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Black university students’ experiences of negotiating their social identity in a historically white university

- Mogotsi, Opelo Petunia

Authors: Mogotsi, Opelo Petunia
Date: 2018
Subjects: Corporate culture -- South Africa , Social integration -- South Africa , Race discrimination -- South Africa , Segregation in higher education -- South Africa , Group identity -- South Africa , College students, Black -- South Africa , Biko, Steve, 1946-1977 , Fanon, Frantz, 1925-1961
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62416 , vital:28174
Description: This thesis seeks to explore the social identity of black students in a historically white university. Since 1994, South African government has been promulgating pieces of legislation aimed at ensuring racial integration, and indirectly enforcing acculturation in historically white universities. Studies have proven that institutional cultures in historically white universities alienate and exclude black students’ identities. These students’ sense of social identity, which includes amongst others; culture, heritage, language and traditions, and consequently self-esteem and self-concept is altered in these institutions. Research has been scant regarding the shape and form that black students’ identity assume when they get to these spaces. Face to face interviews were used to collect data and thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The Social Identity and the Acculturation models were used to explore the experiences of black students in negotiating their social identities in a historically white university. Evoking Steve Biko’s analysis of ‘artificial integration’, it was illustrated how the ‘integration’ narrative sought to discard the identity of black students and psychologically enforce a simulation of black students into white established identities. The main themes discussed indicated that black students in this study had social identity and identity challenges in a historically white university. This study has implications for policy development as I hope to theoretically sensitize historically white universities to (apart from mere opening of spaces of learning) understand the social identity challenges of black students.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Blending problem-based learning and peer-led team learning, in an open ended ‘home-grown’pharmaceutical chemistry case study

- Sewry, Joyce D, Veale, Clinton G L, Krause, Rui W M

Authors: Sewry, Joyce D , Veale, Clinton G L , Krause, Rui W M
Date: 2018
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/125691 , vital:35809 , https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RP00180K
Description: Pharmaceutical chemistry, medicinal chemistry and the drug discovery process require experienced practitioners to employ reasoned speculation in generating creative ideas, which can be used to evolve promising molecules into drugs. The ever-evolving world of pharmaceutical chemistry requires university curricula that prepare graduates for their role as designers with the capability of applying complex concepts in pharmaceutical chemistry, thereby improving the decision-making process. Common methods of teaching drug discovery, including the linear nature of the traditional case study model, do not provide a realistic picture of the underlying complexity of the process, nor do they equip students with the appropriate tools for personal sense making and abstraction. In this work, we discuss the creation of an open-ended, nonlinear case study for 3rd year pharmaceutical chemistry students, developed from drug discovery research conducted at Rhodes University. Furthermore, we discuss blending problem based learning (PBL) with peer-led team learning (PLTL) in the context of curriculum transformation, underpinned by the theory of semantic waves, to assist students in the early attainment of abstract concepts and answer questions of contextualisation, personal sense making, relatability, relevance and ultimately the skills for lifelong learning.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Blue ring of fire

- O’Flaherty, Craig

Authors: O’Flaherty, Craig
Date: 2018
Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) -- South Africa , South African poetry (English) -- 21st century
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63615 , vital:28448
Description: My poems are reflections of shape, colour and emotions expressed through imagery. Their unsentimental landscape-realism echo my own feelings as well as broader human dimensions of contradiction and uncertainty, without trying to resolve them. In the same way that photography is the art of 'painting with light', my poems seek a language that evokes light and darkness. They aspire to what Keats said when writing about ‘negative capability’: “Poetical character has no self, it is anything and nothing, it has no character and enjoys light and shade”. My poems explore what I have learned about form – how line-length, syntax and musicality can add grace and energy to language. Poets that have influenced me include the classical Chinese poets such as Du Fu and Li Po, and the Generation of 27 Spanish poets, such as Antonio Machado and Leon Felipe.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Bodies, buildings, and borders: navigating the divided nation through contemporary South African and Palestinian art practice

- Baasch, Rachel M

Authors: Baasch, Rachel M
Date: 2018
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145897 , vital:38476 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1162/afar_a_00401
Description: This paper navigates the phenomenon of the divided nation through the work of contemporary South African artists Th¬ando Mama, Sikhumbuzo Makandula, and Ndikhumbule Ngqinambi. I position the work of these artists practicing in a post-apartheid nation-state alongside the work of contemporary Palestinian artists Larissa Sansour and Khaled Jarrar, who respond to the ongoing struggle of the stateless Palestinian nation divided by colonialism and Israeli apartheid. Each of these artists critiques the construction of the modern nation-state using symbols such as the national flag, the national anthem, the passport and postage stamp, and physical walls and buildings.
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Date Issued: 2018

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BODIPY dyes for singlet oxygen and optical limiting applications

- Harris, Jessica

Authors: Harris, Jessica
Date: 2018
Subjects: Photosensitizing compounds , Active oxygen -- Physiological effect , Photochemotherapy , Cancer -- Treatment , Nonlinear optics , BODIPY (Boron-dipyrromethene)
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58002 , vital:27014
Description: A series of structurally related BODIPY dyes were synthesised and characterised. Their photophysical properties were studied in order to determine whether they would be suitable candidates for use as photosensitisers in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of cancer. The synthesis of two highly fluorescent BODIPY cores was achieved via the acid-catalysed condensation of a pyrrole and a functionalised aldehyde. In order to promote intersystem crossing, and hence improve the singlet oxygen generation of these dyes, bromine atoms were added at the 2,6-positions of the BODIPY core. These dibrominated analogues showed good singlet oxygen quantum yields, and excellent photostability in ethanol. In order to red-shift the main spectral bands of the BODIPY dyes towards the therapeutic window, vinyl/ styryl groups were introduced at the 3-, 5-, and 7-positions via a modified Knoevengal condensation reaction. The addition of vinyl/ styryl groups to the BODIPY core caused an increase in fluorescence quantum yield as well as a decrease in singlet oxygen quantum yield with respect to the dibrominated analogues. However, two of the red-shifted BODIPY dyes still showed moderate singlet oxygen quantum yields. The use of BODIPY dyes in nonlinear optics (NLO) was explored. The nonlinear optical characterisations and optical limiting properties of a series of 3,5-dithienylenevinylene BODIPY dyes were studied, both in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and when embedded in poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBC) as thin films. The 3,5-dithienylenevinylene BODIPY dyes showed typical nonlinear absorption behaviour, with reverse saturable absorption (RSA) profiles, indicating that they have potential as optical limiters. The second-order hyperpolarizability (Y), and third-order nonlinear susceptibility (/m[/(3)]) values are also reported for these dyes. The optical limiting values of one of the BODIPY dyes in solution, and two of the BODIPY-embedded PBC films, were below the maximum threshold of 0.95 J-cm-2. The effect of addition of substituents on the electronic structure of the BODIPY dyes was investigated using TD-DFT calculations. The calculated trends closely followed those determined experimentally.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Bollywood Nights: Indian youth and the creation of diasporic identity in South Africa

- Boshoff, Priscilla A

Authors: Boshoff, Priscilla A
Date: 2018
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143494 , vital:38251 , DOI: 10.3138/topia.26.29
Description: Bollywood’s popularity as a global cultural form has occurred at the same time as the valorization of difference in the South African political landscape. As the youngest members of the 19th-century labour diaspora, South African Indian youths are the inheritors of a conservative—yet adaptable—home culture amidst the marginalized identities of (post-)apartheid South Africa. Their desire to create an identity for themselves that encompasses their self-perception both as modern South African subjects and as guardians of their traditional home cultures is achieved through Bollywood, which speaks to its diasporic audiences through images of an idealized traditional yet modern India. While India is not a place of return for these youth, their reactivation of a diasporic identity through Bollywood’s representations of a successful Indian diasporic culture and their participation in South African Bollywood concerts and award ceremonies has provided an opportunity for young South African Indians to reimagine their diasporic Indian identity in ways that (re-)connect them to India and to an imagined global diaspora.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Bringing us back

- Dhliwayo, Mercy

Authors: Dhliwayo, Mercy
Date: 2018
Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63077 , vital:28361
Description: My thesis takes the form of a collection of short stories set mostly in Zimbabwe and South Africa under the current political, social and economic climate. The themes I explore include forced migrations, identity, family disintegration and destitution. I use non-linear narration inspired by my reading of Dambudzo Marechera and Lidia Yuknavitch’s use of photographic imagery, in Black Sunlight and The Small Backs of Children respectively, to heighten my thematic concerns. The poetry in their language also serves as a source of inspiration, as does the graphic imagery used by Ayi Kwei Armah. In addition, I draw on the fragmented form used by Deepak Unnikrishnan to explore migration in his collection, Temporary People and Miljenko Jergovic’s investigation of violence and displacement in Sarajevo Marlboro.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Building IKhwezi, a digital platform to capture everyday Indigenous Knowledge for improving educational outcomes in marginalised communities

- Ntšekhe, Mathe V K

Authors: Ntšekhe, Mathe V K
Date: 2018
Subjects: Information technology , Knowledge management , Traditional ecological knowledge , Pedagogical content knowledge , Traditional ecological knowledge -- Technological innovations , IKhwezi , ICT4D , Indigenous Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (I-TPACK) , Siyakhula Living Lab
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62505 , vital:28200
Description: Aptly captured in the name, the broad mandate of Information and Communications Technologies for Development (ICT4D) is to facilitate the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in society to support development. Education, as often stated, is the cornerstone for development, imparting knowledge for conceiving and realising development. In this thesis, we explore how everyday Indigenous Knowledge (IK) can be collected digitally, to enhance the educational outcomes of learners from marginalised backgrounds, by stimulating the production of teaching and learning materials that include the local imagery to have resonance with the learners. As part of the exploration, we reviewed a framework known as Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), which spells out the different kinds of knowledge needed by teachers to teach effectively with ICTs. In this framework, IK is not present explicitly, but through the concept of context(s). Using Afrocentric and Pan-African scholarship, we argue that this logic is linked to colonialism and a critical decolonising pedagogy necessarily demands explication of IK: to make visible the cultures of the learners in the margins (e.g. Black rural learners). On the strength of this argument, we have proposed that TPACK be augumented to become Indigenous Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (I-TPACK). Through this augumentation, I-TPACK becomes an Afrocentric framework for a multicultural education in the digital era. The design of the digital platform for capturing IK relevant for formal education, was done in the Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL). The core idea of a Living Lab (LL) is that users must be understood in the context of their lived everyday reality. Further, they must be involved as co-creators in the design and innovation processes. On a methodological level, the LL environment allowed for the fusing together of multiple methods that can help to create a fitting solution. In this thesis, we followed an iterative user-centred methodology rooted in ethnography and phenomenology. Specifically, through long term conversations and interaction with teachers and ethnographic observations, we conceptualized a platform, IKhwezi, that facilitates the collection of context-sensitive content, collaboratively, and with cost and convenience in mind. We implemented this platform using MediaWiki, based on a number of considerations. From the ICT4D disciplinary point of view, a major consideration was being open to the possibility that other forms of innovation—and, not just ‘technovelty’ (i.e. technological/- technical innovation)—can provide a breakthrough or ingenious solution to the problem at hand. In a sense, we were reinforcing the growing sentiment within the discipline that technology is not the goal, but the means to foregrounding the commonality of the human experience in working towards development. Testing confirmed that there is some value in the platform. This is despite the challenges to onboard users, in pursuit of more content that could bolster the value of everyday IK in improving the educational outcomes of all learners.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Challenges and curriculum transformation in the higher education sector in South Africa: a case study in WASH to improve the training of pharmacists

- Tandlich, Roman, Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P, Boshoff, Aileen, Madikizela, Phindile, Srinivas, Sunitha C, Pyle, Desmond M, Oosthuizen, Rene

Authors: Tandlich, Roman , Ngqwala, Nosiphiwe P , Boshoff, Aileen , Madikizela, Phindile , Srinivas, Sunitha C , Pyle, Desmond M , Oosthuizen, Rene
Date: 2018
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76858 , vital:30631 , https://doi.org/10.2478/atd-2018-0001
Description: South Africa is a member state of the “BRICS” bloc (BRICS2017.org, 2017) and the G20 group of the 20 nations/economic blocs, which between them account for the majority of the world’s trade and economic activity. It faces many developmental challenges which are mirrored in its higher education sector. In this article, the authors seek to provide an overview of the challenges that South African higher education faces in the achievement of the developmental goals of the country. The focus of this paper is a case study in WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) to improve context-specific responses that trains pharmacists on knowledge and skills.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Challenging Biblical boundaries: Jeanette Winterson’s postmodern feminist subversion of Biblical discourse in Oranges are not the only fruit (1985) and Boating for beginners (1985)

- Erasmus, Shirley

Authors: Erasmus, Shirley
Date: 2018
Subjects: Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Criticism and interpretation , Bible -- Feminist criticism , Bible -- Criticism, interpretation, etc , Postmodernism -- Religious aspects , Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Oranges are not the only fruit , Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Boating for beginners , Patriarchy in literature , Sex discrimination in literature
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59121 , vital:27430
Description: This thesis investigates the subversion of Biblical discourse in Jeanette Winterson’s first two novels, Oranges are Not the Only Fruit and Boating for Beginners. By rewriting Biblical stories Winterson challenges traditional Western religious discourses and their rules for heteronormative social and sexual behaviours and desires. Winterson’s texts respond to the patriarchal nature of socially pervasive texts, such as the Bible, by encouraging her readers to regard these texts with suspicion, thus highlighting what can be seen as a ‘postmodern concern’ with the notion of ‘truth’. Chapter One of this thesis comprises a discussion of Biblical boundaries. These boundaries, I argue, are a process of historical oppression which serves to subjugate and control women, a practice inherent in the Bible and modern society. The Biblical boundaries within which women are expected to live, are carefully portrayed in Oranges and then comically and blasphemously mocked in Boating. Chapter One also argues that Winterson’s sexuality plays an important role in the understanding of her texts, despite her desire for her sexuality to remain ‘outside’ her writing. Chapter Two of this thesis, examines the mix of fact and fiction in Oranges, in order to create a new genre: fictional memoir. The chapter introduces the concept of the ‘autobiographical pact’ and the textual agreement which Winterson creates with her readers. In this chapter, I examine Winterson’s powerful subversion of Biblical discourse, through her narration of Jeanette’s ‘coming out’ within a Biblical framework. Chapter Three of this thesis examines Winterson’s second book, Boating, and the serious elements of this comic book. This chapter studies the various postmodern narrative techniques used in Boating in order to subvert Biblical and historical discourse. Chapter Three highlights Winterson’s postmodern concern with the construction of history as ‘truth’. Finally, Chapter Four compares Oranges and Boating, showing the texts as differing, yet equally relevant textual counterparts. This chapter examines the anti-feminine characters in both texts and Winterson’s ability to align her reader with a feminist or lesbian viewpoint. This thesis argues that Winterson’s first two texts deliberately challenge Biblical discourse in favour of a postmodern feminist viewpoint.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Characterisation of surfaces modified with phthalocyanines through click chemistry for applications in electrochemical sensing

- O'Donoghue, Charles St John Nqwabuko

Authors: O'Donoghue, Charles St John Nqwabuko
Date: 2018
Subjects: Electrodes, Carbon , Phthalocyanines , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , Electrochemistry , Electrochemical sensors , Hydrazine , Click chemistry
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58046 , vital:27038
Description: One form of surface modification was primarily investigated in this work on glassy carbon electrodes. The form of modification is comprised of a series of steps in which electrografting is first applied to the glassy carbon surface, which is then followed up with click chemistry to ultimately immobilise a phthalocyanine onto the surface. The modified glassy carbon electrodes and surfaces were characterised with a combination of scanning electrochemical microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods. In this work, three alkyne substituted phthalocyanines were used. Two novel phthalocyanines, with nickel and cobalt metal centres, were studied alongside a manganese phthalocyanine reported in literature. Each of the three phthalocyanines was modified at the peripheral position with a 1-hexyne group, via a glycosidic bond, yielding the terminal alkyne groups that were used for subsequent click reactions. In situ diazotisation was used to graft 4-azidoaniline groups to the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. The azide bearing 4- azidoaniline groups were thus used to anchor the tetra substituted phthalocyanines to the surface of the electrodes. This method yielded successful modification of the electrodes and lead to their application in sensing studies. The modified electrodes were primarily used to catalyse the common agricultural oxidising agent hydrazine.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Characteristics of the thermoluminescence of Sm3+-doped P2O5-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-ZnF2 glass

- Thomas, Sunil, Chithambo, Makaiko L

Authors: Thomas, Sunil , Chithambo, Makaiko L
Date: 2018
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/109979 , vital:33211 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.06.005
Description: We report the thermoluminescence of Sm3+-doped P2O5-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-ZnF2 glass. A glow-curve measured at 1 °C/s after beta irradiation to 10 Gy shows two peaks; a broad high intensity one at 214.0 ± 0.4 °C and a weaker intensity peak at 75.2 ± 0.8 °C. The dependence of peak position on partial heating as well as on irradiation suggest that the main peak at 214 °C is a combination of several overlapping peaks. The activation energy of the different components of the main peak, calculated using the initial-rise method, differ showing that the components are distinct. The reproducibility, fading and dose response were examined by considering the dominant component of the main peak. The intensity of the peak changes with heating rate in a manner consistent with thermal quenching.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Characterizing early drug resistance-related events using geometric ensembles from HIV protease dynamics:

- Amamuddy, Olivier S, Bishop, Nigel T, Tastan Bishop, Özlem

Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Bishop, Nigel T , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
Date: 2018
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148126 , vital:38712 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36041-8
Description: The use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) has drastically improved the life quality and expectancy of HIV patients since their introduction in health care. Several millions are still afflicted worldwide by HIV and ARV resistance is a constant concern for both healthcare practitioners and patients, as while treatment options are finite, the virus constantly adapts via complex mutation patterns to select for resistant strains under the pressure of drug treatment. The HIV protease is a crucial enzyme for viral maturation and has been a game changing drug target since the first application. Due to similarities in protease inhibitor designs, drug cross-resistance is not uncommon across ARVs of the same class.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Chasing shadow and make believe

- Mofokeng, Reikanne

Authors: Mofokeng, Reikanne
Date: 2018
Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) -- South Africa , South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , Science fiction, South African (English) -- 21st century
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63626 , vital:28449
Description: My thesis is a science fiction novella. It follows the story of an adolescent boy, Shadow, and a little girl, Makebelieve, in an ahistorical future. The world that they traverse is earth, after being nursed back to health, by technologically advanced Southern African societies. A series of inexplicable astronomical events leads to their being hunted down. Through the travels of Shadow and Makebelieve I show how the world and the societies around them operate. I am inspired by Samuel R Delaney’s Aye, Gomorrah and Derrick Bell’s The Space Traders, because of their prowess in world building and exploration of complex and innovative ideas.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Chemical weathering on selected nunataks in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

- Knox, Jenna Tracy

Authors: Knox, Jenna Tracy
Date: 2018
Subjects: Glacial climates -- Antarctica -- Queen Maud Land , Glaciology -- Antarctica -- Queen Maud Land , Chemical weathering -- Antarctica -- Queen Maud Land , Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects , Climatic changes -- Antarctica -- Queen Maud Land , Nunataks -- Antarctica -- Queen Maud Land
Language: English
Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61658 , vital:28046
Description: High latitude areas are sensitive to the impacts of climate change, and it is expected that the impact of greenhouse warming will be much higher in the polar regions than in any other climatic zones, with the most highly affected area being that of the Antarctic rim (Barsch, 1993). Weathering and pedogenic processes respond to variations in climate, with models predicting that chemical weathering may increase synchronously with global carbon dioxide levels increase, due to dissolution rates and the erosional impact of hydrological cycles in warming climates (Anderson & Anderson, 2010). As liquid water becomes more available in Antarctica the potential for chemical weathering, due to a less moisture-limited environment and increased temperatures, increases (Convey et al., 2009). Weathering processes are important for soil formation and the production of fine-grained material, with chemical weathering being an active constituent of this. Increased rates of soil formation are likely to occur, with global climate changes resulting in greater chemical weathering occurring in Antarctica. Opportunistic sampling was conducted during the Austral summer of 2016/2017, whereby rock, snow and meltwater samples were taken at various sites within the western portion of Dronning Maud Land of Antarctica. Rock samples were placed in resin, and cut with a diamond saw to create thin sections. Optical microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were used to analyse mineral weight percentage with depth. Twelve soil samples were dried and weighed, sieved and statistically represented according to particle size. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) determined the geochemical analysis for 10 water and snow samples. Rock hardness was inferred through the use of an Equotip, with rebound values recorded for multiple rock faces and samples. Thermal regimes of rock temperature was further recorded using a FLIR infrared camera, and documented for each rock face over a 24 hour period at 2 hourly intervals. The products of increased chemical weathering were evident from particle size analysis; samples were very poorly sorted in nature, and undergo in situ weathering, whereby products were not removed by erosional processes. Weathering rinds were found to be siliceous and ferric, depending on parent lithology. Ferric ratios increased in wt.% from the substrate rock to the external surface, creating the red, iron rich crusts noted on the hand specimens. The observable chemical weathering was found adjacent to intrusions through Precambrian dolerites. Geochemical analysis revealed thin, carbonaceous features, with impurity-rich layers, characteristic of speleothem formation. Carbonaceous layers did not follow underlying substrate features, rather deposited at the external surface, upon which, further precipitation growth could occur, creating karst features. Extensive gypsum coatings (>2mm) under BSE imagery were identified, with the abundance of gypsum salts (below surface level) and rock coatings indicating active sulphuric acid weathering, in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Were mechanical processes faster than chemical, weathering rinds and solution features on silicate rocks would be uncommon in the Antarctic, periglacial landscape. However, this is not the case as the existence of these landforms implies that chemical weathering may occur faster than mechanical weathering processes (Pope et al., 1995). In a changing world, one needs to monitor these processes at a micro-scale in order to fully understand how periglacial environments react to global climatic changes, and the subsequent impacts on these sensitive environments.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Chipangano: vigilantism and community responses in Mbare District, Zimbabwe, c.2000-2013

- Munyarari, Tinashe

Authors: Munyarari, Tinashe
Date: 2018
Subjects: Vigilantism Zimbabwe Mbare , ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Zimbabwe History 1980- , Vigilantism Zimbabwe Mbare Public opinion , Collective memory Zimbabwe Mbare
Language: English
Type: Master's theses , text
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62126 , vital:28130
Description: This study examines an aspect of Zimbabwe’s political history, namely the emergence and operations of Chipangano vigilante group in Mbare (2000-2013) and how the community responded to the scourges of this vigilante group. This study shows that Chipangano, which means a pact, was formed with the intention to extend ZANU-PF patronage system, canvassing support and regain control of Mbare district from the MDC. The group consolidated itself as a shadow militia group for ZANU-PF that intimidated the opposition parties and coerced the general populace to attend ZANU-PF functions. It also shows that the vigilante group seized Harare City Council’s duties, such as collecting gate-takings from local and long distance public transport at Mbare Bus Terminal; controlling allocations of market stalls and collecting rents from market stalls, for personal benefits. The group also politicised the access to local state property. Chipangano’s collusion with ZANU-PF and state structures licensed it to engage in criminal activities with impunity, thus this thesis seeks to understand the relationship between the vigilantes, ZANU-PF and state structures. The activities of Chipangano such as abduction, intimidation, beatings, killings and displacement of people resulted in social trauma. This thesis will also explore how this phase of violence is remembered today by the research informants. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, History, 2018
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Date Issued: 2018

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