The development of mobile money services and financial inclusion in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chingono, Kudzaishe Emily
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462691 , vital:76326
- Description: Purpose- The use of mobile phones in Zimbabwe fostered the development of various financial innovations, such as mobile money services. It is important to note that the use of mobile money services in Zimbabwe has gradually increased. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the development of mobile money services and financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The main goal was to determine if there is a correlation between financial inclusion and the development of mobile money services. Design and Methodological approach: This study used a quantitative research design in which time series data was used to generate the analysis. The data used in the study covered a period of 20 years, starting from 2000 to 2020 on a yearly basis. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model was used to analyze the relationship. Findings: The ARDL study results showed that in the long run, there is no statistically significant correlation between the development of mobile money services and financial inclusion, and this is suggested by the long-term relationship between the two variables over a period of 20 years. In the short run, the study findings showed that the development of mobile money services have a positive significant influence on financial inclusion with. Therefore, increase in mobile money usage was associated with increase in financial inclusion. Between the period 2000 and 2020, the major determinants of mobile moneys services are age, number of ATMs, financial literacy, income level and mobile phone penetration. The tests also showed that these variables significantly and positively influenced use of mobile money as a financial inclusion tool in Zimbabwe (p<.05). Research Limitations: The study did not find a lot of current relevant literature that would explain the relationship between mobile money services and financial inclusion. Majority of the work was carried out in other countries, and little was covered in Zimbabwe. Practical Implications: The study results implies that government should put in place measure to ensure the expansion of mobile money services in the rural areas. The mobile telecommunication firms should ensure increased mobile phone penetration. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The impact of corruption on stock market performance : evidence from BRICS
- Authors: Kapase, Siphe
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462724 , vital:76329
- Description: This thesis examines the impact of corruption perception on stock market performance across BRICS nations from 2010 to 2022 using a primarily quantitative approach. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as Corruption as Grease, Corruption as Sand, and New Institutional Economics, the study employs the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. It explores how corruption perceptions influence stock market capitalization (MCAP) over various time horizons. It utilizes empirical data and advanced techniques like unit root testing and cointegration tests to provide insights into short-term fluctuations and long-term trends in financial markets. The findings reveal significant long-term negative effects of the corruption perception index (CPI) on MCAP. Higher levels of perceived corruption correlate with lower stock market capitalization over extended periods, underscoring the persistent impact of institutional weaknesses on market stability. Short-term analyses show varying adjustment speeds towards equilibrium among BRICS nations, reflecting different economic contexts and policy responses to corruption. The findings suggest that investors should focus on markets with lower corruption perceptions for better stock market performance and advise policymakers to enhance transparency to build more resilient financial markets. Future research should continue to explore the impact of corruption on BRICS nations. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The impact of Fintech firms on bank performance: analysing the South African case (2009-2021)
- Authors: Runyowa, Simon Simbarashe
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462812 , vital:76337
- Description: The growth of the Fintech Firm sector globally was inevitable, given the changes in consumer behaviour, expectations, and the ever-changing and evolving nature of technology. The sector saw a sharp increase during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and was driven by digital payments, government policy, less stringent regulation, and technological innovation. Unsurprisingly, South Africa was home to a mature and developing Fintech sector primarily driven by money transfers and mobile payments putting Fintech firms in the same market segment as traditional banks but with a more extensive potential customer base through offering easily accessible and lower-cost services. The relationship between the growth of the Fintech firm sector and Bank performance was widely researched within the literature with varying results. The study aimed to add to the body of literature and determine the nature of this relationship in the South African context. The study primarily aimed to determine the relationship and impact of the growth of the Fintech firm payments segment on the performance of the South African Banking sector. Additionally, the study aimed to measure the sector's growth by creating a Fintech Growth Index. Using the Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effect and the Generalized Method of Moments estimation techniques, estimations between Bank performance variables and the Fintech growth Index were analysed between 2009 and 2021. Firstly, the study found the growth of the Fintech payments segment to be positive. Secondly, the study found that the growth of the payment segment had a negative relationship and impact on the financial performance of South African banks. The findings of this study have implications for the development and regulatory framework of the South African Fintech sector as well as its interaction with the South African banking sector. Furthermore, policymakers may find that the growth of the Fintech Firm sector has overall positive benefits for financial inclusion for South African consumers. The study recommended that future research be taken to address the gap in the literature regarding the growth of the South African Fintech sector. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The integration of sustainability in municipalities in South Africa: an evaluation of an Eastern Cape district municipality’s water supply distribution systems
- Authors: Maxwele, Zukani
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461885 , vital:76248
- Description: The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa mandates municipalities to provide sustainable services to communities, particularly those responsible for water and sanitation. Despite this obligation, many communities in the Oliver Reginald Tambo District Municipality (ORTDM) face prolonged water interruptions due to challenges with infrastructure. This study has assessed the ORTDM’s efforts to integrate sustainability principles into its water supply distribution systems development programmes. Essentially, it aimed to evaluate whether and how ORTDM integrates social, environmental, economic, engineering, and project management sustainability principles into its developmental initiatives. Grounded in the backdrop of global sustainable development imperatives, particularly the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept, the research explored challenges and considerations within local government in pursuit of sustainability in water infrastructure development. Utilising a qualitative research approach within a post-positivism paradigm, the study employed semi-structured interviews and document analysis as primary data collection methods, emphasising triangulation for research validity and ethical considerations throughout the study. Although the initially planned sample size was 12 participants, the study successfully interviewed seven municipal officials from ORTDM’s water and sanitation services delivery department, achieving a participation rate of 58%, which aligns with qualitative research standards. Findings from document analysis and interviews were categorised based on identified sustainability principles, highlighting strategies adopted and challenges encountered by ORTDM, including opportunities available for ORTDM. The study reveals that while ORTDM has made efforts to integrate sustainability principles, numerous challenges, including financial and natural resource constraints, organisational capacity limitations, inadequate infrastructure planning and maintenance, and socio-economic challenges, have hindered desired outcomes. Additionally, issues like vandalism, theft, biodiversity loss, and fragmented water conservation strategies exacerbate sustainability integration challenges. To address these barriers, the study recommends prioritising management approaches to enhance sustainability integration in ORTDM’s water services. Drawing on resilience theory, the study further proposes integrating resilience principles into planning, design, and management processes to improve organisational and system resilience, thus ensuring reliable and sustainable water services. The study emphasises the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative solutions in achieving resilient, equitable, economical, and environmentally responsible water supply distribution systems. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The relationship between financial sector deepening and income inequality in South Africa
- Authors: Mandleni, Siyanda
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462790 , vital:76335
- Description: This research analyzes the relationship between financial sector deepening and income inequality in South Africa from 1980 to 2019, using data from the World Bank Database and the Standardized World Income Inequality Database. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to explore both the long- and short-run relationships that exist between these variables. Additionally, control variables like GDP, inflation, and structural changes that occurred, which include 1994 and 2005 are considered. According to the findings, the financial sector exacerbates income inequality in the long run. These findings highlight the need for policymakers to prioritize inclusive financial sector reforms. One recommendation is to enhance the access of Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) to formal financial services. For example, promoting more black industrialists and SMMEs in the supply of financial products and services. Possible reforms may include adjusting credit requirements for different income groups or offering lower interest rates on loans for businesses. Ensuring that more financial sector gains are retained within black communities can foster inclusive growth by generating jobs and ensuring a more equitable distribution of income. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The relationship between human, social and financial capital and small and medium enterprise (SME) performance in South Africa
- Authors: Siso, Masiso Nomakha
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462823 , vital:76338
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on developing countries, exacerbating economic stagnation, high poverty rates, and unemployment. South Africa, in particular, faces significant challenges, with a 35.3 percent unemployment rate and a 17.4 percent GDP decline in 2021. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are crucial during these economic challenges, traditionally employing a substantial workforce and contributing significantly to the GDP. Despite their importance, SMEs often struggle, with a small percentage surviving the initial two years. Limited research has been conducted on the resources and capabilities crucial for enterprise performance in South Africa. While studies in developed countries exist, few explore the relationship between resources and capabilities facilitating SME performance in developing contexts. This study focuses on human capital, bonding, bridging, and linking social capital, and financial capital as key resources and capabilities. Given the backdrop that many entrepreneurs in South Africa may not possess formal education or extensive work experience, this study contends that financial literacy—encompassing financial knowledge, behaviour, and attitude—serves as a proxy for human capital. Additionally, a notable portion of entrepreneurs in South Africa face a deficit in the skills and knowledge essential for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities. Even among those possessing these capabilities, the challenge lies in the lack of necessary resources, including social and financial capital, to effectively transform such prospects into viable new ventures. This study employed a causal research design and adopted a quantitative research approach within a post-positivist paradigm. The primary objective was to investigate the relationship between the following independent variables; human (where financial literacy was used as a proxy which consisted of financial knowledge, attitude and behaviour), bonding, bridging and linking social capital, and financial capital and the dependent variable; SME performance. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data from SME owners/managers. A pilot study was undertaken, in which an electronic link to the questionnaire was sent to potential respondents. Potential respondents were identified using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Data collection yielded 334 usable responses from SME owners/managers in South Africa. After cleaning the data, the analysis examined the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Cronbach Alpha Coefficient analysis were used to confirm the validity and reliability of the measurement instrument, respectively. Descriptive statistics, regression, and correlation results were reported. Furthermore, a group mean analysis, including independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVAs, were performed to investigate potential significant differences in variables based on demographic and enterprise related variables. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between financial capital and SME performance. This indicates that an entrepreneur's ability to access financial capital or possess financial capital contributes to the performance and success of enterprises in South Africa. This finding underscores the crucial role of financial capital in facilitating the growth and sustainability of enterprises, as it provides a buffer against unfavourable economic shocks, enables entrepreneurs to pursue more capital-intensive strategies, and affords them more time to learn and overcome challenges. Conversely, no significant relationships were found between financial knowledge, behaviour, and attitude, bonding, bridging, and linking social capital, and SME performance. This study contributes to the development of SMEs in South Africa by identifying the critical resources and capabilities essential for their survival and growth. Additionally, it offers valuable recommendations for policymakers to create a conducive environment for entrepreneurs and suggests potential educational initiatives and support structures. Furthermore, this study advocates for the exploration of innovative financing approaches to build a financial cushion and bolster resilience against economic upheavals. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The relationship between REITS and stock market prices during periods of volatility: a Bivariate GARCH analysis
- Authors: Makara, Ntsali Audrey
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462768 , vital:76333
- Description: The relationship between real estate and the stock market is essential because they are the two most highly invested assets. In addition, examining the volatility of any asset is important for risk management and investor portfolio returns. The general motivation for analysing the relationship is that it can provide insight to policymakers and investors about the behaviour of stocks and real estate assets. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS) and stock prices in South Africa using daily data from 2 January 2013 to 31 May 2023. The wealth and credit effects are the two mechanisms used to interpret the relationship. The wealth effect is a mechanism that states that the causal relationship between the two markets runs from increasing stock prices which tends to increase real estate. The credit effect claims that real estate prices influence stock prices. Most of the existing literature has examined the relationship between the two markets but less attention has been given to the volatility spillover effects. Therefore, the analysis presented in this thesis extends the existing research by examining the relationship and the spillover effects between the REITs and stock markets. The study employs quantitative research methodology using the following econometric methods i)Vector Autoregression model, ii) Granger Causality Tests and Bivariate GARCH models. The study found that there is no long-run relationship between REITS and stock prices. In addition, the Granger Causality results showed a unidirectional relationship between REITs and stock prices. The results indicate the presence of a wealth effect in South Africa, meaning that changes in stock prices influence the real estate market. Moreover, the GARCH analysis found volatility spillover effects from the stock to the REITs markets. These results are helpful for policymakers and investors interested in the portfolio and risk management of the two markets. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The stock market and the business cycle in South Africa
- Authors: Pokoo, Patience
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/462801 , vital:76336
- Description: The relationship between the stock market and economic activity has long been a topic for research. Several studies done in both advanced and emerging economies including South Africa before COVID-19 found stock market prices predict the cycle of real economic activity and some found it to be the reversal. Therefore, this Study seeks to examine this topic and will extend beyond the post-covid period exploring the relationship between the stock market (proxied by the JSE All-Share Index) and the business cycle (represented by the Coincident Business Cycle Indicator of the SARB) in South Africa. The study also investigates if the relationship between the stock market and the business cycle is homogenous across the three selected sectors of the JSE using a combination of the “financial accelerator theory”, the “wealth effect theory”, the “traditional valuation model of stock prices”, the “stock prices as aggregators of expectations”, and the “cost of raising equity capital”. The Econometrics models employed include time-series and panel cointegration techniques, relying on the ARDL estimation model and a Granger-Causality Test. The findings of this study indicate that a long-run relationship exists between the stock market and the business cycle in South Africa. The findings support the notion that the stock market predicts economic activity, and this relationship is assumed to be homogenous across the selected Sectors of the JSE (namely, Resources, Financials, and Industrials). Again, the Granger-Causality Test confirms the relationship between the stock market and the business cycle in South Africa to be unidirectional. It is recommended that since the stock market affects South African economic activity positively in the long run which is consistent with findings of similar studies done on the JSE, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) must strengthen existing policy to ensure financial system stability and sustainable economic growth in South Africa. Again, the stock market being a leading indicator of the business cycle is something different. As a recommendation, we need to look at ways to use the prediction ability in a business setting. Investors and Portfolio Managers can follow trends of the stock market to forecast the direction of the future economy to make educated decisions to hedge their investments and diversify their portfolios against huge losses in crises such as the Financial Crises and the Global Health Crisis (COVID-19), however, with the caveat that the stock market does not always accurately predict the business cycle. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
The sustainability impacts and opportunities of reverse osmosis (RO) plants on the quadruple bottom line perspective: a case of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Mfihlo, Cwayita
- Date: 2024-10-11
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461907 , vital:76250
- Description: Water scarcity is a pressing global issue exacerbated by factors such as population growth, urbanisation, and climate change. This challenge is particularly acute in water-stressed regions where a substantial portion of the world's population resides. Desalination, particularly through reverse osmosis (RO), has emerged as a viable solution to address this demand, providing a stable and high-quality water supply without overburdening natural freshwater ecosystems. This research focuses on the sustainability impacts and opportunities of RO desalination plants, specifically examining the Cerebos SA plant in Gqeberha and the Amatola Water plant at Bushman's River, to provide insights into their environmental, social, economic, and governance impacts and opportunities from a life cycle perspective. In addition to investigate the key sustainability considerations relevant to RO desalination plants to potentially augment available water provision sources in the Eastern Cape. Ten participants were purposively sampled from Ndlambe Municipality, Cerebos S.A, and Amatola Water. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis were used to collect data. The research design was grounded in the post-positivism paradigm, emphasising the incorporation of diverse perspectives and the search for valid and reliable evidence within existing phenomena. Three strategies were used to ensure credibility data for this study, these were triangulation, diverse participant selection, and audio interview transcription using Otter.ai. The results from the research offered valuable insights into the sustainability impacts and opportunities of the RO desalination plants from the Life Cycle perspective, although the respondents demonstrated a clear understanding of sustainability, the concept of QBL was less familiar to many. Furthermore, the respondents unpacked QBL impacts and opportunities from a life cycle perspective and augmentation consideration for RO desalination plants. Key recommendations included conducting thorough environmental impact assessments, transitioning to renewable energy sources, energy recovery systems, inventory management, and enhancing community engagement and workforce training. Despite limitations in scope and participant diversity, the findings fill a gap in the literature, offering valuable insights for stakeholders to enhance water provision sustainability. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Commerce, Rhodes Business School, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-10-11
Integration of HIV/ AIDS, Tuberculosis and Patients’ Services into the General Health Care Systems: Implementation Challenges and Impact on TB Control Programme in O.R. Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Authors: Dlatu, Ntandazo
- Date: 2024-08
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12987 , vital:76186
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB), a disease of poverty and inequality, is a leading cause of severe illness and death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In South Africa, both TB and HIV epidemics have been closely related and persistent, posing a significant burden for healthcare provision. Reducing morbidity and mortality from HIV-associated TB requires strong collaboration between TB and HIV services at all levels with fully integrated, people-centered models of care. Studies have observed that TB and HIV integration reduces mortality. However, the operational implementation of integrated services is still challenging. Gaps exist between the challenges of combining TB and HIV control with evidence-based knowledge, affecting the implementation process of this highly recommended strategy. Despite the policy, frameworks for integration exist; integration of TB and HIV services is far from ideal in many resource-limited countries, including South Africa. Few studies have examined the advantages and disadvantages of integrated TB and HIV care in public health facilities, and even fewer have proposed conceptual models for proven integration. Objectives: The goals of this study consisted of: (i) investigating the associations between socio-economic deprivation and tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes, alongside well-known TB risk factors. The effects of healthcare expenditures and their growth on trends in TB incidence from 2009 to 2013 were also assessed. (ii) Exploring patients’ and healthcare workers’ perceptions of TB and HIV integration as well as a strategy for integrating these programs. (iii) Describing patients’ perceptions on barriers to scaling up of TB-HIV integration services at selected health facilities; and (iv) Developing a paradigm for integrating TB, HIV, and patient services in a single facility and highlighting the importance of TB-HIV services for greater accessibility under one roof. Methods: In Phase 1 of the study, secondary data analysis was performed on data obtained from various sources including governmental, non-governmental, and research institutions. Indicators for TB treatment outcomes included TB death rate, TB rate among the household contacts of the Index TB cases, TB treatment failure, HIV-associated TB death rate, TB defaulter rate, and new TB smear-positive cases. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey’s tests for post-hoc analysis were used to P a g e xvii | compare means of variables of interest considering a type I error rate of 0.05. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-08
Exploring the experience of clients on fixed-dose combination antiretroviral drugs at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Macozoma, Wanda
- Date: 2024-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12963 , vital:76182
- Description: Fixed dose combination antiretroviral drugs are multiple retroviral drugs combined into a single pill, commenced in South Africa on 01 April 2013 after it was announced by the Minister of Health. The main reason for this change of treatment was to reduce pill burden and make the lives of people living with HIV and who are on ARVs simpler and easier. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of clients on fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape. The study used a qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenology as a research design. The target population for this study were clients initiated on a fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug. Purposive sampling was done and semi-structured individual interviews conducted to collect data, audiotape was used and field notes taken. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants. Data analysis was done guided by Tesch’s 8 steps of the coding process. Ethical principles were adhered to and informed consent obtained from participants. Findings revealed that there were physical, psychological and social experiences, from the period of first diagnosis, disclosure and medication compliance. It is recommended that health education campaigns be intensified since there is still stigmatization of HIV/AIDS that affects compliance. Also, there is need for continuing education and training for healthcare providers to encourage a supportive attitude towards clients. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-07
Translanguaging pedagogies and practice for social justice in a multilingual South African previously disadvantaged
- Authors: Mpofu, Tarisai
- Date: 2024-06
- Subjects: Multilingualism
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11131 , vital:75921
- Description: Over the last two decades, there has been a burgeoning interest in translanguaging as both a theory and a methodology, but a few studies have looked at it as a pedagogy. This has meant that while there is near-consensus on translanguaging’s contribution to knowing, there have been few studies on how it can be implemented systematically in classrooms. This study examines how translanguaging is being practiced at one South African university and makes recommendations on how translanguaging can be implemented systematically for better impact. A mixed method approach was used, meaning that it had both qualitative and quantitative elements. Data for this study were gathered using online questionnaires completed by students and lecturers, interviews with lecturers, and observation. The results show that limited translanguaging was taking place in the classroom, despite both students and staff acknowledging its value to epistemic access. This study calls for intentional and systematic implementation of translanguaging to contribute to socially-just classroom practices. The study proposes the translanguaging matrix model for practice to assist in institutionalising translanguaging through the provision of short learning courses for staff and students on translanguaging, language learning opportunities and clear pedagogical training on when translanguaging must be used in classroom contexts. Key Words: Translanguaging, Language Policy, Social Justice, Multilingalism, Pedagogy , Thesis (D.Ed) -- Faculty of Education, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-06
A capabilities analysis: degree mobility and the impact of returning South African alumni on their home country’s sustainable development
- Authors: Mwatunga, Carine Brigitte
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436570 , vital:73283 , DOI 10.21504/10962/436570
- Description: The significance of sustainable development (SD) has gained increasing attention, particularly since introducing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. SDG 4 focuses on ensuring inclusive and high-quality education for all individuals, as well as the provision of equitable access to lifelong learning opportunities. In addition, SDG 4 recognises education as a fundamental element of societal progress and SD. Given the role of education in fostering economic growth, social cohesion, and individual empowerment, SDG 4 is a crucial component of global efforts to foster a more prosperous and equitable world. The primary focus of the study explained in this thesis was to address a specific aspect of Higher Education (HE) within the framework of the SDGs. While SDG 4 covers a wide range of targets, such as expanding scholarship opportunities for individuals from the Global South to study abroad, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of how pursuing a degree in a foreign country can influence graduates' potential contributions to sustainable development (SD) upon returning to their home countries. Moreover, despite researchers highlighting the need for attention to this topic, it has not received adequate focus thus far. Therefore, drawing upon the framework of the capability approach (CA) to sustainable development, the study explored whether returning graduates could contribute to SD in South Africa. To integrate the concepts of SD and CA, the study developed a framework for a responsible agent (RA), which was facilitated through previous studies. This framework provides a set of capabilities that are essential for supporting SD in South Africa. Based on this framework, the study comprehensively explored the experiences of postgraduate students and their potential to contribute to SD in South Africa. The study drew on survey data, semi structured interview, and document analysis to gain insights into how the structures of six selected scholarships aligned with SD objectives. However, upon analysing the eligibility criteria of these scholarships, it became evident that they already take into account certain capabilities associated with the RA in candidates. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that these scholarships tend to favour candidates who exhibit the potential to succeed in their professional endeavours. Therefore, this selection bias may exacerbate the existing inequalities within the South African education system. By disproportionately supporting candidates with advantages or resources, the scholarships may inadvertently perpetuate the disparities in educational opportunities and hinder progress toward a more equitable system. After administering questionnaires to alumni who had received these six scholarships, they were asked to voluntary participate in semi-structured interviews. Thereafter, data obtained was combined with document analysis, questionnaires, and interviews were analysed drawing on the RA framework with a narrative inquiry approach. The analysis of the data gathered during interviews with alumni revealed that certain capabilities were demonstrated and developed because of their degree mobility (pursuing degrees in different locations). However, it was also observed that some capabilities were negatively impacted by this mobility. Thus, the findings suggested a nuanced relationship between degree mobility and the development of specific capabilities amongst alumni, warranting further investigation to understand the implications of degree mobility on various capabilities. The investigation of the study revealed that the structure of the selected scholarships is not fully aligned with SD and that some capabilities can be damaged through degree mobility. To ensure that the scholarships truly support SD, they would require restructuring and (1) lowering expectations and preparing alumni for an often rather difficult return to South Africa; (2) limiting the available scholarships to degree programmes that are less or not affordable at all in South Africa; (3) implementing a re-entry strategy for returning alumni to make the return more manageable; and (4) collecting more data to create a deeper understanding about the possible achievements of individual alumni. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
A case study of code-switching in English First Additional Language Foundation Phase classrooms
- Authors: Goliath, Eldrige Justine
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436453 , vital:73273
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2026. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post School Education, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
A multidisciplinary study to assess the ecology of the Cape sea urchin, Parechinus angulosus, and its emerging use as a bioindicator to monitor coastal resiliency
- Authors: Redelinghuys, Suzanne
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435691 , vital:73179 , DOI 10.21504/10962/435692
- Description: The resilience of marine species in the face of unpredictable climate change stands as a paramount concern for the maintenance of ecological stability. Under such fluctuating conditions, it is critical to understand how organisms mitigate these effects in physiological, genetic, and morphological terms. To that end, this thesis focused on the Cape sea urchin, Parechinus angulosus, employing a multidisciplinary approach encompassing morphology, genomics, and gut microbial diversity to assess its potential as a bioindicator species and elucidate its adaptive strategies in response to varying environmental conditions along the South African coastline. This was achieved through studying their anatomy in order to link observed variation to prevailing local environmental conditions, aided by the species’ wide distribution range which allows insight into adaptations across broad geographic regions and ecological settings. The first empirical chapter, Chapter 3, focusing on eight key morphometric traits of test, Aristotle’s lantern and spines, revealed distinct variation in the Cape sea urchin's morphology between the east and west coasts of South Africa, suggesting the presence of some level of local adaptation to the prevailing environmental factors found on the east and west coasts of South Africa. This points to potential bioindicator capabilities of the species, reflecting adaptive divergence amidst contrasting environmental conditions. Further analysis is however necessary in order to isolate specific physiological trends that may be associated with these morphometric differences, thereby enhancing and tightening their ecological implications. The second experimental chapter, Chapter 4, delved into the genetic structure of the Cape urchin by investigating genome-wide diversity, the presence of cryptic population structure, and spatial patterns of genomic diversity. Moderate genomic differentiation was detected among populations along the eastern and western coasts of South Africa by outlier loci that may undergo natural selection, which could indicate local adaptation to environmental conditions. This pattern hints at adaptive differentiation and cryptic genetic structures within the Cape sea urchin populations and emphasises the species' potential adaptive responses to localised (in this case regional) environmental pressures. Assigning functional significance to these genetic variations will require a comprehensive annotated reference genome, a limitation acknowledged in the current study. Chapter 5 explored the gut microbial diversity and revealed significant compositional variations between the east and west coast populations of South Africa, confirming regional and inter-regional variation. This chapter also highlighted the essential biochemical pathways critical to the survival of the host which is crucial for assessing the health of the urchin host. Together, the functional content of the gut bacteria and microbial diversity showcases its potential as a bioindicator for coastal ecosystem health. Logistical challenges and confounding factors like host physiology will need to be fully considered for its effective application. Overall, the findings of this doctoral research suggest that the Cape sea urchin displays promising characteristics as a bioindicator species due to its morphological, genetic, and gut microbial variations in response to environmental differences, providing a diverse array of means in which urchins could be used as bioindicators, from their uses to assess water quality and detect pollution, to ecosystem health monitoring and biodiversity studies in which sea urchin abundance, distribution, and presence are monitored. Further research, integrating these multidisciplinary approaches is recommended to validate and refine its bioindicator potential. Additionally, the development of a comprehensive annotated reference genome is imperative to harness the species' genetic information effectively. This study underscores the significance of integrating multiple disciplines in understanding how species respond to environmental change and their potentials contributions to monitor ecological resilience. The original multidisciplinary approach, combined with high computational outputs presents a promising framework for a comprehensive ecological monitoring in marine ecosystems. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
A revised checklist of extant freshwater fishes of the Zambezian Lowveld Ecoregion, with taxonomic revision of the lowveld largescale yellowfish, Labeobarbus marequensis
- Authors: Ntokoane, Tholoana
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435943 , vital:73214
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release in 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
A social realist account of the way academic managers exercise agency in monitoring students’ academic success in South African higher education
- Authors: Dwayi, Valindawo Valile Medicine
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Social realism South Africa Eastern Cape , Critical realism , New public management , Academic development , Academic achievement South Africa Eastern Cape , College students Rating of South Africa Eastern Cape , College student development programs South Africa Eastern Cape , Student adjustment South Africa Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435863 , vital:73207 , DOI 10.21504/10962/435863
- Description: The roots of this thesis lie in discourses which promote the use of academic monitoring strategies for student success in South African higher education. Although access to higher education widened for black South Africans following the first democratic election, this ‘formal’ access (Morrow, 1993) has not been matched by success with annual cohort studies showing that, regardless of the university at which they are registered, the subjects they are studying and the qualifications they hope to attain, black South Africans fare less well than their white peers. Monitoring performance and referring students on to academic support and development structures thus became a strategy identified as having the potential to address patterns in performance data. The study reports on an attempt to introduce a strategy for Academic Monitoring for Integrated Academic Development at a historically black university in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. It draws on a metatheoretical framework developed from Bhaskar’s (1978, 1998) critical realism and Archer’s (1995, 1996) social realism to do this. More specifically, it focuses on the way managers at the institution exercised their agency in relation to the strategy and identifies the way social and structural conditions, developed from the time colonial settlers first arrived on the continent, worked to constrain the exercise of this agency. Although the focus of the study was on agency, the study revealed a system of necessary contradictions (Archer, 1995, 1996), a system of conflicting beliefs exacerbated by a lack of resources, that led to the implementation of the strategy not being as successful as intended. The study not only illuminates the conditions at one South African university but also adds to the body of work on management in higher education and to critiques of ‘managerialism’. , Eyona ngxam yale thisisi kukuphendla iindlela zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamaqhinga ezemfundo okuqwalasela impumelelo yabafundi kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo aseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona emva konyulo lokuqala lwedemokhrasi abemi abantsundu baseMzantsi Afrika bethe bavuleleka ukuba bafikelele kwimfundo ephakamileyo, olu fikelelo 'lusesikweni' (Morrow, 1993) khange luhambelane nempumelelo yaba bafundi, nanjengoko uphando olujolise kwimpumelelo yabafundi ngonyaka ngamnye lubonisa ukuba aba bafundi bathi nokuba bafunda kweyiphi iyunivesithi, befunda ziphi iikhosi bekwafundela waphi amakhono, abafundi abantsundu basoloko berhuqeka emva xa bethelekiswa nabo bamhlophe. Ukuqwalaselwa kwenkqubela nokudluliselwa kwabafundi kumacandelo enkxaso nophuhliso kwimiba yemfundo kube liqhinga elithe lachongwa njengelunokukwazi ukujongana neepateni zendlela abaqhuba ngayo abafundi. Olu phando lunika ingxelo malunga nenzame yokuza neqhinga lokuQwalaselwa kwemiba yeMfundo ukwenzela uPhuhliso kwiyunivesithi eyayisakuba yeyabantsundu kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni laseMzantsi Afrika. Luqamele ngesakhelo semethathiyori esakhelwe kwi-critical realism kaBhaskar (1978, 1979) kunye ne-social realism kaArcher (1995, 1996). Eyona nto lugxile kuyo yindlela abalawuli neenkokeli zeli zikomfundo eziwasebenzisa ngayo amagunya azo ngokunxulumene neli qhinga, lukwachonga indlela iimeko zentlalo nezeziko, ezamana ziphuhliswa ukususela oko kwathi kwafika abarhwaphilizi kweli lizwekazi, ezasebenza ngayo ekunqandeni ukusetyenziswa kwala magunya. Nangona ugxiliso lolu phando belusemagunyeni, luthe lwaveza uluhlu lwemiba echaseneyo eyimfuneko (Archer, 1995, 1996), uluhlu lweenkolelo ezingqubanayo ezihlutshezwa kukushokoxeka kwezixhobo, nolukhokelele ekubeni ukufezekiswa kweli qhinga kungabiyiyo le mpumelelo ibilindelekile. Olu phando aluphelelanga nje ekugqamiseni iimeko zale yunivesithi yaseMzantsi Afrika, koko lukongeza kumsebenzi osele wenziwe kwimfundo ephakamileyo lukwaphendla ‘ezolawulo’. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
An analysis of mathematical connections in the presentations of fraction concepts in Namibian grade 7 mathematics textbooks
- Authors: Sibeso, Pumulo Priscah
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436488 , vital:73276
- Description: This study investigated how selected grade 11 mathematics learners used smartphones with the MathCityMap application to learn trigonometry outdoors for conceptual understanding. The aim of this research project was to explore outdoor mathematics learning for conceptual understanding using smartphones. This case study of grade 11 mathematics learners in Lejweleputswa District in the Free State Province, was informed by the Realistic Mathematics Education theory. The study is grounded within an interpretive paradigm and used the explanatory sequential mixed-method design. Forty-two grade 11 mathematics learners participated in the survey and from these 12 were purposively selected to participate in walking the mathematics trails and interviews. The findings revealed that, while the grade 11 mathematics learners acknowledged the significance and value of using smartphones for learning mathematics, they were prohibited from carrying or using smartphones on the school premises, as part of the school code of conduct. The preferred use of smartphones for learning mathematics was understandable, as the survey was conducted at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions were still in place. The survey unearthed that among applications for learning mathematics, the MathCityMap application was not known by the learners who participated in the survey. Mathematics trails observations indicated that outdoor tasks were a source of mathematical concepts or formal mathematical knowledge, and enabled learners to reinvent mathematical ideas and concepts with adult guidance. Learners were able to make use of appropriate mathematical models and connections. The mathematics trails ignited robust discussions among learners, and prompted learners to draw from prior knowledge, and recognise and identify suitable mathematical models and shapes from the real-world objects. Learners were able to use multiple representations, make necessary mathematical links, and use their prior knowledge to enhance their trigonometry conceptual understanding. This study concluded that using smartphones with the MathCityMap application could enhance conceptual understanding of trigonometry. The implications for teachers are that learners should be exposed to outdoor mathematics learning using smartphones with the MathCityMap application to improve their conceptual understanding. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used by various stakeholders, who include, inter alia, mathematics subject advisors and teacher training institutions, to enhance learners’ conceptual understanding of mathematics. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post School Education, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
Augmentation of Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for the control of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on citrus
- Authors: De Beer, Ernst Friedrich Ludwig
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Aphytis melinus , Aphytis , Aonidiella aurantii , Citrus Diseases and pests South Africa , Pests Biological control
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435638 , vital:73175 , DOI 10.21504/10962/435638
- Description: Aphytis lingnanensis was reared and tested in South Africa in the early 2000s for augmentation against red scale on citrus and was found to be ineffective. Aphytis melinus is now commercially available and it is important that the efficacy of augmentation thereof on red scale is determined locally. Field trials, fitness assessments and molecular identification on A. melinus from two insectaries were done. Field trials was done in seven, five and six pairs of comparable release and control orchards across the Eastern and Western Cape during the seasons of 2019/2020, 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 respectively. Red scale infestation was monitored and a sample of 20 infested fruit from each orchard was randomly collected every four weeks. Aphytis spp. responsible for parasitism were identified and the percentage parasitism recorded. Results of this study of field trials suggest that the augmentation of A. melinus did not significantly increase the level of parasitism above that of the untreated control. Five repetitions with six replicates of flight and longevity tests were performed with wasps from each insectary. Wasps in the longevity test from two insectaries were kept at 23 °C and 65% RH with honey. Flight tests were performed in tubes of 16 by 30 cm, with a light above a clear, sticky ceiling at 23 °C and 65% RH. On average in five replicates, 65%, 33% and 17% A. melinus wasps were alive on day one, five and 10 respectively. The overall sex ratio was 1.58 for females to males, but 1.05, 2.19 and 2.66 for non-flyers, non-crawlers, crawlers, and flyers respectively. In flight tests for both insectaries combined, only 36.97% of wasps could initiate flight in 24 h while 56.96% remained on the tube floor, and 6.05% attempted to crawl upwards. No significant differences in flight performance were recorded between the two insectaries. Wasps from the local insectary lived significantly longer during the longevity tests but were shorter in transit than wasps from the overseas insectary. COI genes were sequenced and compared against Genbank sequences using BLAST. Molecular identifications did not confirm morphological identifications for all species, indicating unexpected genetic complexity. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
Co-occurrence of Sympatric Poroderma Species
- Authors: Watson, Ralph Gareth Andrew
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436649 , vital:73289 , DOI 10.21504/10962/436649
- Description: Species exploiting similar ecological niches are expected to adapt their behaviour, which can either promote or hinder coexistence. This study examined the ecological (dis)similarity between the endemic Poroderma africanum (pyjama catshark) and Poroderma pantherinum (leopard catshark) in Mossel Bay, South Africa. The co-occurrence of these species was examined along the ecological axes of time, trophic position and space, between October 2015 and April 2018, through the use of Baited Remote Underwater Videos (BRUV), gastric lavage, and acoustic telemetry. Through the deployment of 197 BRUVs, P. africanum showed a seasonal, higher Relative Abundance (RA = 0.52), occurring more frequently during winter months, while showing an overall decline in RA over the course of the study period. Poroderma pantherinum on the other hand, showed a lower, unseasonal RA (0.20), remaining relatively stable throughout the study period. The BRUV deployments indicated that the two species showed a positive co-occurrence with one other, being sighted in BRUV deployments more frequently together as opposed to in isolation/at random. Acoustic telemetry indicated that the two species were active during different diel periods, influenced by a complex combination of tidal and diel rhythms, while P. pantherinum showed a higher residency compared to P. africanum (P. pantherinum: Continuous Residency Time (CRT)24 = 3.32 days (mean), 95% CI: 2.53–4.11 days; P. africanum: CRT24 = 2.01 days, 95% CI: 1.66–2.36 days). While the two species are sympatric in nature, and have an overlapping, endemic, distribution, acoustic telemetry indicated that 1 ABSTRACT P. africanum showed higher degrees of movement throughout the acoustic receiver array (P. africanum: edge density (ED) = 0.25; P. pantherinum: ED = 0.12); however, certain areas of the bay showed to be of high importance for both species. Both species revealed high levels of intra- and inter-specific variation in both residency and movement behaviour. Gastric lavage indicated partially overlapping trophic niches, between the two Poroderma spp. Poroderma africanum had a generalist diet, dominated by teleosts (Index of Relative Importance (IRI)% = 22.69), octopus (IRI% = 11.48) and discarded bait (IRI% = 64.54), while P. pantherinum showed indications of being a specialist predator, with a diet dominated by cephalopods (IRI% = 83.68). The two Poroderma spp. showed a partially overlapping, but separate trophic niches, while displaying spatial dissimilarity in diet. The study suggests that the two species are able to coexist within the same geographical area through niche differentiation across trophic and temporal ecological axes, with varying spatial use. The intra- and inter-specific differences between the two species may complicate elasmobranch management efforts for these co-occurring endemic catsharks, and as such, efforts should follow either an individual species approach, which is often not feasible, or an ecosystem-based approach, as opposed to considering the genus as a whole. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2024
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- Date Issued: 2024-04-05