A framework for cultivating gen-z leadership at a software development organisation in Gqeberha
- Authors: Smith, Michael
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Generation Z -- South Africa , Leadership -- South Africa , Employee retention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73684 , vital:79494
- Description: As Generation Z (Gen Z) continues to enter the global job market, organisations encounter the significant challenge of comprehending and integrating this latest group of employees. Often misinterpreted, Gen Z offers distinct viewpoints, technological proficiency and varying expectations compared to earlier generations. Acknowledging that these individuals will become future leaders, organisations must invest effectively in their training and development of this cohort. Neglecting to do so could lead to challenges in retaining Gen Z employees and may adversely affect organisational performance, as strong leadership is a crucial element of success. A positivistic quantitative research methodology was employed, utilising a structured survey to collect data from Gen Z employees within the organisation. The survey garnered responses from 125 participants, providing a substantial dataset for analysis. Statistical techniques were used to examine the relationships between the identified factors and leadership development, including exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression modelling. The study developed a model for cultivating leadership among Gen Z employees through a comprehensive literature review and empirical investigation. The model integrates key factors such as leader engagement, career advancement opportunities, mentorship, leadership style and leadership skill acquisition methods. Each component addresses specific aspects of leadership development that are particularly relevant to Gen Z employees. For example, leader engagement highlights the importance of active involvement and support from current leaders, while mentorship highlights the value Gen Z places on personalised guidance and feedback. The model also considers preferred leadership styles that resonate with Gen Z, such as transformational and ethical leadership. It incorporates modern, technology-driven skill acquisition methods that align with their digital fluency. The proposed model acts as a strategic tool for organisations aiming to improve their leadership development programs. By customising initiatives to align with Gen Z's expectations and capitalising on their strengths, organisations can adequately equip these employees for leadership positions in the future. This forward-thinking strategy not only helps in retaining talent but also guarantees a strong pipeline of qualified leaders who can enhance organisational performance in a competitive and ever-changing market. The research stresses the necessity for organisations to modify their leadership development strategies in response to the changing workforce dynamics. By recognising and applying the elements outlined in the model, organisations can effectively cultivate Gen Z employees into competent leaders, thus ensuring their ongoing success and sustainability. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
A framework of digital marketing for small businesses in the retail sector
- Authors: Nkula, Asiphumeze
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Internet marketing , Retail trade -- Management , Small businesses -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73396 , vital:79433
- Description: Small businesses play an essential role in the South African economy, driving economic growth, job creation and community development, while significantly impacting national wealth, investment and trade. Comprising 79% of small businesses, the retail sector is a major contributor to employment in the country. However, small businesses face challenges such as limited financial resources, poor marketing skills, and complex government regulations, leading to high failure rates and minimal digital marketing efforts. Furthermore, there is limited research on digital marketing and small businesses in the retail sector. Against this background, the primary objective of this study was to build a framework for small businesses in the retail sector to implement digital marketing practices optimally. This study aimed to address the research gap by conducting an in-depth discussion of digital marketing compared to previous studies. It aimed not only to identify but also to explore and deepen the understanding of how small retail businesses can optimally implement digital marketing by examining the challenges and enablers they faced, ultimately, creating a framework to guide optimal digital marketing implementation. The current study adopted an interpretivist philosophy and descriptive research method as well as an inductive approach for theory development. It also utilised a mono-qualitative methodology, employing a survey research strategy to gather perceptions on digital marketing from small business owners/managers. A cross-sectional time horizon was adopted, with data collected from a single point in time. The secondary data was sourced from books, journals and articles for the literature review, while primary data was obtained through semi-structured interviews for the empirical investigation from participants who were all owners of small businesses. A thematic content analysis was employed to analyse the collected data. The main findings were presented as challenges and enablers of digital marketing. Four themes emerged as challenges and three themes emerged as enablers of digital marketing. These were also discussed by means of sub-themes, where applicable. Following the discussion on the challenges and enablers of digital marketing, to attain the study’s primary objective, the study presented a framework for small businesses in the retail sector to implement digital marketing practices optimally. The framework highlighted the most relevant digital marketing practices for small retailers and revealed the importance of knowledge, trust and communication when implementing and using digital marketing practices and tools. The study presents recommendations, based on the challenges, enablers and the framework, to ensure the optimal implementation of digital marketing. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
A reverse logistics strategy to foster independent schools’ sustainable E-waste management
- Authors: Agbavor, Joseph Kofi
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Business logistics , Electronic waste -- Management , Strategic planning
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/71926 , vital:79154
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to propose a reverse logistics strategy to foster sustainable e-waste management implementation in independent schools in South Africa. The study followed a quantitative research approach and targeted key stakeholders in independent schools, including directors and principals. Using an expert purposive sampling technique to select a final sample of 306 respondents, primary data was collected through a QuestionPro web-based questionnaire. Of the 315 email invites sent to the potential respondents, only 306 usable questionnaires were returned and included in the data analysis. The study found an insignificant effect of sustainable e-waste management key drivers on sustainable e-waste management practices. The study also reported a positive and significant effect of sustainable e-waste management key drivers on sustainable e-waste management approaches, and corporate competitiveness. However, this does not significantly influence e-waste management approaches. The primary results also revealed that sustainable e-waste management practices positively and significantly enhance sustainable e-waste management approaches. The results further showed a positive and significant effect of sustainable e-waste management practices on corporate competitiveness as well as a positive and significant effect of sustainable e-waste management approaches on corporate competitiveness. The results also reported a partial mediation effect of sustainable e-waste management key drivers on the relationship between sustainable e-waste management practices and approaches but revealed no evidence of mediation of sustainable e-waste management key drivers in the relationship between sustainable e-waste management practices and corporate competitiveness. The results furthershowed a partial mediation effect of sustainable e-waste management approaches on the relationship between sustainable e-waste management key drivers and corporate competitiveness. Evidence also revealed no mediation effect of sustainable e-waste management approaches on the relationship between sustainable e-waste management practices and corporate competitiveness. Finally, the results reported a full mediation effect of sustainable e-waste management practices on the relationship between sustainable e-waste management key drivers and corporate , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
A systematic literature review of African family business research
- Authors: Billings, Cassidy
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- Management , Small business -- South Africa , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/71985 , vital:79163
- Description: Family businesses are a dominant force in the global economy, making up the majority of businesses worldwide and contributing significantly to employment and economic output. These businesses play a crucial role in both developed and emerging economies and as such, have garnered much interest amongst scholars to research family businesses. Despite the growing recognition of family businesses’ importance and increase in family business research globally, research on family businesses in Africa remains limited and underexplored, with no formalised review conducted on all African family business research to date. This lack within African family business research presents a gap in the literature, which this study seeks to address. The primary objective of this study is thus to undertake a systematic literature review of African family business research to summarise and build on the existing body of knowledge and to identify avenues for future research. The review involved searching for relevant articles in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, yielding a total of 107 articles that met this study’s inclusion criteria. The analysis was conducted in two phases: a descriptive analysis, which profiled the publications in terms of geographical focus, publication year, authors and their affiliated institutions, journal impact, citation count as well as, theories and methodologies used. Thereafter, a thematic analysis was undertaken to identify and describe key research topical clusters and themes within African family business research. The articles on which the systematic literature review was conducted were published between 1996 and 2023. South Africa, Ghana and Nigeria emerged as the African countries in which most of the studies published in these articles had been undertaken. The 107 articles included in the review were published in 63 different academic journals and authored by 274 scholars, with fifty-eight percent of these scholars being located in African countries at the time of publication. The thematic analysis revealed that African family business research was categorised into ten topical clusters, namely succession, governance, entrepreneurship, innovation, family dynamics, ownership, leadership and management, internationalisation, corporate social responsibility, socioemotional wealth and performance. Within these topical clusters various research themes and sub-themes were identified. Most articles were however categorised into three topical clusters namely, performance, family dynamics, and ownership, leadership and management. The current study contributed to the growing body of knowledge on African family businesses by conducting a systematic literature review that synthesised existing research in an African family business context. Through consolidating bibliometric data and key topical themes, as well as identifying gaps in current research, this review offered an overview of the state of family business research in Africa. This synthesis also provides a foundation for future research, offering valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to understand the complexities of family businesses in Africa. Most importantly, this study provides a roadmap for future research, helping to bridge the gap in the literature and supporting the sustainable growth of the family business research field in Africa. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Adoption of fintech business models, its perceived risks and benefits: evidence from Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Qodi, Siyasanga
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Financial services industry -- Information technology , Macroeconomics , Banks and banking -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73587 , vital:79485
- Description: Financial technology has become one of the most noticeably advancing technologies in the financial sphere, allowing banks, businesses and individuals to make and receive payments from anywhere in the world. This financial technology operates with different business models characterise by some levels of risks and which affect its adoption by potential users. Fintech was introduced shortly after the 2008 global financial crisis which saw both the economic and financial industries crumble as the traditional banking system lost confidence. In South Africa, therefore, a division of fintech was introduced within the South African Reserve Bank to explore and oversee the financial technology implementation or innovation. Although fintech may be associated with perceived risk, this risk may not be the same for all models as each model of fintech operation presents different facets of risk and this has not been adequately explored in the existing literature. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of perceived risks and benefits of different fintech business models on its adoption by existing and prospective users in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality using primary data. Specifically, the study seeks to, to assess different business models of fintech and associated perceived risk factors and benefits by existing and prospective users in NMBM. Investigating the influence of perceived risk factor of each business model on fintechadoption in NMBM., to investigating the influence of perceived benefits of each business model on fintech adoption in NMBM. To address objective one on different business models of fintech, descriptive statistics analysis was conducted. Findings reveal the use of different business models such as mobile payment, wealth management, peer-to-peer lending, automated teller machines (ATM), eWallet and quick loan in the study area. To address the second objective on the influence of perceived risks on the adoption of fintech, structure equation model (SEM) was used. Findings reveal that economic benefit, convenience and transaction process have a positive significant impact on the adoption of eWallet, mobile payment, peer-to-peer lending, wealth management, ATMand quick loan. However, financial, legal, security and operational risks have a positive significant impact on the adoption of peer-to-peer lending, and a negative significant impact on the adoption of wealth management and eWallet. Based on the findings, it is recommended that financial institutions, especially banks, should implement high-tech security measures to minimise risk and mitigate the negative effects of fintech on users and consumers. This is because consumers and users consider the benefits and dangers of adopting fintech. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
An exploration of provincial government intervention in a selected local municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Soga, Sizwe William
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73695 , vital:79495
- Description: With the end of apartheid and the beginning of democratic dispensation in 1994, South Africa’s governance model was redesigned to cater for and align with the values of the new democratic South Africa. The country’s governance model was decentralised, thus forming three spheres of government: national, provincial, and local. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa formulates the three spheres of government that are distinct yet interrelated and mutually connected. Each sphere has its own responsibilities and functions, which it performs autonomously within a decentralised cooperative governance system. The three spheres of government are equally imperative. However, local government is considered the most important sphere of government, given that it is embedded in the communities. This sphere is regarded as the face of government and is responsible for essential service delivery to the communities. Municipalities are charged with managing this important sphere of government in the country. However, South African municipalities are generally viewed as being in a state of crisis. Many municipalities in the country are considered at risk, and some have become completely dysfunctional in that they cannot fulfil their constitutional obligations and mandates as per the constitution. In such a situation where a municipality cannot perform its functions and fulfil its obligations, the provincial government can intervene in that municipality through various instruments, including Section 139 of the Constitution. Given the country's rising number of dysfunctional municipalities, provincial authorities' invocation of Section 139 intervention has become widespread in South Africa. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate the effectiveness of Section 139 interventions in local government using a selected municipality in the Eastern Cape as a case study. The study also sought to examine the roles and functions of the provincial government concerning the implementation of Section 139 interventions. The study employed new institutionalism and decentralisation as a theoretical lens to investigate this phenomenon. It adopted a qualitative research approach and included semi-structured interviews with key research participants with knowledge and experience of Section 139 interventions. The study purposefully engaged 20 participants from a selected local municipality in the Eastern Cape. The selected local municipality has been placed under administration for two consecutive terms by the provincial authorities in accordance with Section 139 interventions. The findings obtained through engagement with selected participants were corroborated with secondary data sources regarding the topic under study. The study notes that implementing Section 139 interventions remains a contested phenomenon in local government. It was found that these interventions have, at most, not been effective in turning around dysfunctional municipalities in South Africa. Specifically, the results indicate that implementing the interventions for two terms has not changed the situation in the municipality; instead, it has caused animosity among different municipal role players, thus further deteriorating the state of the municipality and impeding service delivery. The study notes that the selected municipality faces many challenges, including, among other things, service delivery-related protests, unemployment, poverty, and inequality within the municipality. The study's findings show that service delivery remains constrained in the municipality; however, this state of affairs mirrors the general crisis that local government in South Africa faces. Furthermore, the findings confirm that the lack of adequate human, financial and physical resources has made it complex and problematic for local municipalities (especially the ones in rural areas) to perform and fulfil their constitutional obligation of delivering essential services to local communities. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
An exploration of public-private partnership (PPP) as an alternative intervention for roads infrastructure in the Eastern Cape Province: a case of the department of transport
- Authors: Marala, Yandiswa
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Public-private sector cooperation -- Case studies , Partnership -- Case studies , South Africa -- Department of Transport
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72971 , vital:79299
- Description: This dissertation explores the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships as an alternative approach to the development and maintenance of road infrastructure in Eastern Cape Province, specifically focusing on the Eastern Cape Department of Transport. This study considers the limitations of existing funding models and infrastructural development methods. Furthermore, it highlights the regrettable state of backlog in terms of road maintenance and construction activities in the province. Through a qualitative research approach, this study investigates possible advantages and disadvantages related to PPP implementation, assessing how such partnerships might improve the region’s general economic growth along with its service delivery efficiency levels. It takes into account the legal framework that governs PPPs, governance issues connected with them, and risk management associated with these partnerships thus providing a detailed examination regarding their relevance within the Eastern Cape Province. The results indicate that, although PPPs offer an optimistic answer to the infrastructure problems experienced by the Eastern Cape, effective implementation would need considerable modifications to current administrative practices and proper integration with the present legal regulation. This research is significant for the area of public administration since it sheds light on various funding methods that may improve road networks within one of South Africa’s most impoverished regions. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Arts-based participatory research for inclusive marine protected areas management: UThukela MPA
- Authors: Noomé, Jessica Anne
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Marine resources conservation , Coastal zone management -- Environmental aspects , Environmental protection
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73458 , vital:79443
- Description: This study explores the role of arts-based participatory research (ABPR) in fostering inclusive management strategies for the uThukela Marine Protected Area (MPA) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Acknowledging historical marginalisation of local communities in marine conservation in South Africa and globally, this research used an adaption of the photovoice methodology to assess how Traditional and Local Knowledge Systems (TLKS) of local communities can be incorporated into MPA management. The study was guided by objectives to test participatory research methods, provide a platform for knowledge sharing, and identify potential pathways for meaningful, inclusive MPA governance. The value of incorporating co-researchers rather than participants is evident in the depth and breadth of knowledge shared and incorporated into this research. Findings highlight the socio-cultural significance of the environment to the Nqutshini community for fishing, agriculture, and traditional and cultural heritage and practices. TLKS were found to be vital insights that MPA governance can consider to address conservation while still being respectful of the local communities and their livelihoods. The photovoice method proved to be an effective tool for empowering participants and producing insight recommendations for potential action. Challenges to inclusivity, such as limited consultation and socio-economic barriers, were juxtaposed with opportunities for building equitable partnerships through co-management practices. By using ABPR as a tool for integration and learning, and putting the voices of the community above any others, this research contributes to broader discourse in inclusive conservation in South Africa. The importance of balancing ecological, socio-cultural, and economic factors in MPAs can advance strategies for inclusive and sustainable MPA management. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Assessing factors affecting forecast accuracy in automotive and surface coatings industry
- Authors: Mhletywa, Monde Irvin
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Business forecasting , Business planning , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73037 , vital:79326
- Description: Accurate Demand forecasting for many industries including automotive and coatings industry, is a cornerstone of ensuring accurate supply forecasting for supply chain management. This research primary objective is to assess the elements that can be used to improve forecast accuracy in the surface coatings industry. An operational plan that informs resource allocation and product delivery strategy can be delivered accurately when it is informed by accurate demand forecasting. Further, the strategic decision-making of the organisation is directly impacted by the level of accuracy of forecasting as the key performance indicators are linked to forecasting for finance, operations in a formal supply chain that includes purchasing, planning, production and logistics. These elements directly impact profitability and customer satisfaction. The research was conducted using a qualitative design with data collected using a semi-structured interview model within the automotive and coatings industry. Onion metaphor was used to carry research as methodology, while thematic analysis for analysing data to provide conclusive results was practised. The review of literature and research results confirmed that there are methods still to be exploited by the industry to improve accuracy of forecasting. The impact of time horizon, data quality, seasonal fluctuations, experience and expertise of forecasters cannot be ignored as directly impacted the accuracy of forecasting as confirmed by the research and literature with non-use of AI-driven forecasting methods through advanced technologies in data analysis and strategic decision making for forecast improvement contributing to poor forecast accuracy. To address these challenges, the study recommends the use of forecasters that are trained to gain expertise in order to use advanced technologies of AI driven forecasting methods, and with time, gain experience to be able to improve and maintain forecast accuracy. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Assessing the challenges encountered by South African fisheries in pursuit of blue economy strategic objectives
- Authors: Peter, Siyamkela
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Fisheries -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Marine resources - Economic aspects -- South Africa , Sustainable development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73575 , vital:79483
- Description: This study investigates the challenges encountered by South African fisheries in their pursuit of Blue Economy strategic objectives, focusing on sustainable development, economic resilience, and marine conservation. South Africa’s fisheries sector is integral to the national economy and the livelihoods of coastal communities. However, it faces significant challenges that hinder its contribution to the Blue Economy. Through qualitative analysis in the form of interviews and document analysis, the study identifies key issues, including overfishing, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, limited market access, inadequate capacity building, and insufficient community involvement. The study highlights the need for ecosystem-based management practices, enhanced monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, and robust regional cooperation to combat IUU fishing effectively. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of capacity building and community engagement, advocating for initiatives that empower small-scale fishers and promote co-management systems that integrate local knowledge with regulatory oversight. The findings also emphasize improving market access and economic opportunities for fishers through infrastructure development, sustainable certification, and financial support. Recommendations provide a roadmap for achieving a sustainable fisheries sector that aligns with Blue Economy principles, balancing economic growth with environmental protection and social equity. This study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable fisheries management by offering insights and actionable strategies that policymakers, industry stakeholders, and community leaders can use to address current challenges. Ultimately, the research advocates for a more inclusive, resilient, and sustainable approach to managing South Africa’s marine resources, highlighting a model that could serve as a reference for other nations pursuing Blue Economy objectives. , Thesis (MMM) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Assessing the implementation of green supply chain practices within the manufacturing sector of Gqeberha
- Authors: Davis, Ronique Lesley
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Business logistics , Business logistics -- Technological innovations , Green marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72033 , vital:79179
- Description: Manufacturing operations have been a key driver of economic growth in both South Africa and Gqeberha for decades. However, the industry’s significant transmission of greenhouse gas and emissions is a focal point for decarbonisation efforts to restrict escalating temperatures. Green supply chain practices have, therefore, emerged as a managerial ideology that assists manufacturing organisations and stakeholders in securing profits by eliminating environmental danger and enabling ecological competence. In this context, the study assessed the impact of green supply chain practices within the manufacturing sector of Gqeberha. This included establishing antecedents and outcomes of green supply chain practice implementation within the Gqeberha manufacturing sector. The study also aimed to fill the research gap and contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding green supply chain management in the manufacturing sector of Gqeberha. The comprehensive literature review in this study included an overview of the Gqeberha manufacturing sector, theories related to green supply chain management, theoretical perspectives on GSCM and the existing studies that support the hypothesised model of this study. The empirical investigation conducted included an online and hand delivered survey questionnaire. The primary data was statistically examined in five phases: exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to test the validity of the survey; Cronbach’s alpha for reliability testing; descriptive statistics; Pearsons’s product correlation; and regression analysis. The empirical results confirmed that green supply chain management implementation can be measured in terms of two constructs, namely strategic and operational implementation of green supply chain management. Additionally, the results of the study confirmed reverse logistics as an antecedent of both operational and strategic GSCP implementation, while green product design and manufacturing (through three pillars namely green product design, green marketing, and green distribution) was confirmed as an antecedent of strategic GSCM implementation. Furthermore, the study revealed competitive advantage and sustainability as the outcomes of both strategic and operational GSCP implementation. This study makes a notable contribution throughout management and innovative and strategic practices as it provides insightful guidelines for stakeholders to understand implement and sustain GSCP strategies, while the empirical results could also be utilised by managers and organisations as a guide to formulate strategies for sustainability relating to the manufacturing industry. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Management Sciences, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Coastal and marine tourism development: a conceptual framework for place-based marine spatial planning in the Wild Coast, Port St Johns
- Authors: Nkalitshana, Malwande
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Tourism -- Environmental aspects , Coastal zone management -- Environmental aspects , Environmental management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73345 , vital:79421
- Description: The launch of Operation Phakisa: Ocean Economy in 2014 by the South African Government heightened the focus and interest in the ocean as a catalyst to contribute towards South Africa’s lagging economic growth to reduce the pressing challenges of unemployment, poverty, and unequal participation in South Africa’s mainstream economy, particularly, those from previously disadvantaged groups (Odeku, 2021). Operation Phakisa identified six focus areas: marine transport and manufacturing, offshore oil and gas exploration, aquaculture, small harbour development, ocean governance and protection services, and coastal and marine tourism (Loureiro, Du Plessis, & Findlay, 2022). Each of these focus areas is attached to lead departments. Coastal and marine tourism is attached to the National Department of Tourism. After the oil and gas sector, coastal and marine tourism was identified as one of the fastest-growing ocean economy subsectors. With its potential to create much-needed jobs, promote small, medium and micro enterprise (SMME) participation, and contribute to the broader economy by implementing its nodal strategic approach, the Department of Tourism identified nodal zones to which coastal and marine tourism development projects would be intensely implemented. Port St Johns is one of the nodal zones that the department identified. With its unique, high biodiversity, which is attractive to tourists, Port St Johns has been marred with enormous challenges of unemployment, under-development, and high poverty rates. In addition, it has suffered from challenges of competing interests between development and environmental conservation groups enabled by the Transkein Environmental Conservation Decree 9 of 1992, which prohibits development projects within a one-kilometre radius from high water mark. This has resulted in conflicting views, leading to the demise of development, and further perpetuating socio-economic hardships and disparities. Due to similar challenges and with more actors venturing into the ocean economy space, the South African Government has followed the international practice of introducing a marine spatial planning approach to manage the distribution and allocation of spaces for human activities within and around marine and coastal environments. Marine spatial planning has been praised and promoted as the most suitable instrument to manage dynamic, diverse, and fragile environments such as marine and coastal environments. However, although marine spatial planning is touted as an instrument that promotes a participatory and democratic process, it has the potential to fall into the trap of other planning systems, which are top-down, negating the power imbalances amongst the stakeholders. Additionally, such planning regimes fail to recognise the local-centric and diverse interests, including local communities’ use of the marine and coastal resources in these areas. Thus, the current study developed a proposed conceptual framework to guide the development of place-based marine spatial plans to enhance coastal and marine tourism in Port St Johns. The proposed conceptual framework contains critical elements for marine spatial planning (MSP) planners to consider when developing marine spatial plans. The overarching theoretical approach that guides the framework is ecosystem services. This study employed a qualitative research approach, and interviews were used to obtain study participants’ perspectives. Participants were drawn from the Port St Johns Municipality, civil society organisations, development agencies, tourism forums, traditional leaders, councillors, communal property associations, and environmental agencies. Bringing together the perspectives of this diverse group helped to broaden the researcher’s perspective on Port St Johns’ dynamics regarding its challenges and opportunities. Furthermore, these perspectives enabled the development of the proposed conceptual framework for place-based MSP. Recommendations are made to test the proposed conceptual frameworks in developing place-based MSP in coastal cities such as Port St Johns to identify areas of concern for improvement where necessary. , Thesis (D.Phil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Coastal communities' empowerment through participation in blue tourism activities in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Runeli, Philasande Lioned
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Tourism -- Environmental aspects , Marine ecotourism , Sustainable tourism
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72343 , vital:79213
- Description: The promotion and growth of blue tourism, particularly in metropolitan coastal regions such as Nelson Mandela Bay in South Africa, requires strategic tourism marketing approaches that align with local economic development goals. These strategies not only boost the region's attractiveness to tourists but also enhance local economic participation by fostering sustainable practices and supporting Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). This study investigated the role of micro-projects and SMEs in advancing blue tourism while addressing the challenges faced by the coastal communities. Specifically, it examined how tailored tourism marketing strategies and community-focused initiatives can unlock the economic potential of blue tourism in Nelson Mandela Bay. The research adopted a constructivist paradigm and employed a qualitative methodology, featuring semi-structured interviews with diverse stakeholders, including community members and tourism industry professionals. This approach allowed for the collection of in-depth insights into the opportunities and barriers associated with blue tourism. Through this methodology, the study identified key themes around stakeholder collaboration, community engagement, and sustainable practices as the critical factors for success in this sector. The key findings revealed the importance of empowering local communities through capacity-building programs, enhancing collaboration between public and private entities, and creating targeted marketing campaigns to elevate blue tourism's profile. The study also highlights the necessity of equipping SMEs with resources and training to promote entrepreneurship and ensure their meaningful participation in tourism-driven economic growth. These recommendations are rooted in the broader objective of fostering an inclusive and sustainable blue tourism ecosystem that balances economic advancement with environmental stewardship. The study concludes by offering actionable recommendations for tourism practitioners, local businesses, and policymakers. These include developing community-driven marketing initiatives, establishing robust support structures for SMEs, and investing in skill development tailored to the blue economy. By prioritising these elements, the stakeholders can unlock long-term growth, by delivering enhanced economic benefits to coastal communities while enriching the visitor experience in Nelson Mandela Bay's unique coastal environment. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Covid-19 pandemic and livelihoods of SMME owners in the retail food and beverage industry in Gqeberha
- Authors: Olajuyin, Olayide Fisayo
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease) -- Economic aspects -- Business , Small business -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Beverage industry -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73541 , vital:79457
- Description: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Small Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs) in the retail food and beverage industry in Gqeberha, South Africa. The study’s objectives were to determine the effects of COVID-19 on SMMEs, examine the challenges faced, investigate the pandemic's effects on performance, identify resilient strategies adopted, and develop livelihood coping strategies for SMME owners. The study explored existing literature, developed a conceptual framework, infused theoretical grounding, and described the operationalisation process and data collection methods. The study follows an interpretivist research philosophy and uses sustainable livelihood and capability approaches to ground the study theoretically. The research adopts a hybrid methodology, incorporating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and qualitative semi-structured interviews with purposively selected participants in Humewood, Walmer, Gqeberha Central Business District (CBD), and the Summerstrand suburbs of Gqeberha. The methodology, including data collection and ethical considerations, is thoroughly explained and prioritised throughout the study. The study also conducted a bibliometric analysis and selected 192 peer-reviewed articles for the global SLR, 6 grey literature (newspaper articles), and 2 articles for the Gqeberha SLR. The study population comprises SMME owners/managers with 5 to 200 staff in the retail food and beverage industry in Gqeberha. The findings revealed that many SMMEs in the retail food and beverage industry had to close during the mandatory lockdown period, while others struggled to keep their businesses afloat due to the significant impact of the pandemic. Challenges such as logistics, customer compliance with health and safety regulations, sales, and staffing issues were prevalent. Some SMMEs experienced improved turnover despite initial concerns, while others faced decreased sales and customer numbers. SMMEs adopted various resilient strategies, including implementing health and safety standards, utilising social media for marketing, offering specials, and promoting takeaways to adapt to the challenges posed by the pandemic. To survive the COVID-19 challenges, SMMEs in the retail food and beverage industry must prioritise operational resilience and strategic innovation. This study provides valuable insights into the specific difficulties SMMEs face in Gqeberha and offers recommendations to assist current and future SMME owners in navigating the effects of the pandemic. The findings of the research and the proposed strategies aim to assist SMME owners in the retail food and beverage industry in mitigating the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and building resilience in the face of future disruptions by similar pandemics. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Determinants of disparities in early closure of businesses during covid-19 pandemic in South Africa: evidence from enterprise survey data
- Authors: Nxazonke, Nomfundo
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease) -- Economic aspects , Economics -- South Africa , Success in business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73481 , vital:79447
- Description: The study investigates the disparity in business closures in South Africa during the pandemic using data from the 2020/2021 Enterprise Survey by the World Bank. It examines the determinants of this disparity and investigates the closure of different sized businesses using descriptive statistics, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and logistic regression. The study found that small businesses are more likely to close than medium and large businesses in 2020, with a closure disparity of 8% in the 2nd quarter, 88% in the 3rd quarter, and 5% in the 4th quarter. The results reveal that experienced managers have a significant negative impact on business closure only in the 2nd and 3rd quarter. Critical thinking has a significant negative impact in the 3rd quarter and skilled workforce has a significant negative impact. Temporary workers have a significant positive impact on business closure in the 2nd quarter and a significant negative impact in the 4th quarter. The results also indicate that skilled workers, female workers, the food industry, the textile and garment industry, and the motor vehicle industry have a significant negative impact on business closure. The same sale as the previous year has a significant negative impact on business closure for small-sized firms. For large-sized businesses, skilled workers, female workers, and food have a significant positive impact on business closure. The textile and garment, motor vehicle, and fabric and metal product industries have a significant positive impact on business closure. However, when it comes to business closure in medium-sized businesses, the textile and garment, motor vehicle, and fabric and metal product industries have a significant positive impact. The findings of this study suggest that targeted support and resources may be needed for small businesses to improve their chances of survival during future crises. Policy interventions to promote gender equality and increase the number of skilled workers in the workforce can help to address some of the factors that contribute to business closures. Additionally, businesses may need to adopt digital technologies and adapt to changing market conditions to improve their resilience. Implementing measures to promote inclusivity and reduce inequality, such as job creation programs, improved access to education, and support for marginalized groups, can also help to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic on businesses. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Distributional analysis of gender gaps in wages: evidence from post-apartheid labour market series data
- Authors: Motanyane, Pulane Innocentiah
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Sex discrimination in employment -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Pay equity -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Wages -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73070 , vital:79329
- Description: This study’s main aim was to investigate the gender wage gap and its causes in post-apartheid South Africa, this study analysed the gender wage gap along sector and occupation by analysing how segmentation by occupation affects comparative earnings in different occupations and sectors of the workforce. The majority of studies conducted in South Africa do not analyse the female wage difference along occupation and sector. Most previous studies mainly focus only on mean aggregated level data which does not fully depict the gender salary difference. Using the Post-Apartheid Labour Market Series (PALMS), this study examined the gender wage gap during the years 1993 to 2019 and used Oaxaca Blinder decomposition and Unconditional Quantile Regressions (UQRs) to examine the gender wage gap and the potential causes.The results indicated that there is gender wage gap between males and females, thereby resulting in a raw log wage difference of 0.527. The decomposition method revealed that the endowments, or the differences in characteristics between females and males, accounted for 0.0605 of the wage gap and the remaining part of the wage disparity was caused by variations in observable traits like occupation, experience, and education. Unconditional Quantile Regression was employed to investigate the gender wage gap across various wage distribution points, and at each quantile of the distribution there was a wage gap between the males and females. The index of dissimilarity was used to measure the degree of occupational segregation between genders, and the results showed that occupational segregation remains a persistent challenge contributing to the gender wage disparities, as evidenced by the wage penalties observed across various occupational categories for women. In terms of domestic laws, the right to fair treatment should be incorporated in labour law where for any equivalent or comparable job, a lower salary cannot be determined based on a person's gender. Eliminating the gender pay gap should be one of South Africa's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with the intention of advancing decent work for all. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Evaluating the Kenya health policy 2014-2030: towards equity and financial protection
- Authors: Ngala, Consolata
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Medical policy -- Economic Aspects -- Kenya , Medical policy -- Social aspects -- Kenya , Health insurance -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73331 , vital:79412
- Description: The government of Kenya in 2014 developed and implemented the Kenya Health Policy 2014-2030 to improve the welfare of its citizens. This was done through Universal Health Coverage (UHC) that was piloted from December, 2018 to December 2019 in Nyeri, Kisumu, Isiolo and Machakos Counties in Kenya. These were the counties with a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), communicable diseases (CDs), poverty rates and accidents and injuries respectively. In February 2022 the government rolled out UHC targeting the elderly, as well as infants which was only 3.9 % and 12.8 % of the total population respectively. This was done without first evaluating the impact of the pilot. Literature shows that the achievement of UHC is quite elusive in Kenya. The study evaluated the design, implementation and impact of the Policy on equity and financial protection in piloted (Machakos and Kisumu) and non-piloted counties (Nakuru and Busia). The study also a baseline comparative analysis of the equity and financial protection in the sampled counties, establish the impact of the policy on the equity and financial protection in 2018-2019 (post analysis) and finally determined the cost effectiveness of equity and financial protection by comparing the cost of the health outcomes in the study counties. Exploratory and cross-sectional designs using both qualitative and quantitative data guided by the theory of change and logic model were used. The study used both secondary data from the Kenya Health Expenditure and Utilisation Survey (KHHEUS) (2018) and from primary survey data of 591 households in both piloted and non-piloted counties. Purposive, cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study Counties. The qualitative data collected was analysed thematically through content analysis. The quantitative data was analysed descriptively and through the use of inferential statistics (logistic regression and zero truncated model). Health outcomes measured by number of visits (Access) and catastrophic health expenditures were subjected to propensity score matching and incremental cost effectiveness ratio computed. The findings indicated that the life expectancy increased from 60 to 63 years in 2021-2022. There was a reduction in the prevalence of CDs such as Malaria from 4.3% in 2021 to 3.7% in 2023, and HIV from 11.4% in 2021 to 5.8% in 2023. Injuries reduced by 1.9%, maternal mortality as well as infant and under five mortality rates reduced with an increased uptake of antenatal care services. However, prevalence of NCDs increased from 39% in 2020 to 44% in 2023. Baseline analysis revealed that households in the piloted Counties had relatively more hospital visits and a reported lower percentage of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). Propensity score matching revealed that the treated Counties had a statistically significant greater number of hospital visits as compared to the control Counties. There was statistically significant difference in the number of households in the control Counties that suffered CHE as compared to the treatment Counties. Lastly, the incremental cost effectiveness ratio revealed that to improve on the number of visits by 1%, the government should invest an additional of Ksh 1,225.87 million in Kisumu. Equally, to reduce the number of households likely to suffer CHE by 1%, the government should invest additional Ksh 80.775 and 165.82 million in Kisumu and Machakos respectively. The study revealed that UHC played a vital role in influencing hospital utilisation and cushioned households against CHE. The study recommends that 100% inclusivity in any government social heath insurance is necessary in order to reduce CHE among households. In addition, to enhance equity, the government should invest more in healthcare human resource and infrastructure across the Counties. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Evaluating the role of special economic zones and SMMEs’ sustainability: a case study of Coega
- Authors: Kassim, Nadia
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Economic zoning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Coega Development Corporation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72846 , vital:79271
- Description: This research assesses the influence of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) on the sustainability of Small, Medium, and Micro-sized Enterprises (SMMEs) in the Eastern Cape. The main goal is to improve the comprehension of the role of SEZs and to identify the obstacles that hinder the growth and sustainability of SMMEs. The literature suggests that funding, skills, and management are identified as the major constraints hindering sustainability. Additionally, the study analysed the financial and administrative support provided by Coega SEZ that could enhance SMME sustainability, as well as the policies and programs that can support SMME businesses. Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) face a range of challenges that hinder their growth and sustainability, despite government efforts to support them. Among these challenges, limited financial resources stand out as one of the most significant obstacles. Without adequate capital, SMMEs struggle to scale their operations, invest in necessary technology, or hire skilled employees. This case study of the Coega SEZ in South Africa examines its impact on Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs), highlighting how SMME development can drive various socio-economic benefits. The qualitative research demonstrates that by simultaneously providing access to opportunities, finance, and technical and managerial expertise, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) can serve as a valuable policy tool for SMMEs, helping them overcome key challenges. The case study offers policy recommendations on how to leverage SEZs to support SMME growth and development. The study utilized a qualitative research methodology and employed a non-probability, purposive sampling technique to select a sample of fifteen participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The main findings indicated that small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) often lack industry knowledge and face challenges related to skills and finance. The study recommended greater support from the government and multinational companies for SMMEs, along with incentives for financial institutions that assist them. Additionally, government intervention during periods of high interest rates was suggested. The study also emphasized the importance of SMMEs enhancing their skills and diversifying their businesses. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Exploring data governance to enhance operations management in the Eastern Cape Department of Transport
- Authors: Nkau, Searabo Rebafilwe
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Big data , Information resources management , Production management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73364 , vital:79430
- Description: The study explored data governance to enhance operations management in the Eastern Cape Department of Transport (EC-DoT). The motivation for this research was the EC-DoT's failure to meet its oversight responsibilities in data management, leading to consecutive adverse audit outcomes. The study used a qualitative research method and adopted an inductive approach to understand the nature and the extent of the research problem. Semi-structured interviews were conducted through a purposive sampling strategy that targeted EC-DoT leadership and management. Out of 30 sampled participants, 19 participants were interviewed thus a achieving a 63% participation rate for the study. Data was analysed and reported using reflective thematic analysis aligned with the research objectives. The study found that reliable data is crucial for achieving operational objectives, and poor data quality hinders decision-making and customer service. Inconsistencies in data management, such as the lack of a data governance guideline and fragmented data systems, were identified as major challenges. The study also highlighted the lack of alignment of national policies, guidelines, and standards, which poses significant challenges to achieving data legitimacy and impedes citizens' rights to access information. Institutional arrangements for data governance were found to be inadequate, with a need for enhanced assurance systems and collaborative information sharing. The study found that reliable data is crucial for achieving operational objectives, and poor data quality hinders decision-making and customer service. Inconsistencies in data management, such as the lack of a data governance guideline and fragmented data systems, were identified as major challenges. The study also highlighted the lack of alignment of national policies, guidelines, and standards, which poses significant challenges to achieving data legitimacy and impedes citizens' rights to access information. Institutional arrangements for data governance were found to be inadequate, with a need for enhanced assurance systems and collaborative information sharing. In addition to proposing a guideline for effective data management, this study recognizes the need for leadership support to drive the desired culture within the EC-DoT. Leadership support is essential for fostering a culture that values data governance. The recommendations are coupled with a change management framework to ensure successful implementation and sustainability. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04
Exploring factors influencing the business success of black commercial farmers in South Africa: a quantitative study
- Authors: Venter, Stephanus Johannes Jacobus (Jacques)
- Date: 2025-04
- Subjects: Farms, Small -- South Africa , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa , Success in business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73937 , vital:79592
- Description: This study investigated the factors influencing the business success of black smallholder farmers in South Africa, which concentrated on key economic opportunities such as access to finance, favourable markets, affordable inputs, mechanisation, training and land. Through quantitative research, the study investigated the relationship between these economic factors and business success, using statistical techniques through means of the JASP analytical software like Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation analysis to test the data collected from six provinces in South Africa. The study also highlighted the constant issue of poor infrastructure, which hinders productivity and the growing demand for land and improved farming inputs. Although the research provides valuable insights, it is limited by financial, time restrictions and the geographic setting, which restricted the findings. Also, the pure quantitative approach limited the depth of understanding regarding the difficulties of smallholder farming. Future studies should benefit from a mixed-methods approach and a broader geographical setting to better address the multifaceted challenges faced by black smallholder farmers. This research was an attempt to contribute to the understanding of the barriers to agricultural success and offers recommendations for improving access to resources, infrastructure and support systems to enhance the viability and sustainability of smallholder farming enterprises in South Africa. The results of the study revealed that access to land, mechanisation and finance are critical factors influencing the business success of black smallholder farmers in South Africa. A significant majority of farmers agreed that access to land influenced their business success, while many also identified the lack of affordable mechanisation services as a major challenge. The study found that majority of the farmers reported the lack of local mechanisation service providers and most acknowledged that the absence of mechanisation services is a key constraint. Additionally, most farmers expressed the need for more technologically advanced mechanisation in the near future. Despite these challenges, the majority of farmers foresee the need for more land in the next five years to support their growing farming operations. The study highlighted the importance of improving infrastructure, with majority of respondents agreeing that the infrastructure available to smallholder farmers is often dilapidated,which negatively impacts farm productivity. These findings highlight the critical role of land access, mechanisation and infrastructure in the success and sustainability of smallholder farming in South Africa. It was recommended that updating agricultural training curricula, promoting knowledge sharing, and improving access to markets and affordable inputs through cooperatives. Financial institutions should create farmer-friendly products, and farmers can work together to purchase mechanisation equipment and share resources. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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- Date Issued: 2025-04