The implications of indigenisation policy on women empowerment in Zimbabwe : a case study of Mhondoro-Ngezi District
- Authors: Makosa, Precious Tariro
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Zimbabwe -- Economic policy , Women in development -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Development Studies)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12406 , vital:39261
- Description: The study sought to establish how the indigenisation policy solves women discrimination by empowering them through the Community Share Ownership Trust revenue. Literature reveals that Zimbabwe was not the first country to implement the indigenization policy as it was implemented in neighbouring countries. The aim of the policy was to disempower foreign investors and empower local people with the aim of lifting up the standards of the discriminated and less privileged, such as women. Based on the results, the study establishes and concludes that discrimination of women was poorly addressed by the indigenization policy due to some factors such as poor presentation of women in the law-making bodies, patriarchal dominance as well as cultural beliefs that supress women, and lack of clarity on policy objectives. Therefore, a top-down approach was used to address the problem of discrimination faced by women at market place. As a result the approach yielded a negative outcome because empowerment of women without women ideas is impossible. Basic Need Approach (BNA) and Capability Approach (CA) are the two approaches discussed in relation to women and Indigenization, Economic and Empowerment policy in Zimbabwe, with a case reference to Mhondoro-Ngezi district. More preference was given to the capability approach. This was so because it helps to explain the abilities and potential in women as entrepreneurs who produce outcomes to development of society and the nation at large. The study was qualitative in nature of which descriptive research design was employed where semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used as research tools.
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- Date Issued: 2020
Post-violent community protest recovery process (PVCPRP) and service delivery in Gauteng Province: a case of Merafong City Local Municipality
- Authors: Ngada,Leon Simphiwe Hopewell
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Political participation -- South Africa Municipal government -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13859 , vital:39719
- Description: The on-going violent community public protests in most South African municipalities, including Merafong Local City Municipality in Gauteng Province, continue unabated. While community public protests is a democratic right provided for in the Constitution (RSA 1996), the violent nature and persistence thereof at municipal level is a cause for serious concern. The associated violence often results in the destruction of both public and private property, disruptions in economic activities, loss of lives and severe injuries to innocent victims. Since the end of the 5-year of violent community protest in Khutsong in 2009, there has been a surge in post-violent protest recovery processes, reconstruction and service delivery operations. Despite the expertise and funding since 2009, external driven operations have not led to lasting peace and stability, establishment of functioning institutions, eradication of poverty, livelihood improvements, or economic reconstruction and development in the violence-torn municipality. All too often, programmes, policies and solutions were designed and imposed by external actors either because they had worked elsewhere or they were influenced by the political and economic interests of powerful politicians. Furthermore, external actors have tended to assume that local approaches based on the liberal peace framework would be successful wherever its implemented, while ignoring local communities, contexts and knowledge. This exploratory qualitative study based on the Merafong City Local Municipality critically explores and assesses the impact of community engagement during post-violent recovery processes. Moreover, it endeavours to comprehend the strengths and shortcomings of this approach and provide recommendations for future improvement. This is important since socio-economic recovery and economic development are crucial for lasting stability and peace in post-war countries.
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- Date Issued: 2019
A critical analysis of the dynamics of intergovernmental relations in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chakunda, Vincent
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Intergovernmental fiscal relations -- Zimbabwe International relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7979 , vital:31345
- Description: The field of intergovernmental relations (IGR), both from a conceptual and practical perspective presents a contested order in Zimbabwe’s political and public administration discourse, with a fairly long and complex historical and institutional context. The advent of colonialism in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) gave birth to a dualised form of government with a separatist development agenda. The dualistic model of government was anchored on a segregationist centralist ideology that advanced a white supremacist agenda while entrenching underdevelopment in native areas. This was attained through the use of draconic and ingrained racially discriminatory laws, ordinances and policy enactments, inter alia, the 1910 High Commissioner’s Proclamation, the Native Councils Act, the African Councils Act, and the District Councils Act which supported the overriding philosophy of colonialist hegemony. The direct rule policy was used and in practice, administrative, political, judicial and legislative powers were under the purview of the whites. Under this political dispensation, the nature of IGR was typically a master-servant relationship as African institutions had limited policy latitude under the tentacles of race-driven white control over the socio-economic and political space with an exploitative and subservient underpinning. The demise of colonialism and the birth of independent Zimbabwe in 1980 ushered a new political dispensation. The post-independence government embarked on a number of reforms aimed at dismantling the racist undertones of government. These reforms include the expanded decentralization frameworks supported by legislative instruments and policies such as the 1984 Prime Minister’s Directive and the 1996 thirteen principles of decentralization. Other key reforms are the 1996 Urban Councils Act, Chapter 29:15 and the 1988 Rural District Councils Act, Chapter 29:13. However, it is important to note that despite this plethora of legislation and reforms purportedly meant to dismantle racist backed institutional differentiation, the new national government did not depose its excessive control on sub-national governments. It is therefore an insoluble contradiction that the legislation and institutions created in post-independence Zimbabwe promoted the autonomy of sub-national governments while broadening democracy and citizen participation. This era rather presents an aporetic discourse epitomized by the national government’s perfection of colonial dominance approaches through creating legislation and institutions to retain wide and extensive control of sub-national governments. The Global Political Agreement of 2009 culminated into the promulgation of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Number 20 of 2013 with provisions for devolution of power, Provincial and Metropolitan Councils and the enshrinement of Local Government as a tier of government with constitutionally guaranteed autonomy. However, despite these reforms with far reaching implications on the configuration of IGR, the ZANUPF led national government is lethargic in implementing them. This has sparked controversy as these constitutional reforms and their potential to promote an integrated and efficient system of governance may turn out to be a pyrrhic victory. This is so because the necessary legislation anchoring the constitutional reforms may not be created in the foreseeable future as the current national government views devolution, for instance, as tantamount to surrendering political power to sub-national institutions. The purpose of the study was to critically examine the dynamics of intergovernmental relations in Zimbabwe. The overlapping authority model of IGR and the theory of networked governance underpinned the study. A comparative study of IGR was conducted focusing on two federal nations (United States of America) and Nigeria) and two unitary nations (United Kingdom and South Africa). A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used and the sample size was 20 respondents selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis. Key findings of the study reflected on the conception and relevance of IGR in unitary nations in contrast to classical perspectives that restricted the field as a discourse of federalism. The study established that the unitary system of Zimbabwe is anchored on a strong centralist ideology that suffocates the autonomy of sub-national institutions. In the same context, there is absence of political will on the part of the ZANUPF led government to implement crucial constitutional reforms that have a bearing on the configuration of IGR. The study also revealed that political party incongruence is a threat to intergovernmental coordination, integrated planning and collaborative development. Various recommendations were made from the study and these include that national government should expedite the implementation of the Constitution, codification of IGR by way of legislation and rationalization of fiscal transfers and intergovernmental fiscal equalization.
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- Date Issued: 2017
A critical assessment of the institutionalisation of Performance Management Systems in Local Government: a special focus on political office bearers and senior managers in O.R Tambo District Municipality
- Authors: Ndabeni, Mziwonke
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Performance Management System
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11696 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015109 , Performance Management System
- Description: Service delivery is at the centre of South Africa’s developmental local government. Thus with such a high calling to development, local municipalities play an important role in enhancing development in their areas of jurisdiction. In the area under this study, the Local Government Department has initiated Performance Management as a response to the service delivery hardships and as a bottom up approach to socio economic development of their communities. In the view of Performance Management being used as a tool for enhancing Service delivery, the study therefore sought to discover the role that the Performance Management System is playing in the Local Municipality Development of O.R District. It also sought to find out the extent of support that has been afforded by government and other stakeholders within the context of the cooperative governance. To establish this, the researcher employed the quantitative approach guided by a primary research design. The review of primary data allowed for a close assessment of the Performance Management System in detail. Available data on PMS gave an easier task of assessing the impact of PMS in the district and the constraints they have faced so far. The findings from the study revealed that PMS in the district show a great potential for better performance if performance management systems were to be understood by all staff members of the municipality. It has been also observed that they lack information on performance management, proper finance management, and diversification and value addition for their service delivery so as to increase their competitiveness. It is imperative therefore to recommend further training on good Performance management skills and sourcing for employees and understanding new PMS. This form of support will go a long way in ensuring the sustainability of Performance Management System in the O.R. District Municipality. Keywords: Performance Management System, Political office bearers and Senior Manager O.R District.
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- Date Issued: 2014
Assessing the effectiveness of public participation in Integrated Development Planning processes in the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality, Province of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Makhedama, Mputumeni
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015110
- Description: In order to eradicate the legacy of the past, the South African democratic government adopted a developmental approach to local government. This necessitated a commitment on the part of local government, through the Integrated Development Plan (IDP), in facilitating community participation by finding sustainable ways of meeting their social, economic and material needs and improving their quality of life. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of public participation in Integrated Development Planning processes in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality. The objectives of this study were; to identify and assess critical factors that determine the effectiveness of municipal IDP and to assess the effect of poor literacy skills on municipal participatory processes. In this study face-to-face interviews and focus group interviews were used to collect data. The findings revealed that the community had participated only in the first of the five phases of the IDP. The study recommended that the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality should streamline the needs identification and the needs prioritisation phases of the IDP processes so that the community can participate directly. The study also recommended that in order for the community to have an impact on IDP processes, capacity-building workshops be purpose-centred and responsive to any gaps in capacity challenges. The study further recommended that external service providers such as academic institutions should be utilised to capacitate communities to contribute effectively on municipal IDP processes. The study concluded that the municipality had not created an enabling environment for meaningful public participation, and had consequently limited the impact of community engagement on the IDP Guidelines which are proposed for public participation in all the phases of the IDP process.
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- Date Issued: 2014
The effectiveness of centralised human resource management on service delivery: a case of Bedford Hospital, Department of Health, Province of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ncebakazi, Frances Qalase
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11683 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013557
- Description: The Eastern Cape Department of Health centralised Human Resource functions from the facilities to the provincial office. This according to the provincial office was to address the over expenditure on Compensation of employees that was highlighted by the Auditor General report of 2008/2009. The researcher was of the opinion that various issues of concern were over looked by the provincial office before or during the implementation of the centralisation of HRM. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the centralisation of HRM on service delivery in the ECDoH and Bedford hospital. The secondary objective was to find out what centralisation is and its implications. Lastly, to develop recommendations which address the outcomes of the study. Purposive sampling was used to identify key informants from Bedford hospital and the provincial office. Interview questions were used to collect data from both respondents. The study examined both responses and grouped them into themes. The findings did not imply that centralisation does not improve service delivery but have indicated a lack of service delivery focus on the part of the provincial office. The Eastern Cape Department of Health centralised Human Resource functions from the facilities to the provincial office. This according to the provincial office was to address the over expenditure on Compensation of employees that was highlighted by the Auditor General report of 2008/2009. The researcher was of the opinion that various issues of concern were over looked by the provincial office before or during the implementation of the centralisation of HRM. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the centralisation of HRM on service delivery in the ECDoH and Bedford hospital. The secondary objective was to find out what centralisation is and its implications. Lastly, to develop recommendations which address the outcomes of the study. Purposive sampling was used to identify key informants from Bedford hospital and the provincial office. Interview questions were used to collect data from both respondents. The study examined both responses and grouped them into themes. The findings did not imply that centralisation does not improve service delivery but have indicated a lack of service delivery focus on the part of the provincial office. The research has also revealed that amongst the challenges identified, there were those that were key challenges. The researcher was of the opinion that addressing those key generic challenges would minimise all other challenges and improve service delivery. Lack of communication on organisation strategies and lack of Monitoring and Evaluation systems were identified as key challenges that cut across the entire ECDoH. The study has recommended that the provincial office should improve on communication strategies with the facilities whenever decisions are taken. Secondly, to develop M&E systems in order to ensure that performance standards are monitored and evaluated. This according to the researcher would improve service delivery in the ECDoH and Bedford hospital.that were key challenges. The researcher was of the opinion that addressing those key generic challenges would minimise all other challenges and improve service delivery. Lack of communication on organisation strategies and lack of Monitoring and Evaluation systems were identified as key challenges that cut across the entire ECDoH. The study has recommended that the provincial office should improve on communication strategies with the facilities whenever decisions are taken. Secondly, to develop M&E systems in order to ensure that performance standards are monitored and evaluated. This according to the researcher would improve service delivery in the ECDoH and Bedford hospital.
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- Date Issued: 2014
The effectiveness of tender practises in municipal supply chain management: an exploration of two municipalities in Amathole District Municpality in the Eastern Cape province (2009-2012)
- Authors: Ngqase, S A
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1119 , vital:26527
- Description: The tendering process is central to acquisition of public services and goods in all over South Africa. Municipalities and government institutions just like any private institution need to buy products and services in order to perform their functions effectively. But the procurement function has not been an easy one for the government with the tender process being slow and not transparent which can lead to a process of selling invoices taking up to three months, potentially destroying small businesses. The primary objective of the study therefore, is to find the causes of nepotisms, bribery, and corruption in tender practices in the two selected municipalities of the Amathole District and the factors that lead to delayed payments in the tender practices and further makes recommendations on how to eliminate such factors. The study used a mixed method approach research methodology which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and included the two municipalities from the Amathole District Municipality, the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality and Nkonkobe Municipality, and used questionnaires and an interview to collect a data.
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- Date Issued: 2014
The role of intergovernmental relations in municipal integrated development planning: case of Buffalo City Metropolitan municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Vongwe, Pumla Patricia
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1213 , vital:26536
- Description: The primary aim of this study was to assess the role of intergovernmental relations structures in municipal integrated development planning in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. There are three spheres of government in South Africa, which include the national, provincial and local governments. These spheres are modelled to co-operate and support each other through the structures of intergovernmental relations (hereafter referred to as “IGR”). The IGR structures were given an institutional and statutory expression through the Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act 13 of 2005. The IGR structures are a set of formal and informal processes through which bilateral and multi-lateral co-operation can be achieved, thereby ensuring the existence of the three spheres of government. The study asserts that the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality lacks the co-ordination of integrated development planning (IDP) activities to promote proper and efficient service delivery. Section 41 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) (as amended), states that co-operation must establish or provide structures and institutions to promote and facilitate intergovernmental relations, and to provide for appropriate mechanisms and procedures to facilitate the settlement of intergovernmental disputes. The study adopted a mixed-method of research paradigms, in which both qualitative and quantitative research paradigms were utilized to assess the challenges facing the IGR structures at Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (hereafter referred to as “the municipality and BCMM”). The data were collected from a sample of 30 respondents – by carefully using judgmental and snowball sampling. Questionnaires, interviews, and documentary analysis were used as the sources of the data collection. The findings were analyzed, according to the same data collection techniques. The study found that there is legislation and structures to assist the municipality in directing integrated development planning (IDP) activities within the BCMM. The IDP involves a wide range of role players – from both inside and outside the municipality. The IGR structures are in existence; but they are non-performing, according to Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act 13 (2005) (hereafter referred to as “IGRFA”). There is a lack of political commitment in establishing the IGR structures, and a lack of information-sharing, and so forth. The study thus recommends that the BCMM should establish permanent and contractual positions; improve communication and information flow; establish a hierarchy of monitoring and evaluation systems and processes; and forge a strong partnership with the community-based organizations (hereafter referred to as “CBOs”) and the non-governmental organizations (hereafter referred to as “NGOs”). This would ensure that the IDP processes are linked to the councillors’ wards, and that the actions of programmes are known by the role players; thus this would focus on the participation and the co-ordination of the IGR structures.
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- Date Issued: 2014
Exploring the management of information technology funding as a critical aspect of managing teaching and learning : a case study of two schools in the King William's Town Education District
- Authors: Ngcoza, Xoliswa Phyllis
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Information technology--Management Management information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17439 , vital:40968
- Description: Today the term ‘Information Technology’ (IT) is a buzz word globally. It is an indispensable tool in government departments and it enhances management, planning and organisation of all activities in the departments. Information Technology (IT) refers to equipments such as overhead and digital projectors, digital cameras, cell phones, Television recorders, language laboratories, printers, computers and all its components such as different soft wares, hard wares, Central Processing Units (CPU) etc. These machines are teaching aids just like pens, rulers, writing boards etc when they are used by teachers and become learning tools when they are used by learners. It can be argued that IT can be the life blood of management in schools because by using it all the departments in the institutions are managed and co-ordinated easily. The database containing information about the learners, the staff, the subjects offered, the compiling and filing of mark schedules are easily done and are available at any time on request. IT helps in the managing of learning and teaching. The main focus of this study is to explore the management of IT funding as a critical aspect of managing teaching and learning. Today without funds IT use would be impossible. Relevant soft wares for all subjects taught such as Mathematics, Biology, Physical Education Environmental Studies etc are managed and planned by the management of the institutions to enable teachers to teach effectively and efficiently and to make studies easy for the learners to understand and to do research on their own. When the IT equipments are used properly, fast, efficient and effective service delivery would be realized. All these technological tools aforementioned depend on the availability of funds in the institutions.
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- Date Issued: 2013
Implementation challenges to Performance Management System (PMS) in Malawi`S Civil Service: case of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST)
- Authors: Kalowamfumbi, Frank Tisu
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11684 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013563
- Description: The Malawi Government introduced the Performance Management System (hereafter referred to as PMS) in 2008 in an effort to enhance efficiency, effectiveness and productivity in the public service. However, since its introduction there have been indications that the system is encountering a number of challenges which are derailing and obstructing its implementation. This research was aimed at exploring those implementation challenges to PMS in the Malawi Civil Service with a case study of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST). Recommendations are made to the concerned parties for possible improvement in the implementation of PMS. The study took a qualitative approach whereby interviews with key informants, sampled purposively, were conducted in order to get relevant information to the problem. Besides the interviews, a study of official documents was done in accessing secondary data. The overall findings of the studyare that, although PMS plays a significant role in the improvement of productivity in an organisation, the Malawi government in general and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in particular, are failing to implement it effectively due to varying challenges that are generic to the entire Malawi Civil Service and also specific to the MoEST. The generic implementation challenges included: lack of correct understanding of the term performance management, design challenges and inadequate consultation, lack of linkage between rewards and performance, lack of leadership and management commitment, lack of knowledge and skills about the process and procedure of PMS, weak monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system, lack of clear legislation on PMS, lack of communication on organizational strategies,absence of performance standards, inadequate financial resources, attitude problem and social culture, political will not bending on performance and also the nature of the Civil Service. This research identified the following specific implementation challenges in the MoEST: inadequate sensitization and training on PMS, structural arrangements in the Ministry, numerous vacant positions and understaffing, unclear career path, duo lines of reporting, grade of employee determining the criterion of assessment, promotion interviews for teachers rarely happen, under qualified head teachers managing institutions, as well as administrative arrangements and political appointments to positions. The study upon giving recommendations to have the highlighted challenges addressed accordingly with a sense of commitment, concluded that the performance management system in Malawi Civil Service and MoEST in particular , while well-intentioned, is really fraught with numerous challenges that have adversely impacted on its implementation. At the individual level a lot of work has to be done in relation to making PMS being accepted. Most of the employees in the Malawi Civil Service and MoEST have little knowledge or none at all about the system as such effective implementation is failing to take place.
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- Date Issued: 2013
Linking performance management to public perceptions of police effectiveness: a case of Queenstown cluster police stations, Eastern Cape (2009-2011)
- Authors: Mziwonke, Bazel Bibi
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11702 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015148
- Description: This study investigated the relationship between SAPS performance management and measurement assessment patterns and public perceptions of the effectiveness of SAPS. The Performance Management System (PMS) and the Performance Measurement System (PMS1) of SAPS were investigated and it was looked at whether there is a correlation between them. The two internal measurement systems i.e. PMS and PMS1 were compared with the perception of the community about service delivery effectiveness of SAPS. Seven police stations in the Queenstown Cluster participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data from the Cluster Commander, Station Commanders, Production personnel and members of the community. The findings indicated that SAPS has challenges in implementing PMS. Matters of honesty and trust were seen as contributing factors to these challenges. The internal performance management tools do not take into consideration the needs of the community. This transpired on the results of internal performance management which indicated police stations and their members to be performing satisfactory while the community is not satisfied with the police station performance.
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- Date Issued: 2013
The efficacy of coordinating role of the state ministry of cabinet affairs: a case study - Jonglei State, South Sudan
- Authors: Nathan, Alice Tiyo
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11651 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006973
- Description: The research attempts to investigate the effectiveness of coordination in the State Ministry of Cabinet Affairs (SMCA), Jonglei State government, South Sudan. The objectives of the study were to identify coordination functions of the state Ministry of Cabinet Affairs, challenges and its role in promoting ethics and good governance in service delivery in Jonglei State. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected from a sample of twenty one respondents which included the State Deputy Governor, Directors of SMCA and Secretariat through questionnaires and interviews. This explored the functions; roles; and its organizational hierarchy which promotes ethical delivery of services and good governance. The study further discusses the levels of the implementation processes and the possible challenges facing SMCA. The results of the study reveal that the SMCA lacks qualified staff, unclear job descriptions and as a result it impinges on coordination and implementation of strategic plans and service delivery within the directorates. The study therefore recommends that for effective and efficient service delivery in promoting ethics and good governance, training of the human resource, recruitment of competent staff, clear job descriptions, regular performance appraisal and effective communication among others are paramount. The study further recommends that gender equality and equity should be addressed in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the community.
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- Date Issued: 2013