Modulation of human Hsp90α conformational dynamics by allosteric ligand interaction at the c-terminal domain:
- Penkler, David L, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Penkler, David L , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148402 , vital:38736 , DOI: 10.1101/386755
- Description: Recent years have seen heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) attract significant interest as a viable drug target, particularly for cancer. To date, designed inhibitors that target the ATPase domain demonstrate potent anti-proliferative effects, but have failed clinical trials due to high levels of associated toxicity. To circumvent this, the focus has shifted away from the ATPase domain. One option involves modulation of the protein through allosteric activation/inhibition. Here, we propose a novel approach: we use previously obtained information via residue perturbation scanning coupled with dynamic residue network analysis to identify allosteric drug targeting sites for inhibitor docking.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Penkler, David L , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148402 , vital:38736 , DOI: 10.1101/386755
- Description: Recent years have seen heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) attract significant interest as a viable drug target, particularly for cancer. To date, designed inhibitors that target the ATPase domain demonstrate potent anti-proliferative effects, but have failed clinical trials due to high levels of associated toxicity. To circumvent this, the focus has shifted away from the ATPase domain. One option involves modulation of the protein through allosteric activation/inhibition. Here, we propose a novel approach: we use previously obtained information via residue perturbation scanning coupled with dynamic residue network analysis to identify allosteric drug targeting sites for inhibitor docking.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
More than just fields: Reframing deagrarianisation in landscapes and livelihoods
- Hebinck, Paul, Mtati, Nosiseko, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Hebinck, Paul , Mtati, Nosiseko , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180322 , vital:43353 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.01.004"
- Description: This paper discusses the emergent properties of deagrarianisation processes in two villages in the central Eastern Cape, South Africa. The claim of is that much of the deagrarianisation literature and debate does not acknowledge the importance of landscapes and the interaction between their constituent elements, notably people, forests, grasslands, fields, grazing lands, open spaces, built environments and homesteads, all of which contribute to shaping and, in turn, are shaped by livelihoods. Conceptualising a landscape as a spatial entity and associated assemblage of practices, discourses and history, this paper dissects the landscape in terms of land uses for residential and cultural purposes, growing, grazing and gathering. These land use categories together represent the rural domain to which the villagers are attached as a place and a home. Their use of the land is not necessarily oriented to fully exploring its productive potential. The article explores the transformation from a productive landscape to one which largely hinges on consumption. The blurring of boundaries between the formally designated land use categories signifies the transformations occurring in many of the rural areas in the former homelands of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Hebinck, Paul , Mtati, Nosiseko , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180322 , vital:43353 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.01.004"
- Description: This paper discusses the emergent properties of deagrarianisation processes in two villages in the central Eastern Cape, South Africa. The claim of is that much of the deagrarianisation literature and debate does not acknowledge the importance of landscapes and the interaction between their constituent elements, notably people, forests, grasslands, fields, grazing lands, open spaces, built environments and homesteads, all of which contribute to shaping and, in turn, are shaped by livelihoods. Conceptualising a landscape as a spatial entity and associated assemblage of practices, discourses and history, this paper dissects the landscape in terms of land uses for residential and cultural purposes, growing, grazing and gathering. These land use categories together represent the rural domain to which the villagers are attached as a place and a home. Their use of the land is not necessarily oriented to fully exploring its productive potential. The article explores the transformation from a productive landscape to one which largely hinges on consumption. The blurring of boundaries between the formally designated land use categories signifies the transformations occurring in many of the rural areas in the former homelands of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Morphological, genetic and biological characterisation of a novel alphabaculovirus isolated from Cryptophlebia peltastica (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
- Marsberg, Tamryn, Jukes, Michael, Krejmer-Rabalska, Martyna, Rabalski, Lukasz, Knox, Caroline, Moore, Sean D, Hill, Martin P, Szewczyk, Boguslaw
- Authors: Marsberg, Tamryn , Jukes, Michael , Krejmer-Rabalska, Martyna , Rabalski, Lukasz , Knox, Caroline , Moore, Sean D , Hill, Martin P , Szewczyk, Boguslaw
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419330 , vital:71635 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2018.08.006"
- Description: Cryptophlebia peltastica is an agricultural pest of litchis and macadamias in South Africa with phytosanitary status for certain markets. Current control methods rely on chemical, cultural and classical biological control. However, a microbial control option has not been developed. An Alphabaculovirus from C. peltastica was recovered from a laboratory reared colony and morphologically characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of occlusion bodies indicated a single NPV (SNPV) varying in size from 421 to 1263 nm. PCR amplification and sequencing of the polh gene region using universal primers followed by BLAST analysis revealed a 93% similarity to a partial polh gene sequence from Epinotia granitalis NPV. Further genetic characterisation involving single restriction endonuclease (REN) digestion of genomic DNA was carried out to generate profiles for comparison against other baculovirus species and potential new isolates of the same virus. The complete genome of the virus was sequenced, assembled and analysed for a more comprehensive genetic analysis. The genome was 115 728 base pairs (bp) in length with a GC content of 37.2%. A total of 126 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified with minimal overlap and no preference in orientation. Bioassays were used to determine the virulence of the NPV against C. peltastica. The NPV was virulent against C. peltastica with an LC50 value of 6.46 × 103 OBs/ml and an LC90 value of 2.46 × 105 OBs/ml, and time mortality ranging between 76.32 h and 93.49 h. This is the first study to describe the isolation and genetic characterisation of a novel SNPV from C. peltastica, which has potential for development into a biopesticide for the control of this pest in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Marsberg, Tamryn , Jukes, Michael , Krejmer-Rabalska, Martyna , Rabalski, Lukasz , Knox, Caroline , Moore, Sean D , Hill, Martin P , Szewczyk, Boguslaw
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419330 , vital:71635 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2018.08.006"
- Description: Cryptophlebia peltastica is an agricultural pest of litchis and macadamias in South Africa with phytosanitary status for certain markets. Current control methods rely on chemical, cultural and classical biological control. However, a microbial control option has not been developed. An Alphabaculovirus from C. peltastica was recovered from a laboratory reared colony and morphologically characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of occlusion bodies indicated a single NPV (SNPV) varying in size from 421 to 1263 nm. PCR amplification and sequencing of the polh gene region using universal primers followed by BLAST analysis revealed a 93% similarity to a partial polh gene sequence from Epinotia granitalis NPV. Further genetic characterisation involving single restriction endonuclease (REN) digestion of genomic DNA was carried out to generate profiles for comparison against other baculovirus species and potential new isolates of the same virus. The complete genome of the virus was sequenced, assembled and analysed for a more comprehensive genetic analysis. The genome was 115 728 base pairs (bp) in length with a GC content of 37.2%. A total of 126 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified with minimal overlap and no preference in orientation. Bioassays were used to determine the virulence of the NPV against C. peltastica. The NPV was virulent against C. peltastica with an LC50 value of 6.46 × 103 OBs/ml and an LC90 value of 2.46 × 105 OBs/ml, and time mortality ranging between 76.32 h and 93.49 h. This is the first study to describe the isolation and genetic characterisation of a novel SNPV from C. peltastica, which has potential for development into a biopesticide for the control of this pest in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Navigating Multiple Tensions for Engaged Praxis in a Complex Social-Ecological System
- Cockburn, Jessica J, Palmer, Carolyn G, Biggs, Harry, Rosenberg, Eureta
- Authors: Cockburn, Jessica J , Palmer, Carolyn G , Biggs, Harry , Rosenberg, Eureta
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127886 , vital:36052 , https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040129
- Description: Recently, the 33-year journey of the Southern African Journal of Environmental Education (SAJEE) was the subject of reflection during an Open Access Publishing week convened by Rhodes University Library Services. Two former and current editors-in-chief shared the SAJEE’s story of publishing ‘from the margins into the centre’. In the early 1990s, the Journal was mailed to the Environmental Education Association of Southern Africa (EEASA) membership from the foyer of the Rhodes Education Department (which had the floor space for stuffing and stacking A4 envelopes). In the first decade of this century, the Journal arrived at a symbolic ‘centre’ with digital distribution, first on the EEASA website and then from the Open Access platform provided by African Journals Online (AJOL). The digital move was vital for sustained and increased distribution in a time of shrinking budgets and growing costs. The results, shared with the EEASA Council earlier this year, were nothing short of spectacular: In March 2017, the SAJEE received more than 1 250 article downloads (www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee), and the number of downloads have stayed above 500 each month subsequently (Figure 1). Views and downloads are recorded around the world including,
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Cockburn, Jessica J , Palmer, Carolyn G , Biggs, Harry , Rosenberg, Eureta
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127886 , vital:36052 , https://doi.org/10.3390/land7040129
- Description: Recently, the 33-year journey of the Southern African Journal of Environmental Education (SAJEE) was the subject of reflection during an Open Access Publishing week convened by Rhodes University Library Services. Two former and current editors-in-chief shared the SAJEE’s story of publishing ‘from the margins into the centre’. In the early 1990s, the Journal was mailed to the Environmental Education Association of Southern Africa (EEASA) membership from the foyer of the Rhodes Education Department (which had the floor space for stuffing and stacking A4 envelopes). In the first decade of this century, the Journal arrived at a symbolic ‘centre’ with digital distribution, first on the EEASA website and then from the Open Access platform provided by African Journals Online (AJOL). The digital move was vital for sustained and increased distribution in a time of shrinking budgets and growing costs. The results, shared with the EEASA Council earlier this year, were nothing short of spectacular: In March 2017, the SAJEE received more than 1 250 article downloads (www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee), and the number of downloads have stayed above 500 each month subsequently (Figure 1). Views and downloads are recorded around the world including,
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
New thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives combined with organometallic ferrocene: Synthesis, structure and antiparasitic activity
- Oderinlo, Ogunyemi O, Tukulula, Matshawandile, Isaacs, Michelle, Taylor, Dale, Smith, Vincent J, Khanye, Setshaba D, Hoppe, Heinrich C
- Authors: Oderinlo, Ogunyemi O , Tukulula, Matshawandile , Isaacs, Michelle , Taylor, Dale , Smith, Vincent J , Khanye, Setshaba D , Hoppe, Heinrich C
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/122978 , vital:35382 , https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.4385
- Description: Favourable physicochemical properties of an organometallic ferrocene and antiplasmodial potency of compounds containing the thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione framework (TZD‐4) prompted us to explore compounds containing both the thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione core and the ferrocenyl unit with the primary aim of identifying compounds with promising antiprotozoal activities. Thus, a new series of rationally designed ferrocene‐based thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives, containing a selection of secondary cyclic amines, was synthesised and fully characterised using standard spectroscopic techniques. The resulting compounds were screened for their antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities against both the chloroquine‐resistant (Dd2) strain of Plasmodium falciparum and the Nagana Trypanosoma brucei brucei 427. The general trend that emerged indicated that the target compounds were more selective towards T. b. brucei compared to the P. falciparum parasite. Moreover, the analogues bearing methylpiperazine (8a) and piperidine (8b) rings were more active against T. b. brucei compared to hit compound TZD‐4. Except compound 8b, which appeared promising, none of the synthesised compounds showed better activity than TZD‐4 against the P. falciparum parasite. All the synthesised compounds were non‐toxic and often showed >90% viability of the HeLa cell line screened.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oderinlo, Ogunyemi O , Tukulula, Matshawandile , Isaacs, Michelle , Taylor, Dale , Smith, Vincent J , Khanye, Setshaba D , Hoppe, Heinrich C
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/122978 , vital:35382 , https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.4385
- Description: Favourable physicochemical properties of an organometallic ferrocene and antiplasmodial potency of compounds containing the thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione framework (TZD‐4) prompted us to explore compounds containing both the thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione core and the ferrocenyl unit with the primary aim of identifying compounds with promising antiprotozoal activities. Thus, a new series of rationally designed ferrocene‐based thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives, containing a selection of secondary cyclic amines, was synthesised and fully characterised using standard spectroscopic techniques. The resulting compounds were screened for their antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities against both the chloroquine‐resistant (Dd2) strain of Plasmodium falciparum and the Nagana Trypanosoma brucei brucei 427. The general trend that emerged indicated that the target compounds were more selective towards T. b. brucei compared to the P. falciparum parasite. Moreover, the analogues bearing methylpiperazine (8a) and piperidine (8b) rings were more active against T. b. brucei compared to hit compound TZD‐4. Except compound 8b, which appeared promising, none of the synthesised compounds showed better activity than TZD‐4 against the P. falciparum parasite. All the synthesised compounds were non‐toxic and often showed >90% viability of the HeLa cell line screened.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Niq Mhlongo told us# FeesMustFall, or why the surface matters in Dog Eat Dog:
- Authors: Dass, Minesh
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142609 , vital:38095 , DOI: 10.4314/eia.v45i3.6
- Description: In this paper, I investigate some of the reasons for the relative paucity of scholarly attention given to Niq Mhlongo’s debut novel, Dog Eat Dog. I argue that this text anticipates and articulates themes that are vital to contemporary South African culture generally, and to the academic space of the university specifically. For this reason, I contend that it is a work worthy of consideration, both because of its unusual form (it is a novel of ordeal rather than a Bildungsroman), and its prescient depiction of issues to do with institutional racism and academic exclusion – subjects which were central during the student-led protests on South African campuses in 2015 and 2016. A principal thesis of this article is that one of the reasons for literary study’s unwillingness to engage with the novel is the discipline’s predisposition to a hermeneutics of suspicion, a method of analysis that I show is unsuited to Mhlongo’s text. Instead, I argue for the use of surface reading as a valid and appropriate praxis given the form and the content of Dog Eat Dog.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dass, Minesh
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142609 , vital:38095 , DOI: 10.4314/eia.v45i3.6
- Description: In this paper, I investigate some of the reasons for the relative paucity of scholarly attention given to Niq Mhlongo’s debut novel, Dog Eat Dog. I argue that this text anticipates and articulates themes that are vital to contemporary South African culture generally, and to the academic space of the university specifically. For this reason, I contend that it is a work worthy of consideration, both because of its unusual form (it is a novel of ordeal rather than a Bildungsroman), and its prescient depiction of issues to do with institutional racism and academic exclusion – subjects which were central during the student-led protests on South African campuses in 2015 and 2016. A principal thesis of this article is that one of the reasons for literary study’s unwillingness to engage with the novel is the discipline’s predisposition to a hermeneutics of suspicion, a method of analysis that I show is unsuited to Mhlongo’s text. Instead, I argue for the use of surface reading as a valid and appropriate praxis given the form and the content of Dog Eat Dog.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
NMR structural elucidation of channaine, an unusual alkaloid from Sceletium tortuosum:
- Veale, Clinton G L, Chen, Weiyang, Chaudhary, Sushil, Kituyi, Sarah N, Isaacs, Michelle, Hoppe, Heinrich C, Edkins, Adrienne L, Combrinck, Sandra, Mehari, Bewketu, Viljoen, Alvaro
- Authors: Veale, Clinton G L , Chen, Weiyang , Chaudhary, Sushil , Kituyi, Sarah N , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Edkins, Adrienne L , Combrinck, Sandra , Mehari, Bewketu , Viljoen, Alvaro
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164345 , vital:41110 , DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2017.11.018
- Description: Chemical interrogation of the Sceletium genus and Amaryllidaceae family of plants has yielded a diverse array of aryl-hydroindole containing alkaloids. Included in this class is channaine, which was tentatively identified, without comprehensive structural elucidation from Sceletium tortuosum in 1957. Following its isolation from S. strictum, the structure of channaine was eventually resolved by X-ray crystallographic analysis, which revealed an unusual cage-like ring structure at the interface of two aryl-hydroindole subunits. However, since this report in 1978, channaine has not re-appeared in the literature. In this letter, the full NMR characterisation of channaine, isolated from S. tortuosum collected from St Helena in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, is reported for the first time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Veale, Clinton G L , Chen, Weiyang , Chaudhary, Sushil , Kituyi, Sarah N , Isaacs, Michelle , Hoppe, Heinrich C , Edkins, Adrienne L , Combrinck, Sandra , Mehari, Bewketu , Viljoen, Alvaro
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164345 , vital:41110 , DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2017.11.018
- Description: Chemical interrogation of the Sceletium genus and Amaryllidaceae family of plants has yielded a diverse array of aryl-hydroindole containing alkaloids. Included in this class is channaine, which was tentatively identified, without comprehensive structural elucidation from Sceletium tortuosum in 1957. Following its isolation from S. strictum, the structure of channaine was eventually resolved by X-ray crystallographic analysis, which revealed an unusual cage-like ring structure at the interface of two aryl-hydroindole subunits. However, since this report in 1978, channaine has not re-appeared in the literature. In this letter, the full NMR characterisation of channaine, isolated from S. tortuosum collected from St Helena in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, is reported for the first time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
No evidence for association between APOL1 kidney disease risk alleles and Human African Trypanosomiasis in two Ugandan populations:
- Kimuda, Magambo P, Noyes, Harry, Mulindwa, Julius, Enyaru, John, Alibu, Vincent P, Sidibe, Issa, Mumba Ngoyi, Dieuodonne, Hertz-Fowler, Christiane, MacLeod, Annette, Tastan Bishop, Özlem, Matovu, Enock
- Authors: Kimuda, Magambo P , Noyes, Harry , Mulindwa, Julius , Enyaru, John , Alibu, Vincent P , Sidibe, Issa , Mumba Ngoyi, Dieuodonne , Hertz-Fowler, Christiane , MacLeod, Annette , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Matovu, Enock
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162924 , vital:40997 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006300
- Description: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) manifests as an acute form caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) and a chronic form caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg). Previous studies have suggested a host genetic role in infection outcomes, particularly for APOL1. We have undertaken candidate gene association studies (CGAS) in a Ugandan Tbr and a Tbg HAT endemic area, to determine whether polymorphisms in IL10, IL8, IL4, HLAG, TNFA, TNX4LB, IL6, IFNG, MIF, APOL1, HLAA, IL1B, IL4R, IL12B, IL12R, HP, HPR, and CFH have a role in HAT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kimuda, Magambo P , Noyes, Harry , Mulindwa, Julius , Enyaru, John , Alibu, Vincent P , Sidibe, Issa , Mumba Ngoyi, Dieuodonne , Hertz-Fowler, Christiane , MacLeod, Annette , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Matovu, Enock
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162924 , vital:40997 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006300
- Description: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) manifests as an acute form caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) and a chronic form caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg). Previous studies have suggested a host genetic role in infection outcomes, particularly for APOL1. We have undertaken candidate gene association studies (CGAS) in a Ugandan Tbr and a Tbg HAT endemic area, to determine whether polymorphisms in IL10, IL8, IL4, HLAG, TNFA, TNX4LB, IL6, IFNG, MIF, APOL1, HLAA, IL1B, IL4R, IL12B, IL12R, HP, HPR, and CFH have a role in HAT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Nontimber forest products as ecological and biocultural keystone species
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Ticktin, Tamara, Cunningham, Anthony B
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Ticktin, Tamara , Cunningham, Anthony B
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180388 , vital:43359 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10469-230422"
- Description: Nontimber forests products (NTFPs) are the mainstay of rural livelihoods and local economies the world over. As such they are of interest to a wide disciplinary range of researchers and development and government agencies seeking to promote livelihoods, incomes, and ecologically sustainable practices. With the attention on the various human uses of NTFPs, their role and networks in the broader biological communities in which they are located are frequently overlooked. Harvesting of many NTFPs has effects not only at the organism and population scales, but also on co-occurring species, some of which may also be NTFPs. Thus, reduction or loss of one NTFP population or species in a specific area may have cascade effects on other NTFP species, including those used for cultural purposes. We illustrate the little appreciated importance of NTFPs in broader ecological and social systems by assessing and illustrating the importance of NTFP species as ecological or biocultural keystones in providing regulating and supporting ecological services to other species and cultural services to people. We present a number of examples where NTFP species act as keystones in ecological and cultural systems, including food, pollination and dispersal, animal health, nutrients, shelter and protection, and cultural symbolism, most of which have not been considered by NTFP researchers and practitioners. From these examples we distill six propositions regarding NTFPs and discuss the value of recognizing some NTFPs as biocultural keystones to acknowledge and highlight their roles at broader scales.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Ticktin, Tamara , Cunningham, Anthony B
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180388 , vital:43359 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10469-230422"
- Description: Nontimber forests products (NTFPs) are the mainstay of rural livelihoods and local economies the world over. As such they are of interest to a wide disciplinary range of researchers and development and government agencies seeking to promote livelihoods, incomes, and ecologically sustainable practices. With the attention on the various human uses of NTFPs, their role and networks in the broader biological communities in which they are located are frequently overlooked. Harvesting of many NTFPs has effects not only at the organism and population scales, but also on co-occurring species, some of which may also be NTFPs. Thus, reduction or loss of one NTFP population or species in a specific area may have cascade effects on other NTFP species, including those used for cultural purposes. We illustrate the little appreciated importance of NTFPs in broader ecological and social systems by assessing and illustrating the importance of NTFP species as ecological or biocultural keystones in providing regulating and supporting ecological services to other species and cultural services to people. We present a number of examples where NTFP species act as keystones in ecological and cultural systems, including food, pollination and dispersal, animal health, nutrients, shelter and protection, and cultural symbolism, most of which have not been considered by NTFP researchers and practitioners. From these examples we distill six propositions regarding NTFPs and discuss the value of recognizing some NTFPs as biocultural keystones to acknowledge and highlight their roles at broader scales.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Novel nano-dyad of homoleptic sandwich-type phthalocyanines with nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots for nonlinear optics
- Oluwole, David O, Nwaji, Njemuwa, Nene, Lindokuhle C, Mokone, Lesedi, Dube, Edith, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Nene, Lindokuhle C , Mokone, Lesedi , Dube, Edith , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233386 , vital:50086 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ01707G"
- Description: The syntheses of neodymium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (2), bis europium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (3), bis dysprosium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (4) and their conjugated analogues with nitrogen doped quantum dots (NGQDs) are reported herein. The optical nonlinearity of the sandwich-type phthalocyanine complexes and their conjugates with NGQDs were studied in dimethyl sulfoxide using the open aperture Z-scan technique at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm with a 10 ns pulse. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of the samples ranges from 15 cm GW−1 to 89.6 cm GW−1. Complex 4 and its conjugates afforded a strong optical limiting behaviour compared to the other samples. These fabricated complexes and their conjugates with NGQDs could serve as a plausible nonlinear optical (NLO) material due to their fascinating NLO properties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Nene, Lindokuhle C , Mokone, Lesedi , Dube, Edith , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233386 , vital:50086 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ01707G"
- Description: The syntheses of neodymium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (2), bis europium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (3), bis dysprosium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (4) and their conjugated analogues with nitrogen doped quantum dots (NGQDs) are reported herein. The optical nonlinearity of the sandwich-type phthalocyanine complexes and their conjugates with NGQDs were studied in dimethyl sulfoxide using the open aperture Z-scan technique at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm with a 10 ns pulse. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of the samples ranges from 15 cm GW−1 to 89.6 cm GW−1. Complex 4 and its conjugates afforded a strong optical limiting behaviour compared to the other samples. These fabricated complexes and their conjugates with NGQDs could serve as a plausible nonlinear optical (NLO) material due to their fascinating NLO properties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Offline-First Design for Fault Tolerant Applications.
- Linklater, Gregory, Marais, Craig, Herbert, Alan, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Linklater, Gregory , Marais, Craig , Herbert, Alan , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427683 , vital:72455 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Irwin/publication/327624337_Offline-First_Design_for_Fault_Tolerant_Applications/links/5b9a50a1458515310584ebbe/Offline-First-Design-for-Fault-Tolerant-Applications.pdf
- Description: Faults are inevitable and frustrating, as we increasingly depend on network access and the chain of services that provides it, we suffer a greater loss in productivity when any of those services fail and service delivery is suspended. This research explores connectivity and infrastructure fault tolerance through offline-first application design using techniques such as CQRS and event sourcing. To apply these techniques, this research details the design, and implementation of LOYALTY TRACKER; an offline-first, PoS system for the Android platform that was built to operate in the context of a small pub where faults are commonplace. The application demonstrates data consistency and integrity and a complete feature set that continues to operate while offline but is limited by scalability. The application successfully achieves it’s goals in the limited capacity for which it was designed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Linklater, Gregory , Marais, Craig , Herbert, Alan , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427683 , vital:72455 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Irwin/publication/327624337_Offline-First_Design_for_Fault_Tolerant_Applications/links/5b9a50a1458515310584ebbe/Offline-First-Design-for-Fault-Tolerant-Applications.pdf
- Description: Faults are inevitable and frustrating, as we increasingly depend on network access and the chain of services that provides it, we suffer a greater loss in productivity when any of those services fail and service delivery is suspended. This research explores connectivity and infrastructure fault tolerance through offline-first application design using techniques such as CQRS and event sourcing. To apply these techniques, this research details the design, and implementation of LOYALTY TRACKER; an offline-first, PoS system for the Android platform that was built to operate in the context of a small pub where faults are commonplace. The application demonstrates data consistency and integrity and a complete feature set that continues to operate while offline but is limited by scalability. The application successfully achieves it’s goals in the limited capacity for which it was designed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
On Their Own: women, Urbanization, and the Right to the City in South Africa, by Allison GoebelUbuntu und die Post-Development-Debatte. A review
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142169 , vital:38055 , DOI: 10.1080/14616742.2017.1400210
- Description: Allison Goebel's book gives much-needed attention to the experiences of women in South African cities. While there is plenty of literature on the urban experience in South Africa, such literature does not often give much attention to gender. Goebel's book draws on the experiences of poorer women living in informal and township areas in the Msunduzi Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. Goebel has conducted extensive fieldwork in the area and uses this fieldwork to provide the reader with a sense of South African women's experiences of urban living.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142169 , vital:38055 , DOI: 10.1080/14616742.2017.1400210
- Description: Allison Goebel's book gives much-needed attention to the experiences of women in South African cities. While there is plenty of literature on the urban experience in South Africa, such literature does not often give much attention to gender. Goebel's book draws on the experiences of poorer women living in informal and township areas in the Msunduzi Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. Goebel has conducted extensive fieldwork in the area and uses this fieldwork to provide the reader with a sense of South African women's experiences of urban living.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
One-pot synthesis of graphene quantum dots–phthalocyanines supramolecular hybrid and the investigation of their photophysical properties
- Fomo, Gertrude, Achadu, Ojodomo John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Fomo, Gertrude , Achadu, Ojodomo John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188126 , vital:44725 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1539-y"
- Description: The synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using organic compounds as carbon sources via bottom-up approaches has been widely developed, whereas their hybrids with other materials have been previously achieved post-synthetically via multi-step procedures. A novel approach for the preparation of supramolecular hybrid conjugates of GQDs and phthalocyanines (Pcs) via an in situ one-step bottom-up route was employed in this study. The as-synthesized GQDs and their Pc conjugates were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and their photophysicochemical properties evaluated. Notably, the singlet oxygen quantum yields of the Pcs in the presence of GQDs were found to be 0.51 and 0.74 for 1-GQDs and 2-GQDs, respectively, as compared to the Pcs alone (0.18 and 0.70 for complex 1 and 2, respectively). The increase in triplet quantum yield (ΦT) values is complemented by a decrease in fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF). ΦT value of 0.96 obtained for the complex 2 after conjugation with GQDs is better or higher than the value of 0.74 as reported in the literature when complex 2 was conjugated to semiconductor QDs. Hence, this novel approach resulted in the derivation of hybrid materials with potentials for various photophysicochemical applications such as photodynamic therapy and photocatalysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Fomo, Gertrude , Achadu, Ojodomo John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188126 , vital:44725 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1539-y"
- Description: The synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using organic compounds as carbon sources via bottom-up approaches has been widely developed, whereas their hybrids with other materials have been previously achieved post-synthetically via multi-step procedures. A novel approach for the preparation of supramolecular hybrid conjugates of GQDs and phthalocyanines (Pcs) via an in situ one-step bottom-up route was employed in this study. The as-synthesized GQDs and their Pc conjugates were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and their photophysicochemical properties evaluated. Notably, the singlet oxygen quantum yields of the Pcs in the presence of GQDs were found to be 0.51 and 0.74 for 1-GQDs and 2-GQDs, respectively, as compared to the Pcs alone (0.18 and 0.70 for complex 1 and 2, respectively). The increase in triplet quantum yield (ΦT) values is complemented by a decrease in fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF). ΦT value of 0.96 obtained for the complex 2 after conjugation with GQDs is better or higher than the value of 0.74 as reported in the literature when complex 2 was conjugated to semiconductor QDs. Hence, this novel approach resulted in the derivation of hybrid materials with potentials for various photophysicochemical applications such as photodynamic therapy and photocatalysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Optical limiting properties of 3, 5-dipyrenylvinyleneBODIPY dyes at 532 nm
- Kubheka, Gugu, Sanusi, Kayode, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Kubheka, Gugu , Sanusi, Kayode , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/237938 , vital:50567 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.021"
- Description: The optical limiting (OL) properties of 3,5-dipyrenylvinyleneBODIPY dyes that contain both electron withdrawing and donating moieties have been investigated by using the z-scan technique at 532 nm in the nanosecond pulse range. The extension of the π-conjugation at the 3,5-positions with pyrenylvinylene groups results in a ca. 200 nm red shift of the main BODIPY spectral band to ca. 700 nm, so there is relatively weak absorbance at 532 nm under ambient light conditions. Reverse saturable absorbance (RSA) profiles are observed in response to incident pulsed laser light that is consistent with a two photon absorption-assisted excited state absorption (ESA) mechanism in CH2Cl2 solution and when the dyes are embedded in poly(bisphenol carbonate A) (PBC) polymer thin films. This demonstrates that 3,5-divinyleneBODIPY dyes are potentially suitable for use in OL applications, since limiting threshold fluence (Ilim) values of below 0.95 J cm−2 are observed when thin films are prepared.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kubheka, Gugu , Sanusi, Kayode , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/237938 , vital:50567 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.021"
- Description: The optical limiting (OL) properties of 3,5-dipyrenylvinyleneBODIPY dyes that contain both electron withdrawing and donating moieties have been investigated by using the z-scan technique at 532 nm in the nanosecond pulse range. The extension of the π-conjugation at the 3,5-positions with pyrenylvinylene groups results in a ca. 200 nm red shift of the main BODIPY spectral band to ca. 700 nm, so there is relatively weak absorbance at 532 nm under ambient light conditions. Reverse saturable absorbance (RSA) profiles are observed in response to incident pulsed laser light that is consistent with a two photon absorption-assisted excited state absorption (ESA) mechanism in CH2Cl2 solution and when the dyes are embedded in poly(bisphenol carbonate A) (PBC) polymer thin films. This demonstrates that 3,5-divinyleneBODIPY dyes are potentially suitable for use in OL applications, since limiting threshold fluence (Ilim) values of below 0.95 J cm−2 are observed when thin films are prepared.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Optical nonlinearity of pentadecylphenoxyl substituted sandwich–type metallophthalocyanines in the presence of Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe nanocrystals: Effects of conjugation and central metals
- Oluwole, David O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187899 , vital:44708 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.01.009"
- Description: Novel pentadecylphenoxyl substituted homoleptic sandwich–type metallophthalocyanines: bis (complexes 2 and 4 containing Eu and Dy, respectively) and tris (complexes 3 and 5 containing Eu and Dy, respectively) 2,9,16,23–tetrakis–(3–pentadecylphenoxyl) phthalocyanines and cadmium based (Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized. The nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of the metallophthalocyanines and their composites with NCs were investigated using the open aperture Z–scan technique at excitation wavelength of 532 nm with 10 ns pulse. All of the samples exhibited interesting NLO attributes: among all the sandwich–type complexes, complex 5 afforded the most efficient NLO features accounting for large nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of 3500 cm/GW and limiting threshold (Ilim) value of 0.43 J cm−2. Overall, the composites of the triple decker sandwich–type complexes with Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe yielded the best NLO characteristics with 3 and 5 accounting for the largest βeff value of 5500 cm/GW and Ilim value of 0.09 J cm−2. The synthesized complexes and their composites with NCs could be viable and efficient NLO absorber due to their interesting NLO activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187899 , vital:44708 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.01.009"
- Description: Novel pentadecylphenoxyl substituted homoleptic sandwich–type metallophthalocyanines: bis (complexes 2 and 4 containing Eu and Dy, respectively) and tris (complexes 3 and 5 containing Eu and Dy, respectively) 2,9,16,23–tetrakis–(3–pentadecylphenoxyl) phthalocyanines and cadmium based (Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized. The nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of the metallophthalocyanines and their composites with NCs were investigated using the open aperture Z–scan technique at excitation wavelength of 532 nm with 10 ns pulse. All of the samples exhibited interesting NLO attributes: among all the sandwich–type complexes, complex 5 afforded the most efficient NLO features accounting for large nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of 3500 cm/GW and limiting threshold (Ilim) value of 0.43 J cm−2. Overall, the composites of the triple decker sandwich–type complexes with Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe yielded the best NLO characteristics with 3 and 5 accounting for the largest βeff value of 5500 cm/GW and Ilim value of 0.09 J cm−2. The synthesized complexes and their composites with NCs could be viable and efficient NLO absorber due to their interesting NLO activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Optimizing phthalocyanine based dye-sensitized solar cells: The role of reduced graphene oxide
- Chindeka, Francis, Mashazi, Philani N, Britton, Jonathan, Fomo, Gertrude, Oluwole, David O, Sindelo, Azole, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Chindeka, Francis , Mashazi, Philani N , Britton, Jonathan , Fomo, Gertrude , Oluwole, David O , Sindelo, Azole , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187770 , vital:44695 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.10.021"
- Description: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated by incorporating graphene materials as catalysts at the counter electrode. Platinum was also used as a catalyst for comparison purposes. Different phthalocyanines: hydroxyl indium tetracarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine (1), chloro indium octacarboxy phthalocyanine (2) and dibenzoic acid silicon phthalocyanine (3) were used as dyes. Complex 3 gave the highest power conversion efficiency (η) of 3.19% when using nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (NrGONS) as a catalyst at the counter electrode, and TiO2 containing rGONS at the anode. The value is close to 3.8% obtained when using Pt catalyst instead of NrGONS at the cathode, thus confirming that NrGONS is a promising candidate to replace the more expensive Pt. The study also shows that placing rGONS on both the anode and cathode improves efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chindeka, Francis , Mashazi, Philani N , Britton, Jonathan , Fomo, Gertrude , Oluwole, David O , Sindelo, Azole , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187770 , vital:44695 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.10.021"
- Description: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated by incorporating graphene materials as catalysts at the counter electrode. Platinum was also used as a catalyst for comparison purposes. Different phthalocyanines: hydroxyl indium tetracarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine (1), chloro indium octacarboxy phthalocyanine (2) and dibenzoic acid silicon phthalocyanine (3) were used as dyes. Complex 3 gave the highest power conversion efficiency (η) of 3.19% when using nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (NrGONS) as a catalyst at the counter electrode, and TiO2 containing rGONS at the anode. The value is close to 3.8% obtained when using Pt catalyst instead of NrGONS at the cathode, thus confirming that NrGONS is a promising candidate to replace the more expensive Pt. The study also shows that placing rGONS on both the anode and cathode improves efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Orí (Head) as an xxpression of Yorùbá aesthetic philosophy:
- Ajíbóyè, Olusegun, Fọlárànmí, Stephen, Umoru-Ọkẹ, Nanashaitu
- Authors: Ajíbóyè, Olusegun , Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Umoru-Ọkẹ, Nanashaitu
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146145 , vital:38499 , DOI https://doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0115
- Description: Aesthetics was never a subject or a separate philosophy in the traditional philosophies of black Africa. This is however not a justification to conclude that it is nonexistent. Indeed, aesthetics is a day to day affair among Africans. There are criteria for aesthetic judgment among African societies which vary from one society to the other. The Yorùbá of Southwestern Nigeria are not different. This study sets out to examine how the Yorùbá make their aesthetic judgments and demonstrate their aesthetic philosophy in decorating their orí, which means head among the Yorùbá. The head receives special aesthetic attention because of its spiritual and biological importance. It is an expression of the practicalities of Yorùbá aesthetic values. Literature and field work has been of paramount aid to this study. The study uses photographs, works of art and visual illustrations to show the various ways the head is adorned and cared for among the Yoruba. It relied on Yoruba art and language as a tool of investigating the concept of ori and aesthetics. Yorùbá aesthetic values are practically demonstrable and deeply located in the Yorùbá societal, moral and ethical idealisms. It concludes that the spiritual importance of orí or its aesthetics has a connection which has been demonstratively established by the Yorùbá as epressed in the images and illustrations used in this paper.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ajíbóyè, Olusegun , Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Umoru-Ọkẹ, Nanashaitu
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146145 , vital:38499 , DOI https://doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0115
- Description: Aesthetics was never a subject or a separate philosophy in the traditional philosophies of black Africa. This is however not a justification to conclude that it is nonexistent. Indeed, aesthetics is a day to day affair among Africans. There are criteria for aesthetic judgment among African societies which vary from one society to the other. The Yorùbá of Southwestern Nigeria are not different. This study sets out to examine how the Yorùbá make their aesthetic judgments and demonstrate their aesthetic philosophy in decorating their orí, which means head among the Yorùbá. The head receives special aesthetic attention because of its spiritual and biological importance. It is an expression of the practicalities of Yorùbá aesthetic values. Literature and field work has been of paramount aid to this study. The study uses photographs, works of art and visual illustrations to show the various ways the head is adorned and cared for among the Yoruba. It relied on Yoruba art and language as a tool of investigating the concept of ori and aesthetics. Yorùbá aesthetic values are practically demonstrable and deeply located in the Yorùbá societal, moral and ethical idealisms. It concludes that the spiritual importance of orí or its aesthetics has a connection which has been demonstratively established by the Yorùbá as epressed in the images and illustrations used in this paper.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Painting our stories and legacies: historical evidences through Nigerian paintings
- Fọlárànmí, Stephen, Umoru-Ọ̀kẹ, Nanashaitu, Adéyanjú, Ìdòwú F
- Authors: Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Umoru-Ọ̀kẹ, Nanashaitu , Adéyanjú, Ìdòwú F
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145908 , vital:38477 , http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/article/view/3276
- Description: One of the functions art serves is to visually document history for generations to come. Even with the development of writing, the artists have continued to document various aspects of what they encounter in their various communities. In Nigeria with particular reference to painting, several artists have used their paintings as visual documentaries. The introduction of the camera as a tool for documenting did little to dissuade these painters from continuing this role. This paper therefore examined selected paintings of artists in Nigeria, whose works reveal historical evidences and culture of a people. Paintings cutting across the various genres such as portraits, landscapes scenes, architecture, festivals and cultural issues from pre-independence Nigeria to the present were selected for examination and analysis. The paper explores a descriptive and comparative analysis of the selected paintings vis-à-vis the various subjects they have recorded. It concludes that these paintings show significant historical evidences that can be used to reconstruct history and others aspects of the society where the need may arise. Painters in Nigeria more than other artists have been able to record history with their works because of the pictorial and compositional peculiarity of painting as an art form.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Umoru-Ọ̀kẹ, Nanashaitu , Adéyanjú, Ìdòwú F
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145908 , vital:38477 , http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/article/view/3276
- Description: One of the functions art serves is to visually document history for generations to come. Even with the development of writing, the artists have continued to document various aspects of what they encounter in their various communities. In Nigeria with particular reference to painting, several artists have used their paintings as visual documentaries. The introduction of the camera as a tool for documenting did little to dissuade these painters from continuing this role. This paper therefore examined selected paintings of artists in Nigeria, whose works reveal historical evidences and culture of a people. Paintings cutting across the various genres such as portraits, landscapes scenes, architecture, festivals and cultural issues from pre-independence Nigeria to the present were selected for examination and analysis. The paper explores a descriptive and comparative analysis of the selected paintings vis-à-vis the various subjects they have recorded. It concludes that these paintings show significant historical evidences that can be used to reconstruct history and others aspects of the society where the need may arise. Painters in Nigeria more than other artists have been able to record history with their works because of the pictorial and compositional peculiarity of painting as an art form.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Palace Courtyards in Iléṣà: a melting point of traditional Yorùbá architecture
- Fọlárànmí, Stephen, Adémúlẹyá, Babásẹhìndè
- Authors: Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Adémúlẹyá, Babásẹhìndè
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145873 , vital:38474 , https://news.clas.ufl.edu/palace-courtyards-in-ile%E1%B9%A3a-a-melting-point-of-traditional-yoruba-architecture/
- Description: The Yorùbá courtyard is an important architectural space in traditional Yorùbá architecture that has not received adequate scholarly attention. This paper examines the courtyards in the palace of certain chiefs and Ọwá Obòkun in Iléṣà, in southwest Nigeria. Fieldwork identified about ten courtyards in the palace of the Ọwá, four in the Rísàwè palace, and two in the palaces of the Léjọkà and Ọdọlé of Iléṣà. It uses these courtyards as models for courtyards in Yorùbá architecture. The study revealed that most of the courtyards in the Ọwá’s palace are generally not used for one specific function, though some are used mainly for religious purposes. The courtyards in the palaces of the chiefs are more functional, and better maintained than those of the Ọwá’s palace. The paper concludes that—considering their ancient and social function—the courtyards form a melting point within Yorùbá architecture. It suggests that efforts be made to ensure that the existing courtyards in these palaces are designated as landmark architecture and properly cared for to serve as tourist attractions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Adémúlẹyá, Babásẹhìndè
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145873 , vital:38474 , https://news.clas.ufl.edu/palace-courtyards-in-ile%E1%B9%A3a-a-melting-point-of-traditional-yoruba-architecture/
- Description: The Yorùbá courtyard is an important architectural space in traditional Yorùbá architecture that has not received adequate scholarly attention. This paper examines the courtyards in the palace of certain chiefs and Ọwá Obòkun in Iléṣà, in southwest Nigeria. Fieldwork identified about ten courtyards in the palace of the Ọwá, four in the Rísàwè palace, and two in the palaces of the Léjọkà and Ọdọlé of Iléṣà. It uses these courtyards as models for courtyards in Yorùbá architecture. The study revealed that most of the courtyards in the Ọwá’s palace are generally not used for one specific function, though some are used mainly for religious purposes. The courtyards in the palaces of the chiefs are more functional, and better maintained than those of the Ọwá’s palace. The paper concludes that—considering their ancient and social function—the courtyards form a melting point within Yorùbá architecture. It suggests that efforts be made to ensure that the existing courtyards in these palaces are designated as landmark architecture and properly cared for to serve as tourist attractions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Perspectives about the execution of police powers and functions in the republic of Zimbabwe
- Mugari, Ishmael, Obioha, Emeka, E
- Authors: Mugari, Ishmael , Obioha, Emeka, E
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4928 , vital:44304 , http://cjssp.uni-corvinus.hu/index.php/cjssp/article/view/220
- Description: This study was conducted to explore views about the execution of powers and functions of the police in the light of related challenges. This study made use of data from a total of 83 adult participants (a survey involving 73 individuals, and 10 in-depth interviews), including males and females of diverse occupational backgrounds from Bindura and Mount Darwin policing districts in Zimbabwe. A closed-ended, mostly Likert-scale-based questionnaire was used to collect data about the prevalent forms of police abuse of powers and functions, while an in-depth interview guide was provided to harvest information qualitatively. Findings reveal that police officers abuse their powers through unlawful arrests, arbitrary search and seizure, excessive use of force, unlawful methods of investigation, and ill treatment of detainees. Though not as prevalent as other forms of abuse, malicious criminal prosecution and partisan policing were also cited.K EYWOR DS: powers, abuse, function, police, Zimbabwe
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mugari, Ishmael , Obioha, Emeka, E
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4928 , vital:44304 , http://cjssp.uni-corvinus.hu/index.php/cjssp/article/view/220
- Description: This study was conducted to explore views about the execution of powers and functions of the police in the light of related challenges. This study made use of data from a total of 83 adult participants (a survey involving 73 individuals, and 10 in-depth interviews), including males and females of diverse occupational backgrounds from Bindura and Mount Darwin policing districts in Zimbabwe. A closed-ended, mostly Likert-scale-based questionnaire was used to collect data about the prevalent forms of police abuse of powers and functions, while an in-depth interview guide was provided to harvest information qualitatively. Findings reveal that police officers abuse their powers through unlawful arrests, arbitrary search and seizure, excessive use of force, unlawful methods of investigation, and ill treatment of detainees. Though not as prevalent as other forms of abuse, malicious criminal prosecution and partisan policing were also cited.K EYWOR DS: powers, abuse, function, police, Zimbabwe
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018