Investigation of risky sexual behaviour amongst HIV/AIDS positive individuals on antiretroviral treatment in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth Sexual behaviour
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23578 , vital:58190
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth Sexual behaviour
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23578 , vital:58190
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Investigation of risky sexual behaviour amongst HIV/AIDS positive individuals on antiretroviral treatment in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons , Sexually transmitted diseases , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27198 , vital:66395
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons , Sexually transmitted diseases , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27198 , vital:66395
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the treatment options for dental caries among the adult patients for dental caries in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Veleekizhakethil, Legy
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Dental caries , Periodontics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22968 , vital:53257
- Description: Dentistry offers several caries-preventive measures, some of which emphasise not only patient’s responsibility to manage their disease, but also how dental professionals should manage it. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adult patients towards treatment options relating to dental caries in the geographical context of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, situated in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Purpose Firstly, this quantitative study set out to assess the existing oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among an adult population visiting dental health facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Secondly, it aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases and tooth associated diseases in this specific setting. Furthermore, the study sought to provide baseline data in order to organise a successful dental prevention programme. The data obtained will determine the layout of policies to be put forward to the Department of Health. Methodology The researcher took a quantitative approach and conducted descriptive surveys from November 2019 to March 2020. A close-ended, structured questionnaire for data collection was designed based on the aspects of knowledge, attitudes, practices and behaviour pertaining to the area of dental caries. A clinical examination of dental status was performed using dental probes, dental mirrors and tooth air-drying. All decay, and missing, filled or restored teeth due to dental caries, along with the presence of calculus, gingival, and periodontal lesions were recorded. Results Participants had an average knowledge score of 80percent with a 95percent confidence interval of (76percent; 84percent). The majority knew the importance of cleaning their teeth (88.9percent), were aware of the effects of sugary diets (80.7percent), avoided sugary foods (64.6percent), and lastly were aware of the causes of dental caries (71.3percent). However it is concerning that most had never visited a dentist, as reflected by 69.1percent of participants agreeing or strongly agreeing. At least 70percent of those who responded were satisfied with their dentists in that they ( the dentists) freely share ideas and opinions and provide advice on options for dental care. The study revealed a high prevalence of dental caries with a ratio of 6.23. Conclusions The majority of the participants affirmed the importance of visiting the dentist for a routine dental examination. In addition, the majority are aware that sugary diets are associated with dental caries. However, there is a high prevalence of dental caries among participants in this setting. Therefore, dentists should provide preventive measures, along with professional restorative and plaque removal, to curb the burden of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The type and extent of preventive measures must be adjusted according to the patient’s individual needs. Dental health professionals must collaborate with other health-care providers to promote preventive dental health. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
- Authors: Veleekizhakethil, Legy
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Dental caries , Periodontics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22968 , vital:53257
- Description: Dentistry offers several caries-preventive measures, some of which emphasise not only patient’s responsibility to manage their disease, but also how dental professionals should manage it. Consequently, this study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adult patients towards treatment options relating to dental caries in the geographical context of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, situated in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Purpose Firstly, this quantitative study set out to assess the existing oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among an adult population visiting dental health facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Secondly, it aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases and tooth associated diseases in this specific setting. Furthermore, the study sought to provide baseline data in order to organise a successful dental prevention programme. The data obtained will determine the layout of policies to be put forward to the Department of Health. Methodology The researcher took a quantitative approach and conducted descriptive surveys from November 2019 to March 2020. A close-ended, structured questionnaire for data collection was designed based on the aspects of knowledge, attitudes, practices and behaviour pertaining to the area of dental caries. A clinical examination of dental status was performed using dental probes, dental mirrors and tooth air-drying. All decay, and missing, filled or restored teeth due to dental caries, along with the presence of calculus, gingival, and periodontal lesions were recorded. Results Participants had an average knowledge score of 80percent with a 95percent confidence interval of (76percent; 84percent). The majority knew the importance of cleaning their teeth (88.9percent), were aware of the effects of sugary diets (80.7percent), avoided sugary foods (64.6percent), and lastly were aware of the causes of dental caries (71.3percent). However it is concerning that most had never visited a dentist, as reflected by 69.1percent of participants agreeing or strongly agreeing. At least 70percent of those who responded were satisfied with their dentists in that they ( the dentists) freely share ideas and opinions and provide advice on options for dental care. The study revealed a high prevalence of dental caries with a ratio of 6.23. Conclusions The majority of the participants affirmed the importance of visiting the dentist for a routine dental examination. In addition, the majority are aware that sugary diets are associated with dental caries. However, there is a high prevalence of dental caries among participants in this setting. Therefore, dentists should provide preventive measures, along with professional restorative and plaque removal, to curb the burden of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The type and extent of preventive measures must be adjusted according to the patient’s individual needs. Dental health professionals must collaborate with other health-care providers to promote preventive dental health. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
Retrospective analysis of factors contributing to parasuicide among youth in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Nganto, Yanga
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Parasuicide -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22897 , vital:53181
- Description: Parasuicide is a problem that affects the youth locally and globally. Parasuicide has negative psychological impacts on youth. This study was designed to assess elements of parasuicide in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality of South Africa, using records of patients admitted to Frere and Cecilia Makiwane hospitals between 2016 and 2020. The purpose of the study was to conduct a descriptive retrospective review of parasuicide among youth to determine trends, causes, and contributing factors of committing parasuicide. Methods A retrospective, quantitative and descriptive study was conducted with 200 files of patients aged between 18 and 35 years conveniently sampled. These patients diagnosed as committed parasuicide and were admitted at Frere and Cecilia Makiwane hospitals over a period of four years from 1 April 2016 to 31 March 202. Only record files of patients’ residing in East London and Mdantsane catchment area were selected. Raw data was collected for a period of twelve weeks using a developed data collection tool developed in Ms Excel spreadsheet. Results In this sample, the large number of the patients were under 26 years (60.5%), female (57%), single (92.5%), and Black (99.5%). Furthermore, majority of the patients had attained secondary education (89.5%), were unemployed (83%) and living with their families (59%). There were different methods and agents used by participants to commit parasuicide and reasons differed from person to person. Among patients who reported a suicide attempt, organophosphates were most commonly used agent for self-poisoning (47%, n=94), followed by substances such as use of drugs and alcohol (n=57, 28.5%), violence (n=27, 13.5%), corrosive agents including bleach and Jik (n=11, 5.5%), and hydrogen peroxide including acidic sub-stances like battery acid (n=11, 5.5%). The common reason found in the study and indicates participants had psychiatric disorder (34.5%). Conclusion Limiting access to organophosphate agents and other lethal means is an effective strategy that should be adopted to prevent parasuicide among youth. Timely identification of risks or warning signs, social prevention and immediate intervention at the state level will play an important role in controlling parasuicide among youth. Moreover, improving health care services with psychotherapy support would empower youth with skills that would enhance their self-confidence, self-worth and resilience. Consequently, attainment of these attributes would result in the prevention and control of parasuicide amongst youth. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
- Authors: Nganto, Yanga
- Date: 2021-11
- Subjects: Parasuicide -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22897 , vital:53181
- Description: Parasuicide is a problem that affects the youth locally and globally. Parasuicide has negative psychological impacts on youth. This study was designed to assess elements of parasuicide in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality of South Africa, using records of patients admitted to Frere and Cecilia Makiwane hospitals between 2016 and 2020. The purpose of the study was to conduct a descriptive retrospective review of parasuicide among youth to determine trends, causes, and contributing factors of committing parasuicide. Methods A retrospective, quantitative and descriptive study was conducted with 200 files of patients aged between 18 and 35 years conveniently sampled. These patients diagnosed as committed parasuicide and were admitted at Frere and Cecilia Makiwane hospitals over a period of four years from 1 April 2016 to 31 March 202. Only record files of patients’ residing in East London and Mdantsane catchment area were selected. Raw data was collected for a period of twelve weeks using a developed data collection tool developed in Ms Excel spreadsheet. Results In this sample, the large number of the patients were under 26 years (60.5%), female (57%), single (92.5%), and Black (99.5%). Furthermore, majority of the patients had attained secondary education (89.5%), were unemployed (83%) and living with their families (59%). There were different methods and agents used by participants to commit parasuicide and reasons differed from person to person. Among patients who reported a suicide attempt, organophosphates were most commonly used agent for self-poisoning (47%, n=94), followed by substances such as use of drugs and alcohol (n=57, 28.5%), violence (n=27, 13.5%), corrosive agents including bleach and Jik (n=11, 5.5%), and hydrogen peroxide including acidic sub-stances like battery acid (n=11, 5.5%). The common reason found in the study and indicates participants had psychiatric disorder (34.5%). Conclusion Limiting access to organophosphate agents and other lethal means is an effective strategy that should be adopted to prevent parasuicide among youth. Timely identification of risks or warning signs, social prevention and immediate intervention at the state level will play an important role in controlling parasuicide among youth. Moreover, improving health care services with psychotherapy support would empower youth with skills that would enhance their self-confidence, self-worth and resilience. Consequently, attainment of these attributes would result in the prevention and control of parasuicide amongst youth. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-11
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