- Identifier: vital:7018 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007172
- Description: The report examines the role of LSMs in bringing about the change envisaged in Curriculum 2005. It highlights three aspects of the new curriculum that are especially pertinent: resource-based learning, information literacy and lifelong learning. It argues that lifelong learning depends on information literacy, and this literacy can only be acquired through interaction with resources. The new curriculum thus requires resources. The report then examines the way in which LSMs are conceptualised in policy documents. It reveals a lack of clarity both with regard to the nature of LSMs and who is responsible for producing them. It proposes a framework for the description of LSMs, which distinguishes between resources (the ‘raw materials’) and LSMs (resources shaped to a pedagogical purpose). The question of access to resources is then considered. The report argues that access requires a minimum level of expenditure, and points to the fact that spending on LSMs has fallen dramatically over the past four years. To enable access, LSMs must be well-structured, well-prepared and appropriate. They must also reach schools on time and be well-managed when they get there. The report also considers access to libraries and computer technology, both of which are vital in resource-based learning. It reveals severe cutbacks in school and provincial library services, and disparities with regard to access to libraries and computer technology, in particular and to LSMs in general. In multilingual societies, language is a factor that determines access to LSMs. The report reveals that although policy advocates a multilingual approach, increasing numbers of School Governing Bodies are opting for education in English. This will influence publishing in all African languages. The report then turns to the situation in classrooms and finds wide disparities between teaching practices in well-resourced and under-resourced schools with the former being closer to the practices advocated by C2005 than the latter. The report suggests that change will not occur overnight. Resources construct practice and are necessary in order for real change to occur. Low levels of literacy, especially in rural schools are exacerbated by the fact that children are expected to read in an inadequately mastered second language. Consequently, teachers interpret textbooks that are often inaccessible to learners thus setting patterns of rote learning and dependency that persist throughout children’s schooling. Poor basic literacy is also a concern as it is fundamental to the development of more sophisticated literacies required by C2005. The report considers the teacher-textbook debate and challenges its polarity, arguing instead for a hand-in-hand approach: textbooks and other LSMs cannot on their own improve teaching; they must be accompanied by teacher development. It is this view which frames discussion of three important components of teacher competence: use of LSMs; design / production of LSMs; and evaluation of LSMs Research suggests that teachers mediate LSMs and adapt them to existing practice and that teachers do not always share the vision of materials writers nor understand their conceptual goals. They may not even use LSMs when they are available. Nevertheless, international research has shown that carefully designed LSMs can support curriculum change. While policy now requires that teachers produce some of their own LSMs, research reveals wide disparities in their ability to do so. For many the desire to produce their own LSMs does not translate into a practical competence. Some commentators believe that it is unrealistic to expect teachers to produce their own LSMs: they should rather make use of good quality textbooks (which provide the learning programme), and develop their own supplementary materials. However this highlights the importance of consistent, fair and competent book evaluation systems/ practices, an area which research has shown to be currently extremely problematic. In conclusion, the report re-emphasises the importance of resources and stresses their role in capacity building. Concern is expressed that policy documents do not always pay sufficient attention to this. The report also points to the need to increase efficiencies in the system and spend what funding there is wisely. Finally, it highlights the need for more systematic research on what happens in classrooms to inform curriculum planning and implementation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Libre Ego
- Didier Sourou Awadi aka DJ Awadi (performer, author), Amadou Barry aka Doug E. Tee, Duggy Tee (performer, author), Palm Tree Enter/Africa with P.B.S. Production
- Authors: Didier Sourou Awadi aka DJ Awadi (performer, author) , Amadou Barry aka Doug E. Tee, Duggy Tee (performer, author) , Palm Tree Enter/Africa with P.B.S. Production
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Rap (Music) , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , English , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131508 , vital:36588 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC53-07
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof, accompanied by traditional Senegalese kora and tama musical instruments, as well as Western instruments
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Didier Sourou Awadi aka DJ Awadi (performer, author) , Amadou Barry aka Doug E. Tee, Duggy Tee (performer, author) , Palm Tree Enter/Africa with P.B.S. Production
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Rap (Music) , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , English , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131508 , vital:36588 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC53-07
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof, accompanied by traditional Senegalese kora and tama musical instruments, as well as Western instruments
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
Lu Ko Jar
- Ajah Sy ( lead vocals, author, composer, chorus), Biram Ndeck Ndiaye, El Hadji Niang (arrangement), Lamine Faye (guitar), El Hadji Niang (bass), Bakane Seck (percussion), Marie Codou Pouye, Ajah Sy, Abdourahmane Diallo,Missala man, Aly Hachem, Mame Gor Mboup (chorus), El Hadji Niang, Aly Hachem, Ousmane Wade (keyboards), Kaounding Cissokho (kora), Barou Sall (Khalam), Studio 2000
- Authors: Ajah Sy ( lead vocals, author, composer, chorus) , Biram Ndeck Ndiaye , El Hadji Niang (arrangement) , Lamine Faye (guitar) , El Hadji Niang (bass) , Bakane Seck (percussion) , Marie Codou Pouye, Ajah Sy, Abdourahmane Diallo,Missala man, Aly Hachem, Mame Gor Mboup (chorus) , El Hadji Niang, Aly Hachem, Ousmane Wade (keyboards) , Kaounding Cissokho (kora) , Barou Sall (Khalam) , Studio 2000
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French , English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129368 , vital:36268 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC27-04
- Description: A homage to women in general and rural women in particular, for courageously and stoically facing their arduous socetal burden
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Ajah Sy ( lead vocals, author, composer, chorus) , Biram Ndeck Ndiaye , El Hadji Niang (arrangement) , Lamine Faye (guitar) , El Hadji Niang (bass) , Bakane Seck (percussion) , Marie Codou Pouye, Ajah Sy, Abdourahmane Diallo,Missala man, Aly Hachem, Mame Gor Mboup (chorus) , El Hadji Niang, Aly Hachem, Ousmane Wade (keyboards) , Kaounding Cissokho (kora) , Barou Sall (Khalam) , Studio 2000
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French , English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129368 , vital:36268 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC27-04
- Description: A homage to women in general and rural women in particular, for courageously and stoically facing their arduous socetal burden
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
Making sense of ʺessenceʺ : a critical examination of the adequacy of the modern philosophical conception of ʺessenceʺ
- Authors: Ross, Allison
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Essentialism (Philosophy)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2720 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002850 , Essentialism (Philosophy)
- Description: The idea that some sub-set of the properties of an object captures what it is to be that thing i.e. that it has an essence which is there to be discovered and about which we can be mistaken - is a commonsense assumption that we use all the time. However, philosophers of this century have regarded the realism about essence with skepticism, arguing that we impose essences on things by the way we define our concepts as opposed to discovering them. Essences are supposedly characteristics of our concepts rather than of objects in the world. This was the orthodox view until a group of philosophers of language developed the theory of direct reference. They claimed that proper names and certain other words refer non-connotatively which entails that the real properties of objects are crucial to the establishment of the reference of such terms. It can be shown that the properties involved in reference determination must be all and only the necessary properties of those objects. This discovery has been taken to mark the rehabilitation of the notion of essence, with an object’s essence being taken to be that set of properties which it must have in all possible worlds in which it exists. I will argue that the theory of direct reference is correct up to the point at which it assimilates the necessary properties of objects to their essences. I will show that the set of an object’s necessary properties cannot fulfill the role reserved for the concept of essence in metaphysical hypotheses concerning the nature of objects. I will go on to show that a sub-set of a thing’s necessary properties can fulfill this role and I will suggest that we identify the members of this sub-set by testing their ability to furnish the kinds of explanations we expect from essences. I will demonstrate how this can be done using the Aristotelian idea that the notion of essence is required in order to explain how it is that objects can persist through change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Ross, Allison
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Essentialism (Philosophy)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2720 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002850 , Essentialism (Philosophy)
- Description: The idea that some sub-set of the properties of an object captures what it is to be that thing i.e. that it has an essence which is there to be discovered and about which we can be mistaken - is a commonsense assumption that we use all the time. However, philosophers of this century have regarded the realism about essence with skepticism, arguing that we impose essences on things by the way we define our concepts as opposed to discovering them. Essences are supposedly characteristics of our concepts rather than of objects in the world. This was the orthodox view until a group of philosophers of language developed the theory of direct reference. They claimed that proper names and certain other words refer non-connotatively which entails that the real properties of objects are crucial to the establishment of the reference of such terms. It can be shown that the properties involved in reference determination must be all and only the necessary properties of those objects. This discovery has been taken to mark the rehabilitation of the notion of essence, with an object’s essence being taken to be that set of properties which it must have in all possible worlds in which it exists. I will argue that the theory of direct reference is correct up to the point at which it assimilates the necessary properties of objects to their essences. I will show that the set of an object’s necessary properties cannot fulfill the role reserved for the concept of essence in metaphysical hypotheses concerning the nature of objects. I will go on to show that a sub-set of a thing’s necessary properties can fulfill this role and I will suggest that we identify the members of this sub-set by testing their ability to furnish the kinds of explanations we expect from essences. I will demonstrate how this can be done using the Aristotelian idea that the notion of essence is required in order to explain how it is that objects can persist through change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Management of political behaviour in organisations
- Authors: Pio, Riaan Johan
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Organizational behavior , Corporate culture
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10839 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33 , Organizational behavior , Corporate culture
- Description: In this research paper, the constructive management of political behaviour in organisations was investigated. A general overview of relevant aspects which specifically relate to the constructive management of political behaviour in the automotive industry was presented. The literature study included a discussion of the nature of political behaviour and guidelines for the management of political behaviour in organisations. The research methodology consisted of three phases: Phase 1: A literature study to determine guidelines to manage political behaviour in organisations constructively. Phase 2: An empirical study to determine the effectiveness of these guidelines in practice by means of a survey amongst role players in the automotive industry in South Africa. Phase 3: The findings from the literature study and empirical study were integrated into guidelines of how managers can manage political behaviour constructively. The study identified nine main strategies for managing political behaviour. They are: Open communication. Communication must be open to keep all parties informed and to prevent distrust. Reduction of uncertainty. This involves preventing employees being unsure of what the future holds. Awareness. The aim of awareness is for managers to be sensitive to and aware of situations that could elicit political behaviours. Furthermore, they must recognize political behaviour for what it is. Setting an example. Managers must set an exemplary example and not engage in political behaviour. An understanding of the reason/motivation for the formation of informal (political) groups or cliques. Having established the reason why political groups form will enable a manager to manage them more effectively. Confront political game players. Managers must address all forms of possible political behaviour in a serious manner. Understanding the organisation’s strategy, goals and action plans. All employees need to know exactly what direction the organization is moving in and what is in it for them. It is management’s task to ensure this open and clear communication, to prevent fears and political behaviour. Tie resource allocation and rewards to strategy. This can be achieved by ensuring that the criteria for the allocation of rewards is straight forward and understood by all. Reward systems must, furthermore, be directly linked to performance. There should also be transparency in decision-making. Isolate resource acquisition from internal operations. It is necessary to clearly specify the conditions and ground rules for the acquisition of resources to ensure that the process is transparent. The conclusion reached is that political behaviour in organizations can be managed constructively to build win-win relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Pio, Riaan Johan
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Organizational behavior , Corporate culture
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10839 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33 , Organizational behavior , Corporate culture
- Description: In this research paper, the constructive management of political behaviour in organisations was investigated. A general overview of relevant aspects which specifically relate to the constructive management of political behaviour in the automotive industry was presented. The literature study included a discussion of the nature of political behaviour and guidelines for the management of political behaviour in organisations. The research methodology consisted of three phases: Phase 1: A literature study to determine guidelines to manage political behaviour in organisations constructively. Phase 2: An empirical study to determine the effectiveness of these guidelines in practice by means of a survey amongst role players in the automotive industry in South Africa. Phase 3: The findings from the literature study and empirical study were integrated into guidelines of how managers can manage political behaviour constructively. The study identified nine main strategies for managing political behaviour. They are: Open communication. Communication must be open to keep all parties informed and to prevent distrust. Reduction of uncertainty. This involves preventing employees being unsure of what the future holds. Awareness. The aim of awareness is for managers to be sensitive to and aware of situations that could elicit political behaviours. Furthermore, they must recognize political behaviour for what it is. Setting an example. Managers must set an exemplary example and not engage in political behaviour. An understanding of the reason/motivation for the formation of informal (political) groups or cliques. Having established the reason why political groups form will enable a manager to manage them more effectively. Confront political game players. Managers must address all forms of possible political behaviour in a serious manner. Understanding the organisation’s strategy, goals and action plans. All employees need to know exactly what direction the organization is moving in and what is in it for them. It is management’s task to ensure this open and clear communication, to prevent fears and political behaviour. Tie resource allocation and rewards to strategy. This can be achieved by ensuring that the criteria for the allocation of rewards is straight forward and understood by all. Reward systems must, furthermore, be directly linked to performance. There should also be transparency in decision-making. Isolate resource acquisition from internal operations. It is necessary to clearly specify the conditions and ground rules for the acquisition of resources to ensure that the process is transparent. The conclusion reached is that political behaviour in organizations can be managed constructively to build win-win relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Master of Education portfolio
- Authors: Morrison, Paula
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa -- Kwazulu Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1671 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003554
- Description: This report is the culmination of a six year process during which emerged the need to establish a meeting or indaba place for the collaborative 'People and Parks' partnership of the KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service (NCS) in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park (HUP) and stake-holder communities adjacent to the Park. Comprising two parts which compliment each other, the report has been developed to inform, guide and advise the NCS in the planning and development of an education centre in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park. Part I documents the processes of engagement and interaction between the NCS in HUP and neighbouring communities during this period, which led to the need for an education centre, whilst placing and contextualizing the process within historical, socio-political and organisational processes. This is taken further with a description of the research process and an analytical narrative of four key programmes. Part I concludes with a summary of the outcomes of the planning process which shows how through local community input and partiCipation, and through networking with other EE practitioners, a conceptual development plan for the Mambeni Education Centre emerged. The second part of this report (Part 2) is the conceptual development plan which has emerged out of the processes described in Part 1. This plan constitutes practical guidelines for the NCS on how to develop and manage the Mambeni Education Centre. More specifically the plan provides ideas about: what type of centre it should be and where it should be located; who the stake-holders are, their educational neees and ideas for possible programmes; the physical and logistical requirements; managemynt and staffing structures and a detailed business plan. The report intends to draw the reader into understanding the complex social and environmental issues that the collaborative partnership of 'People and Parks' are engaging with, so that the Mambeni Environmental Education Centre can playa [more] meaningful and responsive role in contributing to processes of social transformation. In sharing this environmental education re(search) story which represents a unique approach to centre development, it is hoped that the notion of environmental education centres might be viewed by environmental educators through a different set of lenses. Through having the participants' views represented, I wish the report to reflect the richness of the research process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Morrison, Paula
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa -- Kwazulu Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1671 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003554
- Description: This report is the culmination of a six year process during which emerged the need to establish a meeting or indaba place for the collaborative 'People and Parks' partnership of the KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service (NCS) in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park (HUP) and stake-holder communities adjacent to the Park. Comprising two parts which compliment each other, the report has been developed to inform, guide and advise the NCS in the planning and development of an education centre in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park. Part I documents the processes of engagement and interaction between the NCS in HUP and neighbouring communities during this period, which led to the need for an education centre, whilst placing and contextualizing the process within historical, socio-political and organisational processes. This is taken further with a description of the research process and an analytical narrative of four key programmes. Part I concludes with a summary of the outcomes of the planning process which shows how through local community input and partiCipation, and through networking with other EE practitioners, a conceptual development plan for the Mambeni Education Centre emerged. The second part of this report (Part 2) is the conceptual development plan which has emerged out of the processes described in Part 1. This plan constitutes practical guidelines for the NCS on how to develop and manage the Mambeni Education Centre. More specifically the plan provides ideas about: what type of centre it should be and where it should be located; who the stake-holders are, their educational neees and ideas for possible programmes; the physical and logistical requirements; managemynt and staffing structures and a detailed business plan. The report intends to draw the reader into understanding the complex social and environmental issues that the collaborative partnership of 'People and Parks' are engaging with, so that the Mambeni Environmental Education Centre can playa [more] meaningful and responsive role in contributing to processes of social transformation. In sharing this environmental education re(search) story which represents a unique approach to centre development, it is hoped that the notion of environmental education centres might be viewed by environmental educators through a different set of lenses. Through having the participants' views represented, I wish the report to reflect the richness of the research process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Materials in flexible learning teacher education courses in environmental education : an evaluative case study
- Authors: Molose, Vivian Innotantia
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Environmental education -- Study and teaching Environmental education -- Study and teaching -- Evaluation Environmental education -- South Africa -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1672 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003555
- Description: The study aimed at researching the role of materials in flexible learning teacher education courses, specifically looking at the Eastern Cape Teacher Course as a case study. The research aimed at exploring how courses and materials were developed, selected, used and adapted or redeveloped so as to support the course orientation and the intended outcomes. I did this with the hope that my research might inform the process of improving the role of course materials in flexible learning teacher education courses. I did a naturalistic enquiry within which I interviewed 39 participants (teachers and teacher educators) and two course co-ordinators. I also analysed documents such as the course materials, nine participants' journals and seven of their assignments. The observation notes compiled during the early days of the course were not used as a main source of data but as support to data sources mentioned above. Questionnaires were handed out to all the course participants, i.e. course co-ordinators, tutors and student participants. The questionnaires were intended as a means for pre interview and post interview reflection for interviewees. Through this research, I have learnt a lot about the role of materials in professional development courses, including the importance of mediation of materials and their overt use during course sessions, the importance of providing and encouraging a culture of reading through time allocation during contact sessions, through discussions on materials, and also through providing orientating comm~nts on materials rather than just handing them out to participants. Readings that are more focussed do better to motivate participants to interact with them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Molose, Vivian Innotantia
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Environmental education -- Study and teaching Environmental education -- Study and teaching -- Evaluation Environmental education -- South Africa -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1672 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003555
- Description: The study aimed at researching the role of materials in flexible learning teacher education courses, specifically looking at the Eastern Cape Teacher Course as a case study. The research aimed at exploring how courses and materials were developed, selected, used and adapted or redeveloped so as to support the course orientation and the intended outcomes. I did this with the hope that my research might inform the process of improving the role of course materials in flexible learning teacher education courses. I did a naturalistic enquiry within which I interviewed 39 participants (teachers and teacher educators) and two course co-ordinators. I also analysed documents such as the course materials, nine participants' journals and seven of their assignments. The observation notes compiled during the early days of the course were not used as a main source of data but as support to data sources mentioned above. Questionnaires were handed out to all the course participants, i.e. course co-ordinators, tutors and student participants. The questionnaires were intended as a means for pre interview and post interview reflection for interviewees. Through this research, I have learnt a lot about the role of materials in professional development courses, including the importance of mediation of materials and their overt use during course sessions, the importance of providing and encouraging a culture of reading through time allocation during contact sessions, through discussions on materials, and also through providing orientating comm~nts on materials rather than just handing them out to participants. Readings that are more focussed do better to motivate participants to interact with them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
May essential provisions of a contract be determined by one of the parties alone
- Kerr, Alistair J, Glover, Graham B
- Authors: Kerr, Alistair J , Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70912 , vital:29759 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/soaf117&id=211&collection=journals&index=
- Description: When the Supreme Court of Appeal raises a question but does not answer it, what it says can be interpreted as an invitation to all those interested in the topic to discuss it. This note is a response to such an invitation in NBS Boland Bank v One Berg River Drive CC, Deeb v ABSA Bank Ltd, Friedman v Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd 1999 (4) SA 928 (SCA);[1999] 4 All SA 183, hereinafter referred to as the NBS Boland Bank case.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Kerr, Alistair J , Glover, Graham B
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70912 , vital:29759 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/soaf117&id=211&collection=journals&index=
- Description: When the Supreme Court of Appeal raises a question but does not answer it, what it says can be interpreted as an invitation to all those interested in the topic to discuss it. This note is a response to such an invitation in NBS Boland Bank v One Berg River Drive CC, Deeb v ABSA Bank Ltd, Friedman v Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd 1999 (4) SA 928 (SCA);[1999] 4 All SA 183, hereinafter referred to as the NBS Boland Bank case.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
Melatonin alters the photodegradation of paracetamol
- Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Glass, Beverley D, Walker, Roderick B, Daya, Santylal
- Authors: Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra , Glass, Beverley D , Walker, Roderick B , Daya, Santylal
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184357 , vital:44211 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128735755"
- Description: The effects of melatonin, a known free-radical scavenger, on paracetamol in the presence of UV irradiation was studied by use of HPLC. The experiments were performed in air and nitrogen. The results show that the rate of photodegradation of melatonin is faster in air than in nitrogen whereas that of paracetamol is similar in air and nitrogen. When the two drugs were combined, melatonin retarded the degradation of paracetamol for up to 6h in the presence of nitrogen. However, in the presence of air melatonin rapidly enhances the photodegradation of paracetamol. This study shows that a combination of melatonin and paracetamol in the presence of air and UV irradiation can lead to rapid inactivation of both agents, thus raising important concerns about the possible use of melatonin as sunscreen
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra , Glass, Beverley D , Walker, Roderick B , Daya, Santylal
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184357 , vital:44211 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128735755"
- Description: The effects of melatonin, a known free-radical scavenger, on paracetamol in the presence of UV irradiation was studied by use of HPLC. The experiments were performed in air and nitrogen. The results show that the rate of photodegradation of melatonin is faster in air than in nitrogen whereas that of paracetamol is similar in air and nitrogen. When the two drugs were combined, melatonin retarded the degradation of paracetamol for up to 6h in the presence of nitrogen. However, in the presence of air melatonin rapidly enhances the photodegradation of paracetamol. This study shows that a combination of melatonin and paracetamol in the presence of air and UV irradiation can lead to rapid inactivation of both agents, thus raising important concerns about the possible use of melatonin as sunscreen
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Mesozooplankton community structure in the vicinity of the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean) 37⁰ 50'E, 46⁰ 45'S
- Authors: Hunt, Brian Peter Vere
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Zooplankton , Zooplankton -- Prince Edward Islands , Phytoplankton , Chlorophyll
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5732 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005418 , Zooplankton , Zooplankton -- Prince Edward Islands , Phytoplankton , Chlorophyll
- Description: Mesozooplankton community structure in the vicinity of the Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) was investigated during six surveys conducted in late austral summer (April/May), 1996 to 1999. Each year zooplankton samples were collected with a bongo net (300 µm mesh) at stations upstream (west), between and downstream (east) of the islands. Chlorophyll a concentrations were determined fluorometrically, corresponding with each net tow. The positions of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), in relation to the islands in the upstream region, were determined by a line of CTD and/or XBT stations. Both the SAF and the APF were characterised by a high degree of meridional variation in position. Changes in position of the fronts were shown to occur very rapidly. In 1999 the APF moved southwards by ~40nm and the SAF northwards by ~60nm in a period of two weeks, while in 1996 the SAF appeared to move ~120nm northwards in a two week period. The positions of the SAF and APF appeared to have a significant impact on phytoplankton biomass in the vicinity of the PEIs, through the alteration of local flow dynamics. Water retention in 1996, associated with the location of the SAF and APF far to the north and south of the PEIs respectively, corresponded with high chlorophyll a concentrations in the inter-island region (reaching 1.54 mg.m^(-3)). When the fronts were close to the islands, in 1997 and 1999, and a flow through environment existed, chlorophyll a concentrations in the inter-island region were comparatively low. Although biomass enhancement was only observed at the SAF in 1996, phytoplankton size structure in 1999 indicated that, when close to the PEIs, frontal production may be transported to the island system. This is potentially an important source of allochthonous input into the island system. Zooplankton assemblages were a mix of sub-Antarctic and Antarctic communities, with a weak presence of sub-tropical species. Cluster analysis showed that during each survey the region in the vicinity of the PEIs was divided into different, spatially separated zooplankton communities, associated with water masses of different origins. These communities were identified by variations in the abundance and biomass of species rather than variation in species composition and, in general, there was a relatively high degree of similarity both within and between surveys. Inter-annual community analysis revealed that, in many cases, there was greater similarity between communities from different years than communities within years, indicating that short-term variability exceeded inter-annual variability. Multiple regression analysis showed that the major correlate with zooplankton community structure during all surveys was sea temperature, accounting for as much as 77% of the variation in community structure. Temperature was indicative of the relative contribution of sub-Antarctic and Antarctic communities, with low temperatures being characterised by an increased predominance of Antarctic communities and vice versa. The differentiation between sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters, and their respective communities, was particularly pronounced when the SAF and APF were in close proximity to the islands. Surface salinity and sounding had limited effect on community structure. The affect of sounding was intrinsically related to zooplankton interaction with the island ecosystem. Predation by the islands' land based predators and benthic fish appears to decrease zooplankton biomass over the island shelf, particularly the macrozooplankton size fraction. However, this may only be an important factor under conditions of water retention when replenishment of zooplankton stocks is low. The low densities of many macrozooplankton species, and other deep migrators, on the island shelf may be due to their limited advection onto shallow topography. By contrast, there are indications that zooplankton species occurring at shallower depths may be concentrated in the inter-island region by mesoscale flow patterns. Analysis of the population structure of the copepod Calanus simillimus showed that this species occurred at different stages in its life cycle during different years, even though sampling took place in the same calendar months, indicating that there was inter-annual variation in the timing of the biological season. Differences in the population structure of species, and consequently their contribution to abundance and biomass, may therefore have been an important contributor to inter-annual variation in community structure. Evidence is provided for a long-term trend of southward movement of the SAF. This may have a significant affect on the PEI ecosystem, increasing the proportion of allochthonous input and altering the tropho-dynamics of the island ecosystem
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Hunt, Brian Peter Vere
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Zooplankton , Zooplankton -- Prince Edward Islands , Phytoplankton , Chlorophyll
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5732 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005418 , Zooplankton , Zooplankton -- Prince Edward Islands , Phytoplankton , Chlorophyll
- Description: Mesozooplankton community structure in the vicinity of the Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) was investigated during six surveys conducted in late austral summer (April/May), 1996 to 1999. Each year zooplankton samples were collected with a bongo net (300 µm mesh) at stations upstream (west), between and downstream (east) of the islands. Chlorophyll a concentrations were determined fluorometrically, corresponding with each net tow. The positions of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), in relation to the islands in the upstream region, were determined by a line of CTD and/or XBT stations. Both the SAF and the APF were characterised by a high degree of meridional variation in position. Changes in position of the fronts were shown to occur very rapidly. In 1999 the APF moved southwards by ~40nm and the SAF northwards by ~60nm in a period of two weeks, while in 1996 the SAF appeared to move ~120nm northwards in a two week period. The positions of the SAF and APF appeared to have a significant impact on phytoplankton biomass in the vicinity of the PEIs, through the alteration of local flow dynamics. Water retention in 1996, associated with the location of the SAF and APF far to the north and south of the PEIs respectively, corresponded with high chlorophyll a concentrations in the inter-island region (reaching 1.54 mg.m^(-3)). When the fronts were close to the islands, in 1997 and 1999, and a flow through environment existed, chlorophyll a concentrations in the inter-island region were comparatively low. Although biomass enhancement was only observed at the SAF in 1996, phytoplankton size structure in 1999 indicated that, when close to the PEIs, frontal production may be transported to the island system. This is potentially an important source of allochthonous input into the island system. Zooplankton assemblages were a mix of sub-Antarctic and Antarctic communities, with a weak presence of sub-tropical species. Cluster analysis showed that during each survey the region in the vicinity of the PEIs was divided into different, spatially separated zooplankton communities, associated with water masses of different origins. These communities were identified by variations in the abundance and biomass of species rather than variation in species composition and, in general, there was a relatively high degree of similarity both within and between surveys. Inter-annual community analysis revealed that, in many cases, there was greater similarity between communities from different years than communities within years, indicating that short-term variability exceeded inter-annual variability. Multiple regression analysis showed that the major correlate with zooplankton community structure during all surveys was sea temperature, accounting for as much as 77% of the variation in community structure. Temperature was indicative of the relative contribution of sub-Antarctic and Antarctic communities, with low temperatures being characterised by an increased predominance of Antarctic communities and vice versa. The differentiation between sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters, and their respective communities, was particularly pronounced when the SAF and APF were in close proximity to the islands. Surface salinity and sounding had limited effect on community structure. The affect of sounding was intrinsically related to zooplankton interaction with the island ecosystem. Predation by the islands' land based predators and benthic fish appears to decrease zooplankton biomass over the island shelf, particularly the macrozooplankton size fraction. However, this may only be an important factor under conditions of water retention when replenishment of zooplankton stocks is low. The low densities of many macrozooplankton species, and other deep migrators, on the island shelf may be due to their limited advection onto shallow topography. By contrast, there are indications that zooplankton species occurring at shallower depths may be concentrated in the inter-island region by mesoscale flow patterns. Analysis of the population structure of the copepod Calanus simillimus showed that this species occurred at different stages in its life cycle during different years, even though sampling took place in the same calendar months, indicating that there was inter-annual variation in the timing of the biological season. Differences in the population structure of species, and consequently their contribution to abundance and biomass, may therefore have been an important contributor to inter-annual variation in community structure. Evidence is provided for a long-term trend of southward movement of the SAF. This may have a significant affect on the PEI ecosystem, increasing the proportion of allochthonous input and altering the tropho-dynamics of the island ecosystem
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Methods for designing and optimizing fuzzy controllers
- Authors: Swartz, Andre Michael
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Fuzzy sets , Fuzzy systems , Automatic control
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5412 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005226 , Fuzzy sets , Fuzzy systems , Automatic control
- Description: We start by discussing fuzzy sets and the algebra of fuzzy sets. We consider some properties of fuzzy modeling tools. This is followed by considering the Mamdani and Sugeno models for designing fuzzy controllers. Various methods for using sets of data for desining controllers are discussed. This is followed by a chapter illustrating the use of genetic algorithms in designing and optimizing fuzzy controllers.Finally we look at some previous applications of fuzzy control in telecommunication networks, and illustrate a simple application that was developed as part of the present work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Swartz, Andre Michael
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Fuzzy sets , Fuzzy systems , Automatic control
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5412 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005226 , Fuzzy sets , Fuzzy systems , Automatic control
- Description: We start by discussing fuzzy sets and the algebra of fuzzy sets. We consider some properties of fuzzy modeling tools. This is followed by considering the Mamdani and Sugeno models for designing fuzzy controllers. Various methods for using sets of data for desining controllers are discussed. This is followed by a chapter illustrating the use of genetic algorithms in designing and optimizing fuzzy controllers.Finally we look at some previous applications of fuzzy control in telecommunication networks, and illustrate a simple application that was developed as part of the present work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Microemulsions : a new perspective in the treatment of paediatric and geriatric tuberculosis patients
- Authors: Wisch, Michael Henry
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Emulsions (Pharmacy) , Tuberculosis -- Treatment -- South Africa , Tuberculosis in children -- Treatment , Tuberculosis in old age -- Treatment , Tuberculosis -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3805 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003283 , Emulsions (Pharmacy) , Tuberculosis -- Treatment -- South Africa , Tuberculosis in children -- Treatment , Tuberculosis in old age -- Treatment , Tuberculosis -- Treatment
- Description: Tuberculosis(TB) was declared to be a global emergency in 1993, with South Africa declaring it to be the country’s top health priority in 1996, but ineffective treatment strategies have led to fewer than half of all treated patients in South Africa being cured. At present,paediatric treatment remains a problem, as the antitubercular preparations of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, that are currently available, were not initially designed for the treatment of paediatric TB patients, providing a motivation for this project. The aim of this project is thus the development of a microemulsion dosage form for the oral delivery of RIF(Rifampicin), INH(Isoniazid) and PZA(Pyrazinamide) in combination. RIF, INH and PZA were adequately characterised with reference to the monograph standards referenced and were found to be sufficiently pure to be used in subsequent work. A chromatographic system and conditions were selected and validated as being optimal for HPLC analysis of RIF, INH and PZA in combination, with a drug partitioning method for miglyol 812 developed and validated. Ternary and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed and reported, all employing miglyol 812 as the lipid. It was undoubtedly the imwitor 308 and crillet 3 combination o/w microemulsion system that proved most successful, maintaining homogeneity on dilution. The microemulsion used in formulation comprised imwitor 308 (27.63%), crillet 3 (27.63%), miglyol 812 23.68%) and water (21.06%). The stability of RIF, INH and PZA was investigated in aqueous solution, miglyol 812, corn oil, 10%m/v cremophor RH, 5%m/v imwitor 308, 10%m/v crillet 3 and 70%m/v sorbitol solution. Trends in the stability assessments conducted on RIF, INH and PZA were noted, with slight variation depending on the formulation component being evaluated. RIF invariably demonstrated temperature and oxidation dependent degradation in all vehicles, with a definite distinction possible between samples stored at 25, 40 and 600C over a 7 day trial period. A definite advantage of storing RIF solutions under nitrogen was observed, with these solutions showing less degradation over the course of the trial, than those stored under air. INH produced a pronounced increase in the degree of degradation of RIF, whereas PZA had a negligible effect on it’s stability. INH proved to be most stable in the 70%m/v sorbitol solution with no significant oxidation or temperature dependent degradation indicated. Temperature dependent degradation was only noticable when INH was in combination with RIF, most significant in crillet 3 solution. PZA was the most stable of the three drugs, remaining relatively unaffected by temperature and the presence of air, independent of the vehicle employed, although the drug remaining did decrease slightly in the presence of RIF.Due to drug dose specifications and solubility limitations, the final formulation assessed, only contained RIF and INH, despite INH and PZA having no significant effect on the stability of each other. The solubility of PZA in the lipid and aqueous components of the microemulsion was not great enough to achieve the required 500 mg/10ml dose, while RIF and INH could achieve the respective 150mg/10ml and 100mg/10ml dose. RIF stability was improved, as anticipated, with the incorporation of RIF into the internal phase decreasing contact with INH which has been shown to affect it’s stability. RIF behaved as predicted, possessing greater stability than shown in the individual formulation components, however, INH did not, being less stable in formulation in the absence of antioxidant, than in it’s presence. A novel microemulsion formulation capable of delivering the incompatible RIF and INH in combination, with numerous microemulsion systems mapped,with the ability of being used for the delivery of other lipophilic drugs and drug combinations, was produced.The final formulation provided valuable information into possible future improvements of the microemulsion to improve drug stability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Wisch, Michael Henry
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Emulsions (Pharmacy) , Tuberculosis -- Treatment -- South Africa , Tuberculosis in children -- Treatment , Tuberculosis in old age -- Treatment , Tuberculosis -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3805 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003283 , Emulsions (Pharmacy) , Tuberculosis -- Treatment -- South Africa , Tuberculosis in children -- Treatment , Tuberculosis in old age -- Treatment , Tuberculosis -- Treatment
- Description: Tuberculosis(TB) was declared to be a global emergency in 1993, with South Africa declaring it to be the country’s top health priority in 1996, but ineffective treatment strategies have led to fewer than half of all treated patients in South Africa being cured. At present,paediatric treatment remains a problem, as the antitubercular preparations of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, that are currently available, were not initially designed for the treatment of paediatric TB patients, providing a motivation for this project. The aim of this project is thus the development of a microemulsion dosage form for the oral delivery of RIF(Rifampicin), INH(Isoniazid) and PZA(Pyrazinamide) in combination. RIF, INH and PZA were adequately characterised with reference to the monograph standards referenced and were found to be sufficiently pure to be used in subsequent work. A chromatographic system and conditions were selected and validated as being optimal for HPLC analysis of RIF, INH and PZA in combination, with a drug partitioning method for miglyol 812 developed and validated. Ternary and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed and reported, all employing miglyol 812 as the lipid. It was undoubtedly the imwitor 308 and crillet 3 combination o/w microemulsion system that proved most successful, maintaining homogeneity on dilution. The microemulsion used in formulation comprised imwitor 308 (27.63%), crillet 3 (27.63%), miglyol 812 23.68%) and water (21.06%). The stability of RIF, INH and PZA was investigated in aqueous solution, miglyol 812, corn oil, 10%m/v cremophor RH, 5%m/v imwitor 308, 10%m/v crillet 3 and 70%m/v sorbitol solution. Trends in the stability assessments conducted on RIF, INH and PZA were noted, with slight variation depending on the formulation component being evaluated. RIF invariably demonstrated temperature and oxidation dependent degradation in all vehicles, with a definite distinction possible between samples stored at 25, 40 and 600C over a 7 day trial period. A definite advantage of storing RIF solutions under nitrogen was observed, with these solutions showing less degradation over the course of the trial, than those stored under air. INH produced a pronounced increase in the degree of degradation of RIF, whereas PZA had a negligible effect on it’s stability. INH proved to be most stable in the 70%m/v sorbitol solution with no significant oxidation or temperature dependent degradation indicated. Temperature dependent degradation was only noticable when INH was in combination with RIF, most significant in crillet 3 solution. PZA was the most stable of the three drugs, remaining relatively unaffected by temperature and the presence of air, independent of the vehicle employed, although the drug remaining did decrease slightly in the presence of RIF.Due to drug dose specifications and solubility limitations, the final formulation assessed, only contained RIF and INH, despite INH and PZA having no significant effect on the stability of each other. The solubility of PZA in the lipid and aqueous components of the microemulsion was not great enough to achieve the required 500 mg/10ml dose, while RIF and INH could achieve the respective 150mg/10ml and 100mg/10ml dose. RIF stability was improved, as anticipated, with the incorporation of RIF into the internal phase decreasing contact with INH which has been shown to affect it’s stability. RIF behaved as predicted, possessing greater stability than shown in the individual formulation components, however, INH did not, being less stable in formulation in the absence of antioxidant, than in it’s presence. A novel microemulsion formulation capable of delivering the incompatible RIF and INH in combination, with numerous microemulsion systems mapped,with the ability of being used for the delivery of other lipophilic drugs and drug combinations, was produced.The final formulation provided valuable information into possible future improvements of the microemulsion to improve drug stability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Minimal motion capture with inverse kinematics for articulated human figure animation
- Authors: Casanueva, Luis
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Virtual reality , Image processing -- Digital techniques
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4620 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006485 , Virtual reality , Image processing -- Digital techniques
- Description: Animating an articulated figure usually requires expensive hardware in terms of motion capture equipment, processing power and rendering power. This implies a high cost system and thus eliminates the use of personal computers to drive avatars in virtual environments. We propose a system to animate an articulated human upper body in real-time, using minimal motion capture trackers to provide position and orientation for the limbs. The system has to drive an avatar in a virtual environment on a low-end computer. The cost of the motion capture equipment must be relatively low (hence the use of minimal trackers). We discuss the various types of motion capture equipment and decide to use electromagnetic trackers which are adequate for our requirements while being reasonably priced. We also discuss the use of inverse kinematics to solve for the articulated chains making up the topology of the articulated figure. Furthermore, we offer a method to describe articulated chains as well as a process to specify the reach of up to four link chains with various levels of redundancy for use in articulated figures. We then provide various types of constraints to reduce the redundancy of non-defined articulated chains, specifically for chains found in an articulated human upper body. Such methods include a way to solve for the redundancy in the orientation of the neck link, as well as three different methods to solve the redundancy of the articulated human arm. The first method involves eliminating a degree of freedom from the chain, thus reducing its redundancy. The second method calculates the elevation angle of the elbow position from the elevation angle of the hand. The third method determines the actual position of the elbow from an average of previous positions of the elbow according to the position and orientation of the hand. The previous positions of the elbow are captured during the calibration process. The redundancy of the neck is easily solved due to the small amount of redundancy in the chain. When solving the arm, the first method which should give a perfect result in theory, gives a poor result in practice due to the limitations of both the motion capture equipment and the design. The second method provides an adequate result for the position of the redundant elbow in most cases although fails in some cases. Still it benefits from a simple approach as well as very little need for calibration. The third method provides the most accurate method of the three for the position of the redundant elbow although it also fails in some cases. This method however requires a long calibration session for each user. The last two methods allow for the calibration data to be used in latter session, thus reducing considerably the calibration required. In combination with a virtual reality system, these processes allow for the real-time animation of an articulated figure to drive avatars in virtual environments or for low quality animation on a low-end computer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Casanueva, Luis
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Virtual reality , Image processing -- Digital techniques
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4620 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006485 , Virtual reality , Image processing -- Digital techniques
- Description: Animating an articulated figure usually requires expensive hardware in terms of motion capture equipment, processing power and rendering power. This implies a high cost system and thus eliminates the use of personal computers to drive avatars in virtual environments. We propose a system to animate an articulated human upper body in real-time, using minimal motion capture trackers to provide position and orientation for the limbs. The system has to drive an avatar in a virtual environment on a low-end computer. The cost of the motion capture equipment must be relatively low (hence the use of minimal trackers). We discuss the various types of motion capture equipment and decide to use electromagnetic trackers which are adequate for our requirements while being reasonably priced. We also discuss the use of inverse kinematics to solve for the articulated chains making up the topology of the articulated figure. Furthermore, we offer a method to describe articulated chains as well as a process to specify the reach of up to four link chains with various levels of redundancy for use in articulated figures. We then provide various types of constraints to reduce the redundancy of non-defined articulated chains, specifically for chains found in an articulated human upper body. Such methods include a way to solve for the redundancy in the orientation of the neck link, as well as three different methods to solve the redundancy of the articulated human arm. The first method involves eliminating a degree of freedom from the chain, thus reducing its redundancy. The second method calculates the elevation angle of the elbow position from the elevation angle of the hand. The third method determines the actual position of the elbow from an average of previous positions of the elbow according to the position and orientation of the hand. The previous positions of the elbow are captured during the calibration process. The redundancy of the neck is easily solved due to the small amount of redundancy in the chain. When solving the arm, the first method which should give a perfect result in theory, gives a poor result in practice due to the limitations of both the motion capture equipment and the design. The second method provides an adequate result for the position of the redundant elbow in most cases although fails in some cases. Still it benefits from a simple approach as well as very little need for calibration. The third method provides the most accurate method of the three for the position of the redundant elbow although it also fails in some cases. This method however requires a long calibration session for each user. The last two methods allow for the calibration data to be used in latter session, thus reducing considerably the calibration required. In combination with a virtual reality system, these processes allow for the real-time animation of an articulated figure to drive avatars in virtual environments or for low quality animation on a low-end computer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Minor "dings" - major effects? a study into the cognitive effects of mild head injuries in high school rugby
- Authors: Ackermann, Tessa Ruth
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Rugby football injuries , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Psychology , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Complications , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:2920 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002429 , Rugby football injuries , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Psychology , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Complications , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Description: The present study is part of a larger and ongoing research initiative investigating the cumulative cognitive effects of mild head injury in rugby union and focused specifically on high school rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to top team high school rugby players (n = 47), and a non-contact sport control group of top team high school hockey players (n = 34). Direct comparisons of group mean scores and standard deviations across each neuropsychological test were carried out for the Total Rugby group versus the Total Hockey group as well as for the subgroups Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. A correlational analysis was conducted to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the number of mild head injuries reported by the players and their cognitive test performance. Results of the group comparisons of means and variability on WMS Paired Associate Learning Hard Pairs - Delayed Recall provides tentative indications of the initial stages of diffuse damage associated with mild head injury in the rugby group and provides some evidence for impairment of verbal learning and memory in the Rugby Forwards group. The correlational analysis revealed no significant relationship between number of reported mild head injuries and cognitive performance. The findings and possible latent effects of the multiple mild head injuries reported by the rugby players are discussed in terms of brain reserve capacity theory and suggestions for future research are provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Ackermann, Tessa Ruth
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Rugby football injuries , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Psychology , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Complications , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:2920 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002429 , Rugby football injuries , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Psychology , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Complications , Head -- Wounds and injuries -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Description: The present study is part of a larger and ongoing research initiative investigating the cumulative cognitive effects of mild head injury in rugby union and focused specifically on high school rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to top team high school rugby players (n = 47), and a non-contact sport control group of top team high school hockey players (n = 34). Direct comparisons of group mean scores and standard deviations across each neuropsychological test were carried out for the Total Rugby group versus the Total Hockey group as well as for the subgroups Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. A correlational analysis was conducted to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the number of mild head injuries reported by the players and their cognitive test performance. Results of the group comparisons of means and variability on WMS Paired Associate Learning Hard Pairs - Delayed Recall provides tentative indications of the initial stages of diffuse damage associated with mild head injury in the rugby group and provides some evidence for impairment of verbal learning and memory in the Rugby Forwards group. The correlational analysis revealed no significant relationship between number of reported mild head injuries and cognitive performance. The findings and possible latent effects of the multiple mild head injuries reported by the rugby players are discussed in terms of brain reserve capacity theory and suggestions for future research are provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Morphological development in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa
- Authors: Hobson, Carol Bonnin
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Grammar, Comparative and general -- Morphology Xhosa language -- Foreign speakers Xhosa language -- Morphology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002630
- Description: This study investigates the development of morphology in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa. A quasi-longitudinal research design is used to trace development in the oral interlanguage of six learners of Xhosa for a period of eight months. The elicitation tasks employed range from fairly unstructured conversation tasks to highly structured sentence-manipulation tasks. The learners have varying levels of competence at the beginning of the study and they are exposed to input mainly in formal contexts of learning. One of the aims of the study is to investigate whether the features of interlanguage identified in other studies appear in the learner language in this study. Most other studies discussed in the literature have investigated the features of the interlanguage produced by learners of analytic and inflectional languages. However, this study analyses the interlanguage of learners of an agglutinative language. Studies of other languages have concluded that learners do not use inflectional or agreement morphology at early stages of development and this conclusion is tested for learners of an agglutinative language in this study. Since agreement and inflectional morphology play a central role in conveying meaning in Xhosa, it is found that learners use morphology from the beginning of the learning process. Although forms may be used incorrectly and the functions of forms may be restricted, morphemes appear in the interlanguage of learners of this study earlier than other studies predict. One of the characteristics of early interlanguage and an early form of learner language called the Basic Variety (Klein & Perdue 1997) is the lack of morphology, but this feature proves to be inadequate as a measure of early development in the interlanguage of learners of a language such as Xhosa. This study concludes, therefore, that the presence of morphology in the interlanguage of learners of Xhosa cannot be an indicator of advanced language development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Hobson, Carol Bonnin
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Grammar, Comparative and general -- Morphology Xhosa language -- Foreign speakers Xhosa language -- Morphology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002630
- Description: This study investigates the development of morphology in the interlanguage of English learners of Xhosa. A quasi-longitudinal research design is used to trace development in the oral interlanguage of six learners of Xhosa for a period of eight months. The elicitation tasks employed range from fairly unstructured conversation tasks to highly structured sentence-manipulation tasks. The learners have varying levels of competence at the beginning of the study and they are exposed to input mainly in formal contexts of learning. One of the aims of the study is to investigate whether the features of interlanguage identified in other studies appear in the learner language in this study. Most other studies discussed in the literature have investigated the features of the interlanguage produced by learners of analytic and inflectional languages. However, this study analyses the interlanguage of learners of an agglutinative language. Studies of other languages have concluded that learners do not use inflectional or agreement morphology at early stages of development and this conclusion is tested for learners of an agglutinative language in this study. Since agreement and inflectional morphology play a central role in conveying meaning in Xhosa, it is found that learners use morphology from the beginning of the learning process. Although forms may be used incorrectly and the functions of forms may be restricted, morphemes appear in the interlanguage of learners of this study earlier than other studies predict. One of the characteristics of early interlanguage and an early form of learner language called the Basic Variety (Klein & Perdue 1997) is the lack of morphology, but this feature proves to be inadequate as a measure of early development in the interlanguage of learners of a language such as Xhosa. This study concludes, therefore, that the presence of morphology in the interlanguage of learners of Xhosa cannot be an indicator of advanced language development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Mort ne au 4 Avril
- Didier Sourou Awadi aka DJ Awadi (performer, author), Amadou Barry aka Doug E. Tee, Duggy Tee (performer, author), Palm Tree Enter/Africa with P.B.S. Production
- Authors: Didier Sourou Awadi aka DJ Awadi (performer, author) , Amadou Barry aka Doug E. Tee, Duggy Tee (performer, author) , Palm Tree Enter/Africa with P.B.S. Production
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Rap (Music) , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , English , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131474 , vital:36585 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC53-04
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof, accompanied by traditional Senegalese kora and tama musical instruments, as well as Western instruments
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Didier Sourou Awadi aka DJ Awadi (performer, author) , Amadou Barry aka Doug E. Tee, Duggy Tee (performer, author) , Palm Tree Enter/Africa with P.B.S. Production
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Rap (Music) , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , English , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131474 , vital:36585 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC53-04
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof, accompanied by traditional Senegalese kora and tama musical instruments, as well as Western instruments
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2000
Multiple metaphors in an understanding of academic literacy
- Authors: Boughey, Chrissie
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6088 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008587
- Description: This article describes understandings derived from work in a first year Systematic Philosophy class at a historically black South African university which challenge the assumptions on which the writer has based her practice as a teacher of English as a second language for many years. These assumptions focus on the perception of problems related to the production and reception of academic texts as solely, or even mainly, linguistic in origin. Analysis of writing and interviews with students suggests that the problems in the writing stem mainly from their unfamiliarity with academic discourses in spite of the fact that all are speakers of English as an additional language.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Boughey, Chrissie
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6088 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008587
- Description: This article describes understandings derived from work in a first year Systematic Philosophy class at a historically black South African university which challenge the assumptions on which the writer has based her practice as a teacher of English as a second language for many years. These assumptions focus on the perception of problems related to the production and reception of academic texts as solely, or even mainly, linguistic in origin. Analysis of writing and interviews with students suggests that the problems in the writing stem mainly from their unfamiliarity with academic discourses in spite of the fact that all are speakers of English as an additional language.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000