Releasing the pause button on Hugh Tracey’s field recordings of 1959: repatriation and revitalisation of a selection of the Bangwaketse music held at the International Library of African Music (ILAM)
- Authors: Mojaki, Pinkie Gomolemo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4267 , vital:20640
- Description: This thesis examines an attempt at repatriation and the revitalisation of archival holdings from the International Library of African Music (ILAM) to the Bangwaketse community of Botswana. I assess how the attempt may shape future possibilities for the repatriation of more recordings from ILAM to other areas in Botswana. Drawing on the narrative compiled from the various sessions of memory retrieval and recollections of the past, I establish how the Bangwaketse claim ownership of their musical heritage. Memory and nostalgic reactions to musical sound contribute to a construction of communal truths as held by the people who claim their heritage to the music from ILAM. Memory retrieval and recollection are explored in this research as a process that allows the members of the community to reconnect with their past, interpret their memories, modify and create the ideal image of their community and retell their stories. Through the interactions and exploration of memory, I explore how the Bangwaketse are motivated to engage with the recordings from ILAM. In addition, based on the observation of the recent music performances of the Bangwaketse, I examine how the approaches they used, to sustain the traditional music that they continue to play, may inform the process of returning and revitalising archival holdings from ILAM. I argue that, for the purpose of revitalising the old archival recordings, the performers require incentives that are related to social developments and their contexts. Furthermore, the revitalisation effort is a joint effort between the performers, culture bearers as well as the audiences. In addition, I argue that in order to reinsert the archival recordings in the community, the recordings should be worked through the education sector and be taught to all generations, especially the children who hold the possibility of continued music revitalisation. The research evaluates how the traditional music of the Bangwaketse is conceptualized in recent years by the different research participants. The project further describes the innate need for a continued music culture by the Bangwaketse. Some sections of the data explain how music ‘escaped’ the social practices and structures of the past. After tracing how the traditional music ceased, I study how the Bangwaketse communally construct different strategies to re-insert the music into their livelihoods in order to realise the revitalisation of ILAM recordings in their original performance contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mojaki, Pinkie Gomolemo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4267 , vital:20640
- Description: This thesis examines an attempt at repatriation and the revitalisation of archival holdings from the International Library of African Music (ILAM) to the Bangwaketse community of Botswana. I assess how the attempt may shape future possibilities for the repatriation of more recordings from ILAM to other areas in Botswana. Drawing on the narrative compiled from the various sessions of memory retrieval and recollections of the past, I establish how the Bangwaketse claim ownership of their musical heritage. Memory and nostalgic reactions to musical sound contribute to a construction of communal truths as held by the people who claim their heritage to the music from ILAM. Memory retrieval and recollection are explored in this research as a process that allows the members of the community to reconnect with their past, interpret their memories, modify and create the ideal image of their community and retell their stories. Through the interactions and exploration of memory, I explore how the Bangwaketse are motivated to engage with the recordings from ILAM. In addition, based on the observation of the recent music performances of the Bangwaketse, I examine how the approaches they used, to sustain the traditional music that they continue to play, may inform the process of returning and revitalising archival holdings from ILAM. I argue that, for the purpose of revitalising the old archival recordings, the performers require incentives that are related to social developments and their contexts. Furthermore, the revitalisation effort is a joint effort between the performers, culture bearers as well as the audiences. In addition, I argue that in order to reinsert the archival recordings in the community, the recordings should be worked through the education sector and be taught to all generations, especially the children who hold the possibility of continued music revitalisation. The research evaluates how the traditional music of the Bangwaketse is conceptualized in recent years by the different research participants. The project further describes the innate need for a continued music culture by the Bangwaketse. Some sections of the data explain how music ‘escaped’ the social practices and structures of the past. After tracing how the traditional music ceased, I study how the Bangwaketse communally construct different strategies to re-insert the music into their livelihoods in order to realise the revitalisation of ILAM recordings in their original performance contexts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Relevance of the family assessment for least developed countries (FALDC) assessment tool rendering child protection services in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mgidi, Siphelele
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Child abuse -- South Africa -- Prevention Family social work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6335 , vital:29578
- Description: Assessment tools have been used for various purposes, including for protecting children from maltreatment. The main aim of this study was to to evaluate and determine the relevance of the Family Assessment for Leased Developed Countries (FALDC) assessment tool for child protection services in the Eastern Cape Province. The research was conducted using the social developmental welfare approach (Patel, 2005) and ecological systems theory (Healy, 2005). The study made use of the qualitative research method; in doing so the study made use of the case study design. In using the qualitative research method, focus group discussions were conducted with 29 social workers involved in child protection services. The findings of the study indicated that the FALDC assessment tool provides information useful for child protection services even though it contains sections that are regarded as less relevant to child protection. The study also founded that the FALDC assessment tool is relevant to child protection in the South African context, yet it needs to be aligned so that it provides much of the information desired by those involved in child protection. A conclusion drawn from this study is that the FALDC assessment tool appears to be relevant for child protection services. The FALDC assessment tool needs to be adjusted taking into consideration other aspects important to child protection in the South African child protection context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mgidi, Siphelele
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Child abuse -- South Africa -- Prevention Family social work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6335 , vital:29578
- Description: Assessment tools have been used for various purposes, including for protecting children from maltreatment. The main aim of this study was to to evaluate and determine the relevance of the Family Assessment for Leased Developed Countries (FALDC) assessment tool for child protection services in the Eastern Cape Province. The research was conducted using the social developmental welfare approach (Patel, 2005) and ecological systems theory (Healy, 2005). The study made use of the qualitative research method; in doing so the study made use of the case study design. In using the qualitative research method, focus group discussions were conducted with 29 social workers involved in child protection services. The findings of the study indicated that the FALDC assessment tool provides information useful for child protection services even though it contains sections that are regarded as less relevant to child protection. The study also founded that the FALDC assessment tool is relevant to child protection in the South African context, yet it needs to be aligned so that it provides much of the information desired by those involved in child protection. A conclusion drawn from this study is that the FALDC assessment tool appears to be relevant for child protection services. The FALDC assessment tool needs to be adjusted taking into consideration other aspects important to child protection in the South African child protection context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Remastered:
- Authors: Ntombela, N
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146423 , vital:38524 , https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/49246/the-exhibitionist-journal-on-exhibition-making/
- Description: Exhibition abstract. Issue 12 scrutinizes our founding premise, that The Exhibitionist is a journal “by curators, for curators.” When we launched six years ago, this circuit of self-reflection seemed necessary, and enabled a conversation that was not available in other venues. But one effect of this focus, as we see it now, was a siloing-off of curatorial thinking from other parts of the field of exhibition making—which is, after all, based in collective forms of authorship.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ntombela, N
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146423 , vital:38524 , https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/49246/the-exhibitionist-journal-on-exhibition-making/
- Description: Exhibition abstract. Issue 12 scrutinizes our founding premise, that The Exhibitionist is a journal “by curators, for curators.” When we launched six years ago, this circuit of self-reflection seemed necessary, and enabled a conversation that was not available in other venues. But one effect of this focus, as we see it now, was a siloing-off of curatorial thinking from other parts of the field of exhibition making—which is, after all, based in collective forms of authorship.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Remediation of metal ions in aqueous solution using activated carbon from Zea may stem
- Authors: Matandabuzo, Mzukisi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11360 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021328
- Description: Zea mays stem and its activated carbon were prepared through chemical activation method using four different activating reagents (NaOH, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, KOH) and were used as adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solution. The results shows that activated carbon has high surface area and pore volume compared to the powdered raw Zea mays stem. Prepared activated carbon was characterized using physico-chemical properties such as carbon yield, iodine number, moisture content, percentage adsorption, and analytical instruments such as Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), powder X-ray Diffraction (pXRD). The adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III) ions were pH, contact time, and concentration dependent. Based on the results obtained from the batch experiments, activated carbon prepared from Zea mays stem is not good enough for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution. Adsorption ability was calculated and found to be 66.67% for activated carbon obtained from H₂SO₄, 21.21% for activated carbon obtained from KOH, and 20% for activated carbons obtained from NaOH and H₃PO₄. The pH 5-6 was chosen for all experiments, contact time was 2 hours, and adsorbent dosage was 2 g, initial concentration range from 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm at room temperature. The metal ion removal trend was found in the order Pb(II)>Cu(II)>Cr(III)>>Hg(II). The Langmuir model fitted well in most of the cases with > 0.99. Consequently, the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) followed Langmuir isotherm model while that of Cr(III) best fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed two possible mechanisms. (I) Metal ion – adsorbent complex model and (II) Metal ion – ion-exchange adsorbent complex model.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Matandabuzo, Mzukisi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Chemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11360 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021328
- Description: Zea mays stem and its activated carbon were prepared through chemical activation method using four different activating reagents (NaOH, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, KOH) and were used as adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solution. The results shows that activated carbon has high surface area and pore volume compared to the powdered raw Zea mays stem. Prepared activated carbon was characterized using physico-chemical properties such as carbon yield, iodine number, moisture content, percentage adsorption, and analytical instruments such as Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), powder X-ray Diffraction (pXRD). The adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III) ions were pH, contact time, and concentration dependent. Based on the results obtained from the batch experiments, activated carbon prepared from Zea mays stem is not good enough for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution. Adsorption ability was calculated and found to be 66.67% for activated carbon obtained from H₂SO₄, 21.21% for activated carbon obtained from KOH, and 20% for activated carbons obtained from NaOH and H₃PO₄. The pH 5-6 was chosen for all experiments, contact time was 2 hours, and adsorbent dosage was 2 g, initial concentration range from 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm at room temperature. The metal ion removal trend was found in the order Pb(II)>Cu(II)>Cr(III)>>Hg(II). The Langmuir model fitted well in most of the cases with > 0.99. Consequently, the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) followed Langmuir isotherm model while that of Cr(III) best fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed two possible mechanisms. (I) Metal ion – adsorbent complex model and (II) Metal ion – ion-exchange adsorbent complex model.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Remittances as an external source of finance for investments in developing countries
- Authors: Gadzikwa, Francis
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Emigrant remittances -- Developing countries Economic development -- Developing countries , Economic development -- Developing countries Developing countries -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7664 , vital:22785
- Description: A number of studies by academics, scholars and researchers have been conducted on the subject of remittances. The focus of these studies has been on developing countries where remittance corridors have long been established. These studies have focused more on the effects of remittances at micro level, in other words poverty alleviation as result of the decline of FDI; PI and ODA. Established remittance corridors are found in Asia, the Pacific Rim, the Middle East, South America, the Caribbean, West Africa as well as North Africa. Few studies have been conducted into new emerging corridors that are still being established, such as the South Africa-Zimbabwe, Botswana-Zimbabwe and the Namibian-Zimbabwe corridors where a large number of Zimbabweans have migrated to. Economic growth and development are major challenges facing developing countries due to lack of finance. With the decline of FDI, PI, ODA as well as credit since the global financial crisis in 2008, there is a need for research to determine other alternative sustainable sources of finance to enable economic growth and development. Available literature and empirical evidence on the subject matter suggest remittances as a complementary source not a substitute of FDI, PI, ODA and credit. This means that governments in developing countries should not neglect their duty to collect revenue, should promote FDI and PI and not be dependant solely on remittances. Like FDI, PI and ODA, the flow of remittances is also determined by the socio-economic and political factors. Any negative effect on the socio-economic and political factors may also lead to the decline of remittance flows. Whilst other developing countries in established remittance corridors have put policies and systems in place to harness and ensure maximum benefits of remittances, countries such as Zimbabwe have not done much to realise potential and the impact that remittances can make. This is evidenced from the lack of reliable data which according to Chami et al. (2008:21) places severe constraints on the types of questions that can be asked and conclusions that can be drawn from statistical analyses. Secondly, emigration from Zimbabwe can be regarded to be in its infancy stage compared countries like Nigeria and Egypt where migration to developed countries has reached maturity stage. The evidence of this is seen on the volume of remittances currently being received by these two countries. Therefore, this study will complement existing data and literature available particularly on this corridor. Remittances are channelled either through formal or informal channels. The literature available and empirical evidence suggests that the bulk of remittances are channelled through informal channels as opposed to formal channels (Crush et al.,2012:20). Within the South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor, 85 percent of remittances to Zimbabwe are channelled informally (von Burgsdorff, 2012: 17) and are not captured in the official statistics such as the Balance of Payments. The drawback of this is lack of accurate data which precludes more rigorous statistical analysis in this field (von Burgsdorff, 2010:12). This study will endeavour to capture valuable statistics with regards to remittances. Most developing countries that have relied on aid are also burdened with huge unsustainable external debts (Obasanjo, 2000). The external debts continue to have an adverse effect of slowing down economic growth and development as these countries have an obligation to pay back the debts. Settling of external debts has been one of the biggest challenges facing developing countries. With the rise of remittances, Olubiyi (2013:1) sees them as a replacement to credit to a country that is constrained. Instead of borrowing finance for growth and development, remittances can be used instead. Apart from substituting credit with remittances, countries which are not burdened with external debts are able to use remittances as a leverage to obtain foreign loans (Taylor, 1999:69). The loans acquired can used for supplementing revenue derived from the fiscus and other sources of external finance such as FDI, PI and ODA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Gadzikwa, Francis
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Emigrant remittances -- Developing countries Economic development -- Developing countries , Economic development -- Developing countries Developing countries -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7664 , vital:22785
- Description: A number of studies by academics, scholars and researchers have been conducted on the subject of remittances. The focus of these studies has been on developing countries where remittance corridors have long been established. These studies have focused more on the effects of remittances at micro level, in other words poverty alleviation as result of the decline of FDI; PI and ODA. Established remittance corridors are found in Asia, the Pacific Rim, the Middle East, South America, the Caribbean, West Africa as well as North Africa. Few studies have been conducted into new emerging corridors that are still being established, such as the South Africa-Zimbabwe, Botswana-Zimbabwe and the Namibian-Zimbabwe corridors where a large number of Zimbabweans have migrated to. Economic growth and development are major challenges facing developing countries due to lack of finance. With the decline of FDI, PI, ODA as well as credit since the global financial crisis in 2008, there is a need for research to determine other alternative sustainable sources of finance to enable economic growth and development. Available literature and empirical evidence on the subject matter suggest remittances as a complementary source not a substitute of FDI, PI, ODA and credit. This means that governments in developing countries should not neglect their duty to collect revenue, should promote FDI and PI and not be dependant solely on remittances. Like FDI, PI and ODA, the flow of remittances is also determined by the socio-economic and political factors. Any negative effect on the socio-economic and political factors may also lead to the decline of remittance flows. Whilst other developing countries in established remittance corridors have put policies and systems in place to harness and ensure maximum benefits of remittances, countries such as Zimbabwe have not done much to realise potential and the impact that remittances can make. This is evidenced from the lack of reliable data which according to Chami et al. (2008:21) places severe constraints on the types of questions that can be asked and conclusions that can be drawn from statistical analyses. Secondly, emigration from Zimbabwe can be regarded to be in its infancy stage compared countries like Nigeria and Egypt where migration to developed countries has reached maturity stage. The evidence of this is seen on the volume of remittances currently being received by these two countries. Therefore, this study will complement existing data and literature available particularly on this corridor. Remittances are channelled either through formal or informal channels. The literature available and empirical evidence suggests that the bulk of remittances are channelled through informal channels as opposed to formal channels (Crush et al.,2012:20). Within the South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor, 85 percent of remittances to Zimbabwe are channelled informally (von Burgsdorff, 2012: 17) and are not captured in the official statistics such as the Balance of Payments. The drawback of this is lack of accurate data which precludes more rigorous statistical analysis in this field (von Burgsdorff, 2010:12). This study will endeavour to capture valuable statistics with regards to remittances. Most developing countries that have relied on aid are also burdened with huge unsustainable external debts (Obasanjo, 2000). The external debts continue to have an adverse effect of slowing down economic growth and development as these countries have an obligation to pay back the debts. Settling of external debts has been one of the biggest challenges facing developing countries. With the rise of remittances, Olubiyi (2013:1) sees them as a replacement to credit to a country that is constrained. Instead of borrowing finance for growth and development, remittances can be used instead. Apart from substituting credit with remittances, countries which are not burdened with external debts are able to use remittances as a leverage to obtain foreign loans (Taylor, 1999:69). The loans acquired can used for supplementing revenue derived from the fiscus and other sources of external finance such as FDI, PI and ODA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Report containing learning, reflection and evaluation based on social learning:
- Burt, Jane C, Wilson, Jessica, Copteros, Athina, Lotz-Sisitka, Heila, Pereira, Taryn, Mokoena, Samson, Munnik, Victor, Ngcozela, Thabang, Lusithi, Thabo
- Authors: Burt, Jane C , Wilson, Jessica , Copteros, Athina , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Pereira, Taryn , Mokoena, Samson , Munnik, Victor , Ngcozela, Thabang , Lusithi, Thabo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142005 , vital:38023 , ISBN WRC Report no K5/2313 Deliverable 7
- Description: This report forms the seventh deliverable in the NWRS2 citizen monitoring project and builds on the previous 6 deliverables, which include methodology for the project (Del 1), an assessment of civil society involvement in water policy (Del 2), an overview of the social learning approach and introduction to the case studies (Del 3), draft citizen monitoring guidelines (Del 4), an update on social learning to-date, including action plans (Del 5) and a report on a description and assessment of the case studies (Del 6). This report describes the last social learning module of the ‘Changing Practice’ course and highlights preliminary reflections on the learning that has taken place during this course. The report also describes the plans that were taken at the follow up research meeting. Finally we present the approach towards evaluating the role of social learning in the project as a whole.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Burt, Jane C , Wilson, Jessica , Copteros, Athina , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Pereira, Taryn , Mokoena, Samson , Munnik, Victor , Ngcozela, Thabang , Lusithi, Thabo
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142005 , vital:38023 , ISBN WRC Report no K5/2313 Deliverable 7
- Description: This report forms the seventh deliverable in the NWRS2 citizen monitoring project and builds on the previous 6 deliverables, which include methodology for the project (Del 1), an assessment of civil society involvement in water policy (Del 2), an overview of the social learning approach and introduction to the case studies (Del 3), draft citizen monitoring guidelines (Del 4), an update on social learning to-date, including action plans (Del 5) and a report on a description and assessment of the case studies (Del 6). This report describes the last social learning module of the ‘Changing Practice’ course and highlights preliminary reflections on the learning that has taken place during this course. The report also describes the plans that were taken at the follow up research meeting. Finally we present the approach towards evaluating the role of social learning in the project as a whole.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Reporting on radiographic images in after-hours trauma units :Experiences of radiographers and medical practitioners
- Authors: Van der Venter, Riaan
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Radiography, Medical -- Image quality Radiography, Medical -- Examinations, questions, etc Nurse practitioners -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23779 , vital:30619
- Description: Globally there is a lack of radiologists, which results in unreported radiographic examinations, or a delay in reporting on radiographic images even in emergency situations. In order to mitigate and alleviate the situation, and optimise the utilisation of radiographers a red dot system was introduced in the United Kingdom, which later aided in the transformation of the role of radiographers in terms of formal reporting of various radiographic examinations. Although there is a shortage of medical practitioners and radiologists in South Africa the extended role of radiographers has not been yet realised for radiographers. At present, radiographers and medical practitioners work in collaboration to interpret and report on radiographic examinations informally, to facilitate effective and efficient patient management, but this is done illegally because the regulations defining the scope of the profession of radiography does not allow for such practice, putting radiographers and organisations at risk of litigation. In order to gain an in-depth knowledge of the phenomena, to enable the researcher to provide recommendations to the Professional Board of Radiography and Clinical Technology (PBRCT) of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research study was undertaken. Radiographers and medical practitioners were interviewed in order to elicit rich descriptions of their experiences regarding reporting of trauma related radiographic images in the after-hours trauma units. Data were gathered using in-depth semi-structured interviews, and the data were analysed using kesch’s method of thematic synthesis. Three themes emerged from the data, namely the challenges radiographers and medical practitioners face in the after-hours trauma units respectively, with regards to reporting of trauma related adiographs, and suggestions were proposed to optimize the participation of radiographers with regard to trauma related radiographs in these units. A thick description and literature control was done using quotes from participants. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical research practices were also implemented. Thereafter, recommendations were put forward for the PBRCT of the HPCSA, using current literature and inferences made from the findings of the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Van der Venter, Riaan
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Radiography, Medical -- Image quality Radiography, Medical -- Examinations, questions, etc Nurse practitioners -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23779 , vital:30619
- Description: Globally there is a lack of radiologists, which results in unreported radiographic examinations, or a delay in reporting on radiographic images even in emergency situations. In order to mitigate and alleviate the situation, and optimise the utilisation of radiographers a red dot system was introduced in the United Kingdom, which later aided in the transformation of the role of radiographers in terms of formal reporting of various radiographic examinations. Although there is a shortage of medical practitioners and radiologists in South Africa the extended role of radiographers has not been yet realised for radiographers. At present, radiographers and medical practitioners work in collaboration to interpret and report on radiographic examinations informally, to facilitate effective and efficient patient management, but this is done illegally because the regulations defining the scope of the profession of radiography does not allow for such practice, putting radiographers and organisations at risk of litigation. In order to gain an in-depth knowledge of the phenomena, to enable the researcher to provide recommendations to the Professional Board of Radiography and Clinical Technology (PBRCT) of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual research study was undertaken. Radiographers and medical practitioners were interviewed in order to elicit rich descriptions of their experiences regarding reporting of trauma related radiographic images in the after-hours trauma units. Data were gathered using in-depth semi-structured interviews, and the data were analysed using kesch’s method of thematic synthesis. Three themes emerged from the data, namely the challenges radiographers and medical practitioners face in the after-hours trauma units respectively, with regards to reporting of trauma related adiographs, and suggestions were proposed to optimize the participation of radiographers with regard to trauma related radiographs in these units. A thick description and literature control was done using quotes from participants. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical research practices were also implemented. Thereafter, recommendations were put forward for the PBRCT of the HPCSA, using current literature and inferences made from the findings of the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Representations of the ‘other’: a comparison between Roman descriptions of Britons, Gauls and Germans pre-AD 300 and Sir Harry Smith’s portrayal of the Xhosa 1830s – 1850s
- Authors: Van Wezel, Amy Hester
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4223 , vital:20634
- Description: Stereotypical representations of an ‘ethnically’ or ‘racially’ different ‘other’ in ancient texts would seem to reappear throughout history. By comparing Roman views of Britons, Gauls and Germans, with Sir Harry Smith’s views of the Xhosa, this study seeks to explore the extent to which these stereotypical images were employed and for what reasons. Through close textual analyses, the descriptions of these peoples are examined and compared, taking into consideration the different authors’ context and agendas. By highlighting Caesar’s views of the abilities of the ‘other’ and Tacitus’ judgements of the moral character of the ‘other’, compared with Smith’s view of the same, the study aims to draw out the role of the author’s ‘self’ in complex and contradictory representations of the ‘other’, while arguing that various overwhelmingly negative images served to justify imperial conquest and rule. The extent to which the ‘other’ was perceived as remote and different from themselves, epitomised in the dichotomy between the ‘barbarism’ and ‘civilisation’, is examined, comparing a variety of Roman authors with Smith. The similar idea of ‘civilising missions’ are discussed, while acknowledging the differences between the policies of the Roman and British Empires toward the ‘other’. The connections between how the ‘other’ was portrayed in relation to ‘Empire’ and the ways in which they were treated is also explored stressing even further the different approaches taken by Roman and British authorities to include these peoples within their Empires. While certain stereotypes are shown to have persisted from Roman times, reappearing in the writing of Sir Harry Smith, summed up in the archetypal ‘barbarian’, I argue that the use of these images was varied, inconsistent and reflected more the motives and personalities of the writers themselves, whofor the most part ascribed to imperial ideologies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Van Wezel, Amy Hester
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4223 , vital:20634
- Description: Stereotypical representations of an ‘ethnically’ or ‘racially’ different ‘other’ in ancient texts would seem to reappear throughout history. By comparing Roman views of Britons, Gauls and Germans, with Sir Harry Smith’s views of the Xhosa, this study seeks to explore the extent to which these stereotypical images were employed and for what reasons. Through close textual analyses, the descriptions of these peoples are examined and compared, taking into consideration the different authors’ context and agendas. By highlighting Caesar’s views of the abilities of the ‘other’ and Tacitus’ judgements of the moral character of the ‘other’, compared with Smith’s view of the same, the study aims to draw out the role of the author’s ‘self’ in complex and contradictory representations of the ‘other’, while arguing that various overwhelmingly negative images served to justify imperial conquest and rule. The extent to which the ‘other’ was perceived as remote and different from themselves, epitomised in the dichotomy between the ‘barbarism’ and ‘civilisation’, is examined, comparing a variety of Roman authors with Smith. The similar idea of ‘civilising missions’ are discussed, while acknowledging the differences between the policies of the Roman and British Empires toward the ‘other’. The connections between how the ‘other’ was portrayed in relation to ‘Empire’ and the ways in which they were treated is also explored stressing even further the different approaches taken by Roman and British authorities to include these peoples within their Empires. While certain stereotypes are shown to have persisted from Roman times, reappearing in the writing of Sir Harry Smith, summed up in the archetypal ‘barbarian’, I argue that the use of these images was varied, inconsistent and reflected more the motives and personalities of the writers themselves, whofor the most part ascribed to imperial ideologies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Reproductive biology of important invasive plants in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Thorne, Cara-Jayne
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3683 , vital:20535
- Description: Baker’s rule predicts species capable of uniparental reproduction are more likely to establish after long distance dispersal (or introduction in the case of invasive plants), thus the ability to undergo autonomous self-pollination should promote colonization. An investigation into the reproductive biology of eleven invasive species in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa between 2012 and 2014 showed strong support for Baker’s law. Breeding system results showed evidence of self-compatibility in eight species, ten species were capable of autonomous self-pollination, and only three species showed evidence of varying levels of self-incompatibility. These results provide evdence that autonomous self-pollination occurs more frequently among invasive species, self-compatible species more frequently become invasive compared with self-incompatible species and that autogamous species should have a larger invasive range. Co-opting suitable local pollinators may be problematic for invasive plants, especially those with highly specialized pollination systems. The species investigated appear to be largely independent of pollinators, mostly setting seed in the absence of pollinators. Despite this, all eleven invasive plant species are regularly visited by a variety of generalist pollinators including Apis mellifera, Xylocopa bees and Allodapini species. Pollinators all carried substantial pollen loads, even managing to extract pollen from more specialized plants, such as the poricidal anthers of Solanum species, and frequently came into contact with both anthers and stigmas. Considering most of theses species are capable of autonomous self-pollination, their reliance on pollinators may be low. Even the most self-incompatible species, Passiflora caerulea, appears to have successfully co-opted local pollinators (honeybees and carpenter bees), ensuring successful pollination and seed set. The ability for cross-pollination by local pollinators allows for some degree of genetic variation within invasive plant populations, especially for self-incompatible species. Inadequate pollen deposition by unreliable or inefficient pollinators, or reduced resource availability, can result in pollen limitation. Invasive plant species may be especially susceptible, with three of the plant species investiagted showing possible pollen limitation at the level of seed set, while the remaining nine invasive plant species showed no evidence of pollen limitation in South Africa. The ability to utilize uniparental reproduction (as Baker’s law predicted), and co-opt local pollinators has allowed invasive plants in the Eastern Cape to successfully establish and persist after introduction. Hence, the inclusion of reproductive traits of plants should therefore be included in risk assessments for future plant invaders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Thorne, Cara-Jayne
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3683 , vital:20535
- Description: Baker’s rule predicts species capable of uniparental reproduction are more likely to establish after long distance dispersal (or introduction in the case of invasive plants), thus the ability to undergo autonomous self-pollination should promote colonization. An investigation into the reproductive biology of eleven invasive species in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa between 2012 and 2014 showed strong support for Baker’s law. Breeding system results showed evidence of self-compatibility in eight species, ten species were capable of autonomous self-pollination, and only three species showed evidence of varying levels of self-incompatibility. These results provide evdence that autonomous self-pollination occurs more frequently among invasive species, self-compatible species more frequently become invasive compared with self-incompatible species and that autogamous species should have a larger invasive range. Co-opting suitable local pollinators may be problematic for invasive plants, especially those with highly specialized pollination systems. The species investigated appear to be largely independent of pollinators, mostly setting seed in the absence of pollinators. Despite this, all eleven invasive plant species are regularly visited by a variety of generalist pollinators including Apis mellifera, Xylocopa bees and Allodapini species. Pollinators all carried substantial pollen loads, even managing to extract pollen from more specialized plants, such as the poricidal anthers of Solanum species, and frequently came into contact with both anthers and stigmas. Considering most of theses species are capable of autonomous self-pollination, their reliance on pollinators may be low. Even the most self-incompatible species, Passiflora caerulea, appears to have successfully co-opted local pollinators (honeybees and carpenter bees), ensuring successful pollination and seed set. The ability for cross-pollination by local pollinators allows for some degree of genetic variation within invasive plant populations, especially for self-incompatible species. Inadequate pollen deposition by unreliable or inefficient pollinators, or reduced resource availability, can result in pollen limitation. Invasive plant species may be especially susceptible, with three of the plant species investiagted showing possible pollen limitation at the level of seed set, while the remaining nine invasive plant species showed no evidence of pollen limitation in South Africa. The ability to utilize uniparental reproduction (as Baker’s law predicted), and co-opt local pollinators has allowed invasive plants in the Eastern Cape to successfully establish and persist after introduction. Hence, the inclusion of reproductive traits of plants should therefore be included in risk assessments for future plant invaders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Research as hope intervention: a visual participatory study with rural South African school children
- Authors: Cherrington, Avivit Miriam
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Affective education -- South Africa , Critical pedagogy -- South Africa , Hope -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Education)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8350 , vital:26348
- Description: There is a dearth of knowledge on rural South African children’s perspectives of hope, and how their hope can be nurtured, shaped, and strengthened. Guided by a qualitative approach, and located within a critical transformative paradigm, this study explores the following research question: How could visual participatory methodology as ‘research as intervention’ enable rural South African primary school children to explore their conceptualisations of hope, as well as strengthen their hope? To answer this question I pose two sub-questions: Firstly, what are rural primary school children’s conceptualisations of hope? Secondly, how could using visual participatory methodology to explore their hope also strengthen the children’s hope? Hope plays a key role in the lives of people, influencing decisions and behaviour, as well as coping skills and wellbeing. The socio-economic and cultural contexts in which rural South African children find themselves are critical in enabling hope and influencing their psychosocial wellbeing. While international hope research boasts a diversity of theories, there is scarce representation of such research from an African perspective. Unable to turn to an Afrocentric theory of hope this study is framed by two theories from the global-North: Scioli’s (2007) Integrative theory of hope which provides a description of the individual’s hope process, and Prilleltensky and Prilleltensky’s (2007) Framework of psychosocial wellbeing which provides a broader context in which to view this process. Over a period of a year I engaged with twelve purposively selected 9-13 year old Basotho children, beneficiaries of a children’s programme situated in a rural village in the QwaQwa region, Free State, South Africa, to explore their hope. Using visual participatory methodology, data was co-constructed through four visual data generating tools (collage-making, drawing, Mmogo-method®, and photovoice), as well as individual interviews, a group interview, and notes and photographs kept in my research journal. A qualitative thematic analysis was followed, and a literature control conducted to re-contextualise the findings. The results of this study are presented in themes. The first three themes, Hope is having a better life; Hope is community participation and togetherness; and Hope is weakened by others and by one’s environment, combine to represent hope as a multi-layered, multi-dimensional experience towards attaining a better life on a contextual, personal, relational, and collective level. These levels of hope are all inter-related, interdependent, and influenced by cultural factors and the children’s belief system (or worldview). I therefore conclude that, according to these rural South African school children, hope is an internal process of being that develops within the individual, with assistance from external resources, and then extends outwardly through hopeful beliefs, feelings, and behaviours to promote togetherness, care, and respect in one’s community. The last three themes, Strengthened personal hope; Enhanced relational hope; and Mobilised collective hope, show that using visual participatory methodology to engage the participants in an exploration of hope potentially strengthened, enhanced, and mobilised their hope across three inter-related and overlapping levels: Personal, Relational, and Collective. The participants expressed a growing understanding of their hoping process, increased sense of autonomy, and improved coping skills for strengthening their own hope. They also began to refer to themselves as Hope Champions - able to foster hope in others by behaving in a hopeful manner, teaching others about hope, and offering care and support. I therefore conclude that this shifting view of themselves as competent and valuable members of the community mobilised their collective level of hope as they began to formulate ideas of how they could be active citizens in their community, pursuing collective wellbeing for themselves and other members of the community so that everyone could live a better life. The findings have several implications for educational psychologists working with marginalised and vulnerable children’s hope, for fostering hope in school contexts, and for educational hope research with marginalised children in rural South African communities. While this study cannot presume to have achieved long-term social change, it does certainly lay the foundation for proposing that ‘research as intervention’ has promising potential as ‘research as hope-intervention’ in educational contexts. In responding to the research question, I argue that visual participatory research methodology, when focused on hope, is in and of itself a hope-enhancing intervention. Consequently, combining visual participatory methodology with hope-focused explorations enables ‘research as hope-intervention’, facilitating a strengthening of the participants’ hope, and resulting in meaningful personal transformation. I conclude that using ‘research as hope-intervention’ with rural South African children holds many possibilities for mobilising a ‘pedagogy of hope’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Research as hope intervention: a visual participatory study with rural South African school children
- Authors: Cherrington, Avivit Miriam
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Affective education -- South Africa , Critical pedagogy -- South Africa , Hope -- Social aspects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Education)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8350 , vital:26348
- Description: There is a dearth of knowledge on rural South African children’s perspectives of hope, and how their hope can be nurtured, shaped, and strengthened. Guided by a qualitative approach, and located within a critical transformative paradigm, this study explores the following research question: How could visual participatory methodology as ‘research as intervention’ enable rural South African primary school children to explore their conceptualisations of hope, as well as strengthen their hope? To answer this question I pose two sub-questions: Firstly, what are rural primary school children’s conceptualisations of hope? Secondly, how could using visual participatory methodology to explore their hope also strengthen the children’s hope? Hope plays a key role in the lives of people, influencing decisions and behaviour, as well as coping skills and wellbeing. The socio-economic and cultural contexts in which rural South African children find themselves are critical in enabling hope and influencing their psychosocial wellbeing. While international hope research boasts a diversity of theories, there is scarce representation of such research from an African perspective. Unable to turn to an Afrocentric theory of hope this study is framed by two theories from the global-North: Scioli’s (2007) Integrative theory of hope which provides a description of the individual’s hope process, and Prilleltensky and Prilleltensky’s (2007) Framework of psychosocial wellbeing which provides a broader context in which to view this process. Over a period of a year I engaged with twelve purposively selected 9-13 year old Basotho children, beneficiaries of a children’s programme situated in a rural village in the QwaQwa region, Free State, South Africa, to explore their hope. Using visual participatory methodology, data was co-constructed through four visual data generating tools (collage-making, drawing, Mmogo-method®, and photovoice), as well as individual interviews, a group interview, and notes and photographs kept in my research journal. A qualitative thematic analysis was followed, and a literature control conducted to re-contextualise the findings. The results of this study are presented in themes. The first three themes, Hope is having a better life; Hope is community participation and togetherness; and Hope is weakened by others and by one’s environment, combine to represent hope as a multi-layered, multi-dimensional experience towards attaining a better life on a contextual, personal, relational, and collective level. These levels of hope are all inter-related, interdependent, and influenced by cultural factors and the children’s belief system (or worldview). I therefore conclude that, according to these rural South African school children, hope is an internal process of being that develops within the individual, with assistance from external resources, and then extends outwardly through hopeful beliefs, feelings, and behaviours to promote togetherness, care, and respect in one’s community. The last three themes, Strengthened personal hope; Enhanced relational hope; and Mobilised collective hope, show that using visual participatory methodology to engage the participants in an exploration of hope potentially strengthened, enhanced, and mobilised their hope across three inter-related and overlapping levels: Personal, Relational, and Collective. The participants expressed a growing understanding of their hoping process, increased sense of autonomy, and improved coping skills for strengthening their own hope. They also began to refer to themselves as Hope Champions - able to foster hope in others by behaving in a hopeful manner, teaching others about hope, and offering care and support. I therefore conclude that this shifting view of themselves as competent and valuable members of the community mobilised their collective level of hope as they began to formulate ideas of how they could be active citizens in their community, pursuing collective wellbeing for themselves and other members of the community so that everyone could live a better life. The findings have several implications for educational psychologists working with marginalised and vulnerable children’s hope, for fostering hope in school contexts, and for educational hope research with marginalised children in rural South African communities. While this study cannot presume to have achieved long-term social change, it does certainly lay the foundation for proposing that ‘research as intervention’ has promising potential as ‘research as hope-intervention’ in educational contexts. In responding to the research question, I argue that visual participatory research methodology, when focused on hope, is in and of itself a hope-enhancing intervention. Consequently, combining visual participatory methodology with hope-focused explorations enables ‘research as hope-intervention’, facilitating a strengthening of the participants’ hope, and resulting in meaningful personal transformation. I conclude that using ‘research as hope-intervention’ with rural South African children holds many possibilities for mobilising a ‘pedagogy of hope’.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Resilience and attachment as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae of unwanted early sexual experiences
- Defferary,Tanya Elizabeth Michele
- Authors: Defferary,Tanya Elizabeth Michele
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Resilience (Personality trait) Child sexual abuse , Attachment behaviour , Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12494 , vital:27074
- Description: Unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE) are traumatic experiences that many children worldwide are exposed to on a daily basis. Some of these victims struggle to adapt to life, whereas others become survivors, exhibiting post-traumatic growth after such an experience. South Africa has some of the highest UESE prevalence rates in the world, highlighting the importance of research conducted within this field in the country. With an overarching psychofortogenic framework, and through the implementation of a convergent parallel mixed methods research design, the study explored and described whether resilience and attachment act as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. The study was divided into three phases. Phase 1 consisted of a small-scale survey design which was conducted with 304 participants while Phase 2 consisted of nine semi-structure interviews with UESE survivors, who were volunteers from the original sample. Finally, Phase 3 provided an integrated summary of the findings from the first two phases. During Phase 1 significant findings relating to the survivors of UESE, their levels of resilience and attachment relationships were outlined. Of the total sample, 32.43% males and 30.5% females indicated that they had been exposed to a UESE. Most of the perpetrators were known to the survivors with friends being identified as the most common perpetrators. Parental relationships characterised by trust, open communication and less alienation were found to impact upon the degree to which participants reported being bothered by the UESE. Furthermore, parental alienation at the time of the UESE had a significantly negative impact on the survivors’ adult relationship styles. During Phase 2 a number of themes emerged including the manner of disclosure, reasons for delayed disclosure, relationship to the confidant, confidant’s response to disclosure, effects of the response to disclosure, the impact of the UESE upon the survivor, impact of the UESE on relationships, coping/resilience, advice to professionals, the confidant, and the survivor. The final phase confirmed the research hypothesis that resilience and attachment act as mediating factors impacting upon a variety of psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. Serendipitously, disclosure was found to be a mediating factor, securing a significant role within the study. In conclusion a future intervention titled ‘Post-Traumatic Growth: A UESE model of Disclosure, Resilience and Attachment’, was outlined, based on the study’s findings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Defferary,Tanya Elizabeth Michele
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Resilience (Personality trait) Child sexual abuse , Attachment behaviour , Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12494 , vital:27074
- Description: Unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE) are traumatic experiences that many children worldwide are exposed to on a daily basis. Some of these victims struggle to adapt to life, whereas others become survivors, exhibiting post-traumatic growth after such an experience. South Africa has some of the highest UESE prevalence rates in the world, highlighting the importance of research conducted within this field in the country. With an overarching psychofortogenic framework, and through the implementation of a convergent parallel mixed methods research design, the study explored and described whether resilience and attachment act as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. The study was divided into three phases. Phase 1 consisted of a small-scale survey design which was conducted with 304 participants while Phase 2 consisted of nine semi-structure interviews with UESE survivors, who were volunteers from the original sample. Finally, Phase 3 provided an integrated summary of the findings from the first two phases. During Phase 1 significant findings relating to the survivors of UESE, their levels of resilience and attachment relationships were outlined. Of the total sample, 32.43% males and 30.5% females indicated that they had been exposed to a UESE. Most of the perpetrators were known to the survivors with friends being identified as the most common perpetrators. Parental relationships characterised by trust, open communication and less alienation were found to impact upon the degree to which participants reported being bothered by the UESE. Furthermore, parental alienation at the time of the UESE had a significantly negative impact on the survivors’ adult relationship styles. During Phase 2 a number of themes emerged including the manner of disclosure, reasons for delayed disclosure, relationship to the confidant, confidant’s response to disclosure, effects of the response to disclosure, the impact of the UESE upon the survivor, impact of the UESE on relationships, coping/resilience, advice to professionals, the confidant, and the survivor. The final phase confirmed the research hypothesis that resilience and attachment act as mediating factors impacting upon a variety of psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. Serendipitously, disclosure was found to be a mediating factor, securing a significant role within the study. In conclusion a future intervention titled ‘Post-Traumatic Growth: A UESE model of Disclosure, Resilience and Attachment’, was outlined, based on the study’s findings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Resolving the service delivery backlog at the Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements
- Authors: Hlamandana, Zukiswa
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Project management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5303 , vital:20831
- Description: The purpose of this study is resolving the service delivery backlog at the Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements. The problem of service delivery backlogs is not one unique to South Africa but a problem faced by many developing nations. South African government in all spheres still faces a challenge of creating the good life for its citizen, even more on local Municipality as they are government closest to the people and interacts more closely with communities. It is two decades since South Africa became a democratic state and despite promises and efforts to improve service delivery to the public there still exist backlog in service delivery. In order to address the research problem and to fulfil the research objectives, an in-depth literature study was done on the current state and the role of the Department of Human settlements as well as the current backlog facing the department. Housing process and procedures, challenges, policies, finance, factors influencing housing allocation and delivery were also reviewed. Empirical studies were also performed by means of questionnaires with the community and officials in the Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements. The literature and empirical study made it possible to identify causes, challenges and impact of service delivery backlog and to recommend possible solutions for resolving service delivery backlogs. These recommendations should be of value to the department and the country as a whole. In this study research methodology was focused on the research design, target population of study, sampling design and procedures, data collection instrument, data collection procedures, data presentation, analysis and interpretation. The major findings were identified in the study such as poor workmanship, delays in procurement processes, illegal acts, vandalism, poor planning, finance, project management and quality assurance. The study also offers recommendations such as revising procurement policy, source more funds from National, employ more qualified staff, involve community and all stakeholders in decision making in order to address the service delivery backlog successfully .All kinds of approaches that the government needs to employ in order to also improve its performance of delivering service to the public in South Africa were determined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Hlamandana, Zukiswa
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Project management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5303 , vital:20831
- Description: The purpose of this study is resolving the service delivery backlog at the Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements. The problem of service delivery backlogs is not one unique to South Africa but a problem faced by many developing nations. South African government in all spheres still faces a challenge of creating the good life for its citizen, even more on local Municipality as they are government closest to the people and interacts more closely with communities. It is two decades since South Africa became a democratic state and despite promises and efforts to improve service delivery to the public there still exist backlog in service delivery. In order to address the research problem and to fulfil the research objectives, an in-depth literature study was done on the current state and the role of the Department of Human settlements as well as the current backlog facing the department. Housing process and procedures, challenges, policies, finance, factors influencing housing allocation and delivery were also reviewed. Empirical studies were also performed by means of questionnaires with the community and officials in the Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements. The literature and empirical study made it possible to identify causes, challenges and impact of service delivery backlog and to recommend possible solutions for resolving service delivery backlogs. These recommendations should be of value to the department and the country as a whole. In this study research methodology was focused on the research design, target population of study, sampling design and procedures, data collection instrument, data collection procedures, data presentation, analysis and interpretation. The major findings were identified in the study such as poor workmanship, delays in procurement processes, illegal acts, vandalism, poor planning, finance, project management and quality assurance. The study also offers recommendations such as revising procurement policy, source more funds from National, employ more qualified staff, involve community and all stakeholders in decision making in order to address the service delivery backlog successfully .All kinds of approaches that the government needs to employ in order to also improve its performance of delivering service to the public in South Africa were determined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Responding to poverty in the light of the post-development debate: Some insights from the NGO Enda Graf Sahel
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142487 , vital:38084 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ad/article/view/135799
- Description: How can we take on board the many valuable insights of post-development theory without seeming to advocate indifference and inaction in the face of the misery that many people in the world experience daily? In this paper, I provide a partial response to this question. I begin by looking at some of the alternative strategies offered in post-development literature and set out to show that while there are several problems with these alternatives, to read post-development theory as advocating indifference or inaction is to read it uncharitably. Secondly, I draw on the experiences of the non-governmental organisation (NGO) Enda Graf Sahel in Dakar, Senegal to suggest some ways in which the insights of post-development theory, or some versions of post-development theory, can be taken into consideration without leading to inaction or indifference in the face of the suffering of those who occupy a less advantaged position in contemporary relations of power and privilege.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142487 , vital:38084 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ad/article/view/135799
- Description: How can we take on board the many valuable insights of post-development theory without seeming to advocate indifference and inaction in the face of the misery that many people in the world experience daily? In this paper, I provide a partial response to this question. I begin by looking at some of the alternative strategies offered in post-development literature and set out to show that while there are several problems with these alternatives, to read post-development theory as advocating indifference or inaction is to read it uncharitably. Secondly, I draw on the experiences of the non-governmental organisation (NGO) Enda Graf Sahel in Dakar, Senegal to suggest some ways in which the insights of post-development theory, or some versions of post-development theory, can be taken into consideration without leading to inaction or indifference in the face of the suffering of those who occupy a less advantaged position in contemporary relations of power and privilege.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Restricted teacher leadership : a case study in a township high school in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Fani, Pamela Pumla
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Educational leadership , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2059 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019882
- Description: The South African education system prior to 1994 was characterised by hierarchical management structures with top-down communication systems. After 1994, there was a policy call to shift leadership and management practices to more democratic ways of working. These policies required the principals to share their power with teachers, replacing the leader-follower system of leadership. The post-apartheid era in the South African education system marked a turning point where, in policy discourse at least, teachers were seen as leaders, opening the doors for teacher leadership. The aim of this study was to explore the enactment of teacher leadership in a township secondary school in the province of the Eastern Cape. It also sought to investigate the factors that enhanced or hindered this leadership enactment as teachers operated as leaders in their natural setting. Under the umbrella of distributed leadership as a theoretical framework, the research study was located within the interpretive paradigm and a qualitative case study was adopted. Three teacher leaders at the case study school were my primary participants. Data collection methods included interviews, questionnaires, observations, self-reflective journaling and telephonic conservations. I used Grant’s Model of teacher leadership as my analytical tool. My findings indicated that teacher leadership was enacted in all the zones of teacher leadership but to varying degrees. My teacher leaders enacted leadership in Zone 1 where they showed strong leadership in the classroom. They also enacted leadership in Zone 2 and 4 where they showed leadership in working with other teachers and learners outside the classroom in curricular and extra-curricular activities as well as in other neighbouring schools. However, in Zone 3 the School Management Team (SMT) controlled most of the leadership and management activities. Teacher leaders were not included in decision-making in this zone as the SMT thought that it was their sole duty. Teacher leadership in this school was thus characterised as ‘restricted’ following the characterisations of teacher leadership by Harris & Muijs (2007). Using Gunter’s (2005) categories of distributed leadership, I categorised the case study school as an example of authorised distributed leadership.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Fani, Pamela Pumla
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Educational leadership , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2059 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019882
- Description: The South African education system prior to 1994 was characterised by hierarchical management structures with top-down communication systems. After 1994, there was a policy call to shift leadership and management practices to more democratic ways of working. These policies required the principals to share their power with teachers, replacing the leader-follower system of leadership. The post-apartheid era in the South African education system marked a turning point where, in policy discourse at least, teachers were seen as leaders, opening the doors for teacher leadership. The aim of this study was to explore the enactment of teacher leadership in a township secondary school in the province of the Eastern Cape. It also sought to investigate the factors that enhanced or hindered this leadership enactment as teachers operated as leaders in their natural setting. Under the umbrella of distributed leadership as a theoretical framework, the research study was located within the interpretive paradigm and a qualitative case study was adopted. Three teacher leaders at the case study school were my primary participants. Data collection methods included interviews, questionnaires, observations, self-reflective journaling and telephonic conservations. I used Grant’s Model of teacher leadership as my analytical tool. My findings indicated that teacher leadership was enacted in all the zones of teacher leadership but to varying degrees. My teacher leaders enacted leadership in Zone 1 where they showed strong leadership in the classroom. They also enacted leadership in Zone 2 and 4 where they showed leadership in working with other teachers and learners outside the classroom in curricular and extra-curricular activities as well as in other neighbouring schools. However, in Zone 3 the School Management Team (SMT) controlled most of the leadership and management activities. Teacher leaders were not included in decision-making in this zone as the SMT thought that it was their sole duty. Teacher leadership in this school was thus characterised as ‘restricted’ following the characterisations of teacher leadership by Harris & Muijs (2007). Using Gunter’s (2005) categories of distributed leadership, I categorised the case study school as an example of authorised distributed leadership.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Restructuring in higher education institutions: a case study of centralised cleaning services at Rhodes University
- Authors: Ntlokwana, Ziyanda
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3738 , vital:20540
- Description: The centralization of cleaners at Rhodes University has been the university’s response to the pressures put on higher education. This form of restructuring is the university’s attempt at dealing with the government’s cuts in funding despite the increasing demands placed on higher education institutions. The demands on universities necessitates that they compete on a global scale ,which sometimes sees many universities adopting a ‘neoliberal logic’ and as a result cutting labour costs to survive and compete. The aim of this study was to examine the nature and form of restructuring at Rhodes University and its impact on the workers’ lives. This research made use of both quantitative and qualitative research methods: namely, a quantitative survey that focused on the cleaners and in-depth interviews with trade union representatives. This research discovered that the restructuring programme at Rhodes University is different from that at other universities through its avoidance of outsourcing and the retrenchment of workers. Despite this tricky balance, however, the effects of this form of restructuring largely embody outsourcing characteristics and as a result disadvantage the cleaners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ntlokwana, Ziyanda
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3738 , vital:20540
- Description: The centralization of cleaners at Rhodes University has been the university’s response to the pressures put on higher education. This form of restructuring is the university’s attempt at dealing with the government’s cuts in funding despite the increasing demands placed on higher education institutions. The demands on universities necessitates that they compete on a global scale ,which sometimes sees many universities adopting a ‘neoliberal logic’ and as a result cutting labour costs to survive and compete. The aim of this study was to examine the nature and form of restructuring at Rhodes University and its impact on the workers’ lives. This research made use of both quantitative and qualitative research methods: namely, a quantitative survey that focused on the cleaners and in-depth interviews with trade union representatives. This research discovered that the restructuring programme at Rhodes University is different from that at other universities through its avoidance of outsourcing and the retrenchment of workers. Despite this tricky balance, however, the effects of this form of restructuring largely embody outsourcing characteristics and as a result disadvantage the cleaners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Rethinking biokinetics: a philosophical critique concerning the roles and responsibilities of practitioners and patients
- Authors: Greene, Mark A
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Holistic education -- South Africa Physical education and training -- South Africa -- History Exercise therapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10381 , vital:26743
- Description: The specialist responsible for providing prescribed exercise as a form of medicine to the South African population is the biokineticist. Biokinetics is a relatively new profession developed in response to empirical research supporting exercise as medicine. Although the role of the biokineticist is clearly defined by the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), there is still confusion concerning this profession and its services. At present, the dominant medicalscientific and capitalist-economic discourses offer a narrowly mechanistic and instrumental understanding of the human body and its treatment, which contributes to this confusion. This dissertation proposes a new point of departure, enriched by historical and philosophical understandings of the human body, from which the biokineticist can begin to redefine him/herself. The study aims to shift biokinetics as a practice away from the reductionist and dehumanising influences of instrumentalist, scientific and neoliberal capitalist-economic discourses, and to restore to biokineticists, and their clients, the ability they need to interact as relatively autonomous individuals. The study draws on the ideas of Michel Foucault, specifically on his notions for ‘discipline’, ‘docility’, and ‘the care of the self’ (1991; 2005), as well as Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari and their ideas of ‘becoming’ and ‘rhizomatic thinking’ (1983; 1987); ultimately presenting a philosophically enriched, holistic representation of the human body. From here recommendations for best practice in contemporary biokinetics are suggested that encourage interactions and connections between the professional and his/her patients, which move beyond the mere physiological interpretations currently dominating health discourse.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Greene, Mark A
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Holistic education -- South Africa Physical education and training -- South Africa -- History Exercise therapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10381 , vital:26743
- Description: The specialist responsible for providing prescribed exercise as a form of medicine to the South African population is the biokineticist. Biokinetics is a relatively new profession developed in response to empirical research supporting exercise as medicine. Although the role of the biokineticist is clearly defined by the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), there is still confusion concerning this profession and its services. At present, the dominant medicalscientific and capitalist-economic discourses offer a narrowly mechanistic and instrumental understanding of the human body and its treatment, which contributes to this confusion. This dissertation proposes a new point of departure, enriched by historical and philosophical understandings of the human body, from which the biokineticist can begin to redefine him/herself. The study aims to shift biokinetics as a practice away from the reductionist and dehumanising influences of instrumentalist, scientific and neoliberal capitalist-economic discourses, and to restore to biokineticists, and their clients, the ability they need to interact as relatively autonomous individuals. The study draws on the ideas of Michel Foucault, specifically on his notions for ‘discipline’, ‘docility’, and ‘the care of the self’ (1991; 2005), as well as Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari and their ideas of ‘becoming’ and ‘rhizomatic thinking’ (1983; 1987); ultimately presenting a philosophically enriched, holistic representation of the human body. From here recommendations for best practice in contemporary biokinetics are suggested that encourage interactions and connections between the professional and his/her patients, which move beyond the mere physiological interpretations currently dominating health discourse.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Reviewing strategies in/for ESD policy engagement: Agency reclaimed
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182483 , vital:43834 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1113915"
- Description: In this response article, I draw on critical realist perspectives to engage with the argument put forward in Bengtsson's study, which sees agency as an ontological necessity for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) policy engagement. Bengtsson supports a notion of the logic of contingent action over the logic of power as dominance, suggesting possibilities for agency and resistance. Although I do not in principle disagree with the agentive possibilities embedded in this aspect of the Bengtsson argument, it is the scope of the conceptualization thereof that I consider in this response. I start with considering the limitations of a Westphalian analysis of policy appropriations and agency for ESD, and argue that the Westphalian frame for policy analysis may be inadequate for capturing the significance of non-state actors and wider generative mechanisms such as informal normative structures, and private, economic power in the global political economy. Drawing on Fraser's (2008) concept of the transnational public sphere, I explore other potential possibilities for agency-centered appropriations or negations of, and/or resistance to ESD policy discourses, potentially expanding the agency-centered perspective referred to in Bengtsson's analysis and critique of policy making for ESD, or, at the very least, by offering a wider view of possibility for what he refers to as the ‘ineradicable moment of conflict, or antagonism.’ In particular, I broaden the notion of the transnational public sphere to be inclusive of Dussel's (1998) three concerns of transformation, namely; poverty and wealth inequality, environmental degradation, and narrow rationalities involving ongoing colonization of people, territories and resources. In doing this, I concur with Fraser, who suggests that the concept of the public sphere may well be “so thoroughly Westphalian in its deep conceptual structure as to be unsalvageable as a critical tool for theorizing the present” and suggest that public sphere thinking and associated conceptions of agency require expansion, which I offer from postcolonial and decolonization literature, critical realism, ontological experiences, and reflection on Environmental Education (EE) /ESD policy in the southern African region. Ultimately, I propose need for a more radical framework for EE/ ESD policy research that reaches beyond analyses of appropriations of policy within the Wesphalian state framework, and that moves beyond critiquing or seeking out resistance moments associated with the assumptions of trickle down effects from UN level policy, or analysis that is centered on the EE versus ESD debate. Such a framework requires a revitalized notion of agency involving commitment to collective, relational (including the socio-materially relational) and transgressive forms of agency for deep societal transformations all round. Overall, it seems that environmental education policy and praxis research conceptualized within a decolonizing transnational sphere frame appears to still be an open and as yet under-explored terrain.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182483 , vital:43834 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1113915"
- Description: In this response article, I draw on critical realist perspectives to engage with the argument put forward in Bengtsson's study, which sees agency as an ontological necessity for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) policy engagement. Bengtsson supports a notion of the logic of contingent action over the logic of power as dominance, suggesting possibilities for agency and resistance. Although I do not in principle disagree with the agentive possibilities embedded in this aspect of the Bengtsson argument, it is the scope of the conceptualization thereof that I consider in this response. I start with considering the limitations of a Westphalian analysis of policy appropriations and agency for ESD, and argue that the Westphalian frame for policy analysis may be inadequate for capturing the significance of non-state actors and wider generative mechanisms such as informal normative structures, and private, economic power in the global political economy. Drawing on Fraser's (2008) concept of the transnational public sphere, I explore other potential possibilities for agency-centered appropriations or negations of, and/or resistance to ESD policy discourses, potentially expanding the agency-centered perspective referred to in Bengtsson's analysis and critique of policy making for ESD, or, at the very least, by offering a wider view of possibility for what he refers to as the ‘ineradicable moment of conflict, or antagonism.’ In particular, I broaden the notion of the transnational public sphere to be inclusive of Dussel's (1998) three concerns of transformation, namely; poverty and wealth inequality, environmental degradation, and narrow rationalities involving ongoing colonization of people, territories and resources. In doing this, I concur with Fraser, who suggests that the concept of the public sphere may well be “so thoroughly Westphalian in its deep conceptual structure as to be unsalvageable as a critical tool for theorizing the present” and suggest that public sphere thinking and associated conceptions of agency require expansion, which I offer from postcolonial and decolonization literature, critical realism, ontological experiences, and reflection on Environmental Education (EE) /ESD policy in the southern African region. Ultimately, I propose need for a more radical framework for EE/ ESD policy research that reaches beyond analyses of appropriations of policy within the Wesphalian state framework, and that moves beyond critiquing or seeking out resistance moments associated with the assumptions of trickle down effects from UN level policy, or analysis that is centered on the EE versus ESD debate. Such a framework requires a revitalized notion of agency involving commitment to collective, relational (including the socio-materially relational) and transgressive forms of agency for deep societal transformations all round. Overall, it seems that environmental education policy and praxis research conceptualized within a decolonizing transnational sphere frame appears to still be an open and as yet under-explored terrain.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Revisiting cellulase production and redefining current strategies based on major challenges
- Kuhad, Ramesh Chander, Deswal, Deepa, Sharma, Sonia, Bhattacharya, Abhishek, Jain, Kavish Kumar, Kaur, Amandeep, Pletschke, Brett I, Singh, Ajay, Karp, Matti
- Authors: Kuhad, Ramesh Chander , Deswal, Deepa , Sharma, Sonia , Bhattacharya, Abhishek , Jain, Kavish Kumar , Kaur, Amandeep , Pletschke, Brett I , Singh, Ajay , Karp, Matti
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66142 , vital:28909 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.132
- Description: publisher version , Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as an important and sustainable source of renewable energy. Cellulose constitutes the major component of the lignocellulosic biomass and also offers maximum recalcitrance towards its fullest utilization. The enzymatic breakdown of cellulose is achieved through cellulases. Diverse forms of microbes including fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and yeast are known to produce cellulases that have found extensive application in various industries. Due to the current global political unrest over oil prices and the threat of global warming following combustion of fossil fuels, the paradigm of research is now focused on biofuel production from plant biomass. Conventional approaches have not been economically feasible for meeting the demands of the industry. This review provides an update regarding the status of present microbial cellulase production technologies and research with special reference to solid state fermentation and different molecular techniques such as mutagenesis, metabolic engineering and heterologous gene expression of cellulases from different microbial domains with improved catalytic and stability properties. Metagenomic and genomic studies for mining of novel cellulase genes in addition to screening of culturable strains using conventional methods have been advanced. In addition the bottlenecks associated with cellulase production and how the future research needs to be directed to provide a comprehensive technology for the production of cellulases with novel traits for application at an industrial level without economic constraints are discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Kuhad, Ramesh Chander , Deswal, Deepa , Sharma, Sonia , Bhattacharya, Abhishek , Jain, Kavish Kumar , Kaur, Amandeep , Pletschke, Brett I , Singh, Ajay , Karp, Matti
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66142 , vital:28909 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.132
- Description: publisher version , Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as an important and sustainable source of renewable energy. Cellulose constitutes the major component of the lignocellulosic biomass and also offers maximum recalcitrance towards its fullest utilization. The enzymatic breakdown of cellulose is achieved through cellulases. Diverse forms of microbes including fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and yeast are known to produce cellulases that have found extensive application in various industries. Due to the current global political unrest over oil prices and the threat of global warming following combustion of fossil fuels, the paradigm of research is now focused on biofuel production from plant biomass. Conventional approaches have not been economically feasible for meeting the demands of the industry. This review provides an update regarding the status of present microbial cellulase production technologies and research with special reference to solid state fermentation and different molecular techniques such as mutagenesis, metabolic engineering and heterologous gene expression of cellulases from different microbial domains with improved catalytic and stability properties. Metagenomic and genomic studies for mining of novel cellulase genes in addition to screening of culturable strains using conventional methods have been advanced. In addition the bottlenecks associated with cellulase production and how the future research needs to be directed to provide a comprehensive technology for the production of cellulases with novel traits for application at an industrial level without economic constraints are discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Reflections on Teaching Africa in South Africa:
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142235 , vital:38061 , DOI: 10.1111/1467-9256.12107
- Description: This article draws on the author’s experience of teaching African Studies to undergraduate South African students in order to reflect on some of the key challenges facing teachers of African Studies, both in South Africa and beyond. In particular, it discusses challenges relating to teaching a field as contested as African Studies, looking at whether teaching African alternatives to mainstream African politics is helpful and at whether and how one can teach Africa in a way that encourages and develops critical thinking. The article also explores how the racial politics of the context in which one teaches African Studies inevitably affects the way in which students engage with the content of the course. While the article discusses these issues in relation to the South African higher education context in particular, implications for other contexts are also highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142235 , vital:38061 , DOI: 10.1111/1467-9256.12107
- Description: This article draws on the author’s experience of teaching African Studies to undergraduate South African students in order to reflect on some of the key challenges facing teachers of African Studies, both in South Africa and beyond. In particular, it discusses challenges relating to teaching a field as contested as African Studies, looking at whether teaching African alternatives to mainstream African politics is helpful and at whether and how one can teach Africa in a way that encourages and develops critical thinking. The article also explores how the racial politics of the context in which one teaches African Studies inevitably affects the way in which students engage with the content of the course. While the article discusses these issues in relation to the South African higher education context in particular, implications for other contexts are also highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Rhenium complexes with multidentate imine-, amine-, thione-, thiol-, hydroxy- and carboxamide chelates
- Authors: Habarurema, Gratien
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Rhenium Metal complexes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12679 , vital:27106
- Description: This study entails the synthesis, spectroscopic and structural characterization of new rhenium complexes with multidentate imine-, amine-, thione-, thiol-, hydroxy- and carboxamide chelates in various oxidation states. Rhenium(I) and (V) complexes with imidazolidine, pyrimidine and bridging pyridyl derivatives are reported in Chapter 3. The reactions of the potential tridentate N,N,Odonor ligand 2,2'-dipyridylketone (dpk) with trans-[ReOCl3(PPh3)2], (n-Bu4N)[ReOCl4] and trans-[ReOI2(OEt)(PPh3)2] led to the isolation of cis-[ReOCl2(edpm)], cis-[ReOCl2(dpk.OH)] and [ReO3(dpk.OH)] respectively (see Scheme 1). The reaction of (E)-N-((pyridine-2-yl)methylene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (pbt) with trans- [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] produced a mononuclear oxorhenium(V) complex cis- [ReOCl2(epm)(PPh3)]. Both dpk and pbt exhibited a nucleophilic attack by acetonitrile (for Hedpm), water (for dpk) and ethanol (for pbt) leading to chelates that act as uninegative tridentate N,N,O- and bidentate N,O-donor chelates respectively. The reaction of [Re(CO)5Cl] with 2,3-dihydro-2,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (H2dpb), (2,6-diaza-cyclohex-1-enylolonium)2-aza-benzoate (H2den) and 2-(2-(pyridine-2-yl)imidazolidin-2-yl)pyridine (H2pip) (see Scheme 1) gave rise to novel rhenium(I) complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(H2dmb)Cl], fac-[Re(CO)3(Hhdm)] and fac-[Re(CO)3(H2pip)]Cl respectively. The monomeric cationic salt fac-[Re(CO)3(H2salbam)]Br and ligand-bridged dimer fac- (μ-H2salet)[Re(CO)3]2 complexes were formed by the reactions of [Re(CO)5X] (X = Br or Cl) with the potentially heptadentate Schiff base 2,2,2-tris (salicylideneimino)- triethylamine (H3salet; Scheme 2) respectively. The reactions of the potentially hexadentate ligands acting as tridentate monoanionic N,N,O- or N,O,O-donor chelates N1-(3-(2-hydroxy enzylideneamino) propylamino) ethyl)benzylidenepropane-1,3-diamine (H2salpd) and N,N -bis(salicylidene) -3,6-dioxa-1,8-diaminooctane (H2saldane) (Scheme 2) with [Re(CO)5Cl] led to the isolation of the mononuclear and dinuclear complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(Hsaldane)] and fac-(μ-salpd)[Re(CO)3]2 respectively. The reactions of [Re(CO)5Cl] with the tetradentate ligands 2-{[2-hydroxy-3-{[(E)-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-methylidene]amino}propyl)imino]methyl}phenol (H2hmp), 6-((6E)- ((3E)-3-((oxocyclohexa-2,4-dienyl)methyleneamino)-2-hydroxypropylimino)methyl)- cyclohexa-2,4-dienone (H2hcd.H2O) zwitterion and 2-((1E)-1-((E)-3-(2-hydoxyphenylmethylideneamino)propylimino)methyl)phenol (H2hdp) (see Scheme 2) resulted in the formation of the neutral fac-[Re(CO)3(Hamp)], fac-[Re(CO)3(Hhetp)] and fac- [Re(CO)3(Happ)] respectively. The treatment of 2-((3-(2-hydroxybenzylamino)-propylamino)methyl)phenol (H2hbp) with [Re(CO)3Cl] and trans-[ReOCl3(PPh3)2] gave the fac-[Re(CO)3(Hhbp)] and (μ-O)[ReO(hbp)]2 complexes. The reactions of the ligands H2hmp, H2hdp and H2hap (see Scheme 2) with trans-[ReOBr3(PPh3)2] and trans-[ReOI2(OEt)(PPh3)2] produced dinuclear oxo-bridged rhenium(V) complexes (μ-O)[ReO(hmp)]2, [(μ-O)[ReO(hdp)]2 and (μ-O)[ReO(hap)]2 respectively. The neutral and anionic binding modes of thiosemicarbazones to the fac-[Re(CO)3]+, cis- [ReO2]+ and trans-[ReO2]+ cores have been investigated in Chapter 6. The reactions of the potentially tridentate ligand 1-{1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene}-4- phenylthiosemicarbazide (H2hpt) (see Scheme 3) with [Re(CO)5Cl], cis-[ReO2I(PPh3)2]cand trans-[ReO2(py)4]Cl led to the isolation of the complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(H2hpt)2]Cl, [Re(hipt)(Hipht)(PPh3)] and trans-[ReO(hpt)(Hhpt)] respectively. The X-ray crystal analysis of the complexes show that the ligand H2hpt exhibits decomposition, thiol-enol tautomerism and a thiolate-iminium zwitterionic process, and coordinates in the neutral form via its thione sulfur and nitrogen and anionic through the azo nitrogen, thiolate sulfur and acetophenolic oxygen. A series of nitrogen-heterocyclic amide-, acid-, thiol- and diol-based ligands as well as their related monomeric rhenium(III) and (V) complexes have also been studied (see Chapter 7). The reaction of N-(2-(pyrazine-2-carboxamido)phenyl)pyrazine-2- carboxamide (H2ppc) (Scheme 3) with trans-[ReOBr3(PPh3)2] yielded the complex trans- [ReBr2(Hppca)(PPh3)2]. The reactions of trans-[ReOX3(PPh3)2] (X = Cl, Br) with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pda) produced the neutral oxorhenium(V) complexes [ReOX2(epca)(PPh3)]. The treatment of trans-[ReOBr3(PPh3)2] with 2-mercaptopyridine- 3-carboxylic acid (H2mpc) gave rise to the rhenium(III) complex [Re(empc)3(PPh3)]. The reaction of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (H2bhp) with trans-[ReOI2(EOt)(PPh3)2], trans-[ReOBr3(PPh3)2] and [Re(CO)5Cl] gave the complexes [ReO(Hbhp)2(PPh3)]I.PPh3, cis-[ReOBr2(Hbhp)(PPh3)] and fac-(μ- O)2[Re(CO)3(Hbhp)]2 respectively. Their X-ray crystal structures indicate that the ligand acts as a bidentate monoanionic N,O-donor chelate leaving a free aliphatic hydroxyl group.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Habarurema, Gratien
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Rhenium Metal complexes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12679 , vital:27106
- Description: This study entails the synthesis, spectroscopic and structural characterization of new rhenium complexes with multidentate imine-, amine-, thione-, thiol-, hydroxy- and carboxamide chelates in various oxidation states. Rhenium(I) and (V) complexes with imidazolidine, pyrimidine and bridging pyridyl derivatives are reported in Chapter 3. The reactions of the potential tridentate N,N,Odonor ligand 2,2'-dipyridylketone (dpk) with trans-[ReOCl3(PPh3)2], (n-Bu4N)[ReOCl4] and trans-[ReOI2(OEt)(PPh3)2] led to the isolation of cis-[ReOCl2(edpm)], cis-[ReOCl2(dpk.OH)] and [ReO3(dpk.OH)] respectively (see Scheme 1). The reaction of (E)-N-((pyridine-2-yl)methylene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (pbt) with trans- [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] produced a mononuclear oxorhenium(V) complex cis- [ReOCl2(epm)(PPh3)]. Both dpk and pbt exhibited a nucleophilic attack by acetonitrile (for Hedpm), water (for dpk) and ethanol (for pbt) leading to chelates that act as uninegative tridentate N,N,O- and bidentate N,O-donor chelates respectively. The reaction of [Re(CO)5Cl] with 2,3-dihydro-2,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (H2dpb), (2,6-diaza-cyclohex-1-enylolonium)2-aza-benzoate (H2den) and 2-(2-(pyridine-2-yl)imidazolidin-2-yl)pyridine (H2pip) (see Scheme 1) gave rise to novel rhenium(I) complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(H2dmb)Cl], fac-[Re(CO)3(Hhdm)] and fac-[Re(CO)3(H2pip)]Cl respectively. The monomeric cationic salt fac-[Re(CO)3(H2salbam)]Br and ligand-bridged dimer fac- (μ-H2salet)[Re(CO)3]2 complexes were formed by the reactions of [Re(CO)5X] (X = Br or Cl) with the potentially heptadentate Schiff base 2,2,2-tris (salicylideneimino)- triethylamine (H3salet; Scheme 2) respectively. The reactions of the potentially hexadentate ligands acting as tridentate monoanionic N,N,O- or N,O,O-donor chelates N1-(3-(2-hydroxy enzylideneamino) propylamino) ethyl)benzylidenepropane-1,3-diamine (H2salpd) and N,N -bis(salicylidene) -3,6-dioxa-1,8-diaminooctane (H2saldane) (Scheme 2) with [Re(CO)5Cl] led to the isolation of the mononuclear and dinuclear complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(Hsaldane)] and fac-(μ-salpd)[Re(CO)3]2 respectively. The reactions of [Re(CO)5Cl] with the tetradentate ligands 2-{[2-hydroxy-3-{[(E)-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-methylidene]amino}propyl)imino]methyl}phenol (H2hmp), 6-((6E)- ((3E)-3-((oxocyclohexa-2,4-dienyl)methyleneamino)-2-hydroxypropylimino)methyl)- cyclohexa-2,4-dienone (H2hcd.H2O) zwitterion and 2-((1E)-1-((E)-3-(2-hydoxyphenylmethylideneamino)propylimino)methyl)phenol (H2hdp) (see Scheme 2) resulted in the formation of the neutral fac-[Re(CO)3(Hamp)], fac-[Re(CO)3(Hhetp)] and fac- [Re(CO)3(Happ)] respectively. The treatment of 2-((3-(2-hydroxybenzylamino)-propylamino)methyl)phenol (H2hbp) with [Re(CO)3Cl] and trans-[ReOCl3(PPh3)2] gave the fac-[Re(CO)3(Hhbp)] and (μ-O)[ReO(hbp)]2 complexes. The reactions of the ligands H2hmp, H2hdp and H2hap (see Scheme 2) with trans-[ReOBr3(PPh3)2] and trans-[ReOI2(OEt)(PPh3)2] produced dinuclear oxo-bridged rhenium(V) complexes (μ-O)[ReO(hmp)]2, [(μ-O)[ReO(hdp)]2 and (μ-O)[ReO(hap)]2 respectively. The neutral and anionic binding modes of thiosemicarbazones to the fac-[Re(CO)3]+, cis- [ReO2]+ and trans-[ReO2]+ cores have been investigated in Chapter 6. The reactions of the potentially tridentate ligand 1-{1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene}-4- phenylthiosemicarbazide (H2hpt) (see Scheme 3) with [Re(CO)5Cl], cis-[ReO2I(PPh3)2]cand trans-[ReO2(py)4]Cl led to the isolation of the complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(H2hpt)2]Cl, [Re(hipt)(Hipht)(PPh3)] and trans-[ReO(hpt)(Hhpt)] respectively. The X-ray crystal analysis of the complexes show that the ligand H2hpt exhibits decomposition, thiol-enol tautomerism and a thiolate-iminium zwitterionic process, and coordinates in the neutral form via its thione sulfur and nitrogen and anionic through the azo nitrogen, thiolate sulfur and acetophenolic oxygen. A series of nitrogen-heterocyclic amide-, acid-, thiol- and diol-based ligands as well as their related monomeric rhenium(III) and (V) complexes have also been studied (see Chapter 7). The reaction of N-(2-(pyrazine-2-carboxamido)phenyl)pyrazine-2- carboxamide (H2ppc) (Scheme 3) with trans-[ReOBr3(PPh3)2] yielded the complex trans- [ReBr2(Hppca)(PPh3)2]. The reactions of trans-[ReOX3(PPh3)2] (X = Cl, Br) with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pda) produced the neutral oxorhenium(V) complexes [ReOX2(epca)(PPh3)]. The treatment of trans-[ReOBr3(PPh3)2] with 2-mercaptopyridine- 3-carboxylic acid (H2mpc) gave rise to the rhenium(III) complex [Re(empc)3(PPh3)]. The reaction of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (H2bhp) with trans-[ReOI2(EOt)(PPh3)2], trans-[ReOBr3(PPh3)2] and [Re(CO)5Cl] gave the complexes [ReO(Hbhp)2(PPh3)]I.PPh3, cis-[ReOBr2(Hbhp)(PPh3)] and fac-(μ- O)2[Re(CO)3(Hbhp)]2 respectively. Their X-ray crystal structures indicate that the ligand acts as a bidentate monoanionic N,O-donor chelate leaving a free aliphatic hydroxyl group.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016