The effect of Cannabis extract on the morphological and metabolic characteristics of various fat depots in diet-induced Obese and STZ-induced male wistar rats
- Authors: Ramlugon, Sonaal
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Rats as laboratory animals , Diabetes in practice , Cannabis -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61282 , vital:70044
- Description: To investigate the potential anti-diabetic/obesity properties of oral cannabis administration in an obese and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model, as well as an obese rat model, and to determine the mechanism of action, with a focus on the peritoneal and intramuscular fat depots. Experimental Design: Obese and STZ-induced diabetic rats were allocated a high fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with STZ to mimic an obese and diabetic state. The rats were then orally administered cannabis extract (CE) of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight (relative to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content) or metformin as a positive control. For the obese rat model, the rats were allocated either a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) or high fat diet (HFD) and orally administered with cannabis extract of 1.25 mg/kg body weight (relative to THC content). Weight, blood and insulin-resistant parameters of the rats were monitored. The mitochondrial to genomic DNA ratio (MT:18S DNA), average adipocyte area of the various adipose tissues, citrate synthase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) enzyme activities of the peritoneal and intramuscular fat were measured. Gene expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), cell-death inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha like effector-a (Cidea), perilipin, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were measured in peritoneal fat, intramuscular fat and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Main Findings: Obese and STZ-induced diabetic rat model: Due to the biphasic nature of cannabinoids, cannabis dosage plays an important role in the observed effects. CE1.25 was the only cannabis treatment effective in improving the insulinresistant parameters of the rats unlike the other higher cannabis concentrations (CE2.5 and CE5.0). In the peritoneal fat, CE1.25 increased MT:18S DNA, increased citrate synthase activity, and decreased the average adipocyte area when compared to the STZ group. CE1.25 also induced fat beigeing by upregulating gene expression levels of UCP1 and Cidea. XIX Furthermore, an increase in gene expression levels of perilipin, HSL, and TFAM showed increased fat mobilization and metabolic activity. In the intramuscular fat, CE1.25 also reduced the average adipocytes area. However, a different mechanism of action was observed where CE1.25 did not induce fat beigeing, but instead increased both citrate synthase and CPT1 enzyme activities and gene expression levels of HSL, thereby indicating increased fat oxidation and mitochondrial activity. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The effect of illicit financial flows on Zimbabwe's economic growth and development
- Authors: Chirowamhangu, Elton Munyaradzi
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Funds-flow statements -- Zimbamwe , Economic Growth -- Zimbamwe
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61034 , vital:69687
- Description: This study examines the effect of Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) and capital flight on Zimbabwe’s economic growth and development. The study data covered the period 1980-2020 applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression model to assess the relationship between IFFs and capital flight and Zimbabwe’s economic growth and development. Most empirical studies on developing countries show that in both the short and long run, IFFs and capital flight not only reduce the revenue base of the economy but its multiplier effects result in a negative significant relationship between economic growth and development. This supports the continued call for policymakers and government to develop effective policies and continue to have intergovernmental and bilateral engagements to share knowledge and information to deter and control these activities. Unless these activities are controlled, most developing countries will have revenue shortfalls that will have to be funded from Other Donor Assistance (ODA), AID and loans. The study used two ARDL models to assess the impact of GDP and Manufacturing output to assess the impact. GDP and Manufacturing output have been chosen as the proxies of economic growth. Data showed that capital flight had a positive coefficient relationship with GDP in the long run. It was statistically significant and capital flight also had a negative and insignificant effect on manufacturing output during the period 1980-2020. Thus, Zimbabwe should effectively engage in policies and measures that identify and deter IFFs and capital flight activities because the multiplier effects of the activities have a negative impact on economic growth and development. The continued depletion of state resources discredits the objectives of the government to achieve the 2030 Millennium Development Goals. Government expenditure in nonproductive sectors must be avoided, instead, priority must be given to sectors that attract investors and stimulate economic growth and development. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The effect of operations and management on the reliability of rural water supply maintenance at Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Clock, Kulile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Water supply -- Amathole
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61045 , vital:69688
- Description: The growing population in South Africa’s rural municipalities, coupled with industrial expansion, continue to exert pressure on the available water resources. While service delivery demands are becoming a serious concern among residents in various municipalities, local governments need to improve the supply of essentials, such as water. This study examines water scantiness in the rural side of the Amathole District Municipality (ADM), with a prime focus on the water distribution and maintenance system. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The effectiveness of action learning in developing first-line leadership competence at basf South Africa
- Authors: White, Bradley Lewis
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Leaderrship , Action learning --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63170 , vital:73192
- Description: As the researcher believes leaders and leadership to be products of both nature and nurture, this phenomenological study was focused on the use and effectiveness of action learning methodology to develop first-line leadership competence. This study aimed to understand the training and developmental experiences of first-line managers during a leadership development programme using an action learning approach. The main research question: “How effective is action learning in developing first-line leadership competence at BASF South Africa”, was supported by five secondary research questions focused on the KASH-in-Transit Leadership Programme and the extent that participants, mentors and departmental managers perceived that action learning developed the leadership competencies of participants, and specifically leadership competence aligned to the BASF Global Competency Model. It also focused on the factors, elements or conditions in the KASH-in-Transit Leadership Programme that were effective and/or ineffective in developing these leadership competencies. Using these research questions as a guide, the current study posed open-ended interview questions that explored participants’ experiences in developing competencies aligned to the BASF global competency framework. The theoretical framework for the study was guided by the constructs of adult learning, action learning and leadership development as well as the link between learning, action learning and leadership development. Data was collected from 15 participants (12 coater drivers, 2 mentors and 1 manager) through the use of observations, action learning sessions and semi-structured interviews, with the interviews transcribed and then analysed using Atlas.ti qualitative analysis software. The information collected and succeeding analysis may help the development of future leaders within BASF South Africa as well as help close the gap in the literature on action learning as a leadership development tool. Action learning as a modern-day approach is capable of developing leadership at multiple levels and contexts, building collaborative partnerships and networks that aid in organisational development. The research findings led to the development of five themes surrounding the phenomenon of action learning as a means to develop first-line leadership competence: (1) Learning transfer has internal and external levers, (2) viii 70 + 20 + 10 = leader and leadership competence, (3) Facilitator and Mentor are catalysts for action AND learning, (4) Leadership development is built with connections and stumbling blocks, and (5) Development is part of succession. Individuals were challenged through exposure to real-world practices while being supported by a facilitation and mentoring system that offered critical, constructive feedback. The objective was to create career experiences and establish environmental influences that will stimulate developmental growth while facilitating an individual’s ability to learn from experience. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The impact of organisation culture in the retention and career growth of female artisans in the automotive sector in Gqeberha
- Authors: Ngcobo, Gcinuyise Cyprian
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: organisational culture , career growth
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62249 , vital:72367
- Description: There have been many initiatives that have been implemented to motivate women to enter and remain in the engineering field in South Africa and across the world. However, research has shown that the numbers of women representation in the engineering sector is still very low. It was the aim of this study to explore essential themes that can be adopted to improve career growth and retention of women in the engineering automotive industry sector of Gqeberha. The study further seeks to formulate a set of key organisational culture attributes that needs to be incorporated into organisations to improve female artisans’ career advancement and retention. The research took a positivist/postposivist paradigm, with a quantitative research approach using a probability sampling method. A structured self-administered questionnaire was distributed electronically to female respondents employed in the automotive companies located within Gqeberha with the aim of obtaining information to achieve the research objectives, targeting a population of female artisans employed in these organisations. Seventy-five (75) questionnaires were distributed, forty-one (41) were completed and returned, which represents a 54.67% response rate. The research found that there is a significant relationship between organisational culture, career advancement and employee retention. The main themes that emerged from the study of employee retention were sense of security, transparency and innovation. While training and development opportunities were found to be important for career advancement. Key recommendations from the research are that organisations must frequently conduct their own organisational culture surveys, short-incentive schemes for engineering managers and human resources managers be linked to gender diversity and provision of mentors for female artisans , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Citizenship (CC) on the business success of wineries in the Cape Winelands
- Authors: Phillips, Allazei Lynette
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: corporate social responsibility , Corporate Citizenship
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62333 , vital:72381
- Description: The wineries of the Cape winelands are increasingly engaging in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate citizenship (CC). Both these practices are widely viewed as having the potential to increase business success of these wineries. There is however a lack of research on the state of these practices in these wineries especially against the background of reports of exploitation of workers on winelands. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the state of CSR and CC in the Cape winelands wineries and the impact that these practices have on the business success of these wineries. The study is located in the positivistic research tradition. The data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire which was distributed to 100 employees (managers and general workers) in the wineries. The questionnaire items were anchored on a Likert-style (disagree to agree) answering scale. Pearson correlations and multiple regression coefficients, as well as descriptive statistics were used. Eventually only 42 respondents participated in the study. The empirical findings indicated that CSR (focusing on its economic, environmental, and social impacts) and CC were significantly positively related to the business success of the wineries in the Cape winelands. CC emerged as the strongest determinant of the business success of these wineries. The empirical results also revealed reasonable to high levels of CSR and CC prevalence in these wineries. Although limitations were experienced in the study, useful managerial recommendations emerged from it empirical results. The study therefore indicated some important areas for future research. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The influence of financial education on the financial literacy Of higher certificate students at the Nelson Mandela University
- Authors: Nyati, Nokwanda Vuyolwethu
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: financial literacy , higher certificate , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62320 , vital:72380
- Description: South Africa has low levels of financial literacy. This includes students, even though they are educated. The literature reveals South African students struggle to grasp personal finance concepts, specifically related to saving, monitoring debt and budgeting. It is well-known that financial education improves financial literacy, however, financial education is not implemented as a stand-alone subject for students at primary and high school level in the South African context. Financial education is only implemented into specific learning areas in the curricula such as Economic Management Sciences, Mathematical Literacy, Mathematics, Accounting, Business Studies and Economics. At university level, some students from specific faculties are exposed to a financial education module. A gap in the literature warranted a longitudinal investigation among students to discover the impact of university financial education on financial literacy. There is a lack of research to assess the financial literacy of students by measuring their financial knowledge and financial skills objectively. It is crucial to determine whether a relationship exists between financial education and financial literacy involving South African students. Hence, according to this, the primary objective of the study was to investigate the influence of financial education on financial literacy of Higher Certificate (Business Studies) students at Nelson Mandela University. The rationale behind choosing these students as a sample is because the programme comprises a Fundamentals of Personal Finance module which focused on day-to-day financial education. Two literature review chapters were conducted to accomplish the primary objective of the study. The first literature review focused on the nature and importance of financial education, core components of financial education, sources of financial education, personal finance module as well as the impact of financial education on financial literacy. This led to the second literature review, which examined the exposure of financial education on financial literacy levels. In addition, financial literacy components and the relationship between financial education on financial literacy were discussed. Thereafter, the hypotheses of the study were developed to empirically test the sample on their financial literacy levels before and after exposure to financial vi education by measuring financial knowledge, financial skills, financial attitude and financial behaviour. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents before exposure to the Fundamentals of Finance module to determine their financial literacy levels. The same questionnaire was completed by the respondents to discover whether financial literacy levels stayed the same, declined or improved after exposure to financial education. Through convenience and criterion sampling, 233 usable questionnaires were collected before exposure to financial education which translated into an effective rate of 64.54 percent. Following this, 77 usable questionnaires were collected after financial education exposure which was interpreted as an effective rate of 61.60 percent. The low response rate was due to the level of computer literacy amongst the respondents, some respondents may have not had access to a laptop, computer desktop or mobile device, and the respondents were busy preparing for examinations. The empirical data was analysed through STATISTICA by performing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) tests, reliability tests (Cronbach Alpha), descriptive statistics related to the demographics of the respondents, mean scores and standard deviations. Further statistical analyses were conducted through Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient tests to determine the nature of the relationships between financial knowledge, financial skills, financial attitude and financial behaviour. Paired t-tests were conducted to discover the differences in the mean scores in the financial literacy levels of respondents before and after exposure to financial education. The empirical results revealed significant relationships between financial education and financial knowledge; financial education and financial skills; financial education and financial attitude; financial education and financial behaviour. This led to all four hypotheses of the study being accepted. The financial knowledge, financial skills and financial attitude of Higher Certificate (Business Studies) students did not improve after completing the Fundamentals of Personal Finance module. Only the financial behaviour of these students improved after financial education exposure. The results of the study provided the basis for the development of recommendations to improve financial literacy levels by providing financial education content that is suitable for individuals in different stages of their lives. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The influence of leadership on service delivery in the department of employment and labour, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Maleiba, Olivia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Leadership , Transformational Leadership , Batho Pele Principles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61636 , vital:71821
- Description: The aim of the public sector is to deliver effective and efficient services whilst reducing these delivery costs (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2007). In addressing this aim of public service delivery, the objective of the study was to investigate the impact of leadership on service delivery in a specific public sector. The researcher utilised a non-experimental correlation research design where the participants were entry level officials from region six within the National Department of Employment and Labour in the Eastern Cape, who reported to the first level of management (supervisors/team leaders). A probability sampling design with a cluster sampling method was used, wherein the population was grouped and a cluster was chosen. The sample consisted of officials who delivered services to the public at an entry administrative level either in a direct role or a supporting role. These officials reported to the first line of leadership in the hierarchy (supervisors/team leaders). Questionnaires were used as the primary source of data collection to solicit data from participants and obtain feedback on leadership behaviour on operational and service delivery issues in the workplace. The data was processed by statistical calculations of the mean, median, mode and standard deviation. The Cronbach Alpha as a test of internal validity, was used to test for reliability and validity. The findings of the study revealed that the department strived to improve leadership and service delivery in rendering public service which will naturally contribute to the 2030 vision of the National Development Plan and the fulfilment of the organisational mandate (South Africa National Planning Commission, 2012). , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The influence of site characteristics on growth and wood properties of Pinus radiata and Pinus elliottii in the Southern and Eastern Cape forestry regions of South Africa
- Authors: Sigcau, Chulumanco
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects , Pine – Growth -- South Africa , Pinus radiata
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61234 , vital:69828
- Description: The intensive nature of plantation forestry in South Africa requires efficiency and financial viability in production systems, amidst a complex growing environment subjected to changing macro-climatic patterns. The success of plantation forestry operations depends, amongst others, on our understanding of tree growth and wood formation patterns in response to variable growing conditions in both space and time. This study was conducted on the two most commonly used species in the southern and Eastern Cape forestry regions, i.e., Pinus radiata and P. elliottii. The region is regarded as highly suitable for plantation forestry in terms of climatic conditions, but soil characteristics pose several challenges due to nutritional disorders and poor drainage. The study focused on investigating the influence of both soil and climatic conditions on the growth and Wood Density properties of the two species, and to establish functional relationships where possible. The two species showed comparable growth rates at the reference age of 13 years on the range of sites sampled in the study area. An analysis of variance showed greater differences in Site Index between than within sample plots, pointing towards the possible influence of site on growth variation. Correlations between climatic variables and the growth of both species were generally weak and contradictory. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. It is proposed that the general favourable climatic profile of the region and hydromorphic nature of soils reduce the chances of significant correlations between variables influencing moisture availability and tree growth. The analysis of correlations between soil parameters and tree growth revealed some influence of soil organic C and Na on the growth of P. elliottii. This is discussed in terms of our understanding of the influence of soil parent material and soil ecology. The absence of any correlations between soil chemical parameters and the growth of P. radiata was conspicuous. This is in contradiction with earlier studies on the species in the region and can possibly be explained in terms of the site-specific fertilizing policy of the industry, as well as the less diverse range of sites sampled than in the past, which can mask or reduce nutrient limitations for tree growth. However, P. radiata did show a high level of sensitivity towards effective soil depth. Site-quality prediction models are proposed for the two species, but with variable application value due to the limited options of significant control variables that can be considered for inclusion in the models. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Science and Management, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The moderating influence of socioemotional wealth on the innovation choices and outputs of South African family businesses
- Authors: Ndang, Akah William
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socioemotional wealth, , Family-owned business enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62216 , vital:72012
- Description: The global impact of family businesses is increasing in a significant manner. The importance of family businesses has been recognised by academic institutions through the establishment of family business research centres and academic programmes for family businesses, as well as practitioner-oriented journals in family business studies. In most developed and developing market economies, family businesses have been projected as one of the primary forms of private enterprise that play an important role in both national and global economies, including South Africa. In other words, in the global innovation context, family businesses are considered to be the backbone of economic development. Given the importance of innovation to family businesses in contributing to economic growth and sustainability across generations, as well as the limited research that has been conducted on South African family businesses and innovation, the primary objective of this research was to investigate the relationship of selected drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs in South-African family businesses, as well as how the family, through its Socioemotional wealth, moderates the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs. This study uses the socioemotional wealth (SEW) and the resource-based theory (RBV) as the basis of its theoretical orientation. The following drivers of innovation were identified during the literature review (independent variable), namely: Financial capital, Human capital and leadership, Social capital, Learning orientation, Entrepreneurial orientation, Market orientation, Organisational culture, and Knowledge management as having an impact on Innovation outputs (dependent variable). In addition, Socioemotional wealth (SEW) was hypothesised as having a moderating influence on the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation ouptuts. Four demographic variables (Size of the business, Age of the business, Generation of the family and Industry of operation) were identified as having a potential influence on the hypothesised relationships. Each of the constructs were clearly defined and then operationalised. Operationalisation was done by using reliable and valid items sourced from tested vii measuring instruments used in previous studies, as well as a number of self-generated items based on secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was made available online to respondents identified by means of the convenience snowball sampling technique, and data was collected from 331 family businesses in South Africa. The usable questionnaires were subjected to various data analyses techniques. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed on each factor that confirms the factor structures by using various goodness-of-fit indices. Subsequent to the CFAs, the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was assessed. As a result of these analyses, three new independent variables emerged as drivers of Innovation outputs in South African family businesses, namely: Funding of research and innovation, Financial, human and social capital resources, and Shared business vision, resources information and knowledge. In addition the SEW construct revealed two dimensions as dependant variables, namely: Family influence, control and commitment and Business reputation and commitment. The reliability of the measuring instrument was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, while the assessment of validity involved calculations of the average variance extracted (AVE) estimates and squared correlations between constructs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was the main statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent, moderating and dependent variables. The main finding of the study reveals that there is a significant positive relationship between Financial, human and social capital resources, and Innovation outputs. There is also a significant positive relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge and Innovation outputs. Furthermore, Family influence, control and commitment positively moderates the relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge and Innovation outputs. while Business reputation and succession positively moderates the relationship between Financial, human, social capital resources, and Innovation outputs. Finally, Business reputation and succession positively moderates the relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge viii and Innovation outputs. Concerning the selected demographic variables, this study found that Age of the business has a significant influence on Innovation outputs. This study makes several theoretical and practical contributions. This study is the first of its kind that investigates the relationship between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs of South African family businesses. Second, this study is the first to investigate how the family, through its Socioemotional wealth, moderates the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs of South African family businesses. Having a better understanding of how and when the family system impacts the innovation decisions in the family business is important because it helps researchers understand the differences between family businesses (i.e. family firm heterogeneity) and non-family businesses. Third, the findings indicated that the adaptation of the SEW and RBV theories was accurate in understanding how the family, through its socioemotional wealth, influences innovation decisions. Fourth, concerning the selected demographic variables, this study found that Age of the business has a significant influence on Innovation outputs. This finding is another valuable contribution to the literature on innovation, given the inconsistent and sometimes inconclusive findings concerning the relationship between age of the business and innovation activities. The study's final theoretical contribution is the development of a measurement tool that accurately assesses the drivers of innovation and innovation outputs and the influence of the five dimensions of socioemotional wealth. Other family business researchers, business mentors and or family business owners themselves can use this measurement tool to assess and monitor factors that have an impact on innovation activities inside their businesses. Practically, this study makes several suggestions on how family business owners and managers could improve the Innovation outputs of their businesses and become aware of how the family could influence the innovation choices and decisions made in the business. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The perceptions of self service checkout systems in the South African retail
- Authors: Mhlanga, Nhlanhla
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Self Service Technology , technological innovation , Grocery Retail Sector
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61681 , vital:71825
- Description: The introduction of Self-Service Checkout Systems (SSCOs) has disrupted and continues to transform grocery retail businesses particularly in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is characterised by the pervasive presence of technological innovation in multiple sectors. SSCOs have over the years made significant in-roads in the grocery retail sector, particularly in the developed world with few exceptions of implementation in the developing world. Self Service Technologies (SST) have been used across various industries for many years in order to improve customer experience, or to address business priorities, or both. SSCOs (an SST technology) within grocery retail, have been purported to increase customer convenience, efficiency and bolster the competitive advantage of various businesses, amongst other benefits. The benefits and opportunities, risk and challenges, impact on business, perceptions of customers and customer acceptance of SSCOs have been and continue to be widely studied within the retail sector of the developed and in some parts of the developing world. The understanding and implementation of SSCOs in developing countries in general and South Africa in particular are at an embryonic stage. Questions of implementation, acceptance and adoption of SSCOs in South Africa are under-researched and nascent. However, despite their vagueness within the South African grocery retail sector, there are instances where SSCOs have been implemented in South Africa. Taking into account the fact that the South African grocery retail sector is heavily influenced by the adoption of technological innovation and follows the trends from the developed world, it is only a matter of time before SSCOs become mainstream technologies in South Africa. This is more so particularly in the era of the 4IR where technology is increasingly transforming entire industries. Against this backdrop, this study addresses the question of acceptance of SSCOs within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. Whilst grocery retailers consider whether to implement SSCOs, they have to ask themselves a number of pertinent questions, not in the least whether customers would be willing to adopt the use of the technology. It is in light of this acceptability of SSCOs that the research engaged grocery retailers to investigate their perception regarding the factors that affect the acceptance of SSCOs within the South African grocery retail sector. This study followed a qualitative research design. Participants were management and owners of the SPAR retail group in South Africa. Twenty-three participants took part in the study and seventeen participant’s responses were accepted for analysis. An online open ended vi | P a g e questionnaire was used to collect data from participants and a thematic analysis was applied to the collected data in order to search for themes within the data. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) were used as frameworks to interpret the study findings. The results of the study indicate that the South African grocery retail sector is innovative and implements various technologies. Further, a number of grocery retailers are actively considering the implementation of SSCOs. A number of factors that promote that acceptance of SSCOs were identified by the study, for example, customer experience at checkout, which includes convenience and efficiency and business profitability. On the other hand, there are factors that hinder the acceptance of SSCOs, which include factors like loss of employment, poor infrastructure and the cost of implementation amongst others. Based on the results of the study a theoretical framework was developed, which was used to give recommendations to the grocery retail sector in order to offer guidance regarding the implementation of SSCOs in South Africa. Finally, areas and orientations of future research were identified. This study contributes to the literature on SSCOs in South Africa in particular and the developing world in general. In addition, this study contributes to academic theory and business practise by applying the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to a unique context in a new way, i.e. SSCOs in the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The limitation of the study is that the participants were from one grocery retail organisation and thus probably represent a certain grocery retail outlook based on the culture of the organisation. Future research would need to be more inclusive and have a heterogeneous research sample in order to be more reflective of multiple organisations and cultures within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The introduction of SSCOs in South Africa will transform the grocery retail sector. The understanding of the technology and its acceptance within the sector is critical to help grocery retailers develop strategies to drive business growth, improve customer experience and capitalise on the direction of transformation that technology brings to the sector. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The posttraumatic growth of Natalie Du Toit: A psychobiography
- Authors: Madotyeni-Ngcongca, Thozama
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Posttraumatic growth , Psychobiography , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61522 , vital:70969
- Description: This study sought to gain insight into the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth by performing a psychobiography of Natalie du Toit, who underwent a traumatic experience and acquired a disability. This study employed a psychobiographical methodology in order to interpret the life of Paralympic gold medallist, Natalie du Toit, from a psychosocial development perspective. The study used a qualitative research paradigm and a purposive sampling technique was employed to select Natalie du Toit. This was done to determine the extent to which Natalie du Toit underwent developmental growth as a result of posttraumatic growth after recuperating from her trauma. Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model was used to inform the research. This model was used to describe the life experiences and events that characterised the posttraumatic adjustment of Natalie du Toit and interpret these through Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model. The findings revealed a significant extend the existence of all five variables of Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model, in the life of Natalie du Toit. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The quantification of Pinus patula recovery and productivity of manually orientated biomass collection in post mechanised full tree and semi mechanised tree length harvesting operations
- Authors: Ncongwane, Thandekile Hazel
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Pinus patula – south Africa , Forest ecology , Biomass energy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61511 , vital:70692
- Description: The use of biomass as an alternate source of energy has grown in popularity. Different types of biomass are obtained from a variety of sources including natural forests, forestry plantations and agriculture residues. However, forestry residues have been identified as the most promising source, due to the wide variety of plant products including leaves, twigs, branches, merchantable stem, stumps and roots. The main sources of plantation forest biomass are residues from thinning, clearfell and conventional products such as pulpwood and sawn timber operations. These residues can accumulate between 4.3 to 9.4 billion tonnes annually around the world. The biomass availability in plantation forests has led to the development of different harvesting systems to help collect the products from infield to sawmill. Biomass harvesting has mainly been achieved through mechanised systems because of their high yields. However, the use of manual systems has been neglected due to technical limitations and financial viability. Thus, in South Africa, there is no scientific research looking at manual systems of collecting biomass from plantations. Because of this, different forestry stakeholders, including small growers and contractors using manual systems for biomass harvesting have limited knowledge regarding what to expect in terms of recoverable amounts, productivity and cost. This research examines the productivity of the manual biomass collection and the quantification of recovered and unrecovered residues after mechanised full tree (FT) and semi mechanised tree length (TL) harvesting operations in Pinus patula compartments. A total number of 8 plots with +/-200 standing trees were marked in each system. The diameter and height of all marked trees were measured to determine tree volume. Moreover, the quantification of recoverable woody biomass was determined, where after, a residues assessment method using plots and line transects was used to determine the amount of unrecovered residues. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The relationship between savings and economic growth in Southern African customs union (sacu) countries
- Authors: Tala, Lavisa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Economic development--Southern Africa , Customs unions
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/63111 , vital:73187
- Description: This study empirically investigates the nature of the relationship between savings and economic growth in SACU member countries, namely: South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Eswatini, using panel data for the period 1990-2021. A high savings rate is believed to be instrumental in stimulating economic growth, making it vital is for policy makers to understand the nature of the relationship existing between savings and economic growth in order to design and implement appropriate policies. To ensure robustness of the empirical results, this study applied different panel data estimation procedures. Using Pooled OLS, Random Effect, Fully Modified OLS, Dynamic OLS and Mean Group, Pool Mean Group and Dynamic Fixed Effect, the study discovered that gross domestic savings have a positive impact on economic growth among SACU member countries. Based on the results, gross domestic savings emerged with different coefficients indicating sensitivity to the estimation technique although statistically significant. Furthermore, the study dealt with the issue of linearity in the savings-growth nexus, by estimating the threshold level. Estimated results reveal evidence that gross domestic savings above 16 percent threshold have a negative effect on economic growth, while below the threshold, level savings impact economic growth positively. The study recommends, among other things, that policy makers design and implement policies that promote financial inclusion to mobilise domestic savings so as to increase economic growth. The major goal of economic policy should be to encourage households to save and ensure that domestic savings are invested in productive projects and sectors of the economy. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The role of trade unions in organisational change in South African organisations
- Authors: Mzondi, Siphelele
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Organizational change -- Management , Organisational Development , Labor union emblems
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62181 , vital:72005
- Description: Organisations of the 21st century face a plethora of changes due to globalisation, a world referred to as volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA). Organisations must consider pertinent stakeholders, specifically employees, and by representation, trade unions, during organisational change attempts. The study has explored the role of trade unions during organisational change in South African organisations. A literature review was conducted, which explored, amongst others, factors driving change, organisational change management models, the labour relations landscape in South Africa and the role of trade unions in organisational change. The empirical study included semi-structured interviews and a survey with a questionnaire. An exploratory sequential mixed methods research design was followed, with semi-structured interviews conducted with trade union representatives and human resource/employment relations managers. Thereafter, an online self-administered survey was conducted focusing on employees. A non-probability judgement design was employed in sampling the participants for the qualitative approach, and five (N = 5) HR/employment relations managers and six (N = 6) trade union representatives were interviewed. Random sampling was employed for the quantitative component and 74 questionnaires were completed. The interviews were thematically analysed while for the survey, exploratory factor and correlation analysis were used. The factor analysis extracted three factors: Before Change; During Change; and After Change. Based on the results recommendations for senior management, HR/ER managers; and for trade unions were presented. The recommendations include that organisations use the framework as a guide to involve trade unions. Trade unions and their representatives need to be acknowledged as important stakeholders before change is introduced. Knowledge of labour law is essential and a culture of open communication must be evident before, during and after change. Trade unions should organise conferences (Indabas) to reorientate and reskill themselves about their role during organisational change within South African organisations. The main contribution of the study is that HR/ER managers and trade union representatives should utilise the framework developed in this study to advance best practices in respect of the role of trade unions in organisational change in the South African context. , Thesis (Ma) --Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
The socio-economic impact of communal property associations in O.R. Tambo district in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mhlontlo, Lizo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socio-economic impact , Communal Property Associations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61692 , vital:71826
- Description: Land is the most valuable resource in every nation since it supports all aspects of life by giving people food, shelter, and water. In South Africa, the legacy of the colonial past remains with ongoing poverty, landlessness, inequality, and insecurity to this day. Large tracts of property are still owned by the minority who benefited from apartheid colonialism, the land issue continues to be a major concern in South African politics. After 1994 the Department of Land Affairs released a White Paper on Land Reform that served as the model for many subsequent land reform initiatives, including land restitution. Former Bantustans contain a sizable quantity of unsurveyed land that is kept in trust and administered by traditional leaders who serve as custodians. In order to return the land to its rightful owners through land restitution as well as other land reform initiatives, the government established a legal organization, the Communal Property Association (CPA), against which the land could be registered. This study focuses on CPAs located on unsurveyed communal land in the Eastern Cape Province's OR Tambo District. There has been discussion in parliament and among academics about the effectiveness of CPAs in addressing socioeconomic needs. Various studies and departmental assessments have revealed that CPAs are not in compliance with the Act that governs them, and the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Land Reform developed a regularization intervention strategy to close administrative gaps in slow land transfer, membership, financial reporting, asset management, and accountability. This study investigates whether CPAs provide socioeconomic benefits, and assesses their current practicability. Five CPAs were sampled, each located in different towns in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape. The findings are that while there has been a socio-economic impact in the broader community where CPAs are located there has been limited benefit to intended beneficiaries. CPAs and their administration are in dire need of change. Too large CPA groupings, a lack of understanding of the constitution, a lack of business skills, a lack of asset management, corrupt transactions on CPA land, traditional leadership interference, delays in land surveying and transfer, a lack of government support, and land invasions are all challenges. The government needs to prioritize land surveying and transfer to beneficiaries in order to reduce land invasions and conflicts with traditional leaders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
Top-down control by grapsoid crabs in South African estuarine salt marshes
- Authors: Smith, Leigh-Ann
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Salt marsh ecology – South Africa , Crabs --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61223 , vital:69807
- Description: Salt marshes are one of the most productive ecosystems globally. These ‘blue carbon’ habitats are in many respects resilient to climate change effects, able to track sea level rise and act as carbon sinks. Since salt marshes are economically and ecologically essential habitats (for example providing foraging grounds for invertebrates, fish, birds and humans), understanding the processes that control their structure is crucial to best maintain ecosystem services provided by these habitats. For decades the importance of top-down forces, such as grazing, has not been recognised as being important in controlling salt marsh plant productivity. Rather, bottom-up forces, such as the availability of oxygen, was thought to be the main constraint to primary production. Therefore, a better understanding of salt marsh ecosystem dynamics and whether grazer control exists is needed. Although grazer top-down control has been demonstrated in salt marshes in locations such as the United States, this has not been investigated in South Africa. This is a crucial knowledge gap locally considering the importance of salt marsh ecosystems. The aim of this study was therefore to determine what role consumers play in structuring South Africa’s estuarine salt marsh vegetation, thereby also contextualising this process internationally. In order to achieve this, the abundance of grapsoid crabs was estimated and related to key salt marsh features, such as Spartina maritima stem height and stem density, which was quantified from observational surveys. Sampling took place at the beginning and end of the early-spring and late-summer growth period (September 2021 and April 2022) in the Knysna, Kromme and Swartkops estuaries. If a correlation was observed between crab density and salt marsh features, it was important to determine whether they consume the salt marsh vegetation or if the effect was due to their burrowing activities. Hence, the diet of grapsoid crabs was investigated using stable isotope and gut content analysis. To examine the importance of crab grazing in controlling the growth of salt marsh vegetation, crab abundance was manipulated in situ by means of exclusion cages. This experiment ran for five months in the Kromme Estuary, from November 2021 to March 2022 over the salt marsh growing season. An ex situ feeding experiment was also conducted on 30 crab specimens collected from the Kromme Estuary, during May 2022. These crabs were starved for 48 hours and thereafter fed different components of Spartina (growing and dead blades, and roots and rhizomes). The food consumed was quantified as the change in plant length and dry weight after 48 hours, which gave a maximum grazing rate for the different food sources. It was found that crabs are having a minimal impact on the salt marsh vegetation structure. Spartina maritima does form an important component of the diet of grapsoid crabs, however, this is not their only source of food, and possibly not their preferred source of food. They are however contributing to sediment properties through their burrowing activities. The iii ex situ feeding experiment showed that grapsoid crabs can consume all vegetative components of Spartina, with a significantly greater amount of roots and rhizomes consumed. There was no consistent effect in terms of the exclusion of grazers, indicating that other mitigating factors could be reducing the impacts of grapsoid exclusion in situ. Together, these findings contribute knowledge that can be used to inform conservation by quantifying what the salt marsh risks losing in the absence or overabundance of crabs, as has occurred elsewhere globally. These results influence how salt marshes are managed, and highlight how not recognising the importance of consumers, such as crabs, could misalign management objectives. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
Township economy performance and contribution towards economic development in Nelson Mandela Bay: Assessment using the circular flow of money
- Authors: Matambeka, Sibahle
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Circular Economy , Economic Development , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61659 , vital:71823
- Description: The study sought to explore township economic performance and contribution towards economic development in Nelson Mandela Bay, using the circular flow of money model. The study surveyed households and businesses in one of the townships in Nelson Mandela Bay (Kwazakhele). The survey reached out to 100 households and 100 businesses, totalling 200 participants. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The current state of the township economy is not a desirable one. There are more leakages than injections into the township economy. More township residents (especially high-income earners) choose to shop outside the township for goods because the township does not have the goods that residents need. Key findings show that township businesses are small in nature, primarily sole propriety and operate informally in the streets. Most people who work, earn R3500 and below and spend most of their income on food and groceries. Supply for the most consumed products in the township comes mainly from outside the township, and there is no circular flow in the township economy. However, there are more people working inside the township than those who work outside the township. More essential goods are found in the township than before, so residents do not have to travel outside the township to get basic groceries and food. Other findings show that the government is not intervening enough to help the township businesses through policy implementation and financial aid. Businesses in the township do not pay taxes, and this can limit what the government can do to help them. There are other business constraints that are prohibiting the township businesses to reach the optimum level, and the top cited constraint is Crime. The study recommended that government should intervene by passing a bill like the Gauteng Township Economy Bill that aims at assisting township businesses. Households should come up with other streams of income through entrepreneurship so that they can not only depend on government social grants for income. Businesses should form bulk buying groups to increase buying power to be competitive. Lastly, businesses should seek alternative sources of power because electricity is expensive, and the load-shedding is prohibiting township businesses from running efficiently. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
Transfer of technological innovation for socio-economic development: the case of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in ACCRA, Ghana
- Authors: Anoku, John Kofie
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Developing economies , Research & development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60537 , vital:65643
- Description: The importance of technological innovation transfer to a country’s socio-economic development cannot be underestimated. This is because technological innovation provides the base for today’s knowledge-based economy. As a developing economy, Ghana faces several socio-economic development challenges as those of other developing economies. Despite these socio-economic challenges, it has been shown that thriving Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, could help improve the socio-economic development of the Ghanaian economy. Notwithstanding the valuable contributions of SMEs to socio-economic development in Ghana, there appears to be a more significant disconnect between research outcomes from research institutions to SMEs in the areas of technological innovation transfer. It appears there is no bridge between research institutions and SMEs. Against this backdrop, the study aimed at investigating how the transfer of technological innovation from research institutions to SMEs could enable SMEs to thrive and improve the socio-economic development of the Ghanaian economy. A mixed methods research approach was used for the study. The study applied a stratified sampling technique to select 432 CEOs of SMEs from a total population of 481CEOs which represents all CEOs of SMEs in the Association of Ghana Industries (AGI) database in Accra, Ghana as of December 2018. A purposive sampling technique was also used to select ten (10) directors of research institutions from a total number of nineteen (19) research institutions, (including the CSIRs and public tertiary educational institutions), based in Accra, Ghana. The study site, Accra, Ghana, was chosen because of its thriving SME populations and world-class research institutions. While a probit regression model was used to address only the objective three (3) of the research objectives, a descriptive statistical analysis was used via the usage of the SPSS software to generate the mean, standard deviation and percentages on the trend and distribution of the study variables among the study population. However, thematic analysis which enables the examination of the data to identify common themes was used on the qualitative data. The empirical results from the study indicated that technological innovation received from research institutions did not address SMEs' needs and did not result in products and services needed by the Ghanaian community. The study found low collaboration between research institutions and SMEs; and indicated that policy direction towards research institutions and SMEs' collaboration was the essential factor in boosting the efforts to drive collaborations. The study has made a valuable contribution to knowledge by showcasing a framework for successfully transferring technological innovation from research institutions to iii SMEs. The study also contributes to the Helix and triple helix models of innovation by indicating that the successful transfer of technological innovation goes beyond the production of basic research by research institutions and the adoption of basic research by SMEs. Thus, successful technological innovation transfer hinges mainly on effective collaboration between the parties involved. In this regard, the study also contributes to theory, as it is one of the first studies to directly address the problem concerning how the transfer of technological innovation from research institutions to SMEs could enable SMEs thrive and improve the socio-economic development of the Ghanaian economy. The study could enable policymakers/governments to understand the existing gap between research institutions and SMEs and how they can work together to harness technological innovation for the betterment of socio-economic development in Ghana. It also generates new empirical knowledge on research and SMEs. The new knowledge in technological innovations could shape theory and policy decision-making, resulting in enhanced sustainable socio-economic development in Ghana. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
Unleashing the nexus between climate change and food security in rural South Africa: role of three community radio stations in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Bamigboye, Foluke Bosede
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Climatic changes , Food security , South Africa -- Rural conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27325 , vital:66939
- Description: This study investigates the role of Forte FM, Mdantsane FM and Rhodes Music Community Radios in disseminating the different kinds of messages on the nexus between the impacts of climate change and food security in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Therefore, the study aims to investigate how these community radio stations play their informative, educative and entertainment roles regarding climate change and food security awareness programmes to their listeners. The study employed the qualitative research approach and convenience, and non-probability samplings techniques were subsequently used to select samples for this study. In-depth interviews were conducted individually for Forte FM, Mdantsane FM and Rhodes Music community radio programme managers respectively, who serve as the key informants. One focus group discussion each was held with residents of Golf Course, Mdantsane and Grahamstown areas where these radio stations broadcast from, with eight participants in each focus group. The total number of participants for the focus group discussions was 24 participants. The collected data were coded into themes using NVivo 12 software to generate the theme nodes and case nodes as key findings, analysis and then interpreted. The findings of this study confirmed that these three community radio stations do contribute to climate change communication through their programmes that focus on climate change and food security related issues. Another vital finding from the study showed that listeners do benefit immensely from these climate change and food security related programmes of the under-study community radio stations. Hence, listeners physical, social, and cognitive well-being of their climatic environment have been greatly impacted. In the same vein, the findings of this study further revealed that the rural communities who are mostly affected by the impacts of climate change on food security have been well informed and enlightened on the suitable ways to enhance a sustainable food security and climate adaptation system through Forte FM, Mdantsane FM, and Rhodes Music community radio stations. Significantly, this study has been able to come up with two suggested models and the conceptual frameworks, which are the Local Action Adaptive Communication (LAAC) Model and the Indigenous Behavioral Change Conceptual (IBCC) Model. These models are focused on increasing listeners interests, adaptation, and behavioral change on climate change issues. The models are also aimed at ensuring better climate change and food security communication Author. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04