Uphando ngenxaxheba yemithombo yosasazo ekwakheni nasekuqambeni isigama esitsha: lugxile kunomathotholo, uMhlobo Wenene kwinkqubo iBreakfast eyondlayo ekuseni
- Authors: Ntlantsana, Likona
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Sociolinguistics -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Language and languages—Phonetic transcriptions , Xhosa language--Grammar
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63451 , vital:73367
- Description: Olu phando luhlola amandla emithombo yosasazo ekwakheni nasekuqambeni isigama. Lukwenze oku ngokuphanda ngendlela abantu abawabona ngayo amagama amatsha esiXhosa aveliswe kunomathotholo, Umhlobo Wenene kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni. Esi sifundo sikhangela ukwamkeleka kwala magama kuluntu. Oku kwenziwe ngokuthi kwenziwe udliwanondlebe lobuso ngobuso leqela elingqalileyo oluthe ngqo nabasasazi kunye nabaphulaphuli.Uphando lungqiyame lwaqamela ngendlela yophando edibanisa uphando olujolise kumanani nobalo kunye nophando olujolise kwinkcazo nakubunjani. Olu phando lwenziwe kwiidolophu ezimbini, iTsomo neGqeberha. Zombini ezi dolophu zikwiphondo leMpuma Koloni, eMzantsi Afrika apho abahlali abaninzi bathetha isiXhosa. ITsomo yidolophu esemaphandleni enezinga eliphantsi labantu abathetha ezinye iilwimi ngaphandle kwesiXhosa. Ngoko ke isiXhosa lolona lwimi lutshilayo eTsomo. EGqeberha kulapho Umhlobo Wenene ukhoyo. Ukusebenzisa abantu abasuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuveza iimbono ezahlukileyo ezithe zanceda ukuphendula iinjongo zolu phando. Injongo yolu phando kukukhangela inxaxheba yonomathotholo, Umhlobo Wenene ekukhuliseni ulwimi lwesiXhosa lugxile kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni (BEE). Uphando luza kujolisa kumagama aveliswe kunomathotholo, Umhlobo Wenene kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni. Iziphumo zophando kufikelelwe kuzo ngokuthi kuthelekiswe iimpendulo zabo kuvele isisombululo sengxaki yophando kuzo. Oku kuthe kwanceda ukuphendula umbuzo wophando ofuna ukuqonda ukuba ingaba unomthotholo, Umhlobo Wenene kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni udlala inxaxheba ekhukhuliseni ulwimi lwesiXhosa? Kuyabonakala okokuba ngokwendlela asetyenziswa ngayo amagama aveliswe ngabasasazi kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni abaphulaphuli bayawuvuyela kwaye bawaphindisela kubasasazi. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Ntlantsana, Likona
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Sociolinguistics -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Language and languages—Phonetic transcriptions , Xhosa language--Grammar
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63451 , vital:73367
- Description: Olu phando luhlola amandla emithombo yosasazo ekwakheni nasekuqambeni isigama. Lukwenze oku ngokuphanda ngendlela abantu abawabona ngayo amagama amatsha esiXhosa aveliswe kunomathotholo, Umhlobo Wenene kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni. Esi sifundo sikhangela ukwamkeleka kwala magama kuluntu. Oku kwenziwe ngokuthi kwenziwe udliwanondlebe lobuso ngobuso leqela elingqalileyo oluthe ngqo nabasasazi kunye nabaphulaphuli.Uphando lungqiyame lwaqamela ngendlela yophando edibanisa uphando olujolise kumanani nobalo kunye nophando olujolise kwinkcazo nakubunjani. Olu phando lwenziwe kwiidolophu ezimbini, iTsomo neGqeberha. Zombini ezi dolophu zikwiphondo leMpuma Koloni, eMzantsi Afrika apho abahlali abaninzi bathetha isiXhosa. ITsomo yidolophu esemaphandleni enezinga eliphantsi labantu abathetha ezinye iilwimi ngaphandle kwesiXhosa. Ngoko ke isiXhosa lolona lwimi lutshilayo eTsomo. EGqeberha kulapho Umhlobo Wenene ukhoyo. Ukusebenzisa abantu abasuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuveza iimbono ezahlukileyo ezithe zanceda ukuphendula iinjongo zolu phando. Injongo yolu phando kukukhangela inxaxheba yonomathotholo, Umhlobo Wenene ekukhuliseni ulwimi lwesiXhosa lugxile kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni (BEE). Uphando luza kujolisa kumagama aveliswe kunomathotholo, Umhlobo Wenene kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni. Iziphumo zophando kufikelelwe kuzo ngokuthi kuthelekiswe iimpendulo zabo kuvele isisombululo sengxaki yophando kuzo. Oku kuthe kwanceda ukuphendula umbuzo wophando ofuna ukuqonda ukuba ingaba unomthotholo, Umhlobo Wenene kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni udlala inxaxheba ekhukhuliseni ulwimi lwesiXhosa? Kuyabonakala okokuba ngokwendlela asetyenziswa ngayo amagama aveliswe ngabasasazi kwinkqubo iBreakfast Eyondlayo Ekuseni abaphulaphuli bayawuvuyela kwaye bawaphindisela kubasasazi. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
Value management in government construction projects in South Africa
- Mngeni- Nobala, Thandokazi Yvonne
- Authors: Mngeni- Nobala, Thandokazi Yvonne
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Construction projects -- Management , Project management -- South Africa , Construction industry -- South Africa , Value analysis (Cost control)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64673 , vital:73845
- Description: The public sector construction industry aims to deliver infrastructure services to its client satisfactorily. However, the public sector is notorious for delivering projects that are over budget, finish years behind schedule, and are of poor quality. Value management is one way to address these challenges. This research aimed to examine the level of awareness and implementation of value management within the public sector and the benefits thereof. In this qualitative study, interviews were employed to gain insight into the level of awareness of value management within the public sector department in the Eastern Cape. A total of ten professionals in the public sector working for the Department of Public Works were purposively selected to be interviewed and the secondary data was sought through document analysis . The data was thematically analysed. The South African government requires a strategic change that will help improve awareness of value management in government infrastructure projects in South Africa which will pave the way for the full implementation of VM. The study found that the obstacle to adopting value management for public projects was the lack of knowledge and practice of value management. It was also found that the respondents were keen to implement value management and saw it as part of an important step in the planning stage of a project as it would save the department time and money. In order to improve the performance of construction projects, there is a need to adopt innovative ideas and solutions that will work for South African construction industry. Value management is one way to improve the performance of construction projects. VM should be considered at a strategic level in public sector departments to improve its applicability to meet client’s objectives. The major goal of the VM is to ensure that projects are delivered to the best function at the lowest total life cost achievable. The satisfaction of clients is a key factor of construction project success. Value Management strives to address problems which may arise such as budgetary constraints trying to decrease unnecessary costs towards the project but without causing changes to quality of the finished product. Value management is believed to be a cost-cutting exercise as perceived by many but the most importantly it focuses on function of an element or project. This means that the project is procured at the lowest possible cost by utilizing multiple cost control mechanisms without compromising the project's value and function. Value management has proven to be a practical management strategy for improving value for money, creating a better focus on project objectives, working toward more effective design, and identifying wasteful expenses due to unneeded design, material, labor, and machine. To optimise the usage of value management and to improve project performance, there is a need to adopt new concepts like value management that will work for the South African construction sector. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Built Environment and Civil Engineering, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Mngeni- Nobala, Thandokazi Yvonne
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Construction projects -- Management , Project management -- South Africa , Construction industry -- South Africa , Value analysis (Cost control)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64673 , vital:73845
- Description: The public sector construction industry aims to deliver infrastructure services to its client satisfactorily. However, the public sector is notorious for delivering projects that are over budget, finish years behind schedule, and are of poor quality. Value management is one way to address these challenges. This research aimed to examine the level of awareness and implementation of value management within the public sector and the benefits thereof. In this qualitative study, interviews were employed to gain insight into the level of awareness of value management within the public sector department in the Eastern Cape. A total of ten professionals in the public sector working for the Department of Public Works were purposively selected to be interviewed and the secondary data was sought through document analysis . The data was thematically analysed. The South African government requires a strategic change that will help improve awareness of value management in government infrastructure projects in South Africa which will pave the way for the full implementation of VM. The study found that the obstacle to adopting value management for public projects was the lack of knowledge and practice of value management. It was also found that the respondents were keen to implement value management and saw it as part of an important step in the planning stage of a project as it would save the department time and money. In order to improve the performance of construction projects, there is a need to adopt innovative ideas and solutions that will work for South African construction industry. Value management is one way to improve the performance of construction projects. VM should be considered at a strategic level in public sector departments to improve its applicability to meet client’s objectives. The major goal of the VM is to ensure that projects are delivered to the best function at the lowest total life cost achievable. The satisfaction of clients is a key factor of construction project success. Value Management strives to address problems which may arise such as budgetary constraints trying to decrease unnecessary costs towards the project but without causing changes to quality of the finished product. Value management is believed to be a cost-cutting exercise as perceived by many but the most importantly it focuses on function of an element or project. This means that the project is procured at the lowest possible cost by utilizing multiple cost control mechanisms without compromising the project's value and function. Value management has proven to be a practical management strategy for improving value for money, creating a better focus on project objectives, working toward more effective design, and identifying wasteful expenses due to unneeded design, material, labor, and machine. To optimise the usage of value management and to improve project performance, there is a need to adopt new concepts like value management that will work for the South African construction sector. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Built Environment and Civil Engineering, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
Youth participation in sports: Reconsidering the lost culture of Indigenous games in Libode, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Zide, Lumka
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Indigenous peoples -- Sports , Indigenous peoples -- Social life and customs , Minorities in sports
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63595 , vital:73506
- Description: This research focused on the Youth Participation in Sports: Reconsidering the Lost Culture of Indigenous Games in Libode, Eastern Cape. The study aimed to investigate the challenges facing indigenous games in Libode; to contribute within the anthropology of sport with specific reference to Libode in the Eastern Cape Province and to come up with recommendations with the view of addressing some of the challenges facing indigenous games in Libode. The study employed a qualitative approach and used interviews, questionnaires, observations, and participant observations as data collection methods. Data analysis was done through thematic data analysis. Cultural preservation was used as a conceptual framework for this study to understand the view of the participants in Libode. Furthermore, the literature that was reviewed in this research was based particularly on indigenous games to provide in-depth understanding the issues of indigenous games extinction as well to critique other authors who have written about indigenous games and their challenges. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Zide, Lumka
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Indigenous peoples -- Sports , Indigenous peoples -- Social life and customs , Minorities in sports
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63595 , vital:73506
- Description: This research focused on the Youth Participation in Sports: Reconsidering the Lost Culture of Indigenous Games in Libode, Eastern Cape. The study aimed to investigate the challenges facing indigenous games in Libode; to contribute within the anthropology of sport with specific reference to Libode in the Eastern Cape Province and to come up with recommendations with the view of addressing some of the challenges facing indigenous games in Libode. The study employed a qualitative approach and used interviews, questionnaires, observations, and participant observations as data collection methods. Data analysis was done through thematic data analysis. Cultural preservation was used as a conceptual framework for this study to understand the view of the participants in Libode. Furthermore, the literature that was reviewed in this research was based particularly on indigenous games to provide in-depth understanding the issues of indigenous games extinction as well to critique other authors who have written about indigenous games and their challenges. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Hydridospirophosphorane Ligand Systems Featuring Halogenated Mandelic Acids
- Authors: Maritz, Marius Johann
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Organic compounds -- Synthesis , Heterocyclic compounds , catalysis -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62096 , vital:71911
- Description: The search for new stereoselective catalysts remains important for the isolation of enantiomeric products from racemic mixtures. The need exists for these catalysts to be more efficient, to be more cost effective as well as be stable over time without undergoing changes in molecular structure and selectivity. The purpose of this research project was to experimentally synthesise and characterise asymmetric catalysts for the use in enantioselective synthesis. The catalysts consisted of the main group element phosphorous as central atom, with the phenyl rings of mandelic acid ligands monosubstituted with halogen atoms fluorine, chlorine and bromine in different configurations. Ligand binding resulted in the formation of hydridospirophosphorane structures, from which the molecular properties and binding geometry of these molecules could be explained by the theory of apicophilicity. Characterization was performed by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as diffraction studies that provided the experimental crystal structures. The structural, energetic and spectroscopy results were compared to the theoretically obtained molecular properties using DFT analysis. Various interand intramolecular interactions that existed between molecules found in crystal packing environments were discussed. Additional properties that were investigated included modelling solvation effects, molecular orbital analysis, Hirshfeld surfaces, orbital and atomic energy and population analysis as well as ESP energy calculations with the optimized crystal structures as input. Molecular overlay comparisons were also performed between the experimental and optimized structures where the effectiveness of various DFT functionals and basis sets could be determined. The method with the best overall cost-to-accuracy ratio was found to be the triple-zeta def2-tzvp basis set with B3LYP functional theory and the addition of Grimme’s dispersion correction. Results indicated differences in crystal packing depending largely on the given halogen atoms present in the substituted phenyl rings, with differences observed in electronegativity and steric effects. One of the crystal systems showed additional interactions with solvent molecules, giving the impression that obtaining crystal void formation was possible. Alterations in the transition state activation energies between the isomers of each molecule were found to be present and supported the theory behind the mechanism of stereochemical induction. The studied compounds were therefore effective in isolating different enantiomeric ligands by means of energy differences between conformers and displayed unique catalytic properties resulting from the phosphorous main group element. The hydridospirophosphoranes conformers responsible for the lowest theoretically calculated activation energy induced crystallization as was seen by diffraction results for all compounds. Even as an intriguing observation, crystallization will largely depend on solubility rather than a specific conformer’s amount in solution. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Maritz, Marius Johann
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Organic compounds -- Synthesis , Heterocyclic compounds , catalysis -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62096 , vital:71911
- Description: The search for new stereoselective catalysts remains important for the isolation of enantiomeric products from racemic mixtures. The need exists for these catalysts to be more efficient, to be more cost effective as well as be stable over time without undergoing changes in molecular structure and selectivity. The purpose of this research project was to experimentally synthesise and characterise asymmetric catalysts for the use in enantioselective synthesis. The catalysts consisted of the main group element phosphorous as central atom, with the phenyl rings of mandelic acid ligands monosubstituted with halogen atoms fluorine, chlorine and bromine in different configurations. Ligand binding resulted in the formation of hydridospirophosphorane structures, from which the molecular properties and binding geometry of these molecules could be explained by the theory of apicophilicity. Characterization was performed by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as diffraction studies that provided the experimental crystal structures. The structural, energetic and spectroscopy results were compared to the theoretically obtained molecular properties using DFT analysis. Various interand intramolecular interactions that existed between molecules found in crystal packing environments were discussed. Additional properties that were investigated included modelling solvation effects, molecular orbital analysis, Hirshfeld surfaces, orbital and atomic energy and population analysis as well as ESP energy calculations with the optimized crystal structures as input. Molecular overlay comparisons were also performed between the experimental and optimized structures where the effectiveness of various DFT functionals and basis sets could be determined. The method with the best overall cost-to-accuracy ratio was found to be the triple-zeta def2-tzvp basis set with B3LYP functional theory and the addition of Grimme’s dispersion correction. Results indicated differences in crystal packing depending largely on the given halogen atoms present in the substituted phenyl rings, with differences observed in electronegativity and steric effects. One of the crystal systems showed additional interactions with solvent molecules, giving the impression that obtaining crystal void formation was possible. Alterations in the transition state activation energies between the isomers of each molecule were found to be present and supported the theory behind the mechanism of stereochemical induction. The studied compounds were therefore effective in isolating different enantiomeric ligands by means of energy differences between conformers and displayed unique catalytic properties resulting from the phosphorous main group element. The hydridospirophosphoranes conformers responsible for the lowest theoretically calculated activation energy induced crystallization as was seen by diffraction results for all compounds. Even as an intriguing observation, crystallization will largely depend on solubility rather than a specific conformer’s amount in solution. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
A qualitative review on the manner in which psychologists address language barriers in psychological testing with isiXhosa speaking clients.
- Authors: Fouche, Nicoleen
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: language barriers , isiXhosa , psychological tests,
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62838 , vital:73055
- Description: A racially segregated culture historically influenced the growth of psychological testing and evaluation in South Africa. Thus, South Africa's multicultural and multilingual community poses difficulties for psychologists in their daily work. Most of the psychological tests used by psychologists are predominantly normed in either or only English/Afrikaans. Given the economic and professional resources required to develop new standardised tests for the broader South African population, the current status quo is set to continue for the foreseeable future. Consequently, language barriers pose a challenge when psychometric standardised tests are administered in a language that is different from that of the client, and as a result, psychologists must develop ways to enhance the fairness of these measures for their client base. The avenue of research that was explored is how psychologists overcome the language boundary when assessing clients who speak an indigenous first language, particularly isiXhosa. As such, this study explored this question through qualitative methods. Through purposive sampling, nine psychologists were invited to share their practical expertise on this topic, using semi-structured online interviews. The findings of this study suggested several core themes providing useful methods for other psychologists facing the same challenge, including the challenges with administering psychological tests with isiXhosa clients, the availability of standardised tests in the South African context, and the importance of determining the client’s language proficiency. Five themes with several sub-themes emerged from the study. The study contributes to the currently limited existing body of knowledge, and subsequently to the research area that this study explores - thus further providing guidelines that practitioners can employ when working with clients who are isiXhosa speaking. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Fouche, Nicoleen
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: language barriers , isiXhosa , psychological tests,
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62838 , vital:73055
- Description: A racially segregated culture historically influenced the growth of psychological testing and evaluation in South Africa. Thus, South Africa's multicultural and multilingual community poses difficulties for psychologists in their daily work. Most of the psychological tests used by psychologists are predominantly normed in either or only English/Afrikaans. Given the economic and professional resources required to develop new standardised tests for the broader South African population, the current status quo is set to continue for the foreseeable future. Consequently, language barriers pose a challenge when psychometric standardised tests are administered in a language that is different from that of the client, and as a result, psychologists must develop ways to enhance the fairness of these measures for their client base. The avenue of research that was explored is how psychologists overcome the language boundary when assessing clients who speak an indigenous first language, particularly isiXhosa. As such, this study explored this question through qualitative methods. Through purposive sampling, nine psychologists were invited to share their practical expertise on this topic, using semi-structured online interviews. The findings of this study suggested several core themes providing useful methods for other psychologists facing the same challenge, including the challenges with administering psychological tests with isiXhosa clients, the availability of standardised tests in the South African context, and the importance of determining the client’s language proficiency. Five themes with several sub-themes emerged from the study. The study contributes to the currently limited existing body of knowledge, and subsequently to the research area that this study explores - thus further providing guidelines that practitioners can employ when working with clients who are isiXhosa speaking. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
A study exploring the understanding and interpretations of schizophrenia amongst Zulu Community members, in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal Province
- Authors: Lephoto, Thabo
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: chizophrenia , traditional healers , cultural belief,
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62859 , vital:73059
- Description: Mental illness is a global and widespread phenomenon, and its presented symptoms are experienced differently within various contexts. In many contexts, cultural beliefs are noted as influencing the thinking, feeling, and behavior of individuals and groups. Schizophrenia is often associated with a clustering of symptoms, which are often interpreted from within a cultural lens. This is in part, due to the lack of access to mental health facilities, and the limited understanding of psychological processes, but primarily due to cultural belief systems. As such, many individuals rely on indigenous knowledge systems and traditional healing when experiencing psychological symptoms. Within South Africa, the symptoms associated with schizophrenia are understood and treated in accordance with cultural beliefs and it is likely that bewitchment, spirit possession, as well as ancestral callings such as ukuthwasa, etc. will be associated with the symptoms of mental illnesses. The implications that this poses to psychological treatments and interventions are vast and require exploration. This study employed a qualitative methodology, with an exploratory and descriptive design. There were 8 participants (males= 4; females= 4), aged between 26-37 that were recruited for the study by utilizing a purposive sampling strategy, as well as a snowball sampling technique. Thematic analysis was used as a means of data analysis, by following the method by Braun and Clarke. The study applies the principles of ethics with regard to confidentiality and privacy. The findings of the study revealed that participants’ perceptions of schizophrenia were influenced by their culture. Participants of the study suggested that culture is influential in the treatment of those diagnosed with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a hierarchical system in the Zulu Culture and those diagnosed with schizophrenia are placed at the bottom. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Lephoto, Thabo
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: chizophrenia , traditional healers , cultural belief,
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62859 , vital:73059
- Description: Mental illness is a global and widespread phenomenon, and its presented symptoms are experienced differently within various contexts. In many contexts, cultural beliefs are noted as influencing the thinking, feeling, and behavior of individuals and groups. Schizophrenia is often associated with a clustering of symptoms, which are often interpreted from within a cultural lens. This is in part, due to the lack of access to mental health facilities, and the limited understanding of psychological processes, but primarily due to cultural belief systems. As such, many individuals rely on indigenous knowledge systems and traditional healing when experiencing psychological symptoms. Within South Africa, the symptoms associated with schizophrenia are understood and treated in accordance with cultural beliefs and it is likely that bewitchment, spirit possession, as well as ancestral callings such as ukuthwasa, etc. will be associated with the symptoms of mental illnesses. The implications that this poses to psychological treatments and interventions are vast and require exploration. This study employed a qualitative methodology, with an exploratory and descriptive design. There were 8 participants (males= 4; females= 4), aged between 26-37 that were recruited for the study by utilizing a purposive sampling strategy, as well as a snowball sampling technique. Thematic analysis was used as a means of data analysis, by following the method by Braun and Clarke. The study applies the principles of ethics with regard to confidentiality and privacy. The findings of the study revealed that participants’ perceptions of schizophrenia were influenced by their culture. Participants of the study suggested that culture is influential in the treatment of those diagnosed with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a hierarchical system in the Zulu Culture and those diagnosed with schizophrenia are placed at the bottom. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Adherence narratives of COVID-19 in KwaNobuhle Township, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Andries, Siyanda
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Coronavirus Disease--Eastern Cape--South Africa , Vaccination--Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63243 , vital:73240
- Description: The emergence of COVID-19 triggered a global health crisis that not only took many lives but disrupted economies, strained healthcare systems, and impacted social relations globally. KwaNobuhle township in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa falls under the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. This municipality experienced some of South Africa’s highest COVID-19 fatalities, with the lowest levels of testing, active cases and hospitalisation in the country. This study investigates the narratives about COVID-19 prevention measures in KwaNobuhle. Primarily, it seeks to reveal how young and elderly peoples’ perceptions about COVID-19 influenced their compliance with prevention measures such as lockdown, testing and self-admission to hospital when sick. Fifteen residents of KwaNobuhle, who identify as Black people between 18 and 30 years and 50 and 65 years, were recruited as participants in this study. The two groups of study participants were recruited in order to enable an investigation into intergenerational narratives about infectious disease. In this study, Intergenerational narratives encompass stories, beliefs, and cultural traditions that transmit values, historical experiences, and a shared sense of identity, fostering connections between generations. This study provides an historical overview of how communities dealt with previous epidemics in South Africa and analyses how COVID-19 disrupted the lives of people with the preventative measures and changes that were implemented by the government. Social constructivism is a theory that emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural context in shaping individuals' understanding of the world. Social constructivism theory is employed to frame the investigation of narratives of COVID-19 and is based on qualitative data collected through in-depth telephonic individual interviews. The data reveals that participants’ perceptions and narratives of diseases are shaped and influenced by their experiences and knowledge of the same. The findings confirm that the two different age groups of participants have distinct perspectives of COVID-19. Older participants rely on their past experiences of diseases, while younger participants form their understanding through mainstream and social media. This study further examines the inadequacy of healthcare system preparedness in South Africa to adequately address the onset of infectious diseases. Furthermore, this investigation unveils the way preventive measures against COVID-19 imposed inconvenience upon individuals' daily lives and overall lifestyles. These measures included curfews, a limitation on crowd size in public spaces vii such as markets, and the prohibition of alcohol consumption. Individuals who were reliant on the alcohol industry as their primary source of income were adversely affected. African traditional practices were also impacted, as burial custom alterations resulted. Lastly, the study illuminates that the acceptance and uptake of vaccinations was influenced by vaccine hesitancy, with social media serving as a prominent conduit for the proliferation of conspiracy theories in the context of COVID-19. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Andries, Siyanda
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Coronavirus Disease--Eastern Cape--South Africa , Vaccination--Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63243 , vital:73240
- Description: The emergence of COVID-19 triggered a global health crisis that not only took many lives but disrupted economies, strained healthcare systems, and impacted social relations globally. KwaNobuhle township in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa falls under the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. This municipality experienced some of South Africa’s highest COVID-19 fatalities, with the lowest levels of testing, active cases and hospitalisation in the country. This study investigates the narratives about COVID-19 prevention measures in KwaNobuhle. Primarily, it seeks to reveal how young and elderly peoples’ perceptions about COVID-19 influenced their compliance with prevention measures such as lockdown, testing and self-admission to hospital when sick. Fifteen residents of KwaNobuhle, who identify as Black people between 18 and 30 years and 50 and 65 years, were recruited as participants in this study. The two groups of study participants were recruited in order to enable an investigation into intergenerational narratives about infectious disease. In this study, Intergenerational narratives encompass stories, beliefs, and cultural traditions that transmit values, historical experiences, and a shared sense of identity, fostering connections between generations. This study provides an historical overview of how communities dealt with previous epidemics in South Africa and analyses how COVID-19 disrupted the lives of people with the preventative measures and changes that were implemented by the government. Social constructivism is a theory that emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural context in shaping individuals' understanding of the world. Social constructivism theory is employed to frame the investigation of narratives of COVID-19 and is based on qualitative data collected through in-depth telephonic individual interviews. The data reveals that participants’ perceptions and narratives of diseases are shaped and influenced by their experiences and knowledge of the same. The findings confirm that the two different age groups of participants have distinct perspectives of COVID-19. Older participants rely on their past experiences of diseases, while younger participants form their understanding through mainstream and social media. This study further examines the inadequacy of healthcare system preparedness in South Africa to adequately address the onset of infectious diseases. Furthermore, this investigation unveils the way preventive measures against COVID-19 imposed inconvenience upon individuals' daily lives and overall lifestyles. These measures included curfews, a limitation on crowd size in public spaces vii such as markets, and the prohibition of alcohol consumption. Individuals who were reliant on the alcohol industry as their primary source of income were adversely affected. African traditional practices were also impacted, as burial custom alterations resulted. Lastly, the study illuminates that the acceptance and uptake of vaccinations was influenced by vaccine hesitancy, with social media serving as a prominent conduit for the proliferation of conspiracy theories in the context of COVID-19. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
An architecture for feedback-driven learning analytics
- Authors: Winfield, Philip John
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Educational statistics -- Data processing , Education -- Research -- Statistical methods , Teacher-student relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62744 , vital:72935
- Description: Feedback from students provides an opportunity to gain insights into students’ learning behaviour and participation in higher education learning and teaching. Academic staff are expected to constantly review and improve the learning and teaching environment where feedback contributes vital information toward pedagogical decision-making. Reviewing student feedback is essential but time-consuming, making it crucial to explore more effective and efficient ways to analyse and present feedback that encourages intervention and support. The general design science research evaluation pattern guided the construction and evaluation of a Feedback-Driven Architecture (FDA) for Learning Analytics (LA) to address this problem. An FDA implementation using a suitable case demonstrated each component validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design. The components identified for inclusion in the FDA were integrated within layers of a three-tiered architecture pattern. The data layer incorporates the collection, preparation and storage of learning management system data which includes free-form narrative student feedback. The application layer contains logic to support the analysis of free-form narrative student feedback and extraction of learning analytics. Arrangement and visualisation of information in the presentation layer aim to promote appropriate intervention and support. Evaluation using a case study showed that the FDA provided necessary guidelines for developing an implementation that produced feedbackdriven learning analytics. Data preparation transformed unstructured data into a suitable representation for effective analysis. Cohorts within narrative feedback responses were identified using the k-means clustering algorithm and latent Dirichlet allocation. Logistic regression and support vector machines were applied as predictive models and trained using extracted quantitative markers to predict academic success. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Winfield, Philip John
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Educational statistics -- Data processing , Education -- Research -- Statistical methods , Teacher-student relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62744 , vital:72935
- Description: Feedback from students provides an opportunity to gain insights into students’ learning behaviour and participation in higher education learning and teaching. Academic staff are expected to constantly review and improve the learning and teaching environment where feedback contributes vital information toward pedagogical decision-making. Reviewing student feedback is essential but time-consuming, making it crucial to explore more effective and efficient ways to analyse and present feedback that encourages intervention and support. The general design science research evaluation pattern guided the construction and evaluation of a Feedback-Driven Architecture (FDA) for Learning Analytics (LA) to address this problem. An FDA implementation using a suitable case demonstrated each component validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design. The components identified for inclusion in the FDA were integrated within layers of a three-tiered architecture pattern. The data layer incorporates the collection, preparation and storage of learning management system data which includes free-form narrative student feedback. The application layer contains logic to support the analysis of free-form narrative student feedback and extraction of learning analytics. Arrangement and visualisation of information in the presentation layer aim to promote appropriate intervention and support. Evaluation using a case study showed that the FDA provided necessary guidelines for developing an implementation that produced feedbackdriven learning analytics. Data preparation transformed unstructured data into a suitable representation for effective analysis. Cohorts within narrative feedback responses were identified using the k-means clustering algorithm and latent Dirichlet allocation. Logistic regression and support vector machines were applied as predictive models and trained using extracted quantitative markers to predict academic success. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Assessing land degradation and the effectiveness of calcrete bontveld rehabilitation in a grassridge PPC cement mining area using multi-sensor remotely sensed data and machine learning techniques
- Authors: Mpisane, Khanyisa
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Land degradation -- South Africa , Environmental degradation , Mines and mineral resources -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62527 , vital:72821
- Description: This study uses multi-temporal remote sensing data to spatially visualise and quantify land degradation due to mining as well as Calcrete Bontveld rehabilitation at the Grassridge PPC Cement mine, Gqeberha formerly known as Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Botanical field data is also used to verify the suasses of rehabilitation in the area. SPOT-6 and Landsat multi-spectral images were compared, and Support Vector Machine and Random Forest algorithms were used for classification in order to determine which yields more accurate results for a limestone mine. Support Vector Machine analysis using SPOT-6 images yielded the best results. This was due to the high spatial resolution of SPOT-6 compared to Landsat and Support Vector Machine classifier was able to classify images with fewer training points compared to Random Forest. The spatio-temporal land cover change at the mine was then determined between the years 2000, 2015 and 2020. Land cover classification is useful for monitoring land degradation and, in this case, was able to show the extent of rehabilitation success. For the year 2020, a 17% area was rehabilitated; however, the algorithm could not distinguish between unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix and rehabilitation sites that were older than five years. The performed change detection also showed that 29.50% of unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix had changed to “mature rehabilitation” (rehabilitation sites older than five years). Again, for this percentage in some areas the algorithm could not distinguish between the unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix and rehabilitation sites that were older than five years due to high similarities between the two land cover types. Area changes of the different land cover classes could also be used to demonstrate how rehabilitation areas have matured over time and lead to the conclusion that most of the Calcrete Bontveld which was mined, has over the years been successfully rehabilitated. Vegetation analysis was conducted to further validate the rehabilitation success of Calcrete Bontveld matrix. Multivariant Detrended Correspondent Analysis showed that rehabilitation sites which were younger than five years (2–year-old rehabilitation plots that were sampled) had great dissimilarity to the natural unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix and that rehabilitation sites older than five years, in this case 16–years older, had high similarity and resemblance to natural unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix and therefore could be considered as being mature. This was a more definitive assessment as it considers all aspects of the vegetation. Species cover and species richness also showed that Calcrete Bontveld matrix rehabilitation sites which have been rehabilitated for more than 5 years had greater similarity to natural unmined vegetation compared to areas that have been rehabilitated for less than five years. This study, therefore, demonstrates that due to the high similarity between mature rehabilitation sites and unmined Calcrete Bontveld, rehabilitation has been successful. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Mpisane, Khanyisa
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Land degradation -- South Africa , Environmental degradation , Mines and mineral resources -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62527 , vital:72821
- Description: This study uses multi-temporal remote sensing data to spatially visualise and quantify land degradation due to mining as well as Calcrete Bontveld rehabilitation at the Grassridge PPC Cement mine, Gqeberha formerly known as Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Botanical field data is also used to verify the suasses of rehabilitation in the area. SPOT-6 and Landsat multi-spectral images were compared, and Support Vector Machine and Random Forest algorithms were used for classification in order to determine which yields more accurate results for a limestone mine. Support Vector Machine analysis using SPOT-6 images yielded the best results. This was due to the high spatial resolution of SPOT-6 compared to Landsat and Support Vector Machine classifier was able to classify images with fewer training points compared to Random Forest. The spatio-temporal land cover change at the mine was then determined between the years 2000, 2015 and 2020. Land cover classification is useful for monitoring land degradation and, in this case, was able to show the extent of rehabilitation success. For the year 2020, a 17% area was rehabilitated; however, the algorithm could not distinguish between unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix and rehabilitation sites that were older than five years. The performed change detection also showed that 29.50% of unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix had changed to “mature rehabilitation” (rehabilitation sites older than five years). Again, for this percentage in some areas the algorithm could not distinguish between the unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix and rehabilitation sites that were older than five years due to high similarities between the two land cover types. Area changes of the different land cover classes could also be used to demonstrate how rehabilitation areas have matured over time and lead to the conclusion that most of the Calcrete Bontveld which was mined, has over the years been successfully rehabilitated. Vegetation analysis was conducted to further validate the rehabilitation success of Calcrete Bontveld matrix. Multivariant Detrended Correspondent Analysis showed that rehabilitation sites which were younger than five years (2–year-old rehabilitation plots that were sampled) had great dissimilarity to the natural unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix and that rehabilitation sites older than five years, in this case 16–years older, had high similarity and resemblance to natural unmined Calcrete Bontveld matrix and therefore could be considered as being mature. This was a more definitive assessment as it considers all aspects of the vegetation. Species cover and species richness also showed that Calcrete Bontveld matrix rehabilitation sites which have been rehabilitated for more than 5 years had greater similarity to natural unmined vegetation compared to areas that have been rehabilitated for less than five years. This study, therefore, demonstrates that due to the high similarity between mature rehabilitation sites and unmined Calcrete Bontveld, rehabilitation has been successful. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Assessing the effectiveness of smart solutions on potable water in rural areas within Ngqushwa local municipality
- Authors: Fodo, Portia Noluthando
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Potable water -- tap water , water infrastructure
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63298 , vital:73245
- Description: Providing potable water is a critical reposition towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. In addition, the use of smart solutions facilitates towards guaranteeing smart cities aligned with SDG11 which is aimed at making cities and human settlements inclusive, secure, resilient and viable. Access to potable water is a challenging issue in most rural areas as these areas were affected by the Apartheid regime where services were distributed according to the colour of the skin. In rural areas where many black people reside, the challenge of service delivery still exists. Ngqushwa Municipality is faced with several trials in the management of water, including water scarcity, lack of water infrastructure as well as illegal water connections. Despite more than 25 years of democracy, rural dwellers in Ngqushwa Municipality still suffer from a deficiency of access to potable water, which results in other health problems, such as Cholera. This study was aimed at assessing the role of smart solutions in the effective management of potable water in rural areas in Ngqushwa Local Municipality. The objectives to be achieved include identification of the policies that support the implementation of smart solutions in the provision of potable water in Ngqushwa Local Municipality, as well as determining the opportunities and challenges associated with smart solutions in the delivery of potable water. Moreover, identifying the existing difficulties affecting the execution of smart solutions in the delivery of potable water, along with developing recommendations on how smart solutions can effectively be put into operation in rural areas to control water. A qualitative research approach was applied as the chosen research methodology most appropriate to achieving the objectives of the research study. Data was collected using secondary sources and was analysed using thematic content analysis. The study revealed that opportunities available include accurate billing, smart metering and information availability. Furthermore, the obstacles included capacity constraints, cost factors and resistance to change. The investigation recommended, inter alia, that the municipality should accurately train its employees on matters relating to change management and establish effective debt controlling mechanisms to enhance water supervision in rural areas. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Fodo, Portia Noluthando
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Potable water -- tap water , water infrastructure
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63298 , vital:73245
- Description: Providing potable water is a critical reposition towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. In addition, the use of smart solutions facilitates towards guaranteeing smart cities aligned with SDG11 which is aimed at making cities and human settlements inclusive, secure, resilient and viable. Access to potable water is a challenging issue in most rural areas as these areas were affected by the Apartheid regime where services were distributed according to the colour of the skin. In rural areas where many black people reside, the challenge of service delivery still exists. Ngqushwa Municipality is faced with several trials in the management of water, including water scarcity, lack of water infrastructure as well as illegal water connections. Despite more than 25 years of democracy, rural dwellers in Ngqushwa Municipality still suffer from a deficiency of access to potable water, which results in other health problems, such as Cholera. This study was aimed at assessing the role of smart solutions in the effective management of potable water in rural areas in Ngqushwa Local Municipality. The objectives to be achieved include identification of the policies that support the implementation of smart solutions in the provision of potable water in Ngqushwa Local Municipality, as well as determining the opportunities and challenges associated with smart solutions in the delivery of potable water. Moreover, identifying the existing difficulties affecting the execution of smart solutions in the delivery of potable water, along with developing recommendations on how smart solutions can effectively be put into operation in rural areas to control water. A qualitative research approach was applied as the chosen research methodology most appropriate to achieving the objectives of the research study. Data was collected using secondary sources and was analysed using thematic content analysis. The study revealed that opportunities available include accurate billing, smart metering and information availability. Furthermore, the obstacles included capacity constraints, cost factors and resistance to change. The investigation recommended, inter alia, that the municipality should accurately train its employees on matters relating to change management and establish effective debt controlling mechanisms to enhance water supervision in rural areas. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Assessing the effectiveness of the planning, utilisation and implementation of the electronic human resource management strategy: a case of the department of home affairs in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Dyan, Margaret Nombuyiselo
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Personnel management , Home Affairs -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63287 , vital:73244
- Description: This study assessed the effectiveness of planning, implementing and utilising the electronic human resource management (e-HRM) strategy within the King William’s Town (KWT) Department of Home Affairs (DHA) in the Eastern Cape Province (EC) of South Africa (SA). E-HRM emerged because of the advent of technology. Many organisations use information technology to optimise the performance of both the employees and the organisation. Thus, this technology has been incorporated into organisations’ human resource functions, taking advantage of the latest technology to deliver an online real-time human resource management (HRM) solution. Therefore, this study sought to assess the e-HRM strategy's effectiveness within the KWT DHA. The technology acceptance model was adopted as a theoretical framework for the study to explain the adoption of the e-HRM strategy. A qualitative research approach using a case study research design was used for this study. Non-probability purposive sampling and convenience sampling were used to identify participants for the study. These participants provided the information needed to answer the research questions. The data was collected using in-depth interviews with the participants. The data was then analysed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s guidelines (2006). The study results revealed that implementing the e-HRM strategy within KWT DHA proves to be effective and efficient. The strategy’s implementation has been associated with improved performance of the KWT DHA in the Eastern Cape. It also saves time and ensures that HR information is accessed easily. The study also found barriers to the planning, implementation and utilisation of the e-HRM strategy, including a lack of skills and knowledge and resource constraints. The study also found that the current e-HRM policies are not fully functional. The study recommends continuous personnel training regarding the strategy, maximising the use of the e-HRM strategy and addressing the resource challenges. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Dyan, Margaret Nombuyiselo
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Personnel management , Home Affairs -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63287 , vital:73244
- Description: This study assessed the effectiveness of planning, implementing and utilising the electronic human resource management (e-HRM) strategy within the King William’s Town (KWT) Department of Home Affairs (DHA) in the Eastern Cape Province (EC) of South Africa (SA). E-HRM emerged because of the advent of technology. Many organisations use information technology to optimise the performance of both the employees and the organisation. Thus, this technology has been incorporated into organisations’ human resource functions, taking advantage of the latest technology to deliver an online real-time human resource management (HRM) solution. Therefore, this study sought to assess the e-HRM strategy's effectiveness within the KWT DHA. The technology acceptance model was adopted as a theoretical framework for the study to explain the adoption of the e-HRM strategy. A qualitative research approach using a case study research design was used for this study. Non-probability purposive sampling and convenience sampling were used to identify participants for the study. These participants provided the information needed to answer the research questions. The data was collected using in-depth interviews with the participants. The data was then analysed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s guidelines (2006). The study results revealed that implementing the e-HRM strategy within KWT DHA proves to be effective and efficient. The strategy’s implementation has been associated with improved performance of the KWT DHA in the Eastern Cape. It also saves time and ensures that HR information is accessed easily. The study also found barriers to the planning, implementation and utilisation of the e-HRM strategy, including a lack of skills and knowledge and resource constraints. The study also found that the current e-HRM policies are not fully functional. The study recommends continuous personnel training regarding the strategy, maximising the use of the e-HRM strategy and addressing the resource challenges. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, practices and the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Sarah Baartman District, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mrwebi, Sisanda
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Intestinal parasites , Knowledge Attitudes and Practices , transmitted helminths
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62924 , vital:73070
- Description: ntestinal parasites also known as parasitic worms are one of the common water, soil and feacal transmitted infections of public importance in the world. This study evaluated the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of public workers comprising EPWP and CWP general workers on intestinal parasites in a selected municipality in the study area . Additionally, using secondary data, the researcher established the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Sarah Baartman District Municipality (SBDM) from 2012 to 2020. Method: The study made use of a quantitative, cross-sectional research design resembling a study by S.D. Hambury .A structured questionnaire, closed-ended, telephonically-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 160 Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) and Community Work Programme (CWP) general workers. Data on the prevalence was obtained from the SBDM National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS). Data was analysed using both inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 16.1, inferential statistics tests used were Chi2 square tests and p-value tests. Descriptive statistic tests used included frequency distributions, percentage, cumulative percent, and valid percent. Results: The participants’ overall awareness, attitudes and practices of the study were poor, 64.4% of the study participants had the correct knowledge about intestinal parasite infections. The age of study participants and who the participants thought was at risk of being infected by intestinal parasites had a non significant relationship (p>0.05). Gender and the responses to who is at risk of getting infected with intestinal parasites had a statistically significant (p<0.05) relationship. Intestinal parasite prevalence from 2012 to 2020 in SBDM was 46.37% which means it was close to half of the sampled population. Males had the highest prevalence as compared to females, with a prevalence of 53.1% xvi in males and 46.9% in females. The highest disease infection was found between ages one and six years. Conclusion: The researcher concluded that the overall awareness, attitudes and practices on intestinal parasites in SBDM were poor. The intestinal parasites present in SBDM were Cytoisospora belli (35.4%) and Giardia lamblia (35.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (17.7%), Trichuris trichiura (3%), and Taenia species (2%). The study also revealed that the prevalence of intestinal parasites was low from 2012 to 2020. Recommendations were made with an emphasis on education to increase disease prevention and control awareness. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Mrwebi, Sisanda
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Intestinal parasites , Knowledge Attitudes and Practices , transmitted helminths
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62924 , vital:73070
- Description: ntestinal parasites also known as parasitic worms are one of the common water, soil and feacal transmitted infections of public importance in the world. This study evaluated the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of public workers comprising EPWP and CWP general workers on intestinal parasites in a selected municipality in the study area . Additionally, using secondary data, the researcher established the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Sarah Baartman District Municipality (SBDM) from 2012 to 2020. Method: The study made use of a quantitative, cross-sectional research design resembling a study by S.D. Hambury .A structured questionnaire, closed-ended, telephonically-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 160 Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) and Community Work Programme (CWP) general workers. Data on the prevalence was obtained from the SBDM National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS). Data was analysed using both inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 16.1, inferential statistics tests used were Chi2 square tests and p-value tests. Descriptive statistic tests used included frequency distributions, percentage, cumulative percent, and valid percent. Results: The participants’ overall awareness, attitudes and practices of the study were poor, 64.4% of the study participants had the correct knowledge about intestinal parasite infections. The age of study participants and who the participants thought was at risk of being infected by intestinal parasites had a non significant relationship (p>0.05). Gender and the responses to who is at risk of getting infected with intestinal parasites had a statistically significant (p<0.05) relationship. Intestinal parasite prevalence from 2012 to 2020 in SBDM was 46.37% which means it was close to half of the sampled population. Males had the highest prevalence as compared to females, with a prevalence of 53.1% xvi in males and 46.9% in females. The highest disease infection was found between ages one and six years. Conclusion: The researcher concluded that the overall awareness, attitudes and practices on intestinal parasites in SBDM were poor. The intestinal parasites present in SBDM were Cytoisospora belli (35.4%) and Giardia lamblia (35.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (17.7%), Trichuris trichiura (3%), and Taenia species (2%). The study also revealed that the prevalence of intestinal parasites was low from 2012 to 2020. Recommendations were made with an emphasis on education to increase disease prevention and control awareness. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Characterization of the coastal Aquifer of Gqeberha, South Africa : Developing a conceptual understanding
- Authors: Vandala, Bamanye
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Aquifers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Groundwater ecology , Hydrogeology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62710 , vital:72932
- Description: The aquifer systems in Gqeberha are poorly understood due to a lack of groundwater studies within the area, and this is particularly the case for the coastal aquifer of Gqeberha. Amidst the water crisis the city is currently facing, groundwater has become crucial, with over 1000 boreholes reportedly drilled in the coastal area, most of which are residential. This has resulted in the need to conduct more groundwater studies in the area and in Nelson Mandela Bay. This study presents a detailed hydrogeological characterization of the coastal aquifer of Gqeberha. This was achieved through the use of different techniques, which include field mapping, geophysics, hydrochemistry, and pumping test analysis. The work was done on the coastal seeps of the Algoa Group Formation and the fractured aquifer of the Peninsula Formation. The results through mapping indicated an abundance of folds, faults, and fractures which all have implications for groundwater flow. The majority of fractures are striking in the NE-SW and NW-SE directions. The pumping test analysis also indicated fractal flow with significant matrix flow resulting in a dual porosity system up to at least 200m in depth. The transmissivity and storativity values range from 6.78 – 44.5 m2/day and 0.0172 – 0.0325, respectively. This is highly dependent on the fracture interconnectivity, which varies across the area and is higher at shallow depths, as suggested by the geophysical profiles. Geophysical profiles indicate that the contact between the Algoa Group Formations and the Peninsula Formation results in coastal seeps due to the difference in hydraulic conductivities. The hydrochemical analysis suggests that the seeps generally have Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl water types. The groundwater in the eastern area has a Ca-HCO3 water type, and the groundwater in the western region has a Ca-Mg-Cl water type, with the Chelsea-Noordhoek Fault system separating the two groundwater signatures. Groundwater at greater depths has a Na-Cl water type with higher TDS values. The chemical signatures seen are due to external factors, which include sea sprays, anthropogenic activities, rock-water processes, and possibly connate water in the Peninsula Formation aquifer. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the present conditions of the aquifer in Gqeberha. This research serves as a foundational study that can provide a baseline for future hydrogeological investigations in the area. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Vandala, Bamanye
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Aquifers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Groundwater ecology , Hydrogeology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62710 , vital:72932
- Description: The aquifer systems in Gqeberha are poorly understood due to a lack of groundwater studies within the area, and this is particularly the case for the coastal aquifer of Gqeberha. Amidst the water crisis the city is currently facing, groundwater has become crucial, with over 1000 boreholes reportedly drilled in the coastal area, most of which are residential. This has resulted in the need to conduct more groundwater studies in the area and in Nelson Mandela Bay. This study presents a detailed hydrogeological characterization of the coastal aquifer of Gqeberha. This was achieved through the use of different techniques, which include field mapping, geophysics, hydrochemistry, and pumping test analysis. The work was done on the coastal seeps of the Algoa Group Formation and the fractured aquifer of the Peninsula Formation. The results through mapping indicated an abundance of folds, faults, and fractures which all have implications for groundwater flow. The majority of fractures are striking in the NE-SW and NW-SE directions. The pumping test analysis also indicated fractal flow with significant matrix flow resulting in a dual porosity system up to at least 200m in depth. The transmissivity and storativity values range from 6.78 – 44.5 m2/day and 0.0172 – 0.0325, respectively. This is highly dependent on the fracture interconnectivity, which varies across the area and is higher at shallow depths, as suggested by the geophysical profiles. Geophysical profiles indicate that the contact between the Algoa Group Formations and the Peninsula Formation results in coastal seeps due to the difference in hydraulic conductivities. The hydrochemical analysis suggests that the seeps generally have Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl water types. The groundwater in the eastern area has a Ca-HCO3 water type, and the groundwater in the western region has a Ca-Mg-Cl water type, with the Chelsea-Noordhoek Fault system separating the two groundwater signatures. Groundwater at greater depths has a Na-Cl water type with higher TDS values. The chemical signatures seen are due to external factors, which include sea sprays, anthropogenic activities, rock-water processes, and possibly connate water in the Peninsula Formation aquifer. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the present conditions of the aquifer in Gqeberha. This research serves as a foundational study that can provide a baseline for future hydrogeological investigations in the area. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Chemical analysis and biological activities of crude extracts and essential oil of selected medicinal plants from the Eastern Cape, South Africa, and Volta Region of Ghana
- Authors: Agbo, Irene Adzo
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Medicinal plants , Lantana camara , Peptic ulcer -- Treatment , Traditional medicine - South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Traditional medicine -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62431 , vital:72728
- Description: Lantana camara and Khaya grandifoliola extracts are among many plants found traditionally effective for the treatment of wounds and ulcers. This study assessed the phytochemical content, isolation and identification of single compounds from methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Lantana camara and Khaya grandifoliola. Further, the bioactivity testing including antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytoxicity of the extracts was done to confirm the wound healing potential discovered by the traditional healers. Materials and methods: Extraction was done successively using maceration method with 100 % ethyl acetate and 100 % methanol with a biomass-to-solvent ratio of 1:3 (w/v) to obtain L. camara ethyl acetate extracts of berry (ELB), flower (ELF) and leaf (ELL) and methanol extracts of MLB, MLF, MLL and K. grandifoliola ethyl acetate extracts of leaf (EKL), root (EKR) and stem bark (EKSB) and methanol extracts of MKL, MKR, MKSB respectively. L. camara leaf essential oil (EO) was extracted using the hydro-distillation method with a Clevenger apparatus. Total phytochemical content was assessed for each extract using spectrophotometric methods and a calibration curve of standards: bromocresol green method with atropine; Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method with gallic acid, aluminium chloride colorimetric method with quercetin and concentrated sulphuric acid chloroform with linalool for total alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid contents respectively. Single compound isolation and purification was conducted using chromatographic techniques. Elucidation of single compounds was done using spectrometric method, high resolution- mass spectrometry, and one and two-dimensional (1D and 2D)-NMR. Stereochemistry of each compound was confirmed using electronic circular dichroism spectra. A Crystalline compound was identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction using CuKα-radiation. In vitro bioactivities were assessed with methods such as 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, free radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and 96-well plate micro dilution for cytotoxicity, ant-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity testing. Results: Methanol extracts of both plants retained high phytochemical concentrations of all the phytoconstituents investigated compared with the ethyl acetate extracts which retained lower concentrations. The results of the L. camara methanol extracts include; total alkaloid content (TAC) (2.05±0.18, 1.87±1.54 and 2.60±1.10 mg AEQ/100 mg); total phenolic content (TPC) (14.05±4.04, 34.59±3.01 and 18.58±1.87 mg GAEQ/100 mg); the total flavonoid content(TFC) of flower (12.45±1.87, 20.41±2.69 and mg QEQ/100 mg); total terpenoids (TTC) (20.74±2.34, 20.74±2.34 and 15.97±1.19 mg LIN EQ/100mg) of MLB, MLF and MLL respectively. Whereas that of the K. grandifoliola methanol extracts include; TAC (7.32±0.14,8.49±0.34, 10.67±0.22 mg AEQ/100 mg); TPC (37.49±1.40, 44.41±0.69, 53.57±1.50 mgGAEQ/100 mg); TFC (6.54±0.55, 9.58±0.89 and 10.26±0.92 mg QEQ/100 mg); TTC(10.16±1.41, 35.78±2.14 and 23.45±1.76 mg LIN EQ/100mg) of MKL, MKR and MKSB respectively. The major components of essential oil, out of the 71 constituents identified include Davanone D (32.91 %), Caryophyllene (5.07 %), Nerolidol 2 (3.56 %) and GermacreneD (3.13 %). Compounds 3.47 was isolated from the methanol extract of L. camara flowers. This compound is reported for the first time from the L. camara flower extract. Two compounds, compounds 4.23, and 4.26, were isolated from the methanol extract of K. grandifoliola roots, compound 4.22 was isolated from the ethyl acetate root extract while compounds 4.24 and 4.25 were isolated from the ethyl acetate stem bark extract as isomers in a mixture. Compounds 4.22 and 4.23 are reported from K. grandifoliola root for the first time. The isolated compounds (compounds 3.47 and 4.23) were nontoxic to the Vero cell line and this may contribute to possible stimulation of cell proliferation, promoting wound healing. Cytotoxicity describes extract virulence to Vero cell line. MLF and ELB were found nontoxic even at the highest concentration of 200 μg/mL. The MKSB and MKR, as well as the EKSB were nontoxic. Antioxidant activity results, described by the percentage inhibition in the DPPH assay, showed that MLF and MKSB had the highest antioxidant activities compared with the ascorbic acid standard, with IC50 of 38.68±5.09 and 37.03±11.95 μg/mL for L. camara and K. grandifoliola respectively. ELB exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity inhibiting NO• radical generation in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages at concentration ranging from 50 and 100 μg/mL. EKSB and MKR showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 and 200 μg/ml respectively. ELL and ELF demonstrated potent growth inhibition against S. pyogenes with an MIC value ≤ 0.125 mg/mL, while the MICs of the ELB and MLL were 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL respectively. MKSB and MKR and EKSB extract exhibited an effective growth inhibition against S. aureus with MIC of 1 mg/mL. The growth of S. pyogenes was supressed by both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of all plant parts tested with MIC ranging from 0.25–2 mg/mL. Conclusion: The potent bioactivity shown in the results of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity testing, and the nontoxic singlecompounds of L. camara and K. grandifoliola extracts led to the conclusion that the two plants had wound healing potential. The study therefore confirmed their traditional uses for treatment of wounds. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Agbo, Irene Adzo
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Medicinal plants , Lantana camara , Peptic ulcer -- Treatment , Traditional medicine - South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Traditional medicine -- Ghana
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62431 , vital:72728
- Description: Lantana camara and Khaya grandifoliola extracts are among many plants found traditionally effective for the treatment of wounds and ulcers. This study assessed the phytochemical content, isolation and identification of single compounds from methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Lantana camara and Khaya grandifoliola. Further, the bioactivity testing including antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytoxicity of the extracts was done to confirm the wound healing potential discovered by the traditional healers. Materials and methods: Extraction was done successively using maceration method with 100 % ethyl acetate and 100 % methanol with a biomass-to-solvent ratio of 1:3 (w/v) to obtain L. camara ethyl acetate extracts of berry (ELB), flower (ELF) and leaf (ELL) and methanol extracts of MLB, MLF, MLL and K. grandifoliola ethyl acetate extracts of leaf (EKL), root (EKR) and stem bark (EKSB) and methanol extracts of MKL, MKR, MKSB respectively. L. camara leaf essential oil (EO) was extracted using the hydro-distillation method with a Clevenger apparatus. Total phytochemical content was assessed for each extract using spectrophotometric methods and a calibration curve of standards: bromocresol green method with atropine; Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method with gallic acid, aluminium chloride colorimetric method with quercetin and concentrated sulphuric acid chloroform with linalool for total alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid contents respectively. Single compound isolation and purification was conducted using chromatographic techniques. Elucidation of single compounds was done using spectrometric method, high resolution- mass spectrometry, and one and two-dimensional (1D and 2D)-NMR. Stereochemistry of each compound was confirmed using electronic circular dichroism spectra. A Crystalline compound was identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction using CuKα-radiation. In vitro bioactivities were assessed with methods such as 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, free radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and 96-well plate micro dilution for cytotoxicity, ant-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity testing. Results: Methanol extracts of both plants retained high phytochemical concentrations of all the phytoconstituents investigated compared with the ethyl acetate extracts which retained lower concentrations. The results of the L. camara methanol extracts include; total alkaloid content (TAC) (2.05±0.18, 1.87±1.54 and 2.60±1.10 mg AEQ/100 mg); total phenolic content (TPC) (14.05±4.04, 34.59±3.01 and 18.58±1.87 mg GAEQ/100 mg); the total flavonoid content(TFC) of flower (12.45±1.87, 20.41±2.69 and mg QEQ/100 mg); total terpenoids (TTC) (20.74±2.34, 20.74±2.34 and 15.97±1.19 mg LIN EQ/100mg) of MLB, MLF and MLL respectively. Whereas that of the K. grandifoliola methanol extracts include; TAC (7.32±0.14,8.49±0.34, 10.67±0.22 mg AEQ/100 mg); TPC (37.49±1.40, 44.41±0.69, 53.57±1.50 mgGAEQ/100 mg); TFC (6.54±0.55, 9.58±0.89 and 10.26±0.92 mg QEQ/100 mg); TTC(10.16±1.41, 35.78±2.14 and 23.45±1.76 mg LIN EQ/100mg) of MKL, MKR and MKSB respectively. The major components of essential oil, out of the 71 constituents identified include Davanone D (32.91 %), Caryophyllene (5.07 %), Nerolidol 2 (3.56 %) and GermacreneD (3.13 %). Compounds 3.47 was isolated from the methanol extract of L. camara flowers. This compound is reported for the first time from the L. camara flower extract. Two compounds, compounds 4.23, and 4.26, were isolated from the methanol extract of K. grandifoliola roots, compound 4.22 was isolated from the ethyl acetate root extract while compounds 4.24 and 4.25 were isolated from the ethyl acetate stem bark extract as isomers in a mixture. Compounds 4.22 and 4.23 are reported from K. grandifoliola root for the first time. The isolated compounds (compounds 3.47 and 4.23) were nontoxic to the Vero cell line and this may contribute to possible stimulation of cell proliferation, promoting wound healing. Cytotoxicity describes extract virulence to Vero cell line. MLF and ELB were found nontoxic even at the highest concentration of 200 μg/mL. The MKSB and MKR, as well as the EKSB were nontoxic. Antioxidant activity results, described by the percentage inhibition in the DPPH assay, showed that MLF and MKSB had the highest antioxidant activities compared with the ascorbic acid standard, with IC50 of 38.68±5.09 and 37.03±11.95 μg/mL for L. camara and K. grandifoliola respectively. ELB exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity inhibiting NO• radical generation in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages at concentration ranging from 50 and 100 μg/mL. EKSB and MKR showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 and 200 μg/ml respectively. ELL and ELF demonstrated potent growth inhibition against S. pyogenes with an MIC value ≤ 0.125 mg/mL, while the MICs of the ELB and MLL were 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL respectively. MKSB and MKR and EKSB extract exhibited an effective growth inhibition against S. aureus with MIC of 1 mg/mL. The growth of S. pyogenes was supressed by both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of all plant parts tested with MIC ranging from 0.25–2 mg/mL. Conclusion: The potent bioactivity shown in the results of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity testing, and the nontoxic singlecompounds of L. camara and K. grandifoliola extracts led to the conclusion that the two plants had wound healing potential. The study therefore confirmed their traditional uses for treatment of wounds. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Dietary assessment of Cape Gannets (Morus capensis) and African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) in Algoa Bay using molecular scatology
- Bowmaker - Falconer, Kezia, Von Der Heyden, Sophie
- Authors: Bowmaker - Falconer, Kezia , Von Der Heyden, Sophie
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Gannets , Gannets -- Food , Sea birds -- South Africa -- Bird Island, Algoa Bay.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62420 , vital:72675
- Description: Seabirds are important marine sentinels, providing valuable information about ecosystem health and condition. Dietary studies of seabirds can inform on ecosystem functioning through identifying the condition and changes occurring in their surrounding environment. Dietary studies are also crucial as they can identify threats that seabirds face. Until recently, the diets of southern African endemic and Endangered Cape Gannets Morus capensis and African Penguins Spheniscus demersus were solely investigated through stomach content analyses, which allows for the identification and quantification of prey remains. To overcome some of the limitations associated with stomach content analysis, stable isotope and fatty acid analyses were proposed. However, these methods still require bird handling and thus impose some stress on the birds. DNA metabarcoding of faecal matter shows promise as a completely noninvasive method for seabird dietary studies. This thesis first examined whether DNA metabarcoding could be used to determine the diet of Cape Gannet and African Penguin breeding in Algoa Bay, South Africa. Then, this method was used to investigate the influence of intrinsic (both seabird species) and extrinsic (African Penguins) factors on the diet of the two seabird species. For the first data chapter, stomach content samples and faecal matter were collected concurrently from breeding Cape Gannets and African Penguins on Bird Island. DNA was successfully extracted from most faecal matter samples and the primers (18S_SSU, 16S_Fish) used for group, taxa and fish prey identification allowed amplification of prey DNA for both study species. A similar piscivorous diet was determined by both dietary methods for Cape Gannets with Sardine Sardinops sagax and Atlantic Saury Scomberesox saurus dominating the diet. Sardine also dominated the African Penguin diet in both dietary methods. In addition, DNA metabarcoding in African Penguins revealed a more diverse diet compared to the one determined by stomach content analysis. This was likely due to the limitations on the allowed number of stomach content samples to be collected for that Endangered species. Non-invasive DNA metabarcoding of faecal matter was then used to investigate whether the diet varied with breeding stages (incubation, chick-rearing) and age classes (chick-rearing adults, chicks) in both seabird species, but also breeding colonies (Algoa Bay: Bird Island, St Croix Island) in African Penguins. DNA metabarcoding revealed that breeding stages influenced the diet of Cape Gannets and African Penguins on Bird Island where prey species diversity was greater for incubating adults. On the contrary, the diet of incubating and chick-rearing penguins on St Croix Island was similar. When comparing the diet of African Penguins between Bird Island and St Croix Island, there was an increased overlap in diet composition between incubating and chick-rearing adults on St Croix Island when compared to Bird Island. Importantly, DNA metabarcoding indicated an increase in fishery interactions in Algoa Bay, particularly for Cape Gannets and the hake Merluccius spp. fishery, where the contribution of hake to chick-rearing adults and chick diet was considerably greater than incubating adult diet. In this study, I showed that DNA metabarcoding of faecal matter provides an opportunity for non-invasive dietary studies in two southern African endemic and Endangered seabird species. Incorporating non-invasive methods as a complement to other dietary methods for monitoring seabird trophic ecology is crucial when considering the worsening status of several seabird species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Bowmaker - Falconer, Kezia , Von Der Heyden, Sophie
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Gannets , Gannets -- Food , Sea birds -- South Africa -- Bird Island, Algoa Bay.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62420 , vital:72675
- Description: Seabirds are important marine sentinels, providing valuable information about ecosystem health and condition. Dietary studies of seabirds can inform on ecosystem functioning through identifying the condition and changes occurring in their surrounding environment. Dietary studies are also crucial as they can identify threats that seabirds face. Until recently, the diets of southern African endemic and Endangered Cape Gannets Morus capensis and African Penguins Spheniscus demersus were solely investigated through stomach content analyses, which allows for the identification and quantification of prey remains. To overcome some of the limitations associated with stomach content analysis, stable isotope and fatty acid analyses were proposed. However, these methods still require bird handling and thus impose some stress on the birds. DNA metabarcoding of faecal matter shows promise as a completely noninvasive method for seabird dietary studies. This thesis first examined whether DNA metabarcoding could be used to determine the diet of Cape Gannet and African Penguin breeding in Algoa Bay, South Africa. Then, this method was used to investigate the influence of intrinsic (both seabird species) and extrinsic (African Penguins) factors on the diet of the two seabird species. For the first data chapter, stomach content samples and faecal matter were collected concurrently from breeding Cape Gannets and African Penguins on Bird Island. DNA was successfully extracted from most faecal matter samples and the primers (18S_SSU, 16S_Fish) used for group, taxa and fish prey identification allowed amplification of prey DNA for both study species. A similar piscivorous diet was determined by both dietary methods for Cape Gannets with Sardine Sardinops sagax and Atlantic Saury Scomberesox saurus dominating the diet. Sardine also dominated the African Penguin diet in both dietary methods. In addition, DNA metabarcoding in African Penguins revealed a more diverse diet compared to the one determined by stomach content analysis. This was likely due to the limitations on the allowed number of stomach content samples to be collected for that Endangered species. Non-invasive DNA metabarcoding of faecal matter was then used to investigate whether the diet varied with breeding stages (incubation, chick-rearing) and age classes (chick-rearing adults, chicks) in both seabird species, but also breeding colonies (Algoa Bay: Bird Island, St Croix Island) in African Penguins. DNA metabarcoding revealed that breeding stages influenced the diet of Cape Gannets and African Penguins on Bird Island where prey species diversity was greater for incubating adults. On the contrary, the diet of incubating and chick-rearing penguins on St Croix Island was similar. When comparing the diet of African Penguins between Bird Island and St Croix Island, there was an increased overlap in diet composition between incubating and chick-rearing adults on St Croix Island when compared to Bird Island. Importantly, DNA metabarcoding indicated an increase in fishery interactions in Algoa Bay, particularly for Cape Gannets and the hake Merluccius spp. fishery, where the contribution of hake to chick-rearing adults and chick diet was considerably greater than incubating adult diet. In this study, I showed that DNA metabarcoding of faecal matter provides an opportunity for non-invasive dietary studies in two southern African endemic and Endangered seabird species. Incorporating non-invasive methods as a complement to other dietary methods for monitoring seabird trophic ecology is crucial when considering the worsening status of several seabird species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Effects of selected natural flavonoids on an optimized insulin resistance induction model on myotubes and hepatocytes in vitro
- Authors: Van de Venter, Ruben
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Flavonoid , Insulin resistance , Myotubes and hepatocytes
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63049 , vital:73085
- Description: Introduction: As the third largest life-threatening non-communicable disease, further research to improve T2DM treatment remains pivotal. The approved insulin sensitizing agents, metformin and thiazolidinediones, although effective, have an array of adverse effects. This leads to the growing need for safer insulin sensitizing agents. Aims: To induce insulin resistance, an insulin resistance induction (IRI) model consisting of palmitic acid (PA), fructose, and dexamethasone (DEX), was optimized. The model was utilized to compare the insulin sensitizing efficacy of chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin. The most effective flavonoid was extrapolated based on the hydroxylation hypothesis and relevant SAR. The flavonoid was combined with metformin to evaluate potential insulin sensitizing synergism. Methods: C3A hepatocytes and L6 myotubes were exposed to the IRI models: IR1, IR2, and OIR, for 24 and 48h. Morphological features indicative of insulin resistance were monitored through high-content analysis (HCA). Thereafter, cells were exposed to OIR and concurrently treated with the selected flavonoids. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and lipid accumulation, were once again evaluated through HCA. Subsequently, quercetin was combined with metformin (QM); insulin resistant conditions established through OIR exposure, and QM administered as prophylaxis. The efficacy of QM was determined through changes in phosphorylated-Akt, glucose uptake, and gluconeogenesis. Results: IR1 and IR2 demonstrated excessive potency, whereas OIR consistently generated insulin resistant C3A/L6 cells by increasing OS (↑14%/20%), lipid accumulation (0.7-fold/1.5-fold), and decreasing MMP (↓4%/6%). Of the selected flavonoids, quercetin was most effective at ameliorating each of these parameters. Furthermore, QM demonstrated potential insulin sensitizing synergism, as it improved Akt phosphorylation (Thr308: ↑31%/↑17%; Ser473: ↑29%), glucose uptake (↑10%/ 5%), and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis (15↓%) more effectively compared to monotherapy. Conclusions: OIR is an effective model for the induction of complete early-stage insulin resistance in myotubes and hepatocytes. Quercetin demonstrates exceptional antidiabetic activity due its unique expression of hydroxyl groups. Lastly, QM, comparative to monotherapy, improves insulin sensitivity with enhanced efficacy. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Van de Venter, Ruben
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Flavonoid , Insulin resistance , Myotubes and hepatocytes
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63049 , vital:73085
- Description: Introduction: As the third largest life-threatening non-communicable disease, further research to improve T2DM treatment remains pivotal. The approved insulin sensitizing agents, metformin and thiazolidinediones, although effective, have an array of adverse effects. This leads to the growing need for safer insulin sensitizing agents. Aims: To induce insulin resistance, an insulin resistance induction (IRI) model consisting of palmitic acid (PA), fructose, and dexamethasone (DEX), was optimized. The model was utilized to compare the insulin sensitizing efficacy of chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin. The most effective flavonoid was extrapolated based on the hydroxylation hypothesis and relevant SAR. The flavonoid was combined with metformin to evaluate potential insulin sensitizing synergism. Methods: C3A hepatocytes and L6 myotubes were exposed to the IRI models: IR1, IR2, and OIR, for 24 and 48h. Morphological features indicative of insulin resistance were monitored through high-content analysis (HCA). Thereafter, cells were exposed to OIR and concurrently treated with the selected flavonoids. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and lipid accumulation, were once again evaluated through HCA. Subsequently, quercetin was combined with metformin (QM); insulin resistant conditions established through OIR exposure, and QM administered as prophylaxis. The efficacy of QM was determined through changes in phosphorylated-Akt, glucose uptake, and gluconeogenesis. Results: IR1 and IR2 demonstrated excessive potency, whereas OIR consistently generated insulin resistant C3A/L6 cells by increasing OS (↑14%/20%), lipid accumulation (0.7-fold/1.5-fold), and decreasing MMP (↓4%/6%). Of the selected flavonoids, quercetin was most effective at ameliorating each of these parameters. Furthermore, QM demonstrated potential insulin sensitizing synergism, as it improved Akt phosphorylation (Thr308: ↑31%/↑17%; Ser473: ↑29%), glucose uptake (↑10%/ 5%), and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis (15↓%) more effectively compared to monotherapy. Conclusions: OIR is an effective model for the induction of complete early-stage insulin resistance in myotubes and hepatocytes. Quercetin demonstrates exceptional antidiabetic activity due its unique expression of hydroxyl groups. Lastly, QM, comparative to monotherapy, improves insulin sensitivity with enhanced efficacy. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Evaluating antidiabetic properties of selected African medicinal plants in a cell-based model
- Sirkhotte, Saeedah, Reddy, Shanika
- Authors: Sirkhotte, Saeedah , Reddy, Shanika
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Insulin resistance , Gluconeogenesis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62600 , vital:72827
- Description: The World Health Organisation lists diabetes as one of the major non-communicable diseases affecting the world, and its prevalence is expected to increase rapidly. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by insulin resistance and impaired blood glucose control. T2DM is of growing concern within South Africa, with 10.8% of the population currently diagnosed. The popularity, as well as availability, of traditional plant-based medicine in South Africa, might provide a solution. Antidiabetic potential is commonly tested by in vitro assays, however the methods to test this potential via gluconeogenesis are limited. This project aimed to optimise an in vitro hepatic gluconeogenesis model. In addition, this project aimed to determine the antidiabetic properties of Prunus africana, Hypoxis stellipilis, and Eriocephalus africanus by in vitro analysis. These properties were examined in human hepatoma cells (C3A cell line) and rat pancreatic cells (INS1 cell line) and methods included: cytotoxicity analysis, Amplex® red glucose oxidase assay, antibody staining, gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR, oxidative stress analysis, and calcium signaling for insulin release. Insulin resistance was successfully induced by exposing C3A hepatocarcinoma cells to a combination treatment of 50 μM dexamethasone, 1.25 mM fructose and 0.125 mM palmitic acid for a period of three days. Thereafter, gluconeogenesis was assessed using the Amplex® red glucose oxidase assay. The established model was effective in inducing insulin resistance and upregulating gluconeogenesis. Of the tested plant extracts, H. stellipilis showed the most potential as an antidiabetic treatment. It had low toxicity, significantly decreased hepatic glucose production and reduced the amount of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) and well as PCK gene expression, and reduced lipid content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the C3A cell line. H. stellipilis increased calcium signalling in INS1 rat insulinoma cells, however there was a decrease in expression of genes for insulin and glucose transporter 2 after 6 hr exposure. H. stellipilis appears be beneficial as an antidiabetic treatment. Although antidiabetic studies have been done on other Hypoxis species, this is the first study on the effects of H. stellipilis on gluconeogenesis and diabetes. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Sirkhotte, Saeedah , Reddy, Shanika
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Medicinal plants -- South Africa , Insulin resistance , Gluconeogenesis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62600 , vital:72827
- Description: The World Health Organisation lists diabetes as one of the major non-communicable diseases affecting the world, and its prevalence is expected to increase rapidly. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by insulin resistance and impaired blood glucose control. T2DM is of growing concern within South Africa, with 10.8% of the population currently diagnosed. The popularity, as well as availability, of traditional plant-based medicine in South Africa, might provide a solution. Antidiabetic potential is commonly tested by in vitro assays, however the methods to test this potential via gluconeogenesis are limited. This project aimed to optimise an in vitro hepatic gluconeogenesis model. In addition, this project aimed to determine the antidiabetic properties of Prunus africana, Hypoxis stellipilis, and Eriocephalus africanus by in vitro analysis. These properties were examined in human hepatoma cells (C3A cell line) and rat pancreatic cells (INS1 cell line) and methods included: cytotoxicity analysis, Amplex® red glucose oxidase assay, antibody staining, gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR, oxidative stress analysis, and calcium signaling for insulin release. Insulin resistance was successfully induced by exposing C3A hepatocarcinoma cells to a combination treatment of 50 μM dexamethasone, 1.25 mM fructose and 0.125 mM palmitic acid for a period of three days. Thereafter, gluconeogenesis was assessed using the Amplex® red glucose oxidase assay. The established model was effective in inducing insulin resistance and upregulating gluconeogenesis. Of the tested plant extracts, H. stellipilis showed the most potential as an antidiabetic treatment. It had low toxicity, significantly decreased hepatic glucose production and reduced the amount of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) and well as PCK gene expression, and reduced lipid content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the C3A cell line. H. stellipilis increased calcium signalling in INS1 rat insulinoma cells, however there was a decrease in expression of genes for insulin and glucose transporter 2 after 6 hr exposure. H. stellipilis appears be beneficial as an antidiabetic treatment. Although antidiabetic studies have been done on other Hypoxis species, this is the first study on the effects of H. stellipilis on gluconeogenesis and diabetes. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Experiences of mothers who are on tuberculosis treatment While caring for their children in Nelson Mandela Bay health district
- Authors: Mwadiwa, Chiedza
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Caring experiences -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Tuberculosis treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62935 , vital:73071
- Description: Women and mothers have an important role to play as caregivers of their children. However, mothers are often faced with challenges with fulfilling this important role. Many women value the caring role as a mother over other areas of their lives, and for ill women, such as those with tuberculosis (TB) and those on TB treatment, it can be difficult to relinquish maternal responsibility. Indeed, many mothers in South Africa and other low- and middle-income countries develop TB during pregnancy and postpartum because their immune systems are compromised. For a mother who is chronically ill, carrying out a mother’s caregiving role presents a range of challenges. However, few studies have addressed this problem or explored the experiences of such mothers. The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences of mothers who are on TB treatment while caring for their children in order to establish their support needs and thereby develop recommendations to assist CHWs, nurses and nurse managers at primary healthcare (PHC) clinics to provide optimum care to such women. The Socio-Ecological model was used as the theoretical lens to explore the phenomenon under investigation. A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research design was identified as most suited to respond to the research question. Purposive sampling was used to select both the participants and the clinics in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD) for the purpose of this study. The population was mothers on TB treatment caring for their children (aged five years or younger) who were attending either one of the two of the largest PHC clinics in Sub-district C in the NMBH. Altogether ten mothers on TB treatment caring for their children took part in individual semi-structured interviews conducted telephonically. Ethical clearance was obtained from Nelson Mandela University and permission was obtained from the Department of Health (DoH), district office, operational managers at the respective clinics, and the participants involved in the study. Trustworthiness was enhanced by ensuring credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Ethical principles were upheld throughout the course of this study namely respect for persons, beneficence and justice. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the data was analysed using Tesch’s method of data analysis to identify the themes. Three themes came out of the data, namely: Theme 1: Mothers expressed having to navigate a range of physical and psychosocial challenges while caring for their v children; Theme 2: Mothers struggled to perform motherly roles while on TB treatment; Theme 3: Mothers described their relationships with their family, community members and clinic health practitioners. The experiences of the participants were described using direct quotations from the interviews followed by a literature control used to verify the participants’ experiences. Thereafter, the findings were used to develop recommendations to optimise the care and support of mothers on TB treatment who are caring for their children. Four recommendations were developed: Recommendation 1: Prepare and support mothers with TB to care for themselves and their children; Recommendation 2: Assist CHWs and nurses to care and support mothers with TB and their children; Recommendation 3: Prepare and support family members to support mothers with TB and their children and Recommendation 4: Educate community members regarding the needs of mothers with TB. There is limited existing research on mothers who are on TB treatment while caring for their children. This research study helped to fill this gap, particularly in an urban Eastern Cape context. The findings illustrated mothers’ physical and psychosocial challenges, as well their role-related challenges and finally the challenges related to the various spousal, family, community and clinic relationships that influence their experience of caring for their child while on TB treatment. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Mwadiwa, Chiedza
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Caring experiences -- Nelson Mandela Bay , Tuberculosis treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62935 , vital:73071
- Description: Women and mothers have an important role to play as caregivers of their children. However, mothers are often faced with challenges with fulfilling this important role. Many women value the caring role as a mother over other areas of their lives, and for ill women, such as those with tuberculosis (TB) and those on TB treatment, it can be difficult to relinquish maternal responsibility. Indeed, many mothers in South Africa and other low- and middle-income countries develop TB during pregnancy and postpartum because their immune systems are compromised. For a mother who is chronically ill, carrying out a mother’s caregiving role presents a range of challenges. However, few studies have addressed this problem or explored the experiences of such mothers. The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences of mothers who are on TB treatment while caring for their children in order to establish their support needs and thereby develop recommendations to assist CHWs, nurses and nurse managers at primary healthcare (PHC) clinics to provide optimum care to such women. The Socio-Ecological model was used as the theoretical lens to explore the phenomenon under investigation. A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research design was identified as most suited to respond to the research question. Purposive sampling was used to select both the participants and the clinics in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD) for the purpose of this study. The population was mothers on TB treatment caring for their children (aged five years or younger) who were attending either one of the two of the largest PHC clinics in Sub-district C in the NMBH. Altogether ten mothers on TB treatment caring for their children took part in individual semi-structured interviews conducted telephonically. Ethical clearance was obtained from Nelson Mandela University and permission was obtained from the Department of Health (DoH), district office, operational managers at the respective clinics, and the participants involved in the study. Trustworthiness was enhanced by ensuring credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Ethical principles were upheld throughout the course of this study namely respect for persons, beneficence and justice. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the data was analysed using Tesch’s method of data analysis to identify the themes. Three themes came out of the data, namely: Theme 1: Mothers expressed having to navigate a range of physical and psychosocial challenges while caring for their v children; Theme 2: Mothers struggled to perform motherly roles while on TB treatment; Theme 3: Mothers described their relationships with their family, community members and clinic health practitioners. The experiences of the participants were described using direct quotations from the interviews followed by a literature control used to verify the participants’ experiences. Thereafter, the findings were used to develop recommendations to optimise the care and support of mothers on TB treatment who are caring for their children. Four recommendations were developed: Recommendation 1: Prepare and support mothers with TB to care for themselves and their children; Recommendation 2: Assist CHWs and nurses to care and support mothers with TB and their children; Recommendation 3: Prepare and support family members to support mothers with TB and their children and Recommendation 4: Educate community members regarding the needs of mothers with TB. There is limited existing research on mothers who are on TB treatment while caring for their children. This research study helped to fill this gap, particularly in an urban Eastern Cape context. The findings illustrated mothers’ physical and psychosocial challenges, as well their role-related challenges and finally the challenges related to the various spousal, family, community and clinic relationships that influence their experience of caring for their child while on TB treatment. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Experiences of psychological practitioners when working with Isixhosa speaking minors in the Eastern Cape.
- Authors: Matushe, Masakhane
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: language barriers -- Eastern Cape , Psychological practitioner
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62884 , vital:73062
- Description: Language barriers continue to pose challenges in education and the health sector where psychological assessments and tests are administered in a language that is different from that of the client. The implication this has on the interpretations of test-taker scores may be bias against those whose first language is not English or Afrikaans, which are two of the primary languages majority of the tests currently used in the South Africa are normed against. This study aimed to explore the implications of the current language repertoires on test-taker performance. This was achieved through exploring the experiences of psychological practitioners who use English language psychological tests on isiXhosa speaking child clients in the Eastern Cape. The methodology followed an exploratory-descriptive, qualitative design, adopting Lincoln and Guba's model of trustworthiness. The researcher employed a qualitative method with an exploratory-descriptive research design, and participants were recruited by utilizing a purposive sampling strategy. Thematic analysis was used as a means of data analysis,and the following themes emerged and were discussed: The use of translators & interpreters, and the challenges thereof; practitioner’s own language proficiencies and limitations; cultutral influence and langaage exposure of clients; Adaptation as well as revision of decolonization of testing measures; and training psychological practitioners. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Matushe, Masakhane
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: language barriers -- Eastern Cape , Psychological practitioner
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62884 , vital:73062
- Description: Language barriers continue to pose challenges in education and the health sector where psychological assessments and tests are administered in a language that is different from that of the client. The implication this has on the interpretations of test-taker scores may be bias against those whose first language is not English or Afrikaans, which are two of the primary languages majority of the tests currently used in the South Africa are normed against. This study aimed to explore the implications of the current language repertoires on test-taker performance. This was achieved through exploring the experiences of psychological practitioners who use English language psychological tests on isiXhosa speaking child clients in the Eastern Cape. The methodology followed an exploratory-descriptive, qualitative design, adopting Lincoln and Guba's model of trustworthiness. The researcher employed a qualitative method with an exploratory-descriptive research design, and participants were recruited by utilizing a purposive sampling strategy. Thematic analysis was used as a means of data analysis,and the following themes emerged and were discussed: The use of translators & interpreters, and the challenges thereof; practitioner’s own language proficiencies and limitations; cultutral influence and langaage exposure of clients; Adaptation as well as revision of decolonization of testing measures; and training psychological practitioners. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
Exploring culturally adapted psychological interventions for mental illness in South Africa: A scoping review
- Authors: Mbatha, Andiswa
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Cultural Adaptation , Evidence-Based Treatments
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62898 , vital:73065
- Description: Culturally appropriate interventions are crucial for its universal applicability. Although it is well documented that mental health practitioners need to consider cultural factors when working with clients, there is a paucity of research concerning culturally adapted psychological treatments within South Africa. Mental Health practitioners use borrowed Westernised methods of psychological interventions, whose effectiveness has been proven to work on people with different values and belief systems from those of South Africa. This study sought to map the literature on culturally adapted psychological interventions in the South African context. The main research question of the study is: “According to the literature, what are the culturally adapted psychological interventions available for use in the South African context?” Employing the scoping review methodology, published literature was sourced from various electronic databases. The data is presented in a table format using the thematic framework. The study found that out of 250 records that were retrieved, we identified nine articles describing four distinct interventions in treating three mental illnesses in South Africa. Cognitive behaviour therapy (n = 3), behaviour activation (n=2) mindfulness-based stress reduction (n=2) interpersonal therapy (n=1) and Motivational interviewing (n=1) surfaced as culturally adapted psychological interventions to treat people with depression, trauma and substance use disorder. Improvement in symptoms was a common result of all therapies. The potential benefit of the study is to provide recommendations that will inform further research and clinical practice. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Mbatha, Andiswa
- Date: 2023-12
- Subjects: Cultural Adaptation , Evidence-Based Treatments
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62898 , vital:73065
- Description: Culturally appropriate interventions are crucial for its universal applicability. Although it is well documented that mental health practitioners need to consider cultural factors when working with clients, there is a paucity of research concerning culturally adapted psychological treatments within South Africa. Mental Health practitioners use borrowed Westernised methods of psychological interventions, whose effectiveness has been proven to work on people with different values and belief systems from those of South Africa. This study sought to map the literature on culturally adapted psychological interventions in the South African context. The main research question of the study is: “According to the literature, what are the culturally adapted psychological interventions available for use in the South African context?” Employing the scoping review methodology, published literature was sourced from various electronic databases. The data is presented in a table format using the thematic framework. The study found that out of 250 records that were retrieved, we identified nine articles describing four distinct interventions in treating three mental illnesses in South Africa. Cognitive behaviour therapy (n = 3), behaviour activation (n=2) mindfulness-based stress reduction (n=2) interpersonal therapy (n=1) and Motivational interviewing (n=1) surfaced as culturally adapted psychological interventions to treat people with depression, trauma and substance use disorder. Improvement in symptoms was a common result of all therapies. The potential benefit of the study is to provide recommendations that will inform further research and clinical practice. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12