Transcending the culture of poverty in a Black South African township
- Authors: Wilsworth, Mercia Joan
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Black people , South Africa , Grahamstown , Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001602
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Wilsworth, Mercia Joan
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Black people , South Africa , Grahamstown , Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2085 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001602
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
An examination of the spatial variation of surficial sediment characteristics in the Howison's Poort Reservoir
- Authors: Weaver, Alex van Breda
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Howison's Poort Reservoir , South Africa , Sedimentation and deposition
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4790 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001890
- Description: From Introduction: Lakes, estuaries and man-made water impoundments can be considered as intervening basins which provide for the temporary storage both of sediment and of water. Because of the potential energy of soil in elevated positions and because of the kinetic energy of water flowing under the influence of gravity, eroded material is eventually transported to the lowest possible level, i.e. the ocean deeps, or some intervening basin. This denudation process may be compared with Newton’s second law of thermodynamics which states that each system tends to move in the direction of lowest energy. Sedimentation in intervening basins may be seen as part of the natural process of landscape evolution. The rates at which sedimentation occurs may be strongly influenced by the activities of man.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Weaver, Alex van Breda
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Howison's Poort Reservoir , South Africa , Sedimentation and deposition
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4790 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001890
- Description: From Introduction: Lakes, estuaries and man-made water impoundments can be considered as intervening basins which provide for the temporary storage both of sediment and of water. Because of the potential energy of soil in elevated positions and because of the kinetic energy of water flowing under the influence of gravity, eroded material is eventually transported to the lowest possible level, i.e. the ocean deeps, or some intervening basin. This denudation process may be compared with Newton’s second law of thermodynamics which states that each system tends to move in the direction of lowest energy. Sedimentation in intervening basins may be seen as part of the natural process of landscape evolution. The rates at which sedimentation occurs may be strongly influenced by the activities of man.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
The eucharist in St John's Gospel : an examination of the extent to which it is justifiable to see allusions to the eucharist in St John's Gospel
- Authors: Verryn, Paul
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Bible -- John -- Commentaries Lord's Supper
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Bachelor , BDiv
- Identifier: vital:1229 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007273
- Description: This thesis shows that the incarnation of Jesus Christ is an ever present reality for St. John. Christ's abiding presence is known to those who are committed to him because he is their Saviour and Lord. This presence is especially real when his disciples, the believers, the Church gather for worship. In the eucharist, which is an act of worship, the meaning and purpose of the incarnation becomes apparent for St. Paul. By showing that aspects of John's understanding of the incarnation co-incide with the early Church's doctrine of eucharist (as portrayed by St. Paul) the conclusion is reached that we have eucharistic allusions in the gospel of John. Furthermore, John presents Jesus in contrast to the Old Covenant. Jesus supersedes the Old Covenant and establishes the new covenant of love. Just as the Old Covenant was celebrated in the Passover, so the eucharist re-enacts the new covenant. By alluding to the old sacrament, John shows how the eucharist fulfils the true meaning of Passover. After a brief examination of existing methodologies, I present the working hypothesis for this dissertation as outlined above. In a fairly detailed exegesis of Jn 6 (with digressions to other relevant passages in John) which is divided into three sections (In 6:1-21 6:22-48, 6:49-71), I have tried to show that John sees the eucharist as a celebration which emphasises the community of the church, which re-enacts God's great demonstration of love (typified especially in the death of Jesus) and which foreshadows that great heavenly banquet, when, all will be gathered to him. I reach the conclusion therefore that we are justified in finding allusions in the eucharist in the gospel of John.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Verryn, Paul
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Bible -- John -- Commentaries Lord's Supper
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Bachelor , BDiv
- Identifier: vital:1229 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007273
- Description: This thesis shows that the incarnation of Jesus Christ is an ever present reality for St. John. Christ's abiding presence is known to those who are committed to him because he is their Saviour and Lord. This presence is especially real when his disciples, the believers, the Church gather for worship. In the eucharist, which is an act of worship, the meaning and purpose of the incarnation becomes apparent for St. Paul. By showing that aspects of John's understanding of the incarnation co-incide with the early Church's doctrine of eucharist (as portrayed by St. Paul) the conclusion is reached that we have eucharistic allusions in the gospel of John. Furthermore, John presents Jesus in contrast to the Old Covenant. Jesus supersedes the Old Covenant and establishes the new covenant of love. Just as the Old Covenant was celebrated in the Passover, so the eucharist re-enacts the new covenant. By alluding to the old sacrament, John shows how the eucharist fulfils the true meaning of Passover. After a brief examination of existing methodologies, I present the working hypothesis for this dissertation as outlined above. In a fairly detailed exegesis of Jn 6 (with digressions to other relevant passages in John) which is divided into three sections (In 6:1-21 6:22-48, 6:49-71), I have tried to show that John sees the eucharist as a celebration which emphasises the community of the church, which re-enacts God's great demonstration of love (typified especially in the death of Jesus) and which foreshadows that great heavenly banquet, when, all will be gathered to him. I reach the conclusion therefore that we are justified in finding allusions in the eucharist in the gospel of John.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
A history of the growth and development of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Southern Africa, 1920-1960
- Thompson, Ronald Charles Lloyd
- Authors: Thompson, Ronald Charles Lloyd
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Seventh-Day Adventists -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007294
- Description: From Introduction: The most natural divisions of time for this historical survey of the growth and development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Southern Africa fall into three periods: (1) from 1920, when the African Division of Seventh-day Adventists was organized, to 1931, when it was reorganized under the name Southern African Division; (2) from 1931 to 1945, covering the period years of the Great Depression and Second world War; (3) from 1946 to 1960, the post-war. Attention is given in Chapter I to a certain phase of church development because the church had emerged at the highest level of Adventist organization, i.e. a Division. Although the first group of Adventists adopted the simplest form of organization in 1892 known as the South African Conference, the church was small and little known. The church at Division level therefore embarked on a programme of orientation and adaptation to gain recognition and make itself known everywhere. Closely allied to this was organization. Chapter II defines the organization of the church and explains how it was financed. The history of its organization and reorganization is also traced. Chapters III and IV deal with an era of expansion during the twenties in the establishment of missions, medical missions and training institutions, while new mission fields were entered and old mission fields were further developed. Chapters V and VI continue to trace the development of missions, mission fields, medical missions, and training institutions together with important changes in the medical and educational work. Further reorganization and new developments in the European church and African church are also outlined. The great emphasis on expansion and the development of institutions finally reached a point whereby "institutionalism" overtook "evangelism". Chapter VII discusses this problem and what was done to try and arrest it. Thus the history of the church is brought to an interesting turning point and climax in Part Two. Chapter VIII breaks from the common run of growth and development in missions, medical missions and institutions and traces the development of the principles and practice of the Adventist Church. The Southern African Division set itself the objective of full maturity in the establishment of a self-supporting, self-governing and self- propagating church in Africa. The history of these principles are covered together with the principles governing the reception of government grants-in-aid. Chapter IX deals with the analysis and development of the three-fold ministry of teaching, preaching and healing. These chapters in Part Three do not constitute a conclusion but simply give further insights in the growth and development of the church .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Thompson, Ronald Charles Lloyd
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Seventh-Day Adventists -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1231 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007294
- Description: From Introduction: The most natural divisions of time for this historical survey of the growth and development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Southern Africa fall into three periods: (1) from 1920, when the African Division of Seventh-day Adventists was organized, to 1931, when it was reorganized under the name Southern African Division; (2) from 1931 to 1945, covering the period years of the Great Depression and Second world War; (3) from 1946 to 1960, the post-war. Attention is given in Chapter I to a certain phase of church development because the church had emerged at the highest level of Adventist organization, i.e. a Division. Although the first group of Adventists adopted the simplest form of organization in 1892 known as the South African Conference, the church was small and little known. The church at Division level therefore embarked on a programme of orientation and adaptation to gain recognition and make itself known everywhere. Closely allied to this was organization. Chapter II defines the organization of the church and explains how it was financed. The history of its organization and reorganization is also traced. Chapters III and IV deal with an era of expansion during the twenties in the establishment of missions, medical missions and training institutions, while new mission fields were entered and old mission fields were further developed. Chapters V and VI continue to trace the development of missions, mission fields, medical missions, and training institutions together with important changes in the medical and educational work. Further reorganization and new developments in the European church and African church are also outlined. The great emphasis on expansion and the development of institutions finally reached a point whereby "institutionalism" overtook "evangelism". Chapter VII discusses this problem and what was done to try and arrest it. Thus the history of the church is brought to an interesting turning point and climax in Part Two. Chapter VIII breaks from the common run of growth and development in missions, medical missions and institutions and traces the development of the principles and practice of the Adventist Church. The Southern African Division set itself the objective of full maturity in the establishment of a self-supporting, self-governing and self- propagating church in Africa. The history of these principles are covered together with the principles governing the reception of government grants-in-aid. Chapter IX deals with the analysis and development of the three-fold ministry of teaching, preaching and healing. These chapters in Part Three do not constitute a conclusion but simply give further insights in the growth and development of the church .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
A comparison of the performance of three conceptual mathematical models of the rainfall-runoff process in the Mareetsane Catchment
- Authors: Stickells Peter S
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Rain and rainfall Mathematical models South Africa Runoff
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4793 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001893
- Description: The objective of the thesis is to make a critical assessment of the performance of three relatively simple deterministic models of the rainfall-runoff process. The need to evaluate and compare deterministic models arises because of the large number of models which are available in the literature. A number of the available models would appear to be equally suitable for a given situation whereas many models are found to be valid only under the specific range of conditions for which they were developed. Therefore there is a need for guidelines to allow the most judicious selection of a model for a particular set of circumstances. The models used in the study will be tested in a semi-arid catchment to determine their applicability under ephemeral flow conditions
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Stickells Peter S
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Rain and rainfall Mathematical models South Africa Runoff
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4793 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001893
- Description: The objective of the thesis is to make a critical assessment of the performance of three relatively simple deterministic models of the rainfall-runoff process. The need to evaluate and compare deterministic models arises because of the large number of models which are available in the literature. A number of the available models would appear to be equally suitable for a given situation whereas many models are found to be valid only under the specific range of conditions for which they were developed. Therefore there is a need for guidelines to allow the most judicious selection of a model for a particular set of circumstances. The models used in the study will be tested in a semi-arid catchment to determine their applicability under ephemeral flow conditions
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Sedimentology of the Katberg sandstone in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Stavrakis, Nicholas
- Date: 1979 , 2013-10-16
- Subjects: Sedimentology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Geology, Stratigraphic -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5034 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007355 , Sedimentology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Geology, Stratigraphic -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The Katberg Sandstone is an arenaceous formation occuring stratigraphically three querters of the way up in the Beaufort Group in the south-eastern part of the main Karoo basin. A sedimentological study was carried out on the Katberg Sandstone and adjacent formations, in a 2 000 km² area south of Queenstown. Stratigraphic sections were measured and lithofacies based on the style of Miall (1977) were established for the Katberg Sandstone, Balfour and Burgersdorp Formations. Stratigraphic relationships show that the Burgersdorp Formation in the study area, is the lateral (distal) equivalent of the Katberg Sandstone. The changeover from sandstone to predominantly shale lithology occurs roughly east-west between Cathcart and Whittlesea. Stream hydraulic theory is discussed and the sedimentary structures of the various lithofacies are explained in terms of this theory. An analysis was done of thirty-four palaeochannels, and their various ancient flow characteristics were derived via multiple regression equations and a FORTRAN computer program. A statistical analysis of bedform structures, showed that flat-bedding of the upper flow regime is the dominant sedimentary structure of the Katberg Sandstone. Trough cross-bedding originating in aqueous dunes and planar cross-bedding of transverse bars, are fairly well represented while ripples are virtually absent. The opposite applies to the Balfour Formation where lower flow regime structures, viz., ripple cross-lamination and trough cross-bedding predominate. There is an even spread of (upper) flat-bedding, trough cross-bedding and ripple cross-lamination in the Burgersdorp Formation. Detailed measurement of typical short sequences from sections of the three formations, and transition matrix analyses, showed the facies assemblages to be of three stream types: (i) Katberg type: similar to Platte type of Miall (1977). Sediments were deposited by swiftly flowing, low sinuosity, braided, ephemeral streams with a predominantly sand bedload. Each flow started with preconsolidated silt and mud (flakes), and movement of exogenetic pebble lags. Channel avulsion and deposition of mud drapes in higher topographic levels of the stream were common phenomena. (ii) Balfour type: characterised by lateral accretion point bar type sequences of high sinuosity streams, and vertical accretion floodplain deposits. Lower flow regime dune and ripple bedform structures overlying (upper) flat-beds indicate a loss of stream power with channel migration. (iii) Burgersdorp type: similar to Katberg type for sandstone units, also crevasse-splays onto thick subaerially exposed floodplain aggradation reddish shales. Conventional microscopy and SEM studies showed tremendous diagenetic effects mostly in the form of secondary quartz growth in the sandstones of the three formations. Electron microprobe analyses were done on titanomagnetite grains from heavy mineral layers of the Katberg Sandstone, so that thermometric predictions could be made on provenance rocks. Palaeocurrents of the Katberg Sandstone are mostly Rank 4 and 5 types (Miall, 1974), i.e., they were generated within bars with not much change in stream orientation. Burgersdorp and Balfour formation palaeocurrents are Rank 1 - 3 types. In the case of the former this is owing to directional changes in channels as a result of frequent crevasse-splays, and in the case of the latter owing to differences in orientation between entire tracts of highly sinuous palaeostreams. Palaeocurrent directions in the Katberg Sandstone indicate a southeasterly provenance which accords with the findings of other Beaufort Group workers. Bed relief index calculations (Smith, 1970), made on Katberg rocks, considered together with the abundance of planar cross-bedding (of transverse bars) and apparent absence of longitudinal bars, testify to the deposition of the Katberg Sandstone in the distal parts of the braided stream environment. The Beaufort sediments of the study area have the sedimentological characteristics of a molasse sequence, but a different implied tectonogenesis. During Balfour sedimentation the equilibrium base was being raised very slowly at the source and complete fluvial sequences were deposited under a humid temperate climate, on a slowly subsiding plain. During Katberg/Burgersdorp times, source area tectonism was pronounced but interrupted and incomplete sequences were deposited under an arid climate. Provenance rocks for the formations studied included biotite mesoperthitic granite, granulite, charnockite, granite porphyry, granophyre, metaquartzite, greenschist and possibly diorite, epidosit e and alkaline volcanic rocks. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Stavrakis, Nicholas
- Date: 1979 , 2013-10-16
- Subjects: Sedimentology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Geology, Stratigraphic -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5034 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007355 , Sedimentology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Geology, Stratigraphic -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The Katberg Sandstone is an arenaceous formation occuring stratigraphically three querters of the way up in the Beaufort Group in the south-eastern part of the main Karoo basin. A sedimentological study was carried out on the Katberg Sandstone and adjacent formations, in a 2 000 km² area south of Queenstown. Stratigraphic sections were measured and lithofacies based on the style of Miall (1977) were established for the Katberg Sandstone, Balfour and Burgersdorp Formations. Stratigraphic relationships show that the Burgersdorp Formation in the study area, is the lateral (distal) equivalent of the Katberg Sandstone. The changeover from sandstone to predominantly shale lithology occurs roughly east-west between Cathcart and Whittlesea. Stream hydraulic theory is discussed and the sedimentary structures of the various lithofacies are explained in terms of this theory. An analysis was done of thirty-four palaeochannels, and their various ancient flow characteristics were derived via multiple regression equations and a FORTRAN computer program. A statistical analysis of bedform structures, showed that flat-bedding of the upper flow regime is the dominant sedimentary structure of the Katberg Sandstone. Trough cross-bedding originating in aqueous dunes and planar cross-bedding of transverse bars, are fairly well represented while ripples are virtually absent. The opposite applies to the Balfour Formation where lower flow regime structures, viz., ripple cross-lamination and trough cross-bedding predominate. There is an even spread of (upper) flat-bedding, trough cross-bedding and ripple cross-lamination in the Burgersdorp Formation. Detailed measurement of typical short sequences from sections of the three formations, and transition matrix analyses, showed the facies assemblages to be of three stream types: (i) Katberg type: similar to Platte type of Miall (1977). Sediments were deposited by swiftly flowing, low sinuosity, braided, ephemeral streams with a predominantly sand bedload. Each flow started with preconsolidated silt and mud (flakes), and movement of exogenetic pebble lags. Channel avulsion and deposition of mud drapes in higher topographic levels of the stream were common phenomena. (ii) Balfour type: characterised by lateral accretion point bar type sequences of high sinuosity streams, and vertical accretion floodplain deposits. Lower flow regime dune and ripple bedform structures overlying (upper) flat-beds indicate a loss of stream power with channel migration. (iii) Burgersdorp type: similar to Katberg type for sandstone units, also crevasse-splays onto thick subaerially exposed floodplain aggradation reddish shales. Conventional microscopy and SEM studies showed tremendous diagenetic effects mostly in the form of secondary quartz growth in the sandstones of the three formations. Electron microprobe analyses were done on titanomagnetite grains from heavy mineral layers of the Katberg Sandstone, so that thermometric predictions could be made on provenance rocks. Palaeocurrents of the Katberg Sandstone are mostly Rank 4 and 5 types (Miall, 1974), i.e., they were generated within bars with not much change in stream orientation. Burgersdorp and Balfour formation palaeocurrents are Rank 1 - 3 types. In the case of the former this is owing to directional changes in channels as a result of frequent crevasse-splays, and in the case of the latter owing to differences in orientation between entire tracts of highly sinuous palaeostreams. Palaeocurrent directions in the Katberg Sandstone indicate a southeasterly provenance which accords with the findings of other Beaufort Group workers. Bed relief index calculations (Smith, 1970), made on Katberg rocks, considered together with the abundance of planar cross-bedding (of transverse bars) and apparent absence of longitudinal bars, testify to the deposition of the Katberg Sandstone in the distal parts of the braided stream environment. The Beaufort sediments of the study area have the sedimentological characteristics of a molasse sequence, but a different implied tectonogenesis. During Balfour sedimentation the equilibrium base was being raised very slowly at the source and complete fluvial sequences were deposited under a humid temperate climate, on a slowly subsiding plain. During Katberg/Burgersdorp times, source area tectonism was pronounced but interrupted and incomplete sequences were deposited under an arid climate. Provenance rocks for the formations studied included biotite mesoperthitic granite, granulite, charnockite, granite porphyry, granophyre, metaquartzite, greenschist and possibly diorite, epidosit e and alkaline volcanic rocks. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
The South African shipping question, 1886-1914
- Authors: Solomon, Vivian
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Shipping conferences -- History Shipping -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1039 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004667
- Description: From Preface: For the best part of a generation the "Shipping Question" was a talking-point in South Africa; yet today it is completely forgotten, and the name of its leading actor is virtually unknown. Scant reference to the controversy will be found in economic- or other histories; in the rare cases where it is alluded to, the treatment is superficial. This study seeks to fill that gap. At the outset it is advisable to define the scope of the work. It is not a history of the South African shipping trade in the pre-1914 era: shiplovers have had that ground amply covered by Marischal Murray, and indeed are unlikely to find in the following pages much to their taste. Neither is it an economic analysis of shipping conferences: there is a growing body of work on that subject, and this study does not seek to add to it. Nor is it a business history: it does not probe the structure, the management or the profitability of shipping enterprise in the period concerned. A full-scale discussion of these latter topics would be a major undertaking in its own right, nor is it at all certain that the necessary materials are accessible or even extant. In short, the study is concerned with the origins, the course and the outcome of the "Shipping Question" of the period 1886-1914. Documentation for a controversy that was essentially mercantile in its origins and its first dimensions might be thought to be patchy and sparse; but it is gratifying to record that a substantial volume of material has been uncovered. The newspapers and periodicals of the time, especially in the period before the Boer War, devoted much more attention to shipping than has since been usual; The British and South African Export Gazette, South Africa, The African Review, and the London edition of The Cape Argus have been of particular value. In that era, again, the Chambers of Commerce occupied a more prominent position in their communities than they seem to do now, and their meetings were reported at length, often to the extent of several columns of newsprint; these reports have been of great assistance. It is fortunate, moreover, that the papers of two of the leading protagonists on the South African side have survived: the Garlick Papers and the Jagger Papers, now housed in the University of Cape Town Libraries; these, while perhaps not as full as might have been hoped, have shed a good deal of light on mercantile thinking and strategy. If the controversy had been confined to the mercantile sector, however, it would scarcely justify detailed investigation. It entered also into the sphere of government and politics and it came to assume an Imperial dimension; and in these aspects it is pleasingly well documented in official primary sources. The papers of prominent public figures, furthermore, have yielded some valuable insights and, in some cases, the documents that rightfully belong in official repositories! The minutes of one of the corporate bodies to the dispute - the South African Merchants' Committee in London - are still extant, and they have been of great use in supplementing the (sometimes condensed) versions of the Committee's proceedings that are available from newspaper- and other sources. While disappointingly attenuated in some areas, the records of the Union-Castle Line have been alike fascinating and indispensable. The papers of Percy Molteno, a member of the Line's management and one of the leading actors in the second part of this study, form a valuable supplement to the records. One cause for regret has been the absence of primary sources emanating from the other shipping lines involved in the controversy. The Union- Castle Line was the dominant partner in the trade, and will therefore occupy the centre of the stage; but its colleagues' records would have been useful in perhaps correcting undue emphases or false perspectives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Solomon, Vivian
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Shipping conferences -- History Shipping -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1039 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004667
- Description: From Preface: For the best part of a generation the "Shipping Question" was a talking-point in South Africa; yet today it is completely forgotten, and the name of its leading actor is virtually unknown. Scant reference to the controversy will be found in economic- or other histories; in the rare cases where it is alluded to, the treatment is superficial. This study seeks to fill that gap. At the outset it is advisable to define the scope of the work. It is not a history of the South African shipping trade in the pre-1914 era: shiplovers have had that ground amply covered by Marischal Murray, and indeed are unlikely to find in the following pages much to their taste. Neither is it an economic analysis of shipping conferences: there is a growing body of work on that subject, and this study does not seek to add to it. Nor is it a business history: it does not probe the structure, the management or the profitability of shipping enterprise in the period concerned. A full-scale discussion of these latter topics would be a major undertaking in its own right, nor is it at all certain that the necessary materials are accessible or even extant. In short, the study is concerned with the origins, the course and the outcome of the "Shipping Question" of the period 1886-1914. Documentation for a controversy that was essentially mercantile in its origins and its first dimensions might be thought to be patchy and sparse; but it is gratifying to record that a substantial volume of material has been uncovered. The newspapers and periodicals of the time, especially in the period before the Boer War, devoted much more attention to shipping than has since been usual; The British and South African Export Gazette, South Africa, The African Review, and the London edition of The Cape Argus have been of particular value. In that era, again, the Chambers of Commerce occupied a more prominent position in their communities than they seem to do now, and their meetings were reported at length, often to the extent of several columns of newsprint; these reports have been of great assistance. It is fortunate, moreover, that the papers of two of the leading protagonists on the South African side have survived: the Garlick Papers and the Jagger Papers, now housed in the University of Cape Town Libraries; these, while perhaps not as full as might have been hoped, have shed a good deal of light on mercantile thinking and strategy. If the controversy had been confined to the mercantile sector, however, it would scarcely justify detailed investigation. It entered also into the sphere of government and politics and it came to assume an Imperial dimension; and in these aspects it is pleasingly well documented in official primary sources. The papers of prominent public figures, furthermore, have yielded some valuable insights and, in some cases, the documents that rightfully belong in official repositories! The minutes of one of the corporate bodies to the dispute - the South African Merchants' Committee in London - are still extant, and they have been of great use in supplementing the (sometimes condensed) versions of the Committee's proceedings that are available from newspaper- and other sources. While disappointingly attenuated in some areas, the records of the Union-Castle Line have been alike fascinating and indispensable. The papers of Percy Molteno, a member of the Line's management and one of the leading actors in the second part of this study, form a valuable supplement to the records. One cause for regret has been the absence of primary sources emanating from the other shipping lines involved in the controversy. The Union- Castle Line was the dominant partner in the trade, and will therefore occupy the centre of the stage; but its colleagues' records would have been useful in perhaps correcting undue emphases or false perspectives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
A comprehensive guide to conducting compensation surveys to determine competitive adjustments to base salary ranges
- Authors: Snelgar, Robin John
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Wage surveys , Wages
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2896 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002060
- Description: The compensation process is a complex network of sub-processes directed toward compensating people for services performed, and motivating them to obtain desired levels of performance. Among the intermediate components of this process are wage and salary payments, the awarding of other cost items such as insurance, vacations, sick leave, etc. (fringe benefits), and the provision of essentially non-cost rewards such as recognition, privileges and symbols of status. However, the broad subject of compensation in terms of cost to the organisation may be examined in two sections, namely, wage and salary administration, and fringe benefit administration. The compensation survey forms an integral part of both administration processes, and thus becomes a necessary and essential device in the determination of the final compensation package to the employee.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Snelgar, Robin John
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Wage surveys , Wages
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2896 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002060
- Description: The compensation process is a complex network of sub-processes directed toward compensating people for services performed, and motivating them to obtain desired levels of performance. Among the intermediate components of this process are wage and salary payments, the awarding of other cost items such as insurance, vacations, sick leave, etc. (fringe benefits), and the provision of essentially non-cost rewards such as recognition, privileges and symbols of status. However, the broad subject of compensation in terms of cost to the organisation may be examined in two sections, namely, wage and salary administration, and fringe benefit administration. The compensation survey forms an integral part of both administration processes, and thus becomes a necessary and essential device in the determination of the final compensation package to the employee.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Scientific theories : a philosophical analysis
- Authors: Schwerin, Alan Kenneth
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Science -- Philosophy , Logical positivism , Realism
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001976
- Description: In this essay I have considered some of the philosophical problems involved in attempting to settle the question, What are scientific theories about? And in order to expose these problems, I have dealt with two influential responses to this question of the referents of scientific theories - namely, logical empiricism and realism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Schwerin, Alan Kenneth
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Science -- Philosophy , Logical positivism , Realism
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001976
- Description: In this essay I have considered some of the philosophical problems involved in attempting to settle the question, What are scientific theories about? And in order to expose these problems, I have dealt with two influential responses to this question of the referents of scientific theories - namely, logical empiricism and realism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Extinction as consummation: an exposition of Virginia Woolf's mataphysic of visionary relation
- Authors: Ryan, Rory
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Woolf, Virginia, 1882-1941 , Virginia Woolf
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001822
- Description: What follows is an attempt to circumscribe Virginia Woolf's ideas on life and death, the relation between self and all that which is not self, and the nature of reality, in short, Woolf's vision. I hope that whatever unity and structure may exist in the vision will not be overlooked, and moreover, I intend to avoid imposing a unity where none exists, whether the absence of unity is intentional or accidental
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Ryan, Rory
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Woolf, Virginia, 1882-1941 , Virginia Woolf
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001822
- Description: What follows is an attempt to circumscribe Virginia Woolf's ideas on life and death, the relation between self and all that which is not self, and the nature of reality, in short, Woolf's vision. I hope that whatever unity and structure may exist in the vision will not be overlooked, and moreover, I intend to avoid imposing a unity where none exists, whether the absence of unity is intentional or accidental
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
The geochemistry and petrology of the Karoo andesites and associated basalts of the north-eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Rumble, Keith Christopher
- Date: 1979 , 2013-02-11
- Subjects: Basalt , South Africa , Cape of Good Hope , Geochemistry , Petrology , Andesite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M.Sc
- Identifier: vital:4902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001562
- Description: New geochemical data consisting of major and 15 trace element analyses are presented for 41 rocks from three andesitic and associated basaltic rock occurrences in the North Eastern Cape Province. These include the Pronksberg, Belmore and Roodehoek localities. Field evidence suggests that the three andesites were emplaced during the early stages of Karoo volcanicity. Geochemical variations within the Pronksberg and Roodehoek andesite are small, manifesting the undifferentiated nature of the magmas. Variations within the Belmore andesite are interpreted as representing fractionation of orthopyroxene, accompanied by only minor plagioclase fractionation. Differences in trace element concentrations and inter-element ratios between the andesites and associated basalts of the Pronksberg and Belmore volcanic suites precludes the possibility of the two rock types being genetically related. Geochemical differences constrain the possibility of the three andesites being cogenetic. Magmatic processes resulting in their formation are, however, thought to be similar. The differences in chemistry between the Pronksberg Basalt (High K Type) and Pronksberg Basalt (Drumbo Type) are interpreted as representing the combined influence of weathering, the presence of amygdales and the within-flow variations of alkali elements on the Pronksberg Basalt (High K Type). Similarities in petrography and chemistry justifies a correlation of the Pronksberg Basalt (Drumbo Type) with the Drumbo Basalt Member in the Barkly East area. Data for the Drumbo Basalt (This study) in the Barkly East area confirms and complements previously presented data. Normative chemistry and strontium isotope data indicate a process involving crustal assimilation or melting of crustal rocks as being the most likely explanation for the genesis of the Karoo andesites , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Rumble, Keith Christopher
- Date: 1979 , 2013-02-11
- Subjects: Basalt , South Africa , Cape of Good Hope , Geochemistry , Petrology , Andesite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M.Sc
- Identifier: vital:4902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001562
- Description: New geochemical data consisting of major and 15 trace element analyses are presented for 41 rocks from three andesitic and associated basaltic rock occurrences in the North Eastern Cape Province. These include the Pronksberg, Belmore and Roodehoek localities. Field evidence suggests that the three andesites were emplaced during the early stages of Karoo volcanicity. Geochemical variations within the Pronksberg and Roodehoek andesite are small, manifesting the undifferentiated nature of the magmas. Variations within the Belmore andesite are interpreted as representing fractionation of orthopyroxene, accompanied by only minor plagioclase fractionation. Differences in trace element concentrations and inter-element ratios between the andesites and associated basalts of the Pronksberg and Belmore volcanic suites precludes the possibility of the two rock types being genetically related. Geochemical differences constrain the possibility of the three andesites being cogenetic. Magmatic processes resulting in their formation are, however, thought to be similar. The differences in chemistry between the Pronksberg Basalt (High K Type) and Pronksberg Basalt (Drumbo Type) are interpreted as representing the combined influence of weathering, the presence of amygdales and the within-flow variations of alkali elements on the Pronksberg Basalt (High K Type). Similarities in petrography and chemistry justifies a correlation of the Pronksberg Basalt (Drumbo Type) with the Drumbo Basalt Member in the Barkly East area. Data for the Drumbo Basalt (This study) in the Barkly East area confirms and complements previously presented data. Normative chemistry and strontium isotope data indicate a process involving crustal assimilation or melting of crustal rocks as being the most likely explanation for the genesis of the Karoo andesites , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
A comparison of the performance of selected conceptual models of the rainfall-runoff process in semi-arid catchments near Grahamstown
- Authors: Roberts, Peter J T
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Runoff , Rainfall , South Africa , Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4798 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001898
- Description: A comparison of the performance of selected conceptual models of the rainfall-runoff process forms the central theme of this study and the comparison was conducted with three major objectives in mind. The first objective was to develop a conceptual model that could be used by practising hydrologists for the refinement and extension of historical streamflow records. The major requirements of the model were that it should be simple in structure and easy to operate and yet be flexible in terms of complexity of structure and input requirements as well as producing output at a level of accuracy that is competitive with that of the more complex models presently available. A comparison of the performance of the required model with that of other models formed an integral part of the development process. The second objective of the comparative study was to contribute to current knowledge of the criteria used in the selection of a suitable model for a particular application. There are, at present, no reliable guidelines to assist the hydrologist in selecting a suitable model from the wide range of models available and a comparative study would indicate the merits of various forms of model structure. The third objective is associated with the problems that arise when no streamflow data are available for model calibration. One approach is to calibrate the model in a nearby gauged catchment that the hydrologist regards as being 'hydrologically similar' and transferring the model parameter values to the ungauged catchment. Little is known about the feasibility of this parameter transfer process or about the choice of a model for such an application. The third objective was to test the feasibility of the parameter transfer process and to make use of the comparison of model performance to determine the model characteristics that are most suitable for the purpose
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Roberts, Peter J T
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Runoff , Rainfall , South Africa , Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4798 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001898
- Description: A comparison of the performance of selected conceptual models of the rainfall-runoff process forms the central theme of this study and the comparison was conducted with three major objectives in mind. The first objective was to develop a conceptual model that could be used by practising hydrologists for the refinement and extension of historical streamflow records. The major requirements of the model were that it should be simple in structure and easy to operate and yet be flexible in terms of complexity of structure and input requirements as well as producing output at a level of accuracy that is competitive with that of the more complex models presently available. A comparison of the performance of the required model with that of other models formed an integral part of the development process. The second objective of the comparative study was to contribute to current knowledge of the criteria used in the selection of a suitable model for a particular application. There are, at present, no reliable guidelines to assist the hydrologist in selecting a suitable model from the wide range of models available and a comparative study would indicate the merits of various forms of model structure. The third objective is associated with the problems that arise when no streamflow data are available for model calibration. One approach is to calibrate the model in a nearby gauged catchment that the hydrologist regards as being 'hydrologically similar' and transferring the model parameter values to the ungauged catchment. Little is known about the feasibility of this parameter transfer process or about the choice of a model for such an application. The third objective was to test the feasibility of the parameter transfer process and to make use of the comparison of model performance to determine the model characteristics that are most suitable for the purpose
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
A mineralogical investigation of co-existing iron-titanium oxides from various igneous rocks with special reference to some South African titaniferous iron ores
- Authors: Reynolds, Ivan Melvin
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Igneous rocks Mineralogy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4926 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004589
- Description: Part I consists of a detailied review of the available literature on the Fe- Ti oxides and their solid solution relationships. Particular attention is glven to the microstructures exhibited by these oxides and the hypotheses put forward to explain them. These data are synthesised and models are presented in which the microstructural developments in titaniferous magnetites amd ilmenites are explained in terms of current ideas on the influence of oxygen fugacity, exsolution mechanisms and crystal chemistry. These models have direct application to the microintergrowths observed in the naturally occurring Fe-Ti oxides from a wide range of igneous rocks. The available data on the minor and trace element chemistry of the Fe-Ti oxides are reviewed with particular reference to their variation in these minerals from different host rocks. The behaviour of the Fe-Ti oxides during secondary oxidation is discussed with particular reference to the oxidation of titaniferous magnetite and the weathering of ilmenite. The results of a mineralogical investigation into the co-existing Fe-Ti oxides from a range of igneous rocks including kimberlites, gabbros, dolerites, diabases, syenites, granophyres, granites and pegmatites are presented in Part 2 together with data on the ilmenites present in certain Eastern Cape beach sands. The kimberlite ilmenites are chemically distinct and can be readily distinguished on the basis of their relatively high MgO, Fe₂0₃ and Cr₂O₃ contents. They can also be distinguished from ilmenites from other igneous rocks on the basis of unit cell dimensions, d-spacings, reflectivities and micro-indentation hardness. The ilmenites from a wide range of basic to granitic igneous rocks exhibit a limited compositional range in which the MnO content appears to increase with increasing Si0₂ content. Relatively insensitive indirectly determined parameters such as unit cell dimensions, reflectivities and micro-indentation hardnesses cannot be used to distinguish between the ilmenites from the different rock types in these classes. The titaniferous magnetites exhibit progressively decreasing Ti0₂ contents from a maximum in the basic igneous rocks to a minimum in the granitic types. The titaniferous magnetite typically exhibits varying degrees of deuteric alteration, while the microstructures developed can be interpreted 1n terms of the models presented in Part 1. Part 3 represents an extension of Part 2 and deals with a mineralogical investigation of the titaniferous iron ores in five South African basic intrusions. The Bushveld and Kaffirskraal ores consist of multi-phase titaniferous magnetite grains containing crystallographically oriented ilmenite, ulvospinel and pleonaste microintergrowths. Minor coarser-grained ilmenite is also present. The Usushwana ores are texturally similar but contain abundant lamellar ilmenite in place of the ulvospinel. The primary features are well preserved in the unmetamorphosed Bushveld and Kaffirskraal ores. The Usushwana ores have been slightly metamorphosed resulting in the extensive replacement of the titaniferous magnetites by sphene and chlorite aggregates. The ores from these three complexes cannot be beneficiated by conventional ore-dressing techniques and require direct metallurgical treatment for the recovery of Fe, Ti0₂ and V₂O₅. The metamorphosed Mambula and Rooiwater ores have been recrystallised to a varying degrees and consist of multi-phase titaniferous magnetite grains containing modified ilmenite and pleonaste microintergrowths. These modified microstructures differ from those encountered in titaniferous magnetites from unmetnmorphosed basic rocks and their degree of modification can be related to the degree of met amorphism. Variable amounts of coarse granular ilmenite are also present and their development is related to the metamorphic grade and degree of recrystallisation. These ores can be partially beneficiated to yield ilmenite- and lower-Ti0₂ magnetite concentrates in which V₂O₅ contents of the magnetic fractions are higher than those of the original ores. The Trompsburg ores differ from those of the other complexes in that they are Mg-rich and are characterised by the presence of abundant olivine. The titaniferous magnetites typically exhibit well-defined ulvospinel cloth textures and are often surrounded by small amounts of graphite. They show evidence of a variety of extensive late-stage alteration features. The ores from the five investigated complexes are compared with similar ores from the Bushveld Complex. The ores from each complex can be readily distinguished on the basis of their chemical compositions and textural relationships. These features can be related to their crystallisation his tories and, in some cases, to post-crystallisation processes. The microstructural evolution of the ores from each complex is interpreted in terms of the models developed in Part I.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Reynolds, Ivan Melvin
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Igneous rocks Mineralogy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4926 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004589
- Description: Part I consists of a detailied review of the available literature on the Fe- Ti oxides and their solid solution relationships. Particular attention is glven to the microstructures exhibited by these oxides and the hypotheses put forward to explain them. These data are synthesised and models are presented in which the microstructural developments in titaniferous magnetites amd ilmenites are explained in terms of current ideas on the influence of oxygen fugacity, exsolution mechanisms and crystal chemistry. These models have direct application to the microintergrowths observed in the naturally occurring Fe-Ti oxides from a wide range of igneous rocks. The available data on the minor and trace element chemistry of the Fe-Ti oxides are reviewed with particular reference to their variation in these minerals from different host rocks. The behaviour of the Fe-Ti oxides during secondary oxidation is discussed with particular reference to the oxidation of titaniferous magnetite and the weathering of ilmenite. The results of a mineralogical investigation into the co-existing Fe-Ti oxides from a range of igneous rocks including kimberlites, gabbros, dolerites, diabases, syenites, granophyres, granites and pegmatites are presented in Part 2 together with data on the ilmenites present in certain Eastern Cape beach sands. The kimberlite ilmenites are chemically distinct and can be readily distinguished on the basis of their relatively high MgO, Fe₂0₃ and Cr₂O₃ contents. They can also be distinguished from ilmenites from other igneous rocks on the basis of unit cell dimensions, d-spacings, reflectivities and micro-indentation hardness. The ilmenites from a wide range of basic to granitic igneous rocks exhibit a limited compositional range in which the MnO content appears to increase with increasing Si0₂ content. Relatively insensitive indirectly determined parameters such as unit cell dimensions, reflectivities and micro-indentation hardnesses cannot be used to distinguish between the ilmenites from the different rock types in these classes. The titaniferous magnetites exhibit progressively decreasing Ti0₂ contents from a maximum in the basic igneous rocks to a minimum in the granitic types. The titaniferous magnetite typically exhibits varying degrees of deuteric alteration, while the microstructures developed can be interpreted 1n terms of the models presented in Part 1. Part 3 represents an extension of Part 2 and deals with a mineralogical investigation of the titaniferous iron ores in five South African basic intrusions. The Bushveld and Kaffirskraal ores consist of multi-phase titaniferous magnetite grains containing crystallographically oriented ilmenite, ulvospinel and pleonaste microintergrowths. Minor coarser-grained ilmenite is also present. The Usushwana ores are texturally similar but contain abundant lamellar ilmenite in place of the ulvospinel. The primary features are well preserved in the unmetamorphosed Bushveld and Kaffirskraal ores. The Usushwana ores have been slightly metamorphosed resulting in the extensive replacement of the titaniferous magnetites by sphene and chlorite aggregates. The ores from these three complexes cannot be beneficiated by conventional ore-dressing techniques and require direct metallurgical treatment for the recovery of Fe, Ti0₂ and V₂O₅. The metamorphosed Mambula and Rooiwater ores have been recrystallised to a varying degrees and consist of multi-phase titaniferous magnetite grains containing modified ilmenite and pleonaste microintergrowths. These modified microstructures differ from those encountered in titaniferous magnetites from unmetnmorphosed basic rocks and their degree of modification can be related to the degree of met amorphism. Variable amounts of coarse granular ilmenite are also present and their development is related to the metamorphic grade and degree of recrystallisation. These ores can be partially beneficiated to yield ilmenite- and lower-Ti0₂ magnetite concentrates in which V₂O₅ contents of the magnetic fractions are higher than those of the original ores. The Trompsburg ores differ from those of the other complexes in that they are Mg-rich and are characterised by the presence of abundant olivine. The titaniferous magnetites typically exhibit well-defined ulvospinel cloth textures and are often surrounded by small amounts of graphite. They show evidence of a variety of extensive late-stage alteration features. The ores from the five investigated complexes are compared with similar ores from the Bushveld Complex. The ores from each complex can be readily distinguished on the basis of their chemical compositions and textural relationships. These features can be related to their crystallisation his tories and, in some cases, to post-crystallisation processes. The microstructural evolution of the ores from each complex is interpreted in terms of the models developed in Part I.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Oblique incidence investigations of the ionosphere over the Southern Ocean
- Authors: Rash, Jonathan Paul Stuart
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Ionosphere Ionosphere -- Antartctic Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001991
- Description: The region of the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans ... is of considerable interest in ionospheric and aeronomic research owing to the presence of several 'anomalies'. The most notable of these is the South Atlantic (or Brazilian) Anomaly associated with the global minimum of magnetic field intensity off the coast of Brazil (Introduction, p. 1)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Rash, Jonathan Paul Stuart
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Ionosphere Ionosphere -- Antartctic Ocean
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001991
- Description: The region of the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans ... is of considerable interest in ionospheric and aeronomic research owing to the presence of several 'anomalies'. The most notable of these is the South Atlantic (or Brazilian) Anomaly associated with the global minimum of magnetic field intensity off the coast of Brazil (Introduction, p. 1)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
The quality of threat in modern painting
- Authors: Radford, Anne Margaret
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Painting, Modern -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007578
- Description: From Introduction: We not only tolerate violence, we put it on the front pages of our newspapers. One-third or one-fourth of our television programmes use it for the amusement of our children. Condone! My dear friends, we love it." -Karl Menninger, psychiatrist. War is one of the most violent of man's past-times, yet many of the atrocities committed are termed heroic deeds. Andre Malraux, one of the leading writer-philosophers of his day, praised the international involvement by so many writers, artists, etc. in the Spanish Civil War as one of the most wonderful deeds of brotherhood in the history of mankind. There is a strange idolatry that is often accorded to violent criminals such as the early American outlaws, and people like Charles Manson, around whom an entire cult has sprung up. The "aggressive machismo" is something that boys and young men strive to achieve in most countries in the Western world. Scientlsts and philosophers have puzzled these paradoxes for centuries, and this effort to unravel the mystery of violence and aggression bears a fateful significant. For the quality of human life and the survival of man are involved. Robbery, rape, riots, vandalism, are all now part of man's existence. Around the world, violence has soared. In London, violent crimes increased by 39 per cent in three years. Even sports events (the soccer fans stage gang wars at most soccer matches nowadays, especially in England,) and entertainment ---books, movies, television--- have become permeated with violence. It has not always been as bad as this, and as art imitates life, life imitates art, and so aggressive paintings, threatening paintings are now commonplace. In this dissertation, I have studied this development of threat in painting. What follows is the course my study has taken.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Radford, Anne Margaret
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Painting, Modern -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007578
- Description: From Introduction: We not only tolerate violence, we put it on the front pages of our newspapers. One-third or one-fourth of our television programmes use it for the amusement of our children. Condone! My dear friends, we love it." -Karl Menninger, psychiatrist. War is one of the most violent of man's past-times, yet many of the atrocities committed are termed heroic deeds. Andre Malraux, one of the leading writer-philosophers of his day, praised the international involvement by so many writers, artists, etc. in the Spanish Civil War as one of the most wonderful deeds of brotherhood in the history of mankind. There is a strange idolatry that is often accorded to violent criminals such as the early American outlaws, and people like Charles Manson, around whom an entire cult has sprung up. The "aggressive machismo" is something that boys and young men strive to achieve in most countries in the Western world. Scientlsts and philosophers have puzzled these paradoxes for centuries, and this effort to unravel the mystery of violence and aggression bears a fateful significant. For the quality of human life and the survival of man are involved. Robbery, rape, riots, vandalism, are all now part of man's existence. Around the world, violence has soared. In London, violent crimes increased by 39 per cent in three years. Even sports events (the soccer fans stage gang wars at most soccer matches nowadays, especially in England,) and entertainment ---books, movies, television--- have become permeated with violence. It has not always been as bad as this, and as art imitates life, life imitates art, and so aggressive paintings, threatening paintings are now commonplace. In this dissertation, I have studied this development of threat in painting. What follows is the course my study has taken.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
The contribution of Spartina Maratima (Curtis) Fernald to the primary production of the Swartkops estuary
- Authors: Pierce, Shirley May
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Estuarine biology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River Estuary , Spartina
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4174 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002022 , Estuarine biology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River Estuary , Spartina
- Description: The primary production of Spartina maritima, the dominant macrophyte of the intertidal salt marshes of the Swartkops estuary, was determined for inclusion into the proposed ecosystem model. Several methods for measuring net production devised for North temperate Spartina species were used, as no single method was considered reliable for the local species. In addition, a new method was devised to take into account the aseasonal growth behaviour of S. maritima . Most energy for growth appears to be directed into leaf production, rather than shoot growth. Live net production values were 523-680 g m⁻² yr ⁻¹, which are generally lower than estimates of N. American Spartina species. Total Live production of S. maritima for the whole Swartkops estuary was 495,6 x I0³kg yr ⁻¹, which is an estimation of potential food resources. Formation of S. maritima detritus by decomposition was significantly related to air and water temperatures. Thus detritus production showed a wide seasonal variation about a mean of 374 g m⁻² yr⁻¹. The total S. maritima detritus production of 307,5 x I0³kg for the whole Swartkops estuary was determined as an estimate of available food resources. Export of detrital material from Spartina marshes to estuarine waters was negligible. Even during a maximal Equinoctial tide, only 6,26 dry g m⁻² detritus was exported from the creek catchment area of Spartina stands. This study has shown that concepts evolved for North temperate estuaries should be carefully considered before being applied to local situations, particularly in view of the relatively low, aseasonal production of S. maritima and the negligible contribution of its detritus to estuarine waters. Furthermore, it is essential that utilisation of primary production by secondary producers be determined before the function of the estuarine ecosystem may be understood
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Pierce, Shirley May
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Estuarine biology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River Estuary , Spartina
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4174 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002022 , Estuarine biology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River Estuary , Spartina
- Description: The primary production of Spartina maritima, the dominant macrophyte of the intertidal salt marshes of the Swartkops estuary, was determined for inclusion into the proposed ecosystem model. Several methods for measuring net production devised for North temperate Spartina species were used, as no single method was considered reliable for the local species. In addition, a new method was devised to take into account the aseasonal growth behaviour of S. maritima . Most energy for growth appears to be directed into leaf production, rather than shoot growth. Live net production values were 523-680 g m⁻² yr ⁻¹, which are generally lower than estimates of N. American Spartina species. Total Live production of S. maritima for the whole Swartkops estuary was 495,6 x I0³kg yr ⁻¹, which is an estimation of potential food resources. Formation of S. maritima detritus by decomposition was significantly related to air and water temperatures. Thus detritus production showed a wide seasonal variation about a mean of 374 g m⁻² yr⁻¹. The total S. maritima detritus production of 307,5 x I0³kg for the whole Swartkops estuary was determined as an estimate of available food resources. Export of detrital material from Spartina marshes to estuarine waters was negligible. Even during a maximal Equinoctial tide, only 6,26 dry g m⁻² detritus was exported from the creek catchment area of Spartina stands. This study has shown that concepts evolved for North temperate estuaries should be carefully considered before being applied to local situations, particularly in view of the relatively low, aseasonal production of S. maritima and the negligible contribution of its detritus to estuarine waters. Furthermore, it is essential that utilisation of primary production by secondary producers be determined before the function of the estuarine ecosystem may be understood
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Satan and Lucifer: a comparison of their metamorphoses from Angel to Devil in Milton's Paradise lost and Vondel's Lucifer and Adam in Ballingschap
- Authors: Paterson, Lynette
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Milton, John, 1608-1674 Vondel, Joost van den, 1587-1679
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2184 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001837
- Description: The aim of this thesis is to compare the poetic delineation of the character of Satan in Paradise Lost with that of Lucifer in Lucifer and Adam in Ballingschap, and to consider the influence of the genre in each case , not in order to prove similarities or differences , but rather to allow the characters to illuminate each other. Both Satan and Lucifer develop progressively from angel to devil in the course of the poem or play. However, this process is more than just a physical metamorphosis, or even a moral degeneration. It is in each case a process of identity change, intensely and consciously experienced by the character. The fall is a movement from God to Self. The unfallen creature's integrity consists in his submergence in the Being and Will of God; for the fallen creature integrity means a separate, independent self-hood. In rebelling against their role and duty as Archangel, Satan and Lucifer rebel against submergence in the Being of God and thus against their very nature and the order of things. Consequently they experience personal and psychological disintegration. From this condition of imbalance and uncertainty they both develop to a new state of personal reintegration and unequivocal identity, now as Arch-fiend. In neither case is the process instant or entirely concurrent with the physical fall into Hell. Rather, it is protracted, hence the division of this thesis into sections that focus on the different stages in the development: Archangel, Arch-rebel and Arch- fiend (introduction, p. ii-iii).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Paterson, Lynette
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Milton, John, 1608-1674 Vondel, Joost van den, 1587-1679
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2184 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001837
- Description: The aim of this thesis is to compare the poetic delineation of the character of Satan in Paradise Lost with that of Lucifer in Lucifer and Adam in Ballingschap, and to consider the influence of the genre in each case , not in order to prove similarities or differences , but rather to allow the characters to illuminate each other. Both Satan and Lucifer develop progressively from angel to devil in the course of the poem or play. However, this process is more than just a physical metamorphosis, or even a moral degeneration. It is in each case a process of identity change, intensely and consciously experienced by the character. The fall is a movement from God to Self. The unfallen creature's integrity consists in his submergence in the Being and Will of God; for the fallen creature integrity means a separate, independent self-hood. In rebelling against their role and duty as Archangel, Satan and Lucifer rebel against submergence in the Being of God and thus against their very nature and the order of things. Consequently they experience personal and psychological disintegration. From this condition of imbalance and uncertainty they both develop to a new state of personal reintegration and unequivocal identity, now as Arch-fiend. In neither case is the process instant or entirely concurrent with the physical fall into Hell. Rather, it is protracted, hence the division of this thesis into sections that focus on the different stages in the development: Archangel, Arch-rebel and Arch- fiend (introduction, p. ii-iii).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
A computer-controlled tracking system
- Authors: Oberem, Graham Edmund
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Artificial satellites -- Tracking
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5437 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001990
- Description: A computer-controlled tracking system has been designed and constructed for the two metre antenna of the 22 GHz radio telescope at Rhodes University. The control system has been tested and its step response has been analysed with a view to response time optimization. Computer programs for tracking the sun and the moon have been written. Initial results of tracking the sun have revealed linearity and temperature stability problems. These problems have been investigated and suggestions have been made as to how they might be removed
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Oberem, Graham Edmund
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Artificial satellites -- Tracking
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5437 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001990
- Description: A computer-controlled tracking system has been designed and constructed for the two metre antenna of the 22 GHz radio telescope at Rhodes University. The control system has been tested and its step response has been analysed with a view to response time optimization. Computer programs for tracking the sun and the moon have been written. Initial results of tracking the sun have revealed linearity and temperature stability problems. These problems have been investigated and suggestions have been made as to how they might be removed
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Lesniewski's logic aspects of his protothetic, ontology and mereology
- Authors: Norman, Max
- Date: 1979
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:21148 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6596
- Description: Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939) was professor of Philosophy of Mathematics at the University of Warsaw from 1919 until his death. He played a leading role in the Warsaw school of logic and had a lasting influence on many of its members. Lesniewski constructed his first description of mereology in colloquial language and in the absence of a secure logical foundation. In order to effectively distinguish between the collective and distributive notions of class, further description of the distributive notion was necessary. He therefore formalized the distributive concepts in his theory of ontology. Henceforth "ontology" will be used specifically to refer to this theory of Lesniewski. Finally, the construction of protothetic (a system of propositional logic) provided a sound logical foundation of Lesniewski's ontology and mereology. Protothetic, together with his prescribed rules of procedure and his grammar of semantic categories, also facilitated the formalization of his systems in a logically rigorous manner. All of the researchers acknowledge that one of Lesniewski's most fundamental achievements was the development of his deductive systems (protothetic, ontology and mereology).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Norman, Max
- Date: 1979
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:21148 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6596
- Description: Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939) was professor of Philosophy of Mathematics at the University of Warsaw from 1919 until his death. He played a leading role in the Warsaw school of logic and had a lasting influence on many of its members. Lesniewski constructed his first description of mereology in colloquial language and in the absence of a secure logical foundation. In order to effectively distinguish between the collective and distributive notions of class, further description of the distributive notion was necessary. He therefore formalized the distributive concepts in his theory of ontology. Henceforth "ontology" will be used specifically to refer to this theory of Lesniewski. Finally, the construction of protothetic (a system of propositional logic) provided a sound logical foundation of Lesniewski's ontology and mereology. Protothetic, together with his prescribed rules of procedure and his grammar of semantic categories, also facilitated the formalization of his systems in a logically rigorous manner. All of the researchers acknowledge that one of Lesniewski's most fundamental achievements was the development of his deductive systems (protothetic, ontology and mereology).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
Graaff-Reinet and the Great Depression (1929-1933)
- Authors: Minnaar, Anthony de V
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Graaff-Reinet (South Africa) -- History , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1918-1961
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001847
- Description: The Depression of 1929-1933 was a world-wide phenomenon, in which "no aspect of the economy, no part of the world, escaped devastation". ¹ Accordingly the study of a medium sized rural town in South Africa during the period of the Depression, should show effects and reactions that were, in general, indicative of worldwide trends. In choosing Graaff- Reinet, I felt that being a close-knit community , with its urban and rural populations closely associated with each other, and the white, coloured and black sections of the population interdependent, it adequately represented a microcosm of South Africa as a whole. Then, too, Graaff- Reinet was ideally suited to illustrate the reality, that in South Africa during the Depression " the farmers were the most heavily hit of all". ² The single most significant product of the Graaff- Reinet district was wool, which at the time of the Depression was South Africa's second most important export, and consequently the well-being of the whole district depended largely on the market performance of this product . During the Depression the price of wool dropped drastically and the Graaff-Reinet farmers suffered in consequence . Graaff-Reinet also went, almost according to a blueprint, through the general phases of the Depression. The privations of the farming community led to the financial embarrassment of the local financial institutions causing their collapse , which in its turn led to the widespread hardship of everyone in the town. But these events all had a particular Graaff-Reinet quality, and the twists to the general outline are rooted deep in the local character of the district . Historically Graaff-Reinet is extremely interesting. It is the fourth oldest town in South Africa, being established in 1786, and in studying Graaf-Reinet one cannot but become conscious of the immense tradition and the awareness of history , which all its people have. The study itself starts with a general outline of the Worldwide Depre ssion, its causes and results, then moves on to the Depression in South Africa . The study of Graaff-Reinet in the Depression is divided into three basic sections, the Farmers, the Townspeople, and the Politics of Graaff-Reinet during the Depression. All three contain their own sub-divisions dealing with different aspects. In the Graaff-Reinet sections are included references to national events, tying them to, and explaining the course of, local happenings. In short the study becomes the story of how the Depression effected the people of Graaff-Reinet, how they suffered during this period and how they reacted to it. A final concluding section deals with their general recovery from the Depression. ¹ Heaton, H. : Kruger, D. W. The Economic History of Europe. p. 696. ²The Making of a Nation; a history of the Union of South Africa 19l0 - 1960. p. 158.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979
- Authors: Minnaar, Anthony de V
- Date: 1979
- Subjects: Graaff-Reinet (South Africa) -- History , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1918-1961
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001847
- Description: The Depression of 1929-1933 was a world-wide phenomenon, in which "no aspect of the economy, no part of the world, escaped devastation". ¹ Accordingly the study of a medium sized rural town in South Africa during the period of the Depression, should show effects and reactions that were, in general, indicative of worldwide trends. In choosing Graaff- Reinet, I felt that being a close-knit community , with its urban and rural populations closely associated with each other, and the white, coloured and black sections of the population interdependent, it adequately represented a microcosm of South Africa as a whole. Then, too, Graaff- Reinet was ideally suited to illustrate the reality, that in South Africa during the Depression " the farmers were the most heavily hit of all". ² The single most significant product of the Graaff- Reinet district was wool, which at the time of the Depression was South Africa's second most important export, and consequently the well-being of the whole district depended largely on the market performance of this product . During the Depression the price of wool dropped drastically and the Graaff-Reinet farmers suffered in consequence . Graaff-Reinet also went, almost according to a blueprint, through the general phases of the Depression. The privations of the farming community led to the financial embarrassment of the local financial institutions causing their collapse , which in its turn led to the widespread hardship of everyone in the town. But these events all had a particular Graaff-Reinet quality, and the twists to the general outline are rooted deep in the local character of the district . Historically Graaff-Reinet is extremely interesting. It is the fourth oldest town in South Africa, being established in 1786, and in studying Graaf-Reinet one cannot but become conscious of the immense tradition and the awareness of history , which all its people have. The study itself starts with a general outline of the Worldwide Depre ssion, its causes and results, then moves on to the Depression in South Africa . The study of Graaff-Reinet in the Depression is divided into three basic sections, the Farmers, the Townspeople, and the Politics of Graaff-Reinet during the Depression. All three contain their own sub-divisions dealing with different aspects. In the Graaff-Reinet sections are included references to national events, tying them to, and explaining the course of, local happenings. In short the study becomes the story of how the Depression effected the people of Graaff-Reinet, how they suffered during this period and how they reacted to it. A final concluding section deals with their general recovery from the Depression. ¹ Heaton, H. : Kruger, D. W. The Economic History of Europe. p. 696. ²The Making of a Nation; a history of the Union of South Africa 19l0 - 1960. p. 158.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1979