A comparative assessment of dairy calf feeding management systems at Fernwood Dairy Farm, Alexandria, Eastern Cape
- Phakwago, Potego Steward Kgaditsi
- Authors: Phakwago, Potego Steward Kgaditsi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Dairy cattle -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Dairy cattle -- Feeding and feeds , Cattle -- Feed utilization efficiency
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48069 , vital:40468
- Description: The study compared fresh milk as group control to three different milk replacers (Blossom® Easymix, Denkavit® Milk-Bar and Surromel® Calf) and two milk supplements (Byboost Calf® and SupaCalf®) mixed with fresh milk at Fernwood Dairy Farm in Alexandria, Eastern Cape. The objectives of the study were to compare the growth rate of the calves in a trial from day two to 49 at weaning and to calculate average daily gain with the aim of comparison of the cost/weight gain ratio of each liquid feed fed. Sixty Holstein (60) heifer calves were used in a completely randomised design to calculate average daily body weight gains in the six calf groups fed six different milk feeds. Calves were fed four litres liquid feeds every day. Water and solid feeds (Olifantskop® calf starter pellets and lucerne hay) were available. Results comprise of details regarding weather conditions, weight gain results, and body stature measurements, including body weight, wither height, hip height and heart girth. Statistical analysis of the weight gain and body stature measurements was essential to determine the usefulness and reliability of the research data. Results of the statistical calculations indicated that the body weight gain data provided very useful results with statistical significant differences between the six groups (F=5.09; P=0.0008). Body stature measurements are not as reliable. Results are summarised as follows: Liquid feed Cost/kg weight gain Average daily gain • Fresh milk R 34.29 0.50 kg/day • Blossom®Easymix R39.25 0.35 kg/day • Denkavit® Milk-Bar R22.57 0.42 kg/day • Surromel® Calf R23.48 0.39 kg/day • Fresh milk + Byboost Calf® R37.46 0.47 kg/day • Fresh milk +SupaCalf® R29.76 0.62 kg/day Comparison of the cost/weight gain ratio of milk replacers and fresh milk draws the following conclusions: The cost of feeding a calf was significantly lower when milk replacers Denkavit® and Surromel® were used; however this yielded a lower average daily gain when compared with that of fresh milk. Denkavit® milk replacer had a lower cost than fresh milk in terms of the average daily gain. The cost of the Denkavit was the lowest of all the products (R22.56/kg) and was in the fourth position in weight gain (0.42kg/day). Surromel® lay in the fifth place for both cost (R23.48/kg) and weight gain (0.39 kg/day). Blossom® Easymix milk replacer had a higher cost than fresh milk. Blossom was the most costly of all the feeds (R39.25/kg) but had the lowest average daily gain (0.35 kg/day). Comparison of fresh milk plus additives to fresh milk alone: The use of SupaCalf® additive to fresh milk resulted in the highest average daily gain of 0.62 kg/day at a cost of R29.76/kg which was more cost effective than the control fresh milk group (0.50 kg/day, R34.29/kg), When using Byboost® additive the average daily gain of 0.47 kg/day at a cost of R37.46, less cost effective than fresh milk (0.50 kg/day, R34.29). Statistical analysis of body stature measurements yielded one significant result(F=3.20; p=0.0140) confirming that use of SupaCalf® additive resulted in the biggest heart girth increase at 16.90 cm and the smallest being Blossom® Easymix at 11.88 cm. Figure for the control fresh milk group was 12.86 cm. Dairy calves all over the world are fed different feeds depending on the farm owner or manager’s preference and budget. For those who have been in the industry for a while as well as the newcomers, this study can help when weighing options and deciding on which feeds to use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Phakwago, Potego Steward Kgaditsi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Dairy cattle -- Nutrition -- Requirements , Dairy cattle -- Feeding and feeds , Cattle -- Feed utilization efficiency
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48069 , vital:40468
- Description: The study compared fresh milk as group control to three different milk replacers (Blossom® Easymix, Denkavit® Milk-Bar and Surromel® Calf) and two milk supplements (Byboost Calf® and SupaCalf®) mixed with fresh milk at Fernwood Dairy Farm in Alexandria, Eastern Cape. The objectives of the study were to compare the growth rate of the calves in a trial from day two to 49 at weaning and to calculate average daily gain with the aim of comparison of the cost/weight gain ratio of each liquid feed fed. Sixty Holstein (60) heifer calves were used in a completely randomised design to calculate average daily body weight gains in the six calf groups fed six different milk feeds. Calves were fed four litres liquid feeds every day. Water and solid feeds (Olifantskop® calf starter pellets and lucerne hay) were available. Results comprise of details regarding weather conditions, weight gain results, and body stature measurements, including body weight, wither height, hip height and heart girth. Statistical analysis of the weight gain and body stature measurements was essential to determine the usefulness and reliability of the research data. Results of the statistical calculations indicated that the body weight gain data provided very useful results with statistical significant differences between the six groups (F=5.09; P=0.0008). Body stature measurements are not as reliable. Results are summarised as follows: Liquid feed Cost/kg weight gain Average daily gain • Fresh milk R 34.29 0.50 kg/day • Blossom®Easymix R39.25 0.35 kg/day • Denkavit® Milk-Bar R22.57 0.42 kg/day • Surromel® Calf R23.48 0.39 kg/day • Fresh milk + Byboost Calf® R37.46 0.47 kg/day • Fresh milk +SupaCalf® R29.76 0.62 kg/day Comparison of the cost/weight gain ratio of milk replacers and fresh milk draws the following conclusions: The cost of feeding a calf was significantly lower when milk replacers Denkavit® and Surromel® were used; however this yielded a lower average daily gain when compared with that of fresh milk. Denkavit® milk replacer had a lower cost than fresh milk in terms of the average daily gain. The cost of the Denkavit was the lowest of all the products (R22.56/kg) and was in the fourth position in weight gain (0.42kg/day). Surromel® lay in the fifth place for both cost (R23.48/kg) and weight gain (0.39 kg/day). Blossom® Easymix milk replacer had a higher cost than fresh milk. Blossom was the most costly of all the feeds (R39.25/kg) but had the lowest average daily gain (0.35 kg/day). Comparison of fresh milk plus additives to fresh milk alone: The use of SupaCalf® additive to fresh milk resulted in the highest average daily gain of 0.62 kg/day at a cost of R29.76/kg which was more cost effective than the control fresh milk group (0.50 kg/day, R34.29/kg), When using Byboost® additive the average daily gain of 0.47 kg/day at a cost of R37.46, less cost effective than fresh milk (0.50 kg/day, R34.29). Statistical analysis of body stature measurements yielded one significant result(F=3.20; p=0.0140) confirming that use of SupaCalf® additive resulted in the biggest heart girth increase at 16.90 cm and the smallest being Blossom® Easymix at 11.88 cm. Figure for the control fresh milk group was 12.86 cm. Dairy calves all over the world are fed different feeds depending on the farm owner or manager’s preference and budget. For those who have been in the industry for a while as well as the newcomers, this study can help when weighing options and deciding on which feeds to use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
A model for security incident response in the South African National Research and Education network
- Authors: Mooi, Roderick David
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Information networks -- South Africa , Internet -- Security measures , Computer networks -- Security measures -- South Africa , National Research and Education Network (Computer network)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017598
- Description: This dissertation addresses the problem of a lack of a formal incident response capability in the South African National Research and Education Network (SA NREN). While investigating alternatives it was found that no clear method exists to solve this problem. Therefore, a second problem is identified: the lack of a definitive method for establishing a Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) or Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) in general. Solving the second problem is important as we then have a means of knowing how to start when building a CSIRT. This will set the basis for addressing the initial problem, resulting in a prepared, improved and coordinated response to IT security incidents affecting the SANREN. To commence, the requirements for establishing a CSIRT are identified via a comprehensive literature review. These requirements are categorized into five areas, namely, the basic business requirements followed by the four Ps of the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL). That is, People, Processes, Product and Partners, adapted to suit the CSIRT context. Through the use of argumentation, the relationships between the areas are uncovered and explored. Thereafter, a Design Science Research-based process is utilised to develop a generic model for establishing a CSIRT. The model is based on the interactions uncovered between the business requirements and the adapted four Ps. These are summarised through two views -- strategic and tactical -- together forming an holistic model for establishing a CSIRT. The model highlights the decisions required for the business requirements, services, team model and staff, policies and processes, tools and technologies, and partners of a CSIRT respectively. Finally, to address the primary objective, the generic model is applied to the SANREN environment. Thus, the second artefact is an instantiation, a specific model, which can be implemented to create a CSIRT for the SA NREN. To produce the specific model, insight into the nature of the SANREN environment was required. The status quo was revealed through the use of a survey and argumentative analysis of the results. The specific decisions in each area required to establish an SA NREN CSIRT are explored throughout the development of the model. The result is a comprehensive framework for implementing a CSIRT in the SA NREN, detailing the decisions required in each of the areas. This model additionally acts as a demonstration of the utility of the generic model. The implications of this research are twofold. Firstly, the generic model is useful as a basis for anyone wanting to establish a CSIRT. It helps to ensure that all factors are considered and that no important decisions are neglected, thereby enabling an holistic view. Secondly, the specific model for the SA NREN CSIRT serves as a foundation for implementing the CSIRT going forward. It accelerates the process by addressing the important considerations and highlighting the concerns that must be addressed while establishing the CSIRT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mooi, Roderick David
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Information networks -- South Africa , Internet -- Security measures , Computer networks -- Security measures -- South Africa , National Research and Education Network (Computer network)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9813 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017598
- Description: This dissertation addresses the problem of a lack of a formal incident response capability in the South African National Research and Education Network (SA NREN). While investigating alternatives it was found that no clear method exists to solve this problem. Therefore, a second problem is identified: the lack of a definitive method for establishing a Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) or Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) in general. Solving the second problem is important as we then have a means of knowing how to start when building a CSIRT. This will set the basis for addressing the initial problem, resulting in a prepared, improved and coordinated response to IT security incidents affecting the SANREN. To commence, the requirements for establishing a CSIRT are identified via a comprehensive literature review. These requirements are categorized into five areas, namely, the basic business requirements followed by the four Ps of the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL). That is, People, Processes, Product and Partners, adapted to suit the CSIRT context. Through the use of argumentation, the relationships between the areas are uncovered and explored. Thereafter, a Design Science Research-based process is utilised to develop a generic model for establishing a CSIRT. The model is based on the interactions uncovered between the business requirements and the adapted four Ps. These are summarised through two views -- strategic and tactical -- together forming an holistic model for establishing a CSIRT. The model highlights the decisions required for the business requirements, services, team model and staff, policies and processes, tools and technologies, and partners of a CSIRT respectively. Finally, to address the primary objective, the generic model is applied to the SANREN environment. Thus, the second artefact is an instantiation, a specific model, which can be implemented to create a CSIRT for the SA NREN. To produce the specific model, insight into the nature of the SANREN environment was required. The status quo was revealed through the use of a survey and argumentative analysis of the results. The specific decisions in each area required to establish an SA NREN CSIRT are explored throughout the development of the model. The result is a comprehensive framework for implementing a CSIRT in the SA NREN, detailing the decisions required in each of the areas. This model additionally acts as a demonstration of the utility of the generic model. The implications of this research are twofold. Firstly, the generic model is useful as a basis for anyone wanting to establish a CSIRT. It helps to ensure that all factors are considered and that no important decisions are neglected, thereby enabling an holistic view. Secondly, the specific model for the SA NREN CSIRT serves as a foundation for implementing the CSIRT going forward. It accelerates the process by addressing the important considerations and highlighting the concerns that must be addressed while establishing the CSIRT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
A model of creative and innovative techniques that will prepare final year students to become entrepreneurs
- Authors: Yiadom, Michael Boakye
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Technological innovations -- Economic aspects , Entrepreneurship -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3812 , vital:20465
- Description: Creativity and innovation are significant for the creation of a knowledge and productive base economy with its associated growth, sustainability and job creation. However it is noticed that students will need to employ the techniques on creativity and innovation in order to prepare themselves sufficiently to become business owners and entrepreneurs in this current global world where government jobs are difficult to come by. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to determine creative and innovative techniques that will prepare final-year students to become entrepreneurs. A hard copy Word document questionnaire was considered an appropriate measurement method for this study. The targeted population of the study included entrepreneurial experts, business owners, teachers and lecturers of business management/studies in the Sisonke District of Kwazulu Natal Province. Thus, some 100 entrepreneur experts, owners of businesses, teachers and lecturers were identified as part of the sampling frame. A total number of 67 questionnaires were administered out of the 100 targeted– giving a response rate of 67%. The quantitative data were processed using Excel, leading to appropriate descriptive statistical analyses, including frequencies, means, medians and standard deviations. In order to obtain a better understanding of a model that will prepare final year students to become entrepreneurs, problem statements and sub-problems were stated and a t-test was used to establish demographic variables, whilst correlation analysis among skills was conducted regarding the model of creative and innovative techniques. Factor analysis was conducted using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which confirms that training in the model will prepare students to become entrepreneurs. The results from the empirical study revealed that a model of creative and innovative techniques will prepare students to become entrepreneurs, with a total of 70% of respondents attesting to it. Based on the relevant literature study and the empirical results, recommendations were made in order to support the training needs of students on creativity and innovation techniques. However, the unavailability of an exhaustive entrepreneurial experts database and small number of further education and training colleges in the Sisonke District, did not allow the research to draw on a larger representative sample. Thus, this limitation has impeded in-depth statistical analysis that would have allowed the research to obtain more accurate findings. Further studies could be investigated from lecturers, business owners and experts whether an introduction of a special curriculum on creativity and innovation in further education and training schools may prepare students to become entrepreneurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Yiadom, Michael Boakye
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Technological innovations -- Economic aspects , Entrepreneurship -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3812 , vital:20465
- Description: Creativity and innovation are significant for the creation of a knowledge and productive base economy with its associated growth, sustainability and job creation. However it is noticed that students will need to employ the techniques on creativity and innovation in order to prepare themselves sufficiently to become business owners and entrepreneurs in this current global world where government jobs are difficult to come by. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to determine creative and innovative techniques that will prepare final-year students to become entrepreneurs. A hard copy Word document questionnaire was considered an appropriate measurement method for this study. The targeted population of the study included entrepreneurial experts, business owners, teachers and lecturers of business management/studies in the Sisonke District of Kwazulu Natal Province. Thus, some 100 entrepreneur experts, owners of businesses, teachers and lecturers were identified as part of the sampling frame. A total number of 67 questionnaires were administered out of the 100 targeted– giving a response rate of 67%. The quantitative data were processed using Excel, leading to appropriate descriptive statistical analyses, including frequencies, means, medians and standard deviations. In order to obtain a better understanding of a model that will prepare final year students to become entrepreneurs, problem statements and sub-problems were stated and a t-test was used to establish demographic variables, whilst correlation analysis among skills was conducted regarding the model of creative and innovative techniques. Factor analysis was conducted using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which confirms that training in the model will prepare students to become entrepreneurs. The results from the empirical study revealed that a model of creative and innovative techniques will prepare students to become entrepreneurs, with a total of 70% of respondents attesting to it. Based on the relevant literature study and the empirical results, recommendations were made in order to support the training needs of students on creativity and innovation techniques. However, the unavailability of an exhaustive entrepreneurial experts database and small number of further education and training colleges in the Sisonke District, did not allow the research to draw on a larger representative sample. Thus, this limitation has impeded in-depth statistical analysis that would have allowed the research to obtain more accurate findings. Further studies could be investigated from lecturers, business owners and experts whether an introduction of a special curriculum on creativity and innovation in further education and training schools may prepare students to become entrepreneurs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Customer satisfaction of two market segments in Nelson Mandela Bay: a retail perspective
- Authors: Gwavu, Nontle
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Retail trade -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7825 , vital:24308
- Description: Retail industry in South Africa is witnessing fast growth in all cities in South Africa. Attracting customers become key to success in the increased industry competition. Keeping customers satisfied has never been more important than currently. Retailers need to know what customer needs and wants are, to be able to provide and constantly satisfy their needs. Growth in the industry is largely influenced by economic conditions. A stable economic environment allows customers to spend more, thereby increasing the value of retail trade sales. In South Africa, there is strong competition between the four major dominant firms in the retail industry, which include Pick n Pay Holdings Limited (30%), Shoprite Holdings Limited (34%), Spar Holdings Limited (24%), and Woolworths Holdings Limited (11%). For the firms to grow in South Africa, they must have a clear understanding of consumers’ needs and wants. Services rendered by retailers are of utmost importance to their level of success and ability to successfully cater for the market’s needs. The main purpose of this study is to investigate customer satisfaction of two retail stores in the Nelson Mandela Bay, namely Summerstrand and Cleary Park Pick n Pay stores. Three independent variables (employee empowerment, technology and customer relations) were identified and were tested against one dependent variable (customer satisfaction). A positivistic paradigm was used to conduct the research. The approach uses the quantitative method of research to establish the causal relationships. A null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses were formulated in order to test relationships between variables. A five-point Likert scale enabled primary data to be sourced for 294 customers’ (respondents), who shared their customer satisfaction experience at Pick n Pay stores in the Nelson Mandela Bay. A statistical analysis of quantitative data compromised of three phases. Firstly, the data was subjected to a descriptive analysis to summarise the data. Secondly, reliability (internal consistency) for the research instrument was assessed by means of the Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficient. Finally, multiple linear regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis. The empirical findings show that the independent variable positively correlated with the dependent variables. This implies that a positive relationship between employee empowerment, technology, customer relations and customer satisfaction at Pick n Pay stores. Therefore, recommendations given by the researcher focused on all variables that have a relationship with customer satisfaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Gwavu, Nontle
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Retail trade -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7825 , vital:24308
- Description: Retail industry in South Africa is witnessing fast growth in all cities in South Africa. Attracting customers become key to success in the increased industry competition. Keeping customers satisfied has never been more important than currently. Retailers need to know what customer needs and wants are, to be able to provide and constantly satisfy their needs. Growth in the industry is largely influenced by economic conditions. A stable economic environment allows customers to spend more, thereby increasing the value of retail trade sales. In South Africa, there is strong competition between the four major dominant firms in the retail industry, which include Pick n Pay Holdings Limited (30%), Shoprite Holdings Limited (34%), Spar Holdings Limited (24%), and Woolworths Holdings Limited (11%). For the firms to grow in South Africa, they must have a clear understanding of consumers’ needs and wants. Services rendered by retailers are of utmost importance to their level of success and ability to successfully cater for the market’s needs. The main purpose of this study is to investigate customer satisfaction of two retail stores in the Nelson Mandela Bay, namely Summerstrand and Cleary Park Pick n Pay stores. Three independent variables (employee empowerment, technology and customer relations) were identified and were tested against one dependent variable (customer satisfaction). A positivistic paradigm was used to conduct the research. The approach uses the quantitative method of research to establish the causal relationships. A null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses were formulated in order to test relationships between variables. A five-point Likert scale enabled primary data to be sourced for 294 customers’ (respondents), who shared their customer satisfaction experience at Pick n Pay stores in the Nelson Mandela Bay. A statistical analysis of quantitative data compromised of three phases. Firstly, the data was subjected to a descriptive analysis to summarise the data. Secondly, reliability (internal consistency) for the research instrument was assessed by means of the Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficient. Finally, multiple linear regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis. The empirical findings show that the independent variable positively correlated with the dependent variables. This implies that a positive relationship between employee empowerment, technology, customer relations and customer satisfaction at Pick n Pay stores. Therefore, recommendations given by the researcher focused on all variables that have a relationship with customer satisfaction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Diversity management practices at Lovedale College
- Authors: Chola, Zolani
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Diversity in the workplace -- South Africa -- King William's Town , Public universities and colleges -- South Africa -- King William's Town
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9392 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021163
- Description: The global working environment has altered dramatically over the last decade and in particular, the workforce has begun to consist of many diverse individuals. The world has become a global marketplace, with boundaries between countries becoming increasingly vague and permeable. Advances in technology and the advent of a global economy have brought people from different countries closer together. Globalisation has precipitated many challenges in modern organisations, and one of these challenges is workforce diversity. Workforces in organisations differ in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation. Globally, countries are faced with the spiralling challenge of skills shortages and there is an expanding competition for skilled workers, specifically for those who possess scarce skills. This leads to an expatriation of skills, creating a natural increase in workforce diversity that expands beyond local ethnicity and language. This affects all organisations, including academic institutions such as universities, universities of technology and public further education and training colleges. Given this challenge organisations, educational institutions and other entities are investigating ways to better deal or serve their constituents. Lovedale PFET College is a public further education and training college that provides skills to young South Africans, specifically vocational related skills. The main research problem of this study was to identify the recommended diversity management best practices that characterise effective organisations and determine the extent to which these practices are applied at Lovedale PFET College. In order to address the problem, a theoretical study was conducted which focused on identifying the recommended diversity management best practices. In addition, interviews were conducted with managers at Lovedale College to gain an understanding of their perspective on diversity management. Based on the combined main points gleaned from theory and the interviews, a questionnaire was developed and administered to both academic and support staff at Lovedale PFET College to obtain their perceptions of the diversity practices and outcomes at the college. The results of the survey revealed that Lovedale PFET College could improve on the implementation of best practices in diversity management. Specifically, attention could be given to diversity education and training, and diversity management policies and procedures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Chola, Zolani
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Diversity in the workplace -- South Africa -- King William's Town , Public universities and colleges -- South Africa -- King William's Town
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9392 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021163
- Description: The global working environment has altered dramatically over the last decade and in particular, the workforce has begun to consist of many diverse individuals. The world has become a global marketplace, with boundaries between countries becoming increasingly vague and permeable. Advances in technology and the advent of a global economy have brought people from different countries closer together. Globalisation has precipitated many challenges in modern organisations, and one of these challenges is workforce diversity. Workforces in organisations differ in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation. Globally, countries are faced with the spiralling challenge of skills shortages and there is an expanding competition for skilled workers, specifically for those who possess scarce skills. This leads to an expatriation of skills, creating a natural increase in workforce diversity that expands beyond local ethnicity and language. This affects all organisations, including academic institutions such as universities, universities of technology and public further education and training colleges. Given this challenge organisations, educational institutions and other entities are investigating ways to better deal or serve their constituents. Lovedale PFET College is a public further education and training college that provides skills to young South Africans, specifically vocational related skills. The main research problem of this study was to identify the recommended diversity management best practices that characterise effective organisations and determine the extent to which these practices are applied at Lovedale PFET College. In order to address the problem, a theoretical study was conducted which focused on identifying the recommended diversity management best practices. In addition, interviews were conducted with managers at Lovedale College to gain an understanding of their perspective on diversity management. Based on the combined main points gleaned from theory and the interviews, a questionnaire was developed and administered to both academic and support staff at Lovedale PFET College to obtain their perceptions of the diversity practices and outcomes at the college. The results of the survey revealed that Lovedale PFET College could improve on the implementation of best practices in diversity management. Specifically, attention could be given to diversity education and training, and diversity management policies and procedures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Effectiveness of the project management profession in the Ugandan oil industry : performance, benefits and challenges
- Authors: Kiggundu, Kamulegeya John
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Project Mangement -- Uganda , Oil industry workers -- Uganda , Benchmarking (Management) -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9707 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020059
- Description: Oil is one of the most valuable resources. For a country like Uganda, which is one of the least developed countries in the world with more than one third of the population still living below the poverty line; the discovery of this valuable resource has the capacity to radically alter the economy of the country. But on the other hand, oil exploration, mining and refining are complex, costly, long duration projects with many challenges that require sophisticated financial management, planning, scheduling and cost control. The project management profession is charged as a single point of responsibility for initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling projects in order to meet stakeholder’s needs and expectations. The research objectives were: 1. To identify and examine the challenges and risks associated with the oil industry in Uganda. 2. To investigate the effectiveness of project management practices in the Ugandan oil industry in terms 1 above. 3. Identify how project success can be measured in the Ugandan oil industry. A case study was the research technique adopted and interviews were conducted with the major stakeholders in the Ugandan oil industry. The research findings reveal the challenges and risks that continue to plague the Ugandan oil industry and the role of project management in the exploration phase of the project. The research findings were used to evaluate the role, responsibility and service that project management professionals are expected to render and the actual role, responsibility and service that the professionals have been rendering to the stakeholders in the Ugandan oil industry. The research then concludes by proposing ways of improving the chances of project success in the Ugandan oil industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Kiggundu, Kamulegeya John
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Project Mangement -- Uganda , Oil industry workers -- Uganda , Benchmarking (Management) -- Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9707 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020059
- Description: Oil is one of the most valuable resources. For a country like Uganda, which is one of the least developed countries in the world with more than one third of the population still living below the poverty line; the discovery of this valuable resource has the capacity to radically alter the economy of the country. But on the other hand, oil exploration, mining and refining are complex, costly, long duration projects with many challenges that require sophisticated financial management, planning, scheduling and cost control. The project management profession is charged as a single point of responsibility for initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling projects in order to meet stakeholder’s needs and expectations. The research objectives were: 1. To identify and examine the challenges and risks associated with the oil industry in Uganda. 2. To investigate the effectiveness of project management practices in the Ugandan oil industry in terms 1 above. 3. Identify how project success can be measured in the Ugandan oil industry. A case study was the research technique adopted and interviews were conducted with the major stakeholders in the Ugandan oil industry. The research findings reveal the challenges and risks that continue to plague the Ugandan oil industry and the role of project management in the exploration phase of the project. The research findings were used to evaluate the role, responsibility and service that project management professionals are expected to render and the actual role, responsibility and service that the professionals have been rendering to the stakeholders in the Ugandan oil industry. The research then concludes by proposing ways of improving the chances of project success in the Ugandan oil industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Enterpreneurial orientation at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- Fadairo, Feyisara Olufunmilayo
- Authors: Fadairo, Feyisara Olufunmilayo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , University-based new business enterprises -- South Africa , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020293
- Description: In the knowledge world into which mankind has progressed, universities are engines of economic growth. Their role has changed from producers of labour force to equal contributors - along with government and industry- in regional and national economic and social growth and development. Universities that will survive and succeed in this new climate must embrace entrepreneurship - become entrepreneurially oriented. As in any other organisation corporate entrepreneurship processes explain how entrepreneurship is implemented and diffused throughout a university, and its members must perceive the internal organisational culture as innovation supporting for entrepreneurship to flourish. Hence, the importance of studying internal environmental conditions that influence / enable corporate entrepreneurship. This study investigated NMMU’s entrepreneurial orientation by first determining what an entrepreneurial university is and its key attributes. Next it identified the key structural factors influencing university entrepreneurship and enquired how these structural factors can be influenced to enhance entrepreneurship at NMMU. To this end, survey method was used to sample perception of the university middle managers. The study first determined the level of entrepreneurship in NMMU by measuring its entrepreneurial intensity and then attempted to locate its position on the entrepreneurial grid. Next the level of the university’s internal environmental support for entrepreneurship was determined. The university’s culture was found to be the key factor influencing entrepreneurship with time availability and work discretion as key internal factors through which NMMU’s entrepreneurial culture could be improved. Proactivity and frequency dimensions of entrepreneurship were found to lead to significant improvement in the university’s entrepreneurial output and based on the outcome of the study; suggestions were made on ways of incorporating findings to better improve entrepreneurial orientation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Fadairo, Feyisara Olufunmilayo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Entrepreneurship -- South Africa , University-based new business enterprises -- South Africa , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9348 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020293
- Description: In the knowledge world into which mankind has progressed, universities are engines of economic growth. Their role has changed from producers of labour force to equal contributors - along with government and industry- in regional and national economic and social growth and development. Universities that will survive and succeed in this new climate must embrace entrepreneurship - become entrepreneurially oriented. As in any other organisation corporate entrepreneurship processes explain how entrepreneurship is implemented and diffused throughout a university, and its members must perceive the internal organisational culture as innovation supporting for entrepreneurship to flourish. Hence, the importance of studying internal environmental conditions that influence / enable corporate entrepreneurship. This study investigated NMMU’s entrepreneurial orientation by first determining what an entrepreneurial university is and its key attributes. Next it identified the key structural factors influencing university entrepreneurship and enquired how these structural factors can be influenced to enhance entrepreneurship at NMMU. To this end, survey method was used to sample perception of the university middle managers. The study first determined the level of entrepreneurship in NMMU by measuring its entrepreneurial intensity and then attempted to locate its position on the entrepreneurial grid. Next the level of the university’s internal environmental support for entrepreneurship was determined. The university’s culture was found to be the key factor influencing entrepreneurship with time availability and work discretion as key internal factors through which NMMU’s entrepreneurial culture could be improved. Proactivity and frequency dimensions of entrepreneurship were found to lead to significant improvement in the university’s entrepreneurial output and based on the outcome of the study; suggestions were made on ways of incorporating findings to better improve entrepreneurial orientation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Factors impacting Tablet PC usage in low-income communities
- Authors: Meiring, Natalie
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Information technology -- Economic aspects , Information technology -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4642 , vital:20625
- Description: The purpose of this research was to identify factors that impact on tablet PC usage in low-income communities. In order to determine and identify these factors a main research question and sub-research questions were formulated. The primary research question of this study was "What factors impact on tablet PC usage in low-income communities?" This main research question was answered by creating three sub-research questions followed by triangulating the results from these questions. The first sub-research question was aimed at determining whether prior exposure to touch screen technology impacts the user experience. In order to reach this objective an extensive literature review was conducted on the tablet PC landscape in South Africa. This literature review, coupled with the case study helped answer this first research question. The second sub-research question was concerned with determining whether existing user experience guidelines are relevant to South African users. A thorough literature review was conducted on user experience guidelines and related studies. This literature review, together with the results from the case study helped answer this second research question. The third sub-research question involved identifying specific factors which help improve the user experience of tablet PC users in a specific context. This research question was addressed in the case study. Each sub-research question provided results which were analysed in order to answer the main research question. The factors which impact on tablet PC usage were thus identified and recommendations were proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Meiring, Natalie
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Information technology -- Economic aspects , Information technology -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4642 , vital:20625
- Description: The purpose of this research was to identify factors that impact on tablet PC usage in low-income communities. In order to determine and identify these factors a main research question and sub-research questions were formulated. The primary research question of this study was "What factors impact on tablet PC usage in low-income communities?" This main research question was answered by creating three sub-research questions followed by triangulating the results from these questions. The first sub-research question was aimed at determining whether prior exposure to touch screen technology impacts the user experience. In order to reach this objective an extensive literature review was conducted on the tablet PC landscape in South Africa. This literature review, coupled with the case study helped answer this first research question. The second sub-research question was concerned with determining whether existing user experience guidelines are relevant to South African users. A thorough literature review was conducted on user experience guidelines and related studies. This literature review, together with the results from the case study helped answer this second research question. The third sub-research question involved identifying specific factors which help improve the user experience of tablet PC users in a specific context. This research question was addressed in the case study. Each sub-research question provided results which were analysed in order to answer the main research question. The factors which impact on tablet PC usage were thus identified and recommendations were proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Genetic diversity and population structure of plasmodium falciparum from four epidemiological locations in Malawi
- Authors: Selemani, George Paul
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Plasmodium falciparum , Parasites -- Molecular genetics , Infection -- Genetic aspects , Disease susceptibility -- Genetic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10359 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021026
- Description: In malaria-endemic regions, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection is characterized by extensive genetic/antigenic diversity. Describing this diversity provides important information about the local molecular epidemiology of infecting P. falciparum parasites. Intriguingly, one of the major obstacles to the development of an effective malaria vaccine has been the genetic polymorphisms exhibited by P. falciparum genes encoding targets of human immune system. This situation has necessitated the development of polyvalent vaccines with wide antigenic coverage that would increase the likelihood of vaccine efficacy that covers wide geographical areas of malaria endemic countries. Limited reports are available on the population genetic diversity and structure of P. falciparum in Malawi, and this is of particular concern as the country has put in place several interventions to combat the disease. The primary aim of the research project was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of P. falciparum isolates and comparing complexity from four different epidemiological settings in Malawi using msp-2 gene polymorphisms. Samples were collected from four epidemiological locations in the north, centre and southern regions of Malawi. The diversity and genetic differentiation of P. falciparum populations were analyzed based on the highly polymorphic block 3 msp-2 gene. One hundred and twenty patient samples who presented with signs and symptoms of malaria and who had microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infection were enrolled in the study after they had satisfied the inclusion criteria. Parasite DNA was extracted from the blood spot on to filter paper and analyzed by genotyping the msp-2 gene using allele-specific nested PCR. A total of 28 msp-2 block 3 fragments, defined by the size and the allelic types were detected in the 102 patients. The length variants of the PCR product ranged from 240basepairs (bp) to 450bp for the K1/FC and 410bp to 780bp for the 3D7/IC allelic families. Isolates of the 3D7 alleles were predominant in the population (59 percent), compared to isolates of the K1/ FC27 alleles (41 percent) and for 3D7 and K1 most of the isolates were monoclonal infections. In comparisons between the sites, we observed the highest prevalence of mixed infection in Mwanza (46.7 percent) followed by Dwangwa (23.3 percent) compared to Bolero (16.7 percent) and Mitundu (16.7 percent). The difference in prevalence of mixed infections between Mwanza and the other sites was statistically significant (p=0.041). There was also a non-significant trend towards a higher mean genotype number per isolate in the children aged >5 years compared to those below 5 years of age. These data suggest differences in prevalence rates of mixed infections in different geographical/epidemiological settings in Malawi. Further studies are needed to confirm, with larger sample sizes, the observation of a non-significant trend towards higher multiclonality of infection in older children in malaria endemic areas of Malawi.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Selemani, George Paul
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Plasmodium falciparum , Parasites -- Molecular genetics , Infection -- Genetic aspects , Disease susceptibility -- Genetic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10359 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021026
- Description: In malaria-endemic regions, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection is characterized by extensive genetic/antigenic diversity. Describing this diversity provides important information about the local molecular epidemiology of infecting P. falciparum parasites. Intriguingly, one of the major obstacles to the development of an effective malaria vaccine has been the genetic polymorphisms exhibited by P. falciparum genes encoding targets of human immune system. This situation has necessitated the development of polyvalent vaccines with wide antigenic coverage that would increase the likelihood of vaccine efficacy that covers wide geographical areas of malaria endemic countries. Limited reports are available on the population genetic diversity and structure of P. falciparum in Malawi, and this is of particular concern as the country has put in place several interventions to combat the disease. The primary aim of the research project was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of P. falciparum isolates and comparing complexity from four different epidemiological settings in Malawi using msp-2 gene polymorphisms. Samples were collected from four epidemiological locations in the north, centre and southern regions of Malawi. The diversity and genetic differentiation of P. falciparum populations were analyzed based on the highly polymorphic block 3 msp-2 gene. One hundred and twenty patient samples who presented with signs and symptoms of malaria and who had microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infection were enrolled in the study after they had satisfied the inclusion criteria. Parasite DNA was extracted from the blood spot on to filter paper and analyzed by genotyping the msp-2 gene using allele-specific nested PCR. A total of 28 msp-2 block 3 fragments, defined by the size and the allelic types were detected in the 102 patients. The length variants of the PCR product ranged from 240basepairs (bp) to 450bp for the K1/FC and 410bp to 780bp for the 3D7/IC allelic families. Isolates of the 3D7 alleles were predominant in the population (59 percent), compared to isolates of the K1/ FC27 alleles (41 percent) and for 3D7 and K1 most of the isolates were monoclonal infections. In comparisons between the sites, we observed the highest prevalence of mixed infection in Mwanza (46.7 percent) followed by Dwangwa (23.3 percent) compared to Bolero (16.7 percent) and Mitundu (16.7 percent). The difference in prevalence of mixed infections between Mwanza and the other sites was statistically significant (p=0.041). There was also a non-significant trend towards a higher mean genotype number per isolate in the children aged >5 years compared to those below 5 years of age. These data suggest differences in prevalence rates of mixed infections in different geographical/epidemiological settings in Malawi. Further studies are needed to confirm, with larger sample sizes, the observation of a non-significant trend towards higher multiclonality of infection in older children in malaria endemic areas of Malawi.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Guidelines to address the human factor in the South African National Research and Education Network beneficiary institutions
- Authors: Mjikeliso, Yolanda
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: National Research and Education Network (Computer network) Information networks -- South Africa Computer networks -- Security measures -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9946 , vital:26635
- Description: Even if all the technical security solutions appropriate for an organisation’s network are implemented, for example, firewalls, antivirus programs and encryption, if the human factor is neglected then these technical security solutions will serve no purpose. The greatest challenge to network security is probably not the technological solutions that organisations invest in, but the human factor (non-technical solutions), which most organisations neglect. The human factor is often ignored even though humans are the most important resources of organisations and perform all the physical tasks, configure and manage equipment, enter data, manage people and operate the systems and networks. The same people that manage and operate networks and systems have vulnerabilities. They are not perfect and there will always be an element of mistake-making or error. In other words, humans make mistakes that could result in security vulnerabilities, and the exploitation of these vulnerabilities could in turn result in network security breaches. Human vulnerabilities are driven by many factors including insufficient security education, training and awareness, a lack of security policies and procedures in the organisation, a limited attention span and negligence. Network security may thus be compromised by this human vulnerability. In the context of this dissertation, both physical and technological controls should be implemented to ensure the security of the SANReN network. However, if the human factors are not adequately addressed, the network would become vulnerable to risks posed by the human factor which could threaten the security of the network. Accordingly, the primary research objective of this study is to formulate guidelines that address the information security related human factors in the rolling out and continued management of the SANReN network. An analysis of existing policies and procedures governing the SANReN network was conducted and it was determined that there are currently no guidelines addressing the human factor in the SANReN beneficiary institutions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide the guidelines for addressing the human factor threats in the SANReN beneficiary institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mjikeliso, Yolanda
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: National Research and Education Network (Computer network) Information networks -- South Africa Computer networks -- Security measures -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9946 , vital:26635
- Description: Even if all the technical security solutions appropriate for an organisation’s network are implemented, for example, firewalls, antivirus programs and encryption, if the human factor is neglected then these technical security solutions will serve no purpose. The greatest challenge to network security is probably not the technological solutions that organisations invest in, but the human factor (non-technical solutions), which most organisations neglect. The human factor is often ignored even though humans are the most important resources of organisations and perform all the physical tasks, configure and manage equipment, enter data, manage people and operate the systems and networks. The same people that manage and operate networks and systems have vulnerabilities. They are not perfect and there will always be an element of mistake-making or error. In other words, humans make mistakes that could result in security vulnerabilities, and the exploitation of these vulnerabilities could in turn result in network security breaches. Human vulnerabilities are driven by many factors including insufficient security education, training and awareness, a lack of security policies and procedures in the organisation, a limited attention span and negligence. Network security may thus be compromised by this human vulnerability. In the context of this dissertation, both physical and technological controls should be implemented to ensure the security of the SANReN network. However, if the human factors are not adequately addressed, the network would become vulnerable to risks posed by the human factor which could threaten the security of the network. Accordingly, the primary research objective of this study is to formulate guidelines that address the information security related human factors in the rolling out and continued management of the SANReN network. An analysis of existing policies and procedures governing the SANReN network was conducted and it was determined that there are currently no guidelines addressing the human factor in the SANReN beneficiary institutions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide the guidelines for addressing the human factor threats in the SANReN beneficiary institutions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Investigating student readiness for tertiary education
- Authors: Agherdien, Nuraan
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: College preparation programs -- South Africa , Students, Transfer of , College student orientation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9390 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020593
- Description: Many tertiary institutions are confronted with the challenge of unprepared students. This epidemic is largely due to factors in and out of individuals‟ control. These factors include academic proficiency, course-student match, support and integration, financial stability, preparation, personal circumstances and engagement. The main objective of this study is therefore threefold: Firstly, to describe what student readiness entails; secondly to understand why there is a lack of readiness among first-year Human Resource Management students, and thirdly, to identify and improve upon interventions that prepare students for tertiary education. For this study student readiness refers to the ability of students to meet the basic requirements to successfully enrol for a course without remedial assistance and to successfully complete their studies in the recommended timeframe. The target population of this study focussed on students who registered on a full-time basis for the National Diploma in Human Resource Management for the academic year 2014 (n=117). A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the students and an open-ended questionnaire additionally to the lecturers who teach first-year Human Resource Management students. The study was subjected to various statistical techniques such as Cronbach‟s alpha, t-tests, Pearson moment product correlation and Cohen‟s d. In doing so an improved insight into student readiness and success was developed. The main findings of the study indicated that there is a relationship between the type of schooling and readiness factors as statistical significance was noted. In addition, students who scored high on readiness factors were more likely to succeed in tertiary education. Moreover the number of interventions students is exposed to positively influence student readiness and success. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge which relates to the broader educational environment in South Africa and provides recommendations to address student readiness and success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Agherdien, Nuraan
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: College preparation programs -- South Africa , Students, Transfer of , College student orientation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9390 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020593
- Description: Many tertiary institutions are confronted with the challenge of unprepared students. This epidemic is largely due to factors in and out of individuals‟ control. These factors include academic proficiency, course-student match, support and integration, financial stability, preparation, personal circumstances and engagement. The main objective of this study is therefore threefold: Firstly, to describe what student readiness entails; secondly to understand why there is a lack of readiness among first-year Human Resource Management students, and thirdly, to identify and improve upon interventions that prepare students for tertiary education. For this study student readiness refers to the ability of students to meet the basic requirements to successfully enrol for a course without remedial assistance and to successfully complete their studies in the recommended timeframe. The target population of this study focussed on students who registered on a full-time basis for the National Diploma in Human Resource Management for the academic year 2014 (n=117). A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the students and an open-ended questionnaire additionally to the lecturers who teach first-year Human Resource Management students. The study was subjected to various statistical techniques such as Cronbach‟s alpha, t-tests, Pearson moment product correlation and Cohen‟s d. In doing so an improved insight into student readiness and success was developed. The main findings of the study indicated that there is a relationship between the type of schooling and readiness factors as statistical significance was noted. In addition, students who scored high on readiness factors were more likely to succeed in tertiary education. Moreover the number of interventions students is exposed to positively influence student readiness and success. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge which relates to the broader educational environment in South Africa and provides recommendations to address student readiness and success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Prevalence and resistance gene mutations of multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Hayes, Cindy
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Microbial mutation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10125 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020374
- Description: The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drugresistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are a major medical and public problem threatening the global health. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the prevalence of MDR-TB and XDR-TB in the Eastern Cape; (ii) analyze patterns of gene mutations in MDR-TB and (iii) identify gene mutations associated with resistance to second line injectable drugs in XDR-TB isolates. A total of 1520 routine sputum specimens sequentially received within a period of 12 months i.e. February 2012 to February 2013 from all MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients treated by Hospitals and clinics in the Eastern Cape were included in this study, of which 1004 had interpretable results. Samples were analyzed with the Genotype MTBDRplus VER 2.0 assay kit (Hain Lifescience) for detection of resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid while solid and liquid culture drug susceptibility tests were used for ethambutol, streptomycin, ethionamide, ofloxacin, capreomycin and amikacin. PCR and sequence analysis of short regions of target genes gyrA, (encode subunit of DNA topoisomerase gyrase), rrs (16S rRNA) and tlyA (encodes a 2’-O-methyltransferase) were performed on 20 XDR-TB isolates. MTBDRplus kit results and drug susceptibility tests identified 462 MDR-TB, 284 pre-XDR and 258 XDR-TB isolates from 267 clinics and 25 hospitals in the Eastern Cape. There was a high frequency of resistance to streptomycin, ethionamide, amikacin, ofloxacin and capreomycin. Mutation patterns indicated differences between the health districts as well as differences between the facilities within the health districts. The most common mutation patterns observed were: (i) ΔWT3, ΔWT4, MUT1 [D516V+del515] (rpoB), ΔWT, MUT1 [S315T1] (katG), ΔWT1 [C15T] (inhA) [39 MDR, 204 XDR-TB and 214 pre XDR-TB isolates], (ii) ΔWT8, MUT3 [L533P+S531L] (rpoB), ΔWT, MUT1 [S315T1] [145 MDR, 18 pre-XDR and 3 XDR-TB solates] and (iii) ΔWT3, WT4 [D516Y+del515] (rpoB), ΔWT, MUT1 [S315T1] (katG) [75 MDR, 1 pre-XDR and 7 XDR-TB isolates]. Mutations in inhA promoter regions were strongly associated with XDR-TB isolates. Two thirds (66.6 percent (669/1004) of the isolates had inhA mutations present with 25.4 percent (170/669) found among the MDR isolates, 39.2 percent (262/669) among the pre-XDR isolates and 35.4 percent (237/669) among the XDR-TB isolates, which implies that these resistant isolates are being spread by transmission within the community and circulating in the province. There was good correlation between XDR-TB drug susceptibility test results and sequence analyses of the gyrA and rrs genes. The majority of XDR-TB isolates contained mutations at positions C269T (6/20) and 1401G (18/20) in gyrA and rrs genes respectively. Sequence analysis of short regions of gyrA and rrs genes may be useful for detection of fluoroquinolone and amikacin/ kanamycin resistance in XDR-TB isolates but the tlyA gene is not a sensitive genetic marker for capreomycin resistance. This study highlighted the urgent need for the development of rapid diagnostics for XDR-TB and raised serious concerns regarding ineffective patientmanagement resulting in ongoing transmission of extremely resistant strains of XDRTB in the Eastern Cape suggesting that the Eastern Cape could be fast becoming the epicenter for the development of Totally Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (TDR-TB) in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Hayes, Cindy
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Microbial mutation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10125 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020374
- Description: The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drugresistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are a major medical and public problem threatening the global health. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the prevalence of MDR-TB and XDR-TB in the Eastern Cape; (ii) analyze patterns of gene mutations in MDR-TB and (iii) identify gene mutations associated with resistance to second line injectable drugs in XDR-TB isolates. A total of 1520 routine sputum specimens sequentially received within a period of 12 months i.e. February 2012 to February 2013 from all MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients treated by Hospitals and clinics in the Eastern Cape were included in this study, of which 1004 had interpretable results. Samples were analyzed with the Genotype MTBDRplus VER 2.0 assay kit (Hain Lifescience) for detection of resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid while solid and liquid culture drug susceptibility tests were used for ethambutol, streptomycin, ethionamide, ofloxacin, capreomycin and amikacin. PCR and sequence analysis of short regions of target genes gyrA, (encode subunit of DNA topoisomerase gyrase), rrs (16S rRNA) and tlyA (encodes a 2’-O-methyltransferase) were performed on 20 XDR-TB isolates. MTBDRplus kit results and drug susceptibility tests identified 462 MDR-TB, 284 pre-XDR and 258 XDR-TB isolates from 267 clinics and 25 hospitals in the Eastern Cape. There was a high frequency of resistance to streptomycin, ethionamide, amikacin, ofloxacin and capreomycin. Mutation patterns indicated differences between the health districts as well as differences between the facilities within the health districts. The most common mutation patterns observed were: (i) ΔWT3, ΔWT4, MUT1 [D516V+del515] (rpoB), ΔWT, MUT1 [S315T1] (katG), ΔWT1 [C15T] (inhA) [39 MDR, 204 XDR-TB and 214 pre XDR-TB isolates], (ii) ΔWT8, MUT3 [L533P+S531L] (rpoB), ΔWT, MUT1 [S315T1] [145 MDR, 18 pre-XDR and 3 XDR-TB solates] and (iii) ΔWT3, WT4 [D516Y+del515] (rpoB), ΔWT, MUT1 [S315T1] (katG) [75 MDR, 1 pre-XDR and 7 XDR-TB isolates]. Mutations in inhA promoter regions were strongly associated with XDR-TB isolates. Two thirds (66.6 percent (669/1004) of the isolates had inhA mutations present with 25.4 percent (170/669) found among the MDR isolates, 39.2 percent (262/669) among the pre-XDR isolates and 35.4 percent (237/669) among the XDR-TB isolates, which implies that these resistant isolates are being spread by transmission within the community and circulating in the province. There was good correlation between XDR-TB drug susceptibility test results and sequence analyses of the gyrA and rrs genes. The majority of XDR-TB isolates contained mutations at positions C269T (6/20) and 1401G (18/20) in gyrA and rrs genes respectively. Sequence analysis of short regions of gyrA and rrs genes may be useful for detection of fluoroquinolone and amikacin/ kanamycin resistance in XDR-TB isolates but the tlyA gene is not a sensitive genetic marker for capreomycin resistance. This study highlighted the urgent need for the development of rapid diagnostics for XDR-TB and raised serious concerns regarding ineffective patientmanagement resulting in ongoing transmission of extremely resistant strains of XDRTB in the Eastern Cape suggesting that the Eastern Cape could be fast becoming the epicenter for the development of Totally Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (TDR-TB) in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Retention strategies for gold-collar employees in an institution of higher education
- Authors: Grobler, Elaine Maria
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Employee retention , Universities and colleges -- Employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6126 , vital:21041
- Description: Gold-collar employees are defined as key employees who have a discernible influence on the realisation of an organisation’s strategic goals and vision. These employees’ competitive advantage lies in their conceptual skills and specifically in their knowledge and creativity. However, because of their unique competencies, they are high in demand and it is more difficult for organisations to attract and retain them. The main research problem in this study was to investigate the concept of a gold-collar employee, the needs and expectations of these employees, as well as retention strategies that can be used to retain them, with specific focus on academics in an institution of higher education. To address the main and identified sub-problems, a literature study was conducted on gold-collar employees, the dilemma of retaining these employees, their needs and expectations and retention strategies. Interviews were conducted with selected senior level employees from various disciplines that had extensive experience in research, teaching and academic management, to establish how they perceived a gold-collar employee in the context of the university and what in their experience they considered as factors that enhanced the retention of these employees. An HTML survey questionnaire was administered to a target group of academics ranging from associate lecturer, lecturer, senior lecturer and associate professor to professor, including academic managers. The survey focused on their level of teaching and research experience, needs and expectations and their perceptions of the retention strategies used at the university. The results from the empirical study revealed that respondents were experienced in teaching development and practices, but not recognised on an internal, national and international level. Flexible working conditions were regarded as most important along with opportunities for self-fulfilment. Employees with more experience in teaching had a greater need and expectation for empowerment while those with more research experience needed and expected more remuneration, rewards and recognition. The respondents also deemed being located in a city or town that allowed for a high quality of living as important. Retention of highly skilled employees is important especially in a knowledge environment as they contribute strategically to the vision and competitive advantage of the organisation. Their skills and knowledge are costly and not easy to replace. Therefore it is important to put strategies in place to retain these gold-collar employees.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Grobler, Elaine Maria
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Employee retention , Universities and colleges -- Employees
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6126 , vital:21041
- Description: Gold-collar employees are defined as key employees who have a discernible influence on the realisation of an organisation’s strategic goals and vision. These employees’ competitive advantage lies in their conceptual skills and specifically in their knowledge and creativity. However, because of their unique competencies, they are high in demand and it is more difficult for organisations to attract and retain them. The main research problem in this study was to investigate the concept of a gold-collar employee, the needs and expectations of these employees, as well as retention strategies that can be used to retain them, with specific focus on academics in an institution of higher education. To address the main and identified sub-problems, a literature study was conducted on gold-collar employees, the dilemma of retaining these employees, their needs and expectations and retention strategies. Interviews were conducted with selected senior level employees from various disciplines that had extensive experience in research, teaching and academic management, to establish how they perceived a gold-collar employee in the context of the university and what in their experience they considered as factors that enhanced the retention of these employees. An HTML survey questionnaire was administered to a target group of academics ranging from associate lecturer, lecturer, senior lecturer and associate professor to professor, including academic managers. The survey focused on their level of teaching and research experience, needs and expectations and their perceptions of the retention strategies used at the university. The results from the empirical study revealed that respondents were experienced in teaching development and practices, but not recognised on an internal, national and international level. Flexible working conditions were regarded as most important along with opportunities for self-fulfilment. Employees with more experience in teaching had a greater need and expectation for empowerment while those with more research experience needed and expected more remuneration, rewards and recognition. The respondents also deemed being located in a city or town that allowed for a high quality of living as important. Retention of highly skilled employees is important especially in a knowledge environment as they contribute strategically to the vision and competitive advantage of the organisation. Their skills and knowledge are costly and not easy to replace. Therefore it is important to put strategies in place to retain these gold-collar employees.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
SecMVC : a model for secure software design based on the model-view-controller pattern
- Authors: Colesky, Michael Robert
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Computer networks -- Security measures -- Software , Computer software -- Development , Model-driven software architecture
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9823 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020614
- Description: Current advances in the software development industry are growing more ubiquitous by the day. This has caused for security, not only in the broader sense, but specifically within the design and overall development of software itself, to become all the more important. An evidently prevalent problem in the domain of software development is that software security is not consistently addressed during design, which undermines core security concerns, and leads to the development of insecure software. This research seeks to address this issue via a model for secure software design, which is based on a software design pattern, namely, the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. The use of a pattern to convey knowledge is not a new notion. However, the ability of software design patterns to convey secure software design is an idea worth investigating. Following identification of secure software design principles and concepts, as well as software design patterns, specifically those relating to the MVC pattern, a model was designed and developed. With the MVC pattern argued as being a suitable foundation for the model, the security conscious MVC (SecMVC) combines secure software design principles and concepts into the MVC pattern. Together herewith, the MVC pattern’s components in the MVC Compound pattern, namely: the Observer pattern, the Strategy pattern, and the Composite pattern, have provided further sub-models for less abstraction and greater detail. These sub-models were developed, as a result of the SecMVC model’s evaluation in the validation for this study, an expert review. Argued in the light of similar research methods, the expert review was chosen – along with a process that included the use of two expert participants to validate the SecMVC model. It was determined through the expert review that the SecMVC model is of sufficient utility, quality, and efficacy to constitute research value. The research methodology process followed was design science, in which the SecMVC model, which includes its related sub-models, serves as the artefact and research output of this study. This research study contributes evidence of the feasibility for integrating knowledge into software design patterns. This includes the SecMVC model itself. In addition, it argues for the use of an expert review, as an evaluative research method for such an artifact.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Colesky, Michael Robert
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Computer networks -- Security measures -- Software , Computer software -- Development , Model-driven software architecture
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9823 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020614
- Description: Current advances in the software development industry are growing more ubiquitous by the day. This has caused for security, not only in the broader sense, but specifically within the design and overall development of software itself, to become all the more important. An evidently prevalent problem in the domain of software development is that software security is not consistently addressed during design, which undermines core security concerns, and leads to the development of insecure software. This research seeks to address this issue via a model for secure software design, which is based on a software design pattern, namely, the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. The use of a pattern to convey knowledge is not a new notion. However, the ability of software design patterns to convey secure software design is an idea worth investigating. Following identification of secure software design principles and concepts, as well as software design patterns, specifically those relating to the MVC pattern, a model was designed and developed. With the MVC pattern argued as being a suitable foundation for the model, the security conscious MVC (SecMVC) combines secure software design principles and concepts into the MVC pattern. Together herewith, the MVC pattern’s components in the MVC Compound pattern, namely: the Observer pattern, the Strategy pattern, and the Composite pattern, have provided further sub-models for less abstraction and greater detail. These sub-models were developed, as a result of the SecMVC model’s evaluation in the validation for this study, an expert review. Argued in the light of similar research methods, the expert review was chosen – along with a process that included the use of two expert participants to validate the SecMVC model. It was determined through the expert review that the SecMVC model is of sufficient utility, quality, and efficacy to constitute research value. The research methodology process followed was design science, in which the SecMVC model, which includes its related sub-models, serves as the artefact and research output of this study. This research study contributes evidence of the feasibility for integrating knowledge into software design patterns. This includes the SecMVC model itself. In addition, it argues for the use of an expert review, as an evaluative research method for such an artifact.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Strategies for promoting ethics within the SAPS
- Authors: McCarthy, Charlton Shamus
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Police ethics -- South Africa , Law enforcement -- Moral and ethical aspects , Police -- South Africa -- Conduct of life
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8553 , vital:26406
- Description: Corruption and unethical management is a legitimate global concern as it can have a direct and substantial impact on the longevity and the success of an organisation, and a country. As a result much attention has been given to unethical behavior and organisational ethical violations over the last decade. Recent events have indicated that ethics management is an organisational concern with mammoth implications for organisations. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of strategies for the promotion of ethics and the impact of unethical conduct on an organisation. A direct link exists between employee behaviour and the organisational environment. The desired ethical environment is negatively affected if the employees cannot distinguish between right and wrong and do not act ethically when confronted with ethical dilemmas. Proposed ethics strategies may also be impacted on by the unethical behaviour of the leadership of organisations, compliance with legislation and poorly managed ethics strategies. The main research problem in this study was to identify what strategies could be adopted to create an ethical culture within an organisation. To achieve this objective a model was developed, proposed and supported with literature and the research study. A research questionnaire was designed to obtain the relevant data that was distributed to previously identified respondents. The results indicated that the majority employees were of the view that the organisational environment and leadership was not ethical and that the majority of employees were not actively pursuing an ethical environment. Findings indicated that the majority of employees felt that contributing factors to achieve an ethical environment was present, but ethic strategies were ineffective and poorly managed. The proposed study model, when implemented successfully, would allow the organisation the effective application of ethic interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: McCarthy, Charlton Shamus
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Police ethics -- South Africa , Law enforcement -- Moral and ethical aspects , Police -- South Africa -- Conduct of life
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8553 , vital:26406
- Description: Corruption and unethical management is a legitimate global concern as it can have a direct and substantial impact on the longevity and the success of an organisation, and a country. As a result much attention has been given to unethical behavior and organisational ethical violations over the last decade. Recent events have indicated that ethics management is an organisational concern with mammoth implications for organisations. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of strategies for the promotion of ethics and the impact of unethical conduct on an organisation. A direct link exists between employee behaviour and the organisational environment. The desired ethical environment is negatively affected if the employees cannot distinguish between right and wrong and do not act ethically when confronted with ethical dilemmas. Proposed ethics strategies may also be impacted on by the unethical behaviour of the leadership of organisations, compliance with legislation and poorly managed ethics strategies. The main research problem in this study was to identify what strategies could be adopted to create an ethical culture within an organisation. To achieve this objective a model was developed, proposed and supported with literature and the research study. A research questionnaire was designed to obtain the relevant data that was distributed to previously identified respondents. The results indicated that the majority employees were of the view that the organisational environment and leadership was not ethical and that the majority of employees were not actively pursuing an ethical environment. Findings indicated that the majority of employees felt that contributing factors to achieve an ethical environment was present, but ethic strategies were ineffective and poorly managed. The proposed study model, when implemented successfully, would allow the organisation the effective application of ethic interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and vegetables irrigated with wastewater effluent in the Bauffalo City Region
- Authors: Nzube, Silumko
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Heavy metals -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Buffalo City , Sewage irrigation -- South Africa -- Buffalo City
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10436 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d10207673
- Description: The present study was conducted to assess selected heavy metal levels (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni and Pb) in soil and plants that are irrigated by mixed industrial and domestic wastewater in the Buffalo City region. Three types of samples were studied: soil, water and vegetables (spinach and beetroot). Soil analysis showed that most of the heavy metals were found to be acceptable within the SEPA limits. Most of the heavy metal concentrations found in the wastewater indicate that the water is not suitable for irrigation or for livestock use, according to guidelines from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa. The level of copper in the wastewater effluent exceeded the level specified by SEPA limits. In the wastewater the lead concentration averaged 3.24 and 1.98 ppm in Tshatshu (TS) and Mlakalaka (ML) respectively, which shows that both sites are not suitable for both irrigation and livestock usage. The heavy metal levels (Ni, Pb, and Cu) in both spinach and beetroot samples exceed the criteria specified by the WHO and SEPA standards. The study recommends terminating the usage of effluent for irrigation and further investigation or monitoring in these water sources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Nzube, Silumko
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Heavy metals -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa -- Buffalo City , Sewage irrigation -- South Africa -- Buffalo City
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10436 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d10207673
- Description: The present study was conducted to assess selected heavy metal levels (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni and Pb) in soil and plants that are irrigated by mixed industrial and domestic wastewater in the Buffalo City region. Three types of samples were studied: soil, water and vegetables (spinach and beetroot). Soil analysis showed that most of the heavy metals were found to be acceptable within the SEPA limits. Most of the heavy metal concentrations found in the wastewater indicate that the water is not suitable for irrigation or for livestock use, according to guidelines from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa. The level of copper in the wastewater effluent exceeded the level specified by SEPA limits. In the wastewater the lead concentration averaged 3.24 and 1.98 ppm in Tshatshu (TS) and Mlakalaka (ML) respectively, which shows that both sites are not suitable for both irrigation and livestock usage. The heavy metal levels (Ni, Pb, and Cu) in both spinach and beetroot samples exceed the criteria specified by the WHO and SEPA standards. The study recommends terminating the usage of effluent for irrigation and further investigation or monitoring in these water sources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The effects of shot peening on low cycle fatigue life of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy round bar
- Authors: Peters, Donald Michael Dirk
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Shot peening , Aluminum alloys -- Fatigue , Metals -- Fatigue
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2929 , vital:20364
- Description: The aim in this dissertation was to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of shot peening in prolonging fatigue life, of 7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy round bar, taking into consideration surface residual stress, microstructural and micro-hardness parameters. Three point bending, high stress, moderately low cycle, fatigue tests were conducted to study the effects of shot peening and associated surface residual compressive stresses on fatigue life. The influence of shot peening on the microstructure was explored, including the application of mechanical small plastic straining and surface skimming, to vary the surface residual compressive stresses and induce strain hardening. Tests were performed to measure residual stress-depth distribution, plastic straining, micro-hardness, and the microstructure analysed on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographs. The Juvinall and Marshek life prediction model was used in conjunction with the Gerber equation for non-zero mean stress applications to generate a proposed life prediction model for this material which is user-friendly. The proposed life prediction model has a linear equation format with the flexibility to conservatively accommodate most of the various types, and combinations, of treatments applied in this research by the use of customised constants. The results show that there was good correlation between actual and predicted fatigue life as well as useful insights into the role of the microstructure in explaining fatigue life behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Peters, Donald Michael Dirk
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Shot peening , Aluminum alloys -- Fatigue , Metals -- Fatigue
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2929 , vital:20364
- Description: The aim in this dissertation was to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of shot peening in prolonging fatigue life, of 7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy round bar, taking into consideration surface residual stress, microstructural and micro-hardness parameters. Three point bending, high stress, moderately low cycle, fatigue tests were conducted to study the effects of shot peening and associated surface residual compressive stresses on fatigue life. The influence of shot peening on the microstructure was explored, including the application of mechanical small plastic straining and surface skimming, to vary the surface residual compressive stresses and induce strain hardening. Tests were performed to measure residual stress-depth distribution, plastic straining, micro-hardness, and the microstructure analysed on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractographs. The Juvinall and Marshek life prediction model was used in conjunction with the Gerber equation for non-zero mean stress applications to generate a proposed life prediction model for this material which is user-friendly. The proposed life prediction model has a linear equation format with the flexibility to conservatively accommodate most of the various types, and combinations, of treatments applied in this research by the use of customised constants. The results show that there was good correlation between actual and predicted fatigue life as well as useful insights into the role of the microstructure in explaining fatigue life behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The extent to which selected management accounting techniques are practised by SMEs in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Korkie, Waven Merchan
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Managerial accounting Small business -- Accounting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45792 , vital:38990
- Description: The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which selected management accounting techniques are practised by small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nelson Mandela Bay. Management accounting techniques can be described as the information and methods management use for decision-making in order to operate the business more effectively. Management accounting research has focused on large companies over the years. Limited research exists with regards to the practises of management accounting techniques within SMEs and the extent to which it is used. It is widely accepted that SMEs are an important part of most economies and contribute significantly in economic terms. This study outlines the selected management accounting techniques, and highlights the importance of management accounting within SMEs. This study appropriately considered a quantitative method, by using a self-administered questionnaire for the primary objective of the study. The designated population, who was surveyed, included the financial manager, management accountant or skilled accounting staff members within SMEs. Purposive sampling was considered, which consisted of the database of Nelson Mandela Bay Chamber of Commerce, Business Partners and Transnet, all of which work closely with SMEs in Nelson Mandela Bay. The study obtained 53 responses from 126 SMEs targeted. However, only 50 responses were usable. The main findings of the study reveal that SMEs are neutral with regards to the usage of the selected management accounting techniques, which means that to some extent the selected management accounting techniques are used, and to another extent it is not used. Conclusions with regard to the extent to which SMEs use the selected management accounting techniques, cannot be generalised, and further research is recommended. However, this research can be used as a basis for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Korkie, Waven Merchan
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Managerial accounting Small business -- Accounting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45792 , vital:38990
- Description: The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which selected management accounting techniques are practised by small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nelson Mandela Bay. Management accounting techniques can be described as the information and methods management use for decision-making in order to operate the business more effectively. Management accounting research has focused on large companies over the years. Limited research exists with regards to the practises of management accounting techniques within SMEs and the extent to which it is used. It is widely accepted that SMEs are an important part of most economies and contribute significantly in economic terms. This study outlines the selected management accounting techniques, and highlights the importance of management accounting within SMEs. This study appropriately considered a quantitative method, by using a self-administered questionnaire for the primary objective of the study. The designated population, who was surveyed, included the financial manager, management accountant or skilled accounting staff members within SMEs. Purposive sampling was considered, which consisted of the database of Nelson Mandela Bay Chamber of Commerce, Business Partners and Transnet, all of which work closely with SMEs in Nelson Mandela Bay. The study obtained 53 responses from 126 SMEs targeted. However, only 50 responses were usable. The main findings of the study reveal that SMEs are neutral with regards to the usage of the selected management accounting techniques, which means that to some extent the selected management accounting techniques are used, and to another extent it is not used. Conclusions with regard to the extent to which SMEs use the selected management accounting techniques, cannot be generalised, and further research is recommended. However, this research can be used as a basis for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The impact of the global financial crisis on small businesses
- Authors: Dontoni, Jovani Zavatunga
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Global Financial Crisis , Small business
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9333 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021187
- Description: The creation and survival of SMEs largely continues to depend upon access to financing. When a financial crisis in the USA becomes a global economic crisis, SMEs and entrepreneurs all over the world suffer what can be called a double shock; a drop in demand for goods and services and a further tightening in credit terms. It becomes important therefore, to have a strategy on how to tackle the difficulties created by the crisis. Governments are trying to respond by helping to support sales and prevent bankruptcy of SMEs; by increasing access to liquidity, and by helping SMEs to maintain their investment level. Adequate responses of small businesses to the global financial crisis will determine how they will be impacted by the global financial crisis. Many research studies have shown how businesses behave in times of economic abundance. Although over ten economic recessions occurred during the past century, research on the response of businesses to financial challenges remains low. For this reason, the aim of this research was to demonstrate the response of small business owners and managers to the global financial crisis. To achieve this objective, the researcher used an integrated study method, as follows: A systematic literature review of the importance of small businesses in the economy and the implications of the global financial crises in the world and the South African economies. An empirical survey was conducted on small businesses in the Nelson Mandela Bay area in order to demonstrate their response to the global financial crisis. The results of the literature review and the empirical survey allowed the research to come to the conclusion that during times of financial challenges, small businesses decrease the number of people employed (only employ the people needed), increase efficiency through management, and reduce costs through efficient operations. This study contributes to the literature on small business responsive behaviour during times of economic crisis. As a result, this study presents recommendations and suggestions to assist owners and/or managers to respond appropriately to times of financial contraction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Dontoni, Jovani Zavatunga
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Global Financial Crisis , Small business
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:9333 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021187
- Description: The creation and survival of SMEs largely continues to depend upon access to financing. When a financial crisis in the USA becomes a global economic crisis, SMEs and entrepreneurs all over the world suffer what can be called a double shock; a drop in demand for goods and services and a further tightening in credit terms. It becomes important therefore, to have a strategy on how to tackle the difficulties created by the crisis. Governments are trying to respond by helping to support sales and prevent bankruptcy of SMEs; by increasing access to liquidity, and by helping SMEs to maintain their investment level. Adequate responses of small businesses to the global financial crisis will determine how they will be impacted by the global financial crisis. Many research studies have shown how businesses behave in times of economic abundance. Although over ten economic recessions occurred during the past century, research on the response of businesses to financial challenges remains low. For this reason, the aim of this research was to demonstrate the response of small business owners and managers to the global financial crisis. To achieve this objective, the researcher used an integrated study method, as follows: A systematic literature review of the importance of small businesses in the economy and the implications of the global financial crises in the world and the South African economies. An empirical survey was conducted on small businesses in the Nelson Mandela Bay area in order to demonstrate their response to the global financial crisis. The results of the literature review and the empirical survey allowed the research to come to the conclusion that during times of financial challenges, small businesses decrease the number of people employed (only employ the people needed), increase efficiency through management, and reduce costs through efficient operations. This study contributes to the literature on small business responsive behaviour during times of economic crisis. As a result, this study presents recommendations and suggestions to assist owners and/or managers to respond appropriately to times of financial contraction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The influence of selected variables on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour
- Authors: Nkoyi, Anele
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Motor vehicles -- Purchasing , Consumer behavior , Marketing -- Decision making
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9119 , vital:26466
- Description: Marketers are faced with informed and highly complex consumers. The consumer market is becoming more competitive and more difficult to predict as consumers make purchase decisions in their everyday life. An ongoing need exists for information and an examination of purchasing behaviour for marketers to succeed in their pursuit of business endeavours. This study examines the influence of selected variables on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour. Five independent variables, namely branding, price, promotion, safety features and colour were investigated and the dependent variable (purchasing behaviour) was examined. In doing so, various stages which consumers undergo when making purchasing decisions were discussed. These stages were outlined as need recognition, information search, and evaluation of alternatives, purchase and post-purchase behaviour. The primary research objective of this study was to determine the influence of selected variables on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, an empirical investigation was undertaken. The quantitative (positivistic) paradigm was used in this study, as the aim was to test the hypotheses and conceptualmodel of the study using statistical analysis. In gathering primary data, 192 self-administered questionnaires were issued to respondents for completion by means of convenience and quota non-probability sampling. Upon completion of all the questionnaires, data was analysed in order to arrive at the conclusions regarding the research questions. The empirical findings and analysis followed a systematic and statistical process, where exploratory factor analysis using target rotation was used to test the validity of the measuring instrument. Cronbach alpha correlation coefficients were used to confirm the reliability of the measuring instrument, while multiple regression analysis was carried out to test the hypothesised relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable of the study. ANOVA was applied to determine differences in the demographic characteristics of respondents. The main findings on the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument proved to be statistically satisfactory. The main findings which emerged from the multiple regression analysis suggested that price and colour had statistically significant influence on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour. Findings revealed that branding, promotion and safety conditions had no significant effects on motor vehicle related purchasing behaviour. Accordingly, the hypotheses for price and colour were accepted and those for branding, promotion and safety conditions were rejected. Therefore according to respondents, price and colour of a motor vehicle are the most important considerations when undertaking purchasing decisions regarding motor vehicles. Additionally, the empirical investigation revealed that significant differences exist between age groups of respondents, meaning that different age groups of respondents had different perceptions and opinions with regard to their purchasing patterns relating to price. Furthermore, significant differences were also found between male and female respondents in terms of price and colour, meaning that the two genders had different perceptions and opinions with regard to their purchasing patterns in these areas. The empirical findings of this study are relevant for motor vehicle retailers and original equipment manufacturers, as the findings provide important information regarding the influence of selected variables on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour. Secondly the findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge regarding purchasing behaviour.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Nkoyi, Anele
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Motor vehicles -- Purchasing , Consumer behavior , Marketing -- Decision making
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9119 , vital:26466
- Description: Marketers are faced with informed and highly complex consumers. The consumer market is becoming more competitive and more difficult to predict as consumers make purchase decisions in their everyday life. An ongoing need exists for information and an examination of purchasing behaviour for marketers to succeed in their pursuit of business endeavours. This study examines the influence of selected variables on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour. Five independent variables, namely branding, price, promotion, safety features and colour were investigated and the dependent variable (purchasing behaviour) was examined. In doing so, various stages which consumers undergo when making purchasing decisions were discussed. These stages were outlined as need recognition, information search, and evaluation of alternatives, purchase and post-purchase behaviour. The primary research objective of this study was to determine the influence of selected variables on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, an empirical investigation was undertaken. The quantitative (positivistic) paradigm was used in this study, as the aim was to test the hypotheses and conceptualmodel of the study using statistical analysis. In gathering primary data, 192 self-administered questionnaires were issued to respondents for completion by means of convenience and quota non-probability sampling. Upon completion of all the questionnaires, data was analysed in order to arrive at the conclusions regarding the research questions. The empirical findings and analysis followed a systematic and statistical process, where exploratory factor analysis using target rotation was used to test the validity of the measuring instrument. Cronbach alpha correlation coefficients were used to confirm the reliability of the measuring instrument, while multiple regression analysis was carried out to test the hypothesised relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable of the study. ANOVA was applied to determine differences in the demographic characteristics of respondents. The main findings on the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument proved to be statistically satisfactory. The main findings which emerged from the multiple regression analysis suggested that price and colour had statistically significant influence on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour. Findings revealed that branding, promotion and safety conditions had no significant effects on motor vehicle related purchasing behaviour. Accordingly, the hypotheses for price and colour were accepted and those for branding, promotion and safety conditions were rejected. Therefore according to respondents, price and colour of a motor vehicle are the most important considerations when undertaking purchasing decisions regarding motor vehicles. Additionally, the empirical investigation revealed that significant differences exist between age groups of respondents, meaning that different age groups of respondents had different perceptions and opinions with regard to their purchasing patterns relating to price. Furthermore, significant differences were also found between male and female respondents in terms of price and colour, meaning that the two genders had different perceptions and opinions with regard to their purchasing patterns in these areas. The empirical findings of this study are relevant for motor vehicle retailers and original equipment manufacturers, as the findings provide important information regarding the influence of selected variables on motor vehicle-related purchasing behaviour. Secondly the findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge regarding purchasing behaviour.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2014
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