Dietary preference and perceptions of the health implications: A qualitative study on perspectives from outpatients and health care providers at Nontyatyambo Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Chocko, Ronnie J A V
- Date: 2022-08
- Subjects: Diet , Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26764 , vital:65990
- Description: Introduction and background. Poor dietary choices are resulting in an increase of mortality and morbidity rates globally. Epidemiological studies reveal that diets high in animal-sourced foods (ASF) lead to an increased risk of developing cardio-metabolic diseases (CMD). On the other hand, plant-based foods (PBF) have been shown to reduce this risk. Making well informed dietary choices plays an important role in reducing the burden of these diseases. To this end, this study further explores the role that diet plays in maintaining good health by exploring current dietary preferences, perceptions of the health implications of these dietary choices and perceptions of the benefits of PBFs vs ASFs of people in a local South African context. Methodology. This qualitative study was conducted at Nontyatyambo Community Health Centre, Mdantansane, Buffalo City Metropolitan district in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A sample of 42 participants was enrolled for the study. A question/interview guide was used to collect data through key-in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Two audio recorders were used to record the verbal responses of participants. The recorded interviews were transcribed and translated to English. The transcribed data was systematically and thematically analyzed. Results. It was found that all participants in this study were following an omnivorous dietary pattern. A number of participants expressed that they did not like vegetables. In this study, most participants felt that PBFs were healthier than ASFs. Even though they felt PBFs were healthier, none followed exclusively plant-based diet. Conclusion. Transforming dietary patterns to contain more plant-based foods may be a critical factor in reversing harmful effects on public health and the environment. This calls for urgent public health intervention to improve nutritional uptake as a strategy to reduce potential CMD. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-08
- Authors: Chocko, Ronnie J A V
- Date: 2022-08
- Subjects: Diet , Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26764 , vital:65990
- Description: Introduction and background. Poor dietary choices are resulting in an increase of mortality and morbidity rates globally. Epidemiological studies reveal that diets high in animal-sourced foods (ASF) lead to an increased risk of developing cardio-metabolic diseases (CMD). On the other hand, plant-based foods (PBF) have been shown to reduce this risk. Making well informed dietary choices plays an important role in reducing the burden of these diseases. To this end, this study further explores the role that diet plays in maintaining good health by exploring current dietary preferences, perceptions of the health implications of these dietary choices and perceptions of the benefits of PBFs vs ASFs of people in a local South African context. Methodology. This qualitative study was conducted at Nontyatyambo Community Health Centre, Mdantansane, Buffalo City Metropolitan district in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A sample of 42 participants was enrolled for the study. A question/interview guide was used to collect data through key-in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Two audio recorders were used to record the verbal responses of participants. The recorded interviews were transcribed and translated to English. The transcribed data was systematically and thematically analyzed. Results. It was found that all participants in this study were following an omnivorous dietary pattern. A number of participants expressed that they did not like vegetables. In this study, most participants felt that PBFs were healthier than ASFs. Even though they felt PBFs were healthier, none followed exclusively plant-based diet. Conclusion. Transforming dietary patterns to contain more plant-based foods may be a critical factor in reversing harmful effects on public health and the environment. This calls for urgent public health intervention to improve nutritional uptake as a strategy to reduce potential CMD. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-08
Catatonia a manifestation of serious mental Illness: prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes in a mental health unit
- Authors: Zingela, Zukiswa
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Mental Health , Catatonia , Psychomotor disorders
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60400 , vital:64706
- Description: Catatonia is a psychomotor abnormality that may be caused by severe physical or mental illness or by substances. It has a wide-ranging prevalence from less than 10% to just over 60%, worldwide. This thesis investigated multiple aspects of catatonia in an acute mental health unit setting. Critical aspects examined include the psychological experience of catatonia and assessment, prevalence, presentation, management, and treatment outcomes of catatonia. The research design was a prospective descriptive triangulation study that used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The theoretical framework applied in this thesis was a positivist paradigm approach to explore the quantitative data collected, with application of deductive reasoning, supported by statistical analysis to detect correlations between catatonia and demographic and clinical data. The research explored the experience of a person with catatonia from the beginning to the end of the catatonic episode, inclusive of neglected areas such as the patient’s psychological and experiences. Sources of information included participant reports, clinical notes, and assessments conducted using screening tools for catatonia. Key knowledge gaps on catatonia were identified as target areas for this thesis. These are the prevalence of catatonia in a South African setting; the use of assessment tools like the Bush Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI), the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition; DSM-5) in this setting; interventions for catatonia; treatment outcomes; and the subjective experiences of catatonia, as described by patients. To date, there have been five publications produced from this thesis. The first paper was on the protocol for the research and was published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) Open and presented the literature review, research design, and methodology for the planned Abstract ii research on catatonia (which has ultimately been presented in this current thesis). This paper also identified the aforementioned critical knowledge gaps. The second paper was published in the Biomedicine Central (BMC) International Journal of Mental Health Systems. This paper described a 6-month prevalence rate of catatonia of 11.9%, and concluded that the BFCSI and BFCRS had the highest inter-rater reliability (IRR) and pick-up rate when screening for catatonia, while the DMS-5 had low IRR, and the lowest correlation with the BFCSI and BFCRS. The 12-month prevalence rate was found to be 18.3% and was described in the third paper which was published in the PLOS One Psychiatry. Both lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were found to be the most widely used treatment at the study site, with good response rates and outcomes. The results were published in the 4th paper in SAGE Open. The fifth paper was on the subjective and psychological experience and published in the BMC Psychology journal. It described the psychological and subjective experience of catatonia as narrated by participants which is characterised by intense experiences of fear, anxiety, and sadness that manifested as extreme withdrawal, combined with obedience or submission. This research has yielded new knowledge with potential applications at a regional, national, and global level. New knowledge yielded includes the need for screening of patients for catatonia across all acute settings, the need for training of both medical and nursing personnel in the assessment of catatonia, the effectiveness of screening and assessment tools, effective interventions for catatonia and outcomes. The descriptions of catatonia at an emotional, cognitive, and behavioural level also highlight the need to develop psychological strategies and targeted psychological interventions to complement the current management strategies. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Zingela, Zukiswa
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Mental Health , Catatonia , Psychomotor disorders
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60400 , vital:64706
- Description: Catatonia is a psychomotor abnormality that may be caused by severe physical or mental illness or by substances. It has a wide-ranging prevalence from less than 10% to just over 60%, worldwide. This thesis investigated multiple aspects of catatonia in an acute mental health unit setting. Critical aspects examined include the psychological experience of catatonia and assessment, prevalence, presentation, management, and treatment outcomes of catatonia. The research design was a prospective descriptive triangulation study that used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The theoretical framework applied in this thesis was a positivist paradigm approach to explore the quantitative data collected, with application of deductive reasoning, supported by statistical analysis to detect correlations between catatonia and demographic and clinical data. The research explored the experience of a person with catatonia from the beginning to the end of the catatonic episode, inclusive of neglected areas such as the patient’s psychological and experiences. Sources of information included participant reports, clinical notes, and assessments conducted using screening tools for catatonia. Key knowledge gaps on catatonia were identified as target areas for this thesis. These are the prevalence of catatonia in a South African setting; the use of assessment tools like the Bush Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI), the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition; DSM-5) in this setting; interventions for catatonia; treatment outcomes; and the subjective experiences of catatonia, as described by patients. To date, there have been five publications produced from this thesis. The first paper was on the protocol for the research and was published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) Open and presented the literature review, research design, and methodology for the planned Abstract ii research on catatonia (which has ultimately been presented in this current thesis). This paper also identified the aforementioned critical knowledge gaps. The second paper was published in the Biomedicine Central (BMC) International Journal of Mental Health Systems. This paper described a 6-month prevalence rate of catatonia of 11.9%, and concluded that the BFCSI and BFCRS had the highest inter-rater reliability (IRR) and pick-up rate when screening for catatonia, while the DMS-5 had low IRR, and the lowest correlation with the BFCSI and BFCRS. The 12-month prevalence rate was found to be 18.3% and was described in the third paper which was published in the PLOS One Psychiatry. Both lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were found to be the most widely used treatment at the study site, with good response rates and outcomes. The results were published in the 4th paper in SAGE Open. The fifth paper was on the subjective and psychological experience and published in the BMC Psychology journal. It described the psychological and subjective experience of catatonia as narrated by participants which is characterised by intense experiences of fear, anxiety, and sadness that manifested as extreme withdrawal, combined with obedience or submission. This research has yielded new knowledge with potential applications at a regional, national, and global level. New knowledge yielded includes the need for screening of patients for catatonia across all acute settings, the need for training of both medical and nursing personnel in the assessment of catatonia, the effectiveness of screening and assessment tools, effective interventions for catatonia and outcomes. The descriptions of catatonia at an emotional, cognitive, and behavioural level also highlight the need to develop psychological strategies and targeted psychological interventions to complement the current management strategies. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Colistin utilisation and clinical outcomes at a public hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence
- Authors: Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Gram-negative bacteria , Hospital patients
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26929 , vital:66172
- Description: Background Colistin is an antibiotic used as the last resort in the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Its use started in the 1950s but was decreased in the 1980s owing to its nephrotoxic side effects. The re-emergence of Colistin utilisation in 2012 in South Africa followed the emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. There is a dearth of information on the rationale use of Colistin in South Africa. Aim To describe the use of Colistin and its clinical outcomes at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein between 2015 and 2019. Relevant data was extracted from the medical records of patients treated with Colistin. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting 50percent of the eligible medical records of patients treated with Colistin per stratum. Data was analysed using simple descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Of the total sample (N=69), the majority were neonates (43.5percent), while children constituted the lowest number of patients (18.8percent). The highest contributor to the top diagnosis, septicaemia, were neonates (44.2percent). Adherence to policy and Colistin treatment guidelines was suboptimal, more so in neonates (45.3percent) than in adults (73.7percent) and children (72.3percent). Colistin was used as a last resort in 68.1percent of the participants. Cure was achieved in 26.9percent, 46.2percent and 80percent of adults, children and neonates, respectively. The highest rate of nephrotoxicity was seen in adults (57.7percent). In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis, both adults [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=25.54, 95percent confidence interval (CI) 2.73-238.65] and children (AOR=8.56, 95percentCI 1.06 – 69.10) had a higher risk of death than neonates. However, there was no significant difference in the odds for mortality by gender, co-morbidities, illness duration prior to admission and adherence to treatmen Conclusions This study found a suboptimal level of compliance with policy and recommended guidelines on the use of Colistin in a South African public sector tertiary hospital. In addition, there were variations in the level of compliance by age categories, with lower levels of compliance in neonates than in children and adults. The odds for mortality by gender, co-morbidities, illness duration prior to admission and adherence to treatment guidelines and policies were found to be insignificant, and age was the only predictor of mortality found in the study. The findings of the study highlight the need for improved clinical governance on antibiotic stewardship and monitoring of use of Colistin across all categories of patients in the hospital. Future studies should examine the contributing factors for suboptimal compliance, with evidence-based recommendations on the use of Colistin in the study setting as well as factors contributing to high mortality in adults. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Gram-negative bacteria , Hospital patients
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26929 , vital:66172
- Description: Background Colistin is an antibiotic used as the last resort in the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Its use started in the 1950s but was decreased in the 1980s owing to its nephrotoxic side effects. The re-emergence of Colistin utilisation in 2012 in South Africa followed the emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. There is a dearth of information on the rationale use of Colistin in South Africa. Aim To describe the use of Colistin and its clinical outcomes at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Bloemfontein between 2015 and 2019. Relevant data was extracted from the medical records of patients treated with Colistin. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting 50percent of the eligible medical records of patients treated with Colistin per stratum. Data was analysed using simple descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Of the total sample (N=69), the majority were neonates (43.5percent), while children constituted the lowest number of patients (18.8percent). The highest contributor to the top diagnosis, septicaemia, were neonates (44.2percent). Adherence to policy and Colistin treatment guidelines was suboptimal, more so in neonates (45.3percent) than in adults (73.7percent) and children (72.3percent). Colistin was used as a last resort in 68.1percent of the participants. Cure was achieved in 26.9percent, 46.2percent and 80percent of adults, children and neonates, respectively. The highest rate of nephrotoxicity was seen in adults (57.7percent). In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis, both adults [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=25.54, 95percent confidence interval (CI) 2.73-238.65] and children (AOR=8.56, 95percentCI 1.06 – 69.10) had a higher risk of death than neonates. However, there was no significant difference in the odds for mortality by gender, co-morbidities, illness duration prior to admission and adherence to treatmen Conclusions This study found a suboptimal level of compliance with policy and recommended guidelines on the use of Colistin in a South African public sector tertiary hospital. In addition, there were variations in the level of compliance by age categories, with lower levels of compliance in neonates than in children and adults. The odds for mortality by gender, co-morbidities, illness duration prior to admission and adherence to treatment guidelines and policies were found to be insignificant, and age was the only predictor of mortality found in the study. The findings of the study highlight the need for improved clinical governance on antibiotic stewardship and monitoring of use of Colistin across all categories of patients in the hospital. Future studies should examine the contributing factors for suboptimal compliance, with evidence-based recommendations on the use of Colistin in the study setting as well as factors contributing to high mortality in adults. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Infant feeding knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in private health facilities in Alice town, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Oyeniran, Aderonke Adepeju
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23556 , vital:58132
- Description: Background and aim of the study: Within the global field of health education, it is generally accepted that the topic of breast-feeding is a crucial discussion due to its maternal, infant, and communal benefits. However, certain African countries, such as South Africa, experience certain challenges related to both predictive factors and maternal attitudes to breast-feeding. To improve public awareness and promote the implementation of breast-feeding, these factors should be investigated to highlight the importance of this practice among young mothers. Method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed by the carefully chosen participants. The collected data were then analysed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). The level of significance for the inferential statistics was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 377 infant mothers participated in the study with median age of 30. Most infant mothers that participated in the study were well educated with infant mother 189 having a bachelor’s degree. The findings revealed that mothers of 40 years above are 1.51 times more likely not to breastfeed exclusively compared to mothers of less than 40 years of age (95percent CI, 0.75-2.25). The odds ratio of the incidence of decision in breastfeeding for participants with breastfeeding and formula milk was 1.66 (95percent CI, 0.87-2.53). In term of family support, mothers who don’t receive family support were 3.43 times more likely no to breastfeed. The result also revealed that mothers with breast pain were 0.98 more likely not to breastfeed. Conclusion: This study concludes that infant mothers are well informed about breastfeeding. This study also revealed that factors such as infant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding, medical health of both mother and infant and cultural norms can go a long way in influencing the decision of mothers to breastfeeding their infant or not. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Oyeniran, Aderonke Adepeju
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23556 , vital:58132
- Description: Background and aim of the study: Within the global field of health education, it is generally accepted that the topic of breast-feeding is a crucial discussion due to its maternal, infant, and communal benefits. However, certain African countries, such as South Africa, experience certain challenges related to both predictive factors and maternal attitudes to breast-feeding. To improve public awareness and promote the implementation of breast-feeding, these factors should be investigated to highlight the importance of this practice among young mothers. Method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed by the carefully chosen participants. The collected data were then analysed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). The level of significance for the inferential statistics was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 377 infant mothers participated in the study with median age of 30. Most infant mothers that participated in the study were well educated with infant mother 189 having a bachelor’s degree. The findings revealed that mothers of 40 years above are 1.51 times more likely not to breastfeed exclusively compared to mothers of less than 40 years of age (95percent CI, 0.75-2.25). The odds ratio of the incidence of decision in breastfeeding for participants with breastfeeding and formula milk was 1.66 (95percent CI, 0.87-2.53). In term of family support, mothers who don’t receive family support were 3.43 times more likely no to breastfeed. The result also revealed that mothers with breast pain were 0.98 more likely not to breastfeed. Conclusion: This study concludes that infant mothers are well informed about breastfeeding. This study also revealed that factors such as infant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding, medical health of both mother and infant and cultural norms can go a long way in influencing the decision of mothers to breastfeeding their infant or not. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Infant feeding knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in private health facilities in Alice Town, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Oyeniran, Aderonke Adepeju
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Infants -- Nutrition , Baby foods , Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27139 , vital:66315
- Description: Background and aim of the study: Within the global field of health education, it is generally accepted that the topic of breast-feeding is a crucial discussion due to its maternal, infant, and communal benefits. However, certain African countries, such as South Africa, experience certain challenges related to both predictive factors and maternal attitudes to breast-feeding. To improve public awareness and promote the implementation of breast-feeding, these factors should be investigated to highlight the importance of this practice among young mothers. Method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed by the carefully chosen participants. The collected data were then analysed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). The level of significance for the inferential statistics was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 377 infant mothers participated in the study with median age of 30. Most infant mothers that participated in the study were well educated with infant mother 189 having a bachelor’s degree. The findings revealed that mothers of 40 years above are 1.51 times more likely not to breastfeed exclusively compared to mothers of less than 40 years of age (95percent CI, 0.75-2.25). The odds ratio of the incidence of decision in breastfeeding for participants with breastfeeding and formula milk was 1.66 (95percent CI, 0.87-2.53). In term of family support, mothers who don’t receive family support were 3.43 times more likely no to breastfeed. The result also revealed that mothers with breast pain were 0.98 more likely not to breastfeed. Conclusion: This study concludes that infant mothers are well informed about breastfeeding. This study also revealed that factors such as infant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding, medical health of both mother and infant and cultural norms can go a long way in influencing the decision of mothers to breastfeeding their infant or not. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Oyeniran, Aderonke Adepeju
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Infants -- Nutrition , Baby foods , Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27139 , vital:66315
- Description: Background and aim of the study: Within the global field of health education, it is generally accepted that the topic of breast-feeding is a crucial discussion due to its maternal, infant, and communal benefits. However, certain African countries, such as South Africa, experience certain challenges related to both predictive factors and maternal attitudes to breast-feeding. To improve public awareness and promote the implementation of breast-feeding, these factors should be investigated to highlight the importance of this practice among young mothers. Method: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed by the carefully chosen participants. The collected data were then analysed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). The level of significance for the inferential statistics was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 377 infant mothers participated in the study with median age of 30. Most infant mothers that participated in the study were well educated with infant mother 189 having a bachelor’s degree. The findings revealed that mothers of 40 years above are 1.51 times more likely not to breastfeed exclusively compared to mothers of less than 40 years of age (95percent CI, 0.75-2.25). The odds ratio of the incidence of decision in breastfeeding for participants with breastfeeding and formula milk was 1.66 (95percent CI, 0.87-2.53). In term of family support, mothers who don’t receive family support were 3.43 times more likely no to breastfeed. The result also revealed that mothers with breast pain were 0.98 more likely not to breastfeed. Conclusion: This study concludes that infant mothers are well informed about breastfeeding. This study also revealed that factors such as infant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding, medical health of both mother and infant and cultural norms can go a long way in influencing the decision of mothers to breastfeeding their infant or not. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Investigation of risky sexual behaviour amongst HIV/AIDS positive individuals on antiretroviral treatment in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth Sexual behaviour
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23578 , vital:58190
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth Sexual behaviour
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23578 , vital:58190
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Investigation of risky sexual behaviour amongst HIV/AIDS positive individuals on antiretroviral treatment in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons , Sexually transmitted diseases , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27198 , vital:66395
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Pere, Mzukisi Ernest
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons , Sexually transmitted diseases , AIDS (Disease) -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27198 , vital:66395
- Description: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the major public health concerns. Antiretroviral treatments (ART) is available immediately for HIV-positive individuals but sexually transmitted infections are on the rise. The majority of HIV positive patients on ART are engaging in unsafe sexual practices. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behaviour of people on antiretroviral treatment regarding prevention. The study was conducted on adult clients in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted whereby 304 patients who visited Nontyatyambo Health Centre were randomly selected. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24. Simple descriptive statistics such as numbers, percentages and tables were used to characterise variables. A chi-square test was used to explore associations between dependent and independent variables. Test significance, confidence intervals and p-values of all the causes and contributory factors were set at 0.05. Results: Thirty two percent reported having sex with multiple sexual partners while 19percent reported never using a condom. Forty eight percent reported having had sexually transmitted infections since starting on ART. The median age (36 years (IQR: 31, 45) vs. 35 years (IQR: 26, 40)) of those who reported STIs was higher than the median age of those who did not report STI (p=0.012). Males (57percent, p=0.049), those who were employed (55percent, p=0.048), and those who were cohabitating (68percent, 0.030) were more likely to report STI. Similarly, those who had unprotected sex with a casual partner (62percent, p<0.001), and those who did not use a condom because a partner did not like it (71percent, p=0.001) were more likely to report STIs. A significant number of 32percent of the participants reported engaging in risky sexual practices while 48percent had reported an STI. Recommendations include educational outreach programmes and capacitation of health care workers with appropriate skills and tools. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
Knowledge, attitude and perception of uninitiated adolescents towards customary male initiation practices in selected schools in Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Igaba, Nelson Kibiribiri
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Circumcision , HIV infections -- Prevention , Initiation rites
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26896 , vital:66061
- Description: Background: Based on evidence that Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) significantly reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus- HIV transmission by 60percent, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends implementing VMMC programs in countries with a high HIV prevalence, considering the unique sociocultural and economic dynamics of each setting. However, in South Africa (SA), multiple tribes including the AmaXhosa in the Eastern Cape (EC) province practice Customary Male Initiation (CMI) also known as Ulwaluko as a rite of passage of males from boyhood to manhood, and this involves circumcision. In recent years, this practice has been riddled with deaths of initiates, admissions to hospital, amputation of penis, assaults, drug and alcohol, and crime. Hence, this study aimed at understanding the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of uninitiated adolescents towards the CMI practice in Buffalo City Municipality (BCM), EC to aid in developing strategies to solve current challenges. Methods: Between June and December 2021, this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in selected schools within BCM, in the EC, using a quantitative research approach. The study population included adolescent males aged 15 to 19 years who had not attended CMI. Applying a multistage random sampling technique, three (3)BCM towns (Bhisho, King William Town-KWT and East London-EL) and the Mdantsane township (MT) were selected and further the schools from which consenting pupils were enrolled into the study. Data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire which was captured on excel and analysed using STATA version 16.1. Categorical variables were summarized using percentages. Bivariate and multivariate regression was used to determine factors associated with a level of knowledge, attitude, and perception towards CMI and VMMC. The odds ratio with a 95percent confidence interval was calculated. A p–value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 297 participants that responded 251 (84.51percent) were between the ages of 15-19 years and had not undergone circumcision or CMI. These were included in this analysis. Majority of participants 181 (72.11percent, 95percent CI 66.21-77.33) lacked knowledge on whether circumcision reduces risk of HIV acquisition. More than three quarters of participants 195 (77.69percent, 95percent CI 72.09-83.87) showed absence of knowledge on whether circumcision reduces risk of STIs. Close to all participants 244 (97.21percent, 95percent CI 94.25-98.67) indicated that they would choose CMI over VMMC due to cultural reason. More than three quarters of participants 193 (76.89percent, 95percent CI 71.24-81.72) agreed that CMI/Ulwaluko proves manhood. The presence of knowledge on the benefits of VMMC was positively dependent on the location where a participants lived (uOR 2.32, 95percent CI 1.09-4.97, p-value 0.029) and access to internet more than once a week (uOR 3.44, 95percent CI 1.14-10.43, p-value 0.029. The choice for CMI over VMMC was positively associated with participants living in Mdantsane Township than those living in urban areas (Coef. 1.55, 95percent CI 0.77-2.33, p-value 0.001). Conclusion: This study found lack of knowledge on benefits of VMMC, laws governing and on risks associated with CMI/Ulwaluko practices among uninitiated adolescents. The study further found that CMI/Ulwaluko was still highly regarded despite current challenges and most adolescents would choose CMI/Ulwaluko over VMMC. There is urgent need to integrate VMMC services into CMI/Ulwaluko to include health education on benefits of VMMC, infection prevention and control, male circumcision by trained medical personnel and education on laws governing CMI/Ulwaluko. These interventions should also target uninitiated adolescents. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Igaba, Nelson Kibiribiri
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Circumcision , HIV infections -- Prevention , Initiation rites
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26896 , vital:66061
- Description: Background: Based on evidence that Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) significantly reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus- HIV transmission by 60percent, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends implementing VMMC programs in countries with a high HIV prevalence, considering the unique sociocultural and economic dynamics of each setting. However, in South Africa (SA), multiple tribes including the AmaXhosa in the Eastern Cape (EC) province practice Customary Male Initiation (CMI) also known as Ulwaluko as a rite of passage of males from boyhood to manhood, and this involves circumcision. In recent years, this practice has been riddled with deaths of initiates, admissions to hospital, amputation of penis, assaults, drug and alcohol, and crime. Hence, this study aimed at understanding the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of uninitiated adolescents towards the CMI practice in Buffalo City Municipality (BCM), EC to aid in developing strategies to solve current challenges. Methods: Between June and December 2021, this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in selected schools within BCM, in the EC, using a quantitative research approach. The study population included adolescent males aged 15 to 19 years who had not attended CMI. Applying a multistage random sampling technique, three (3)BCM towns (Bhisho, King William Town-KWT and East London-EL) and the Mdantsane township (MT) were selected and further the schools from which consenting pupils were enrolled into the study. Data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire which was captured on excel and analysed using STATA version 16.1. Categorical variables were summarized using percentages. Bivariate and multivariate regression was used to determine factors associated with a level of knowledge, attitude, and perception towards CMI and VMMC. The odds ratio with a 95percent confidence interval was calculated. A p–value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 297 participants that responded 251 (84.51percent) were between the ages of 15-19 years and had not undergone circumcision or CMI. These were included in this analysis. Majority of participants 181 (72.11percent, 95percent CI 66.21-77.33) lacked knowledge on whether circumcision reduces risk of HIV acquisition. More than three quarters of participants 195 (77.69percent, 95percent CI 72.09-83.87) showed absence of knowledge on whether circumcision reduces risk of STIs. Close to all participants 244 (97.21percent, 95percent CI 94.25-98.67) indicated that they would choose CMI over VMMC due to cultural reason. More than three quarters of participants 193 (76.89percent, 95percent CI 71.24-81.72) agreed that CMI/Ulwaluko proves manhood. The presence of knowledge on the benefits of VMMC was positively dependent on the location where a participants lived (uOR 2.32, 95percent CI 1.09-4.97, p-value 0.029) and access to internet more than once a week (uOR 3.44, 95percent CI 1.14-10.43, p-value 0.029. The choice for CMI over VMMC was positively associated with participants living in Mdantsane Township than those living in urban areas (Coef. 1.55, 95percent CI 0.77-2.33, p-value 0.001). Conclusion: This study found lack of knowledge on benefits of VMMC, laws governing and on risks associated with CMI/Ulwaluko practices among uninitiated adolescents. The study further found that CMI/Ulwaluko was still highly regarded despite current challenges and most adolescents would choose CMI/Ulwaluko over VMMC. There is urgent need to integrate VMMC services into CMI/Ulwaluko to include health education on benefits of VMMC, infection prevention and control, male circumcision by trained medical personnel and education on laws governing CMI/Ulwaluko. These interventions should also target uninitiated adolescents. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
A survey of food safety practices and microbial risk related to ready-to-eat chicken food outlets from a university campus in South Africa
- Authors: Michau, Willem P
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Microbial exopolysaccharides -- South Africa , Food -- Safety measures
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58925 , vital:60248
- Description: A survey of food safety practices and microbial risk related to ready-to-eat chicken in food outlets from a university campus in South Africa was investigated. The objective of the study was to determine the food safety practices and hygiene knowledge of food handlers in food outlets at a South African university campus. Six food outlets out of the thirteen university food outlets that were similar in type were selected for the study. These six food outlets were selected based on establish criteria but did not comply with HACCP principles. To assess the possible contamination risk related to hygiene practices and processing of ready-to-eat chicken, Total Viable Count, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus counts were determined using standard methods. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the educational levels of each of the 27 participating food handlers; as well as the determination of the food handlers’ personal and general hygiene. Microbial levels of each food handler hand, aprons, as well as the microbial contamination levels of direct food contact surfaces, and ready-to-eat chicken at each facility were evaluated using standard methods. Several risky non-conforming personal and general hygiene practices were detected during the study. Appropriate corrective actions such as an intensive food hygiene training programme accompanied by a food management system should be implemented in all food facilities. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Michau, Willem P
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Microbial exopolysaccharides -- South Africa , Food -- Safety measures
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58925 , vital:60248
- Description: A survey of food safety practices and microbial risk related to ready-to-eat chicken in food outlets from a university campus in South Africa was investigated. The objective of the study was to determine the food safety practices and hygiene knowledge of food handlers in food outlets at a South African university campus. Six food outlets out of the thirteen university food outlets that were similar in type were selected for the study. These six food outlets were selected based on establish criteria but did not comply with HACCP principles. To assess the possible contamination risk related to hygiene practices and processing of ready-to-eat chicken, Total Viable Count, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus counts were determined using standard methods. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the educational levels of each of the 27 participating food handlers; as well as the determination of the food handlers’ personal and general hygiene. Microbial levels of each food handler hand, aprons, as well as the microbial contamination levels of direct food contact surfaces, and ready-to-eat chicken at each facility were evaluated using standard methods. Several risky non-conforming personal and general hygiene practices were detected during the study. Appropriate corrective actions such as an intensive food hygiene training programme accompanied by a food management system should be implemented in all food facilities. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
An exploration of burnout among health Professions academics employed in Health sciences faculties at a south African university
- Authors: Burger, Jeanine
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Health care personnel -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58665 , vital:59979
- Description: The label of ‘stress factories’ is becoming a way to collectively refer to higher education institutions due to the changing academic landscape. Academics within health professions face key stressors related to excessive workloads, and insufficient resources resulting in burnout. Some of the most pertinent consequences of burnout include deterioration in physical and mental health, incline in absenteeism and a negative impact on the well-being and performance of students, patients, and organisations. There is a lack of research conducted on health professions academics in South Africa. The overall aim of this study was, therefore, to explore burnout among health professions academic staff who worked within the Community and Health Sciences (CHS) and Dentistry faculties (collectively referred to as Health sciences faculties) at a historically disadvantaged university. The study adopted an online survey design. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Frequency tables were used to summarise and describe the participants, while correlation analysis was used to test associative relationships. ANOVA was used to test group differences and Scheffé tests were used for posthoc analysis. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Bio-Medical Research Ethics Committee of UWC. Permission to conduct the study was given by the Registrar of UWC. Informed consent was sought from participants for their voluntary participation. Their identities were kept anonymous and responses confidential. Overall findings from the current study indicated that this sample of Health Professional Academics (HPAs) experienced moderate to high levels of burnout, as measured by the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. No demographic factors were found to correlate with the total score of burnout. Two variables were significantly related to exhaustion, namely the level of qualification and whether participants were studying at the time of completing the survey. Furthermore, nurses and participants currently studying towards a PhD reported significantly higher levels of burnout than the rest of the sample of HPAs. The impact of this study shows HPAs’ experience of moderate to high levels of burnout require interventions to decrease job demands and increase job resources. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Burger, Jeanine
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Health care personnel -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58665 , vital:59979
- Description: The label of ‘stress factories’ is becoming a way to collectively refer to higher education institutions due to the changing academic landscape. Academics within health professions face key stressors related to excessive workloads, and insufficient resources resulting in burnout. Some of the most pertinent consequences of burnout include deterioration in physical and mental health, incline in absenteeism and a negative impact on the well-being and performance of students, patients, and organisations. There is a lack of research conducted on health professions academics in South Africa. The overall aim of this study was, therefore, to explore burnout among health professions academic staff who worked within the Community and Health Sciences (CHS) and Dentistry faculties (collectively referred to as Health sciences faculties) at a historically disadvantaged university. The study adopted an online survey design. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Frequency tables were used to summarise and describe the participants, while correlation analysis was used to test associative relationships. ANOVA was used to test group differences and Scheffé tests were used for posthoc analysis. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Bio-Medical Research Ethics Committee of UWC. Permission to conduct the study was given by the Registrar of UWC. Informed consent was sought from participants for their voluntary participation. Their identities were kept anonymous and responses confidential. Overall findings from the current study indicated that this sample of Health Professional Academics (HPAs) experienced moderate to high levels of burnout, as measured by the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. No demographic factors were found to correlate with the total score of burnout. Two variables were significantly related to exhaustion, namely the level of qualification and whether participants were studying at the time of completing the survey. Furthermore, nurses and participants currently studying towards a PhD reported significantly higher levels of burnout than the rest of the sample of HPAs. The impact of this study shows HPAs’ experience of moderate to high levels of burnout require interventions to decrease job demands and increase job resources. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: prevalence and effect of past pharmacotherapy in young adults
- Authors: Coetze, Corne
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , Substance abuse
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58783 , vital:60121
- Description: Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently occurs in patients with SUD. Several studies demonstrated that ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and suggest that childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might help prevent the development of SUD. Furthermore, substance use patterns seem to differ between individuals with and without ADHD. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of ADHD in SUD in a South African treatment-seeking population, substance use patterns, and to determine the effect of past pharmacotherapy on later life’s functional impairment in adult ADHD treatment-seeking patients with a SUD. Method: Adult treatment-seeking SUD patients (n=360) were recruited from rehabilitation facilities and screened using the ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist (ASRS-v1.1). ADHD diagnosis was confirmed (n=52) by the Diagnostic-Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Adults with ADHD without SUD (n=48) were recruited from clinicians, retail pharmacies and the general public. Life-time substance use was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Tobacco use was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). ADHD-related functional impairment was assessed by the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Information on present and life-time use of ADHD medication was obtained. Clinical outcomes between those with and without a history of pharmacotherapy were compared. Results: ADHD is highly prevalent in South African adult treatment-seeking SUD patients. High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found. Individuals with SUD+ADHD were significantly associated with higher tobacco use. Data indicated increased levels of cannabis consumption among SUD+ADHD individuals, especially among SUD+ADHD females. Furthermore, we found that patients with ADHD were significantly associated with polysubstance use. Our results showed a history of childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy to be associated with less functional ADHD-related impairment across all functional domains and a decreased risk for substance use in later life. Abstract Conclusion: High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found among treatment-seeking SUD patients. ADHD patients appeared to self-medicate to cope with their symptoms. Childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might be associated with a decreased risk for substance use in adulthood and lower ADHD-related impairment. Despite study limitations, these findings underline the importance of early ADHD detection and treatment, which might prevent substance use. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Coetze, Corne
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , Substance abuse
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58783 , vital:60121
- Description: Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently occurs in patients with SUD. Several studies demonstrated that ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and suggest that childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might help prevent the development of SUD. Furthermore, substance use patterns seem to differ between individuals with and without ADHD. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of ADHD in SUD in a South African treatment-seeking population, substance use patterns, and to determine the effect of past pharmacotherapy on later life’s functional impairment in adult ADHD treatment-seeking patients with a SUD. Method: Adult treatment-seeking SUD patients (n=360) were recruited from rehabilitation facilities and screened using the ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist (ASRS-v1.1). ADHD diagnosis was confirmed (n=52) by the Diagnostic-Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Adults with ADHD without SUD (n=48) were recruited from clinicians, retail pharmacies and the general public. Life-time substance use was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Tobacco use was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). ADHD-related functional impairment was assessed by the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Information on present and life-time use of ADHD medication was obtained. Clinical outcomes between those with and without a history of pharmacotherapy were compared. Results: ADHD is highly prevalent in South African adult treatment-seeking SUD patients. High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found. Individuals with SUD+ADHD were significantly associated with higher tobacco use. Data indicated increased levels of cannabis consumption among SUD+ADHD individuals, especially among SUD+ADHD females. Furthermore, we found that patients with ADHD were significantly associated with polysubstance use. Our results showed a history of childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy to be associated with less functional ADHD-related impairment across all functional domains and a decreased risk for substance use in later life. Abstract Conclusion: High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found among treatment-seeking SUD patients. ADHD patients appeared to self-medicate to cope with their symptoms. Childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might be associated with a decreased risk for substance use in adulthood and lower ADHD-related impairment. Despite study limitations, these findings underline the importance of early ADHD detection and treatment, which might prevent substance use. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the Nelson Mandela Bay health district (NMBHD).
- Authors: Dlamini, Xolani
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Birthparents , Nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58815 , vital:60126
- Description: The birthing process is a challenging, unpredictable yet a beautiful life event for birthing women, requiring reasonable birthing process preparedness on birthing woman to enhance her cooperation during the birthing process. Often first-time mothers lack their own frame of reference regarding the birthing process to improve their birthing process preparedness. As an alternative they are reliant on that of other people with birthing process experiences or on what they are told by midwives. The purpose of this study was to understand how was the preparedness of the birthing process of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the NMBHD. Thus, an indication of how ready were they, when the labour started. The objectives of the study were as follows, to: • explore and describe the birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the NMBHD and • formulate recommendations for midwives and nurse managers that would aid them in facilitating the birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in public obstetric units in the NMBHD. The study adopted a qualitative research design with exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach. The research population were first-time mothers who had booked and delivered in any of the obstetric units in the NMBHD. The convenience, non-probability sampling methods were used in selecting the first-time mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Envisaged sample size was 21 participants but also depending on data saturation. Sixteen participants were ultimately interviewed but only fifteen of those interviews were used. The data collection method used was one-on-one semi-structured interviews which were captured on a digital voice-recorder. The thematic method of data analysis was used to analyse data from the interviews. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: • Theme 1: Participants shared their experiences regarding the birthing process and their birthing process preparedness. • Theme 2: Participants expressed having had varied experiences from factors that had influenced their birthing preparedness. iv • Theme 3: Participants provided suggestions for midwives to facilitate their birthing process preparedness. Recommendations were made for midwives and managers, nursing education, research and limitations of the study were outlined. To comply with trustworthiness, this study adopted Lincoln and Guba’s Model of trustworthiness. The ethical principles that guided this study with human participants were the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Dlamini, Xolani
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Birthparents , Nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58815 , vital:60126
- Description: The birthing process is a challenging, unpredictable yet a beautiful life event for birthing women, requiring reasonable birthing process preparedness on birthing woman to enhance her cooperation during the birthing process. Often first-time mothers lack their own frame of reference regarding the birthing process to improve their birthing process preparedness. As an alternative they are reliant on that of other people with birthing process experiences or on what they are told by midwives. The purpose of this study was to understand how was the preparedness of the birthing process of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the NMBHD. Thus, an indication of how ready were they, when the labour started. The objectives of the study were as follows, to: • explore and describe the birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in the public obstetric units of the NMBHD and • formulate recommendations for midwives and nurse managers that would aid them in facilitating the birthing process preparedness of first-time mothers in public obstetric units in the NMBHD. The study adopted a qualitative research design with exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach. The research population were first-time mothers who had booked and delivered in any of the obstetric units in the NMBHD. The convenience, non-probability sampling methods were used in selecting the first-time mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Envisaged sample size was 21 participants but also depending on data saturation. Sixteen participants were ultimately interviewed but only fifteen of those interviews were used. The data collection method used was one-on-one semi-structured interviews which were captured on a digital voice-recorder. The thematic method of data analysis was used to analyse data from the interviews. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: • Theme 1: Participants shared their experiences regarding the birthing process and their birthing process preparedness. • Theme 2: Participants expressed having had varied experiences from factors that had influenced their birthing preparedness. iv • Theme 3: Participants provided suggestions for midwives to facilitate their birthing process preparedness. Recommendations were made for midwives and managers, nursing education, research and limitations of the study were outlined. To comply with trustworthiness, this study adopted Lincoln and Guba’s Model of trustworthiness. The ethical principles that guided this study with human participants were the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Determining and its effects on perceptual motor skills of soccer players
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Tyra-lee
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Soccer players , Perceptual-motor processes
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58961 , vital:60251
- Description: Objectives: The influence of detraining on the perceptual motor skills of soccer players has been theorized, but not verified empirically (Farrow & Robertson, 2017). The aim of this study was to examine detraining and its effects on the perceptual-motor skills of soccer players by employing a three-week period of no training, immediately post-season. Method: To further examine the effects that three weeks of no training would have on the perceptual-motor and perceptual-cognitive abilities of soccer players, sixteen male club university soccer players (aged 21.10±2.69 years with 12.40±3.18 years of playing experience) participated in this single-cohort longitudinal observation study. The measurements were performed in the following order with sprint testing encompassing the 40-Meter Sprint Test, aerobic performance testing by use of Intermittent Yo-Yo Test (YYIR2), perceptual-motor testing which consisted of the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test and perceptual-cognitive testing undertaken by means of Video-based assessment. Results: A three-week period of no training showed no negligible effects of detraining on sprint performance (F(2, 30) = 1.43, p = .255, ƞp2 = .09), perceptual-motor performance (F(1, 15) = 2.52, p = .133, ƞp2 = .14) nor effects of detraining regarding perceptual-cognitive aptitudes (F(2, 30)= 0.28, p= .813, ƞp 2= .01 ). Results of the study did, however, suggest the potential for increasing aerobic performance (F(1, 15) = 6.17, p = .025, ƞp2 = .29). Additionally, the study results inferred that within Video-based assessment, university club soccer players may develop a response bias due to familiarity or repeated exposure to the testing procedures. Conclusions: Results from the study fail to comprehensively show the effects of detraining on male club university soccer players in all aspects of the perceptual-skill framework, after three weeks of no training. The researcher further discusses the effects of familiarity, repeated exposure and the robustness of these perceptual-cognitive and perceptual-motor abilities as possible reasons for the results returned. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Tyra-lee
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Soccer players , Perceptual-motor processes
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58961 , vital:60251
- Description: Objectives: The influence of detraining on the perceptual motor skills of soccer players has been theorized, but not verified empirically (Farrow & Robertson, 2017). The aim of this study was to examine detraining and its effects on the perceptual-motor skills of soccer players by employing a three-week period of no training, immediately post-season. Method: To further examine the effects that three weeks of no training would have on the perceptual-motor and perceptual-cognitive abilities of soccer players, sixteen male club university soccer players (aged 21.10±2.69 years with 12.40±3.18 years of playing experience) participated in this single-cohort longitudinal observation study. The measurements were performed in the following order with sprint testing encompassing the 40-Meter Sprint Test, aerobic performance testing by use of Intermittent Yo-Yo Test (YYIR2), perceptual-motor testing which consisted of the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test and perceptual-cognitive testing undertaken by means of Video-based assessment. Results: A three-week period of no training showed no negligible effects of detraining on sprint performance (F(2, 30) = 1.43, p = .255, ƞp2 = .09), perceptual-motor performance (F(1, 15) = 2.52, p = .133, ƞp2 = .14) nor effects of detraining regarding perceptual-cognitive aptitudes (F(2, 30)= 0.28, p= .813, ƞp 2= .01 ). Results of the study did, however, suggest the potential for increasing aerobic performance (F(1, 15) = 6.17, p = .025, ƞp2 = .29). Additionally, the study results inferred that within Video-based assessment, university club soccer players may develop a response bias due to familiarity or repeated exposure to the testing procedures. Conclusions: Results from the study fail to comprehensively show the effects of detraining on male club university soccer players in all aspects of the perceptual-skill framework, after three weeks of no training. The researcher further discusses the effects of familiarity, repeated exposure and the robustness of these perceptual-cognitive and perceptual-motor abilities as possible reasons for the results returned. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Early maladaptive schemas among re-offenders in Gqeberha 102
- Authors: Mantshiyose, Asisipho
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Recidivism -- Gqeberha
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58904 , vital:60246
- Description: high crime rate in South Africa showed an increase in 2018 with recidivism being the highest contributing factor. The increase in recidivism rates is a result of many factors, including the ineffectiveness of rehabilitation programmes. In an attempt to combat the increase in recidivism, its causes have been examined from a number of perspectives, especially social factors. However, very few studies have focussed on psychological factors when studying crime in South Africa. International studies have found personality factors to be a contributing factor towards recidivism. Concordantly, international studies have also established a correlation between early maladaptive schemas, a core component of personality, and crime. This study aimed to explore early maladaptive schemas among reoffenders in Gqeberha, South Africa. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence of EMS in a sample of repeat offenders from the National Institute for Crime Prevention and the Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO) in Gqeberha. The study used a quantitative methodology and a sample size of 14 participants was utilised. Convenience sampling was utilised to identify reoffenders. The data was collected by administering a short demographical questionnaire and the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlations were utilised to analyse the data. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mantshiyose, Asisipho
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Recidivism -- Gqeberha
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58904 , vital:60246
- Description: high crime rate in South Africa showed an increase in 2018 with recidivism being the highest contributing factor. The increase in recidivism rates is a result of many factors, including the ineffectiveness of rehabilitation programmes. In an attempt to combat the increase in recidivism, its causes have been examined from a number of perspectives, especially social factors. However, very few studies have focussed on psychological factors when studying crime in South Africa. International studies have found personality factors to be a contributing factor towards recidivism. Concordantly, international studies have also established a correlation between early maladaptive schemas, a core component of personality, and crime. This study aimed to explore early maladaptive schemas among reoffenders in Gqeberha, South Africa. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence of EMS in a sample of repeat offenders from the National Institute for Crime Prevention and the Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO) in Gqeberha. The study used a quantitative methodology and a sample size of 14 participants was utilised. Convenience sampling was utilised to identify reoffenders. The data was collected by administering a short demographical questionnaire and the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlations were utilised to analyse the data. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Exploring psychologists’ perceptions on how they integrate their own cultural belief systems within the therapeutic relationship in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
- Authors: Potso, Thando
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Psychologist -- Eastern Cape , Cultural competence , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58936 , vital:60249
- Description: While there is extensive research exploring the influence of a client’s cultural beliefs on the therapeutic process; there is still a scarcity of information on how the cultural beliefs held by a psychologist may affect or influence the therapeutic process. Psychologists are trained to work with clients objectively by suspending their own beliefs, ideas, and values. Despite this, it would be interesting to explore how South African psychologists’ personal belief systems are navigated within the therapeutic space. Given the diversity of cultures within the South African context, it becomes important to explore and understand psychologists’ cultural belief systems, as they may influence the therapeutic relationship but to also, understand how they assimilate these belief systems into the therapeutic relationships with diverse clients. Drawing on the qualitative methodology, the study sought to draw participants using a purposive sampling technique. Participants were sourced through different databases, such as the Eastern Cape database of registered and practicing psychologists. Participants who agreed to partake in the study were sent an email with the interview schedule and the link to either MS Teams or Zoom, depending on their preference. The collected data was transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis through which three themes and six sub-themes were identified and discussed. The identified themes are as follows; 1) Culture as perceived by psychologists, 2) Cultural beliefs in therapy and, 3) The therapeutic alliance. The study found that shared cultural beliefs between psychologists and clients facilitated rapport building. It allowed the therapeutic process to move in a positive direction. The study applied the principles of ethics and trustworthiness. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Potso, Thando
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Psychologist -- Eastern Cape , Cultural competence , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58936 , vital:60249
- Description: While there is extensive research exploring the influence of a client’s cultural beliefs on the therapeutic process; there is still a scarcity of information on how the cultural beliefs held by a psychologist may affect or influence the therapeutic process. Psychologists are trained to work with clients objectively by suspending their own beliefs, ideas, and values. Despite this, it would be interesting to explore how South African psychologists’ personal belief systems are navigated within the therapeutic space. Given the diversity of cultures within the South African context, it becomes important to explore and understand psychologists’ cultural belief systems, as they may influence the therapeutic relationship but to also, understand how they assimilate these belief systems into the therapeutic relationships with diverse clients. Drawing on the qualitative methodology, the study sought to draw participants using a purposive sampling technique. Participants were sourced through different databases, such as the Eastern Cape database of registered and practicing psychologists. Participants who agreed to partake in the study were sent an email with the interview schedule and the link to either MS Teams or Zoom, depending on their preference. The collected data was transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis through which three themes and six sub-themes were identified and discussed. The identified themes are as follows; 1) Culture as perceived by psychologists, 2) Cultural beliefs in therapy and, 3) The therapeutic alliance. The study found that shared cultural beliefs between psychologists and clients facilitated rapport building. It allowed the therapeutic process to move in a positive direction. The study applied the principles of ethics and trustworthiness. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Exploring the Correlation of Two Field Tests with Match-Related Performance in Female Premier League Hockey Players
- Authors: Knott-Craig, Hannah Sue
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Women hockey players
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58892 , vital:60245
- Description: Background: Field hockey is a stick and ball team sport which is comprised of technical and tactical components and requires elevated physical conditioning. Due to the intermittent and complex nature of field hockey, it has become increasingly difficult for coaches to accurately measure the players hockey specific fitness levels. For this reason, various fitness tests have been developed over the years. However, some of the fitness tests utilised to this day do not incorporate movements similar to match situations, and therefore, do not stress the same energy systems in a similar manner to match-play. Hence, the INTER test and Dynamic Yo-Yo test are being utilised in the current study as they incorporate similar movements seen in match-play, and they incorporate varying rest periods. The INTER test is a test that incorporates shuttles, maximal sprints and agility movements. Whereas the Dynamic Yo-Yo test only incorporates shuttles running with differing changes in angles. However, both of these tests have previously only been used in a soccer context, therefore, the results obtained were compared to soccer specific data. Match-related data was compared to current field hockey data. Aim and Objectives: The main aim of the research study was to determine whether the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test correlate with match-related physiological demands and physical performance. There were three main objectives of the study. First, to determine and describe the physical and physiological responses in selected cohort off hockey players during match-play, the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test. Second, to run correlations between the two field tests and match-play to identify relationships. Third was to identify the differences between the two field tests. Methods: Using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling, a total of 20 field hockey players from the Eastern Cape Premier Hockey League voluntarily participated in the study (age: 22.25 ± 3.16 years; height: 167.3 ± 2.61cm; weight: 59.4 ± 3.87). The participants were monitored during the INTER test, Dynamic Yo-Yo test and the field hockey matches. The following physiological and physical variables were monitored: heart rate, breathing rate, distance and speed. The participants were given a minimum of 24 hours recovery time between field tests and matches to ensure fatigue did not impact results. The monitoring during the field tests and match-play was done by all participants wearing the Zephyr BioHarness and QStarz global positioning system. VI Results: The mean distance achieved in the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test both produced a statistically strong relationship to the mean distance achieved in the matches (r=0.82, p=0.000). The time spent in the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test compared to the time spent in match-play showed a very weak correlation (r=0.19; r=-0.08). Both the mean breathing rate for the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test resulted in a very strong correlations (r=0.8) which was statistically significant (p=0.000). Participants spend on average 72% of match-play at >85% HRpeak compared to the 52% and 78% spent at >85% HRpeak during the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test respectively. The INTER test produced a greater number of statistically significant correlations with the combined matches compared to the Dynamic Yo-Yo test. When identifying the differences between the variables measured in the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test, it was identified that there were many significant differences. Conclusions: Both the Dynamic Yo-Yo and the INTER test can be used by hockey coaches. However, the researcher would recommend the utilisation of the INTER test, because it displayed stronger, more significant correlations to match-play. The set-up of the INTER test is also more convenient as it can be conducted on the astro turf. While, both tests did have some correlations to match-play, additional tests would need to be included in a testing battery to provide coaches with complete profiles of the players in order to assist in team selections. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Knott-Craig, Hannah Sue
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Women hockey players
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58892 , vital:60245
- Description: Background: Field hockey is a stick and ball team sport which is comprised of technical and tactical components and requires elevated physical conditioning. Due to the intermittent and complex nature of field hockey, it has become increasingly difficult for coaches to accurately measure the players hockey specific fitness levels. For this reason, various fitness tests have been developed over the years. However, some of the fitness tests utilised to this day do not incorporate movements similar to match situations, and therefore, do not stress the same energy systems in a similar manner to match-play. Hence, the INTER test and Dynamic Yo-Yo test are being utilised in the current study as they incorporate similar movements seen in match-play, and they incorporate varying rest periods. The INTER test is a test that incorporates shuttles, maximal sprints and agility movements. Whereas the Dynamic Yo-Yo test only incorporates shuttles running with differing changes in angles. However, both of these tests have previously only been used in a soccer context, therefore, the results obtained were compared to soccer specific data. Match-related data was compared to current field hockey data. Aim and Objectives: The main aim of the research study was to determine whether the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test correlate with match-related physiological demands and physical performance. There were three main objectives of the study. First, to determine and describe the physical and physiological responses in selected cohort off hockey players during match-play, the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test. Second, to run correlations between the two field tests and match-play to identify relationships. Third was to identify the differences between the two field tests. Methods: Using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling, a total of 20 field hockey players from the Eastern Cape Premier Hockey League voluntarily participated in the study (age: 22.25 ± 3.16 years; height: 167.3 ± 2.61cm; weight: 59.4 ± 3.87). The participants were monitored during the INTER test, Dynamic Yo-Yo test and the field hockey matches. The following physiological and physical variables were monitored: heart rate, breathing rate, distance and speed. The participants were given a minimum of 24 hours recovery time between field tests and matches to ensure fatigue did not impact results. The monitoring during the field tests and match-play was done by all participants wearing the Zephyr BioHarness and QStarz global positioning system. VI Results: The mean distance achieved in the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test both produced a statistically strong relationship to the mean distance achieved in the matches (r=0.82, p=0.000). The time spent in the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test compared to the time spent in match-play showed a very weak correlation (r=0.19; r=-0.08). Both the mean breathing rate for the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test resulted in a very strong correlations (r=0.8) which was statistically significant (p=0.000). Participants spend on average 72% of match-play at >85% HRpeak compared to the 52% and 78% spent at >85% HRpeak during the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test respectively. The INTER test produced a greater number of statistically significant correlations with the combined matches compared to the Dynamic Yo-Yo test. When identifying the differences between the variables measured in the INTER test and the Dynamic Yo-Yo test, it was identified that there were many significant differences. Conclusions: Both the Dynamic Yo-Yo and the INTER test can be used by hockey coaches. However, the researcher would recommend the utilisation of the INTER test, because it displayed stronger, more significant correlations to match-play. The set-up of the INTER test is also more convenient as it can be conducted on the astro turf. While, both tests did have some correlations to match-play, additional tests would need to be included in a testing battery to provide coaches with complete profiles of the players in order to assist in team selections. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Hook, Line, and Sinker: Fishing in the Online Relationship Realm, an Exploration of Addictiveness in Online Romantic Relationships
- Authors: Froneman, Carmen Michelle
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Online dating , Relationship addiction
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58871 , vital:60229
- Description: In an online space where individuals are meeting and creating relationships, it is important to explore and understand the nuanced, complex psychological phenomena that occur. Current psychological research into the phenomena of online addictiveness has gained traction with international studies exploring and expanding on this phenomena. Definitions of internet addiction differ widely, but research indicates that addicts expend large amounts of time online and that using the internet becomes a significant part of their everyday lives. Consequently, exploring individual’s experiences of online addiction within a romantic context becomes more relevant. The aim of this study was to explore and describe adults lived experiences of addictiveness in the context of online romantic relationships by expanding on the previous data of Froneman’s (2016) study. The present study utilised a qualitative approach and was exploratory and descriptive in design. The sample size of the present study was seven adult participants and semi-structured interviews were utilised as the method of data collection. Themes including motivation for using online dating, spending time online and the Biopsychosocial dynamics were identified through the participant’s narratives. These findings ultimately can be used for future research. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Froneman, Carmen Michelle
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Online dating , Relationship addiction
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58871 , vital:60229
- Description: In an online space where individuals are meeting and creating relationships, it is important to explore and understand the nuanced, complex psychological phenomena that occur. Current psychological research into the phenomena of online addictiveness has gained traction with international studies exploring and expanding on this phenomena. Definitions of internet addiction differ widely, but research indicates that addicts expend large amounts of time online and that using the internet becomes a significant part of their everyday lives. Consequently, exploring individual’s experiences of online addiction within a romantic context becomes more relevant. The aim of this study was to explore and describe adults lived experiences of addictiveness in the context of online romantic relationships by expanding on the previous data of Froneman’s (2016) study. The present study utilised a qualitative approach and was exploratory and descriptive in design. The sample size of the present study was seven adult participants and semi-structured interviews were utilised as the method of data collection. Themes including motivation for using online dating, spending time online and the Biopsychosocial dynamics were identified through the participant’s narratives. These findings ultimately can be used for future research. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Invasive radiological procedures: patients’ satisfaction with radiographers’ care in public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa
- Authors: Denteh, Derrick Kofi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Hospitals -- Radiological services , Patient satisfaction -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58772 , vital:60097
- Description: There has been a steady increase in invasive radiological procedures throughout the world. The situation is no different in Ghana and South Africa where the governments have sought to increase the equipment available for such procedures in public hospitals. However, complaints by patients and radiographers at the two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa suggested that not all patients are satisfied with the radiographers’ care provided during invasive radiological procedures. The study aimed to investigate patients’ satisfaction with radiographers’ care during invasive radiological procedures at two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa, and thereafter to do a comparison of the two hospitals. The study utilised a quantitative, comparative descriptive design. The theoretical framework that guided this study was Cox’s Interaction Model of Client Health Behaviour. The research population consisted of participants who had undergone various invasive radiological procedures. The data were collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument was enhanced by conducting a pilot study as well as through peer review and the guidance of a statistician. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to the principles of beneficence, justice and respect for persons. Overall, there was greater patient satisfaction with radiographers’ care in Ghana than in South Africa. Regarding patient satisfaction and health information, a statistically significant difference was observed between both countries (t = 10.02, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 1.36). Concerning patient satisfaction and affective support, a statistically significant difference was observed with a medium effect size (t = -4.34, df = 22, p = 0.000, d = 0.59). Patient satisfaction and decisional control was shown to have a statistically significant difference between the two countries (t = 20.27, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 2.73). Regarding professional/technical competencies, a statistically significant difference was observed with large size effect between the two countries (t = -6.77, df = 22, p = 0.000 and d = 0.91). In conclusion, the two countries were shown to differ regarding patient satisfaction in relation to Cox’s domains of health information, decisional control, affective support v and professional/technical competencies. In Ghana, there was greater patient satisfaction in relation to health information and decisional control than in South Africa. Conversely, in South Africa patient satisfaction in relation to affective support and professional/technical competencies was higher than in Ghana. As such, patient satisfaction could be improved if radiography management seeks to find ways to address these aspects in the hospitals under study in Ghana and South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Denteh, Derrick Kofi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Hospitals -- Radiological services , Patient satisfaction -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58772 , vital:60097
- Description: There has been a steady increase in invasive radiological procedures throughout the world. The situation is no different in Ghana and South Africa where the governments have sought to increase the equipment available for such procedures in public hospitals. However, complaints by patients and radiographers at the two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa suggested that not all patients are satisfied with the radiographers’ care provided during invasive radiological procedures. The study aimed to investigate patients’ satisfaction with radiographers’ care during invasive radiological procedures at two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa, and thereafter to do a comparison of the two hospitals. The study utilised a quantitative, comparative descriptive design. The theoretical framework that guided this study was Cox’s Interaction Model of Client Health Behaviour. The research population consisted of participants who had undergone various invasive radiological procedures. The data were collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument was enhanced by conducting a pilot study as well as through peer review and the guidance of a statistician. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to the principles of beneficence, justice and respect for persons. Overall, there was greater patient satisfaction with radiographers’ care in Ghana than in South Africa. Regarding patient satisfaction and health information, a statistically significant difference was observed between both countries (t = 10.02, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 1.36). Concerning patient satisfaction and affective support, a statistically significant difference was observed with a medium effect size (t = -4.34, df = 22, p = 0.000, d = 0.59). Patient satisfaction and decisional control was shown to have a statistically significant difference between the two countries (t = 20.27, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 2.73). Regarding professional/technical competencies, a statistically significant difference was observed with large size effect between the two countries (t = -6.77, df = 22, p = 0.000 and d = 0.91). In conclusion, the two countries were shown to differ regarding patient satisfaction in relation to Cox’s domains of health information, decisional control, affective support v and professional/technical competencies. In Ghana, there was greater patient satisfaction in relation to health information and decisional control than in South Africa. Conversely, in South Africa patient satisfaction in relation to affective support and professional/technical competencies was higher than in Ghana. As such, patient satisfaction could be improved if radiography management seeks to find ways to address these aspects in the hospitals under study in Ghana and South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Linkage to care of HIV clients following diagnosis in Engcobo Sub-district, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mthini, Sandiso
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Primary care (Medicine) , HIV infections AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27017 , vital:66223
- Description: Background: “Linkage to care” is an essential strategy in place for the retention of HIV diagnosed clients on treatment. It is vital throughout the management and care of an HIV client. Aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of “linkage to care” of HIV clients following the diagnosis in the Engcobo sub-district, Eastern cape. Methodology: Qualitative, explorative, descriptive study design was used to explore and describe the effectiveness of “linkage to care” of HIV clients following diagnosis in the Engcobo sub-district. The population for the study were all healthcare workers, who are involved in the program of “linkage to care” of HIV positive clients. Purposive Sampling was used to select professional nurses, Community healthcare workers, Lay counsellors, linkage officers who are involved in the linkage of HIV positive patients and the facility managers whom their facilities provide HIV care services. Interview guide was used to collect data and Tesch’s method was used to analyse data. Findings: Themes that emerged from the study were flexible time to “linkage to care”; use of different policies; administration; team activities and “linkage to care” benefits. Recommendations: Training on “linkage to care”; case management model; TIER.NET system upgrade/ linkage App development, patient information packs; standardised extended hours; transport assistance/outreach mobile services. Conclusion “Linkage to care” is a team effort, it needs collaboration and knowledge. Despite the implementation of a linkage program, there are challenges that the department of health needs to act on as addressed on researcher’s recommendations. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mthini, Sandiso
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Primary care (Medicine) , HIV infections AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27017 , vital:66223
- Description: Background: “Linkage to care” is an essential strategy in place for the retention of HIV diagnosed clients on treatment. It is vital throughout the management and care of an HIV client. Aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of “linkage to care” of HIV clients following the diagnosis in the Engcobo sub-district, Eastern cape. Methodology: Qualitative, explorative, descriptive study design was used to explore and describe the effectiveness of “linkage to care” of HIV clients following diagnosis in the Engcobo sub-district. The population for the study were all healthcare workers, who are involved in the program of “linkage to care” of HIV positive clients. Purposive Sampling was used to select professional nurses, Community healthcare workers, Lay counsellors, linkage officers who are involved in the linkage of HIV positive patients and the facility managers whom their facilities provide HIV care services. Interview guide was used to collect data and Tesch’s method was used to analyse data. Findings: Themes that emerged from the study were flexible time to “linkage to care”; use of different policies; administration; team activities and “linkage to care” benefits. Recommendations: Training on “linkage to care”; case management model; TIER.NET system upgrade/ linkage App development, patient information packs; standardised extended hours; transport assistance/outreach mobile services. Conclusion “Linkage to care” is a team effort, it needs collaboration and knowledge. Despite the implementation of a linkage program, there are challenges that the department of health needs to act on as addressed on researcher’s recommendations. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Lived Experiences of Repeat Sex Offenders in a Zimbabwean Juvenile Prison Regarding Secondary Desistance
- Authors: Chingozho, Johnson
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Sex Offender -- Zimbabwe , Prison violence
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58750 , vital:60084
- Description: Juvenile sex offending is a serious crime that represents a social dysfunction for the offender, an injury to the community and a traumatic experience for the victim. Sex offending is generally perceived to be a conscious and intentional decision. Adolescent sex offending may be attributed to emotional immaturity and faulty thinking patterns. While interventions have been developed in Western settings, it appears they have failed to reduce reoffending among juvenile sex offenders in Zimbabwe. This is attributed to a lack of a culturally responsive psychological programme developed for the Zimbabwean adolescent sex offender. The study employed a phenomenological qualitative research approach that is exploratory, descriptive and theory generative in design. The Integrated Theory of Desistance from Sex Offending (ITDSO) underpinned the research study. The ITDSO’s three temporal dimensions namely: decisive momentum, rehabilitation and reentry were instrumental in the framing of the interview questions used in fieldwork and the development of the Zimbabwe Adolescent Sex Offender Psychoeducational Programme (ZASOPP). The research study took place in four phases. Phase 1 of the study constituted an integrative literature review utilising Whittemore and Knafl’s framework. Synthesis of the literature was conducted and analysed in terms of the themes that emerged that were relevant to juvenile sex offending and desistance. Phase 2 employed a qualitative phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of repeat juvenile sex offenders regarding secondary desistance in a Zimbabwean juvenile prison. The data collection process involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 male repeat juvenile sex offenders between the ages of 17 and 21 years. The interviews were conducted in the Shona language. The data collected from the semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analysed by the researcher vii utilising the Colaizzi method. Phase 2 revealed a lack of parental guidance, minimisation, poor social skills, poor academic achievement, alcohol, and drug misuse as perceived factors influencing sex reoffending among juvenile sex offenders. The fear of prison, hopelessness, and challenges in adapting to the new reality in prison contributed to pains of imprisonment. Predictably, the study findings further revealed a lack of an appropriate psychological rehabilitation programme targeted at intervention among juvenile sex offenders. Phase 3 of the research study involved the development of a conceptual framework from the synthesis of findings from the integrative literature review, fieldwork and six concepts of the survey list of the Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach theory. The conceptual framework was used as a basis for the development of a psychoeducational programme. Phase 4 of the research study involved the development of a Zimbabwe Adolescent Sex Offender Psychoeducational Programme as informed by the conceptual framework developed in Phase 3 for clinical assessment and intervention among juvenile sex offenders in prison. The formulated programme would be used to intervene among juvenile sex offenders in a Zimbabwean juvenile prison to assist them to have psychological, mental well-being and to enhance secondary desistance. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Chingozho, Johnson
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Sex Offender -- Zimbabwe , Prison violence
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58750 , vital:60084
- Description: Juvenile sex offending is a serious crime that represents a social dysfunction for the offender, an injury to the community and a traumatic experience for the victim. Sex offending is generally perceived to be a conscious and intentional decision. Adolescent sex offending may be attributed to emotional immaturity and faulty thinking patterns. While interventions have been developed in Western settings, it appears they have failed to reduce reoffending among juvenile sex offenders in Zimbabwe. This is attributed to a lack of a culturally responsive psychological programme developed for the Zimbabwean adolescent sex offender. The study employed a phenomenological qualitative research approach that is exploratory, descriptive and theory generative in design. The Integrated Theory of Desistance from Sex Offending (ITDSO) underpinned the research study. The ITDSO’s three temporal dimensions namely: decisive momentum, rehabilitation and reentry were instrumental in the framing of the interview questions used in fieldwork and the development of the Zimbabwe Adolescent Sex Offender Psychoeducational Programme (ZASOPP). The research study took place in four phases. Phase 1 of the study constituted an integrative literature review utilising Whittemore and Knafl’s framework. Synthesis of the literature was conducted and analysed in terms of the themes that emerged that were relevant to juvenile sex offending and desistance. Phase 2 employed a qualitative phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of repeat juvenile sex offenders regarding secondary desistance in a Zimbabwean juvenile prison. The data collection process involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 male repeat juvenile sex offenders between the ages of 17 and 21 years. The interviews were conducted in the Shona language. The data collected from the semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analysed by the researcher vii utilising the Colaizzi method. Phase 2 revealed a lack of parental guidance, minimisation, poor social skills, poor academic achievement, alcohol, and drug misuse as perceived factors influencing sex reoffending among juvenile sex offenders. The fear of prison, hopelessness, and challenges in adapting to the new reality in prison contributed to pains of imprisonment. Predictably, the study findings further revealed a lack of an appropriate psychological rehabilitation programme targeted at intervention among juvenile sex offenders. Phase 3 of the research study involved the development of a conceptual framework from the synthesis of findings from the integrative literature review, fieldwork and six concepts of the survey list of the Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach theory. The conceptual framework was used as a basis for the development of a psychoeducational programme. Phase 4 of the research study involved the development of a Zimbabwe Adolescent Sex Offender Psychoeducational Programme as informed by the conceptual framework developed in Phase 3 for clinical assessment and intervention among juvenile sex offenders in prison. The formulated programme would be used to intervene among juvenile sex offenders in a Zimbabwean juvenile prison to assist them to have psychological, mental well-being and to enhance secondary desistance. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04