In Silico analysis of Spermidine, Spermine and Putrescine interaction with selected heat shock proteins from Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 towards malaria drug development
- Authors: Godlo, Sesethu
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: Heat shock proteins , Malaria vaccine , Plasmodium falciparum
- Language: English
- Type: Master'stheses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27709 , vital:69395
- Description: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that affects around half of the world's population. It is one of the most common parasite infections that endangers human life. One of the most serious issues in malaria therapy is the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug-resistant Plasmodium parasites. This is due to the Plasmodium parasite's constant evolution and development of new methods of surviving medication toxicity. Studies of antimalarial drug development have been focused on polyamine biosynthesis by targeting precursors such as ornithine decarboxylase, adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and spermidine synthase and protein-protein interactions between Plasmodium falciparum chaperones spotting out Hsp90, Hsp70, and Hsp40 as potential targets with little attention being paid to the interaction between polyamines and molecular chaperones. Therefore, this study seeks to identify interactions between polyamines and molecular chaperones present in the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. The identification of these interactions might lead to the design of effective drugs to treat and eliminate malaria. Using computational analysis, this study aims to find interactions between polyamines and molecular chaperones found in the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. The sequences of the selected heat proteins retrieved, and the 3D structures predicted and validated. These structures were docked with polyamines retrieved from PubChem and MD simulations on the docked interactions were performed. Docking revealed common amino acid residues with hydrogen bonds and salt bridges between all receptors and ligands, with glutamine and aspartic acid standing out. MD simulations revealed that when HSP20 and HSP40 transport the ligands, they pop up or are released too quickly. However, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 provide optimism since the ligands remain attached to the proteins for a specific amount of time. To further understand and confirm these interactions wet laboratory studies may be carried out in future. , Thesis (MSci) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
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Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation of 4-& 8-aminoquinoline based-hybrid compounds
- Authors: Nqoro, Xhamla
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Plasmodium falciparum
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14649 , vital:40026
- Description: Malaria is a deadly disease and its drug resistance has been reported to be a challenge globally. The death toll caused by malaria has increased rapidly in different regions of the world. Quinoline scaffold molecules are combined with other classes of antimalarials to tackle drug resistance. The combination of quinoline scaffolds with other antimalarial compounds and metals-based drugs have been reported to be a potential approach to overcome drug resistance common in the currently used antimalarials. 4-Aminoquinoline was hybridized with selected organic molecules and metal-based compounds to form a class of hybrid compounds containing either an amide bond or ester bond as a linker between the parent molecules. 4-Aminoquinoline derivatives are known compounds and they were prepared via known synthetic routes and characterized. The hybrid compounds were characterized and the FTIR results confirmed the successful linkage of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives to selected organic scaffolds to form hybrid compounds. NMR results confirmed the successful formation of hybrid compounds. MS showed signals of the hybrid molecules confirming the successful isolation of the hybrid compounds. In vitro antiplasmodial assay was performed against asexual parasite and chloroquine was used as a reference drug. The percentage inhibition effects of the hybrid compounds were in a range of 96-102% at 5 µM and 36-96% at 1 µM suggesting that the percentage inhibition effect of the hybrid compounds was influenced by the drug concentration. Hybridization of either 4-aminosalicylic scaffold or ferrocene butanoic acid with 4- aminoquinoline derivatives is a potential synthetic route that can result in potent antimalarials. However, more research is needed to fully understand the structure-activity relationship of these hybrid compounds.
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