Understanding the sexual risk behaviours of people living with different mental illnesses and their vulnerability to HIV infection
- Authors: Ndlovu, Deogracious
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Health -- Social aspects , HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25037 , vital:63899
- Description: This study was primarily carried out in order to assess the sexual risk behaviours of people living with mental illnesses as well as their vulnerability to HIV infection. It sets out the basic realities of the interaction between mental illness and HIV/AIDS and its impact on individuals and communities. This study explores the implications for health policy and practice, and suggests how to provide better support and assistance in the empowerment of people living with mental illness as far as HIV and AIDS is concerned, including community support. It was also the aim of this study to look into the factors that expose this group of people to HIV infection as well as to understand the link between HIV/AIDS and mental illness. It also tested the inclusion of people with mental disabilities in HIV and AIDS prevention and education programmes. The research was conducted on the basis of a qualitative research design. A semi-structured interview schedule was used in broad based interviews to gather information from caregivers or guardians of people with mental disabilities as well as the professionals in the mental health sector. The results of the research revealed that people who are living with mental illnesses are a vulnerable group as regards HIV infection. It also conveys that this group of people presents with sexual risk behaviours, which increase their vulnerability to HIV and AIDS. In addition, there are many barriers against the inclusion of this group of people in HIV and AIDS prevention and education programmes and, as a result, they are often excluded from participating in such programmes. Importantly, the findings of this study acknowledge that there is a two-fold relationship between mental illness and HIV/AIDS. It indicates that mental illnesses are still regarded as mysterious in the community and there is much stigma and discrimination towards the mentally ill, increasing their vulnerability to HIV infection. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Ndlovu, Deogracious
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Health -- Social aspects , HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25037 , vital:63899
- Description: This study was primarily carried out in order to assess the sexual risk behaviours of people living with mental illnesses as well as their vulnerability to HIV infection. It sets out the basic realities of the interaction between mental illness and HIV/AIDS and its impact on individuals and communities. This study explores the implications for health policy and practice, and suggests how to provide better support and assistance in the empowerment of people living with mental illness as far as HIV and AIDS is concerned, including community support. It was also the aim of this study to look into the factors that expose this group of people to HIV infection as well as to understand the link between HIV/AIDS and mental illness. It also tested the inclusion of people with mental disabilities in HIV and AIDS prevention and education programmes. The research was conducted on the basis of a qualitative research design. A semi-structured interview schedule was used in broad based interviews to gather information from caregivers or guardians of people with mental disabilities as well as the professionals in the mental health sector. The results of the research revealed that people who are living with mental illnesses are a vulnerable group as regards HIV infection. It also conveys that this group of people presents with sexual risk behaviours, which increase their vulnerability to HIV and AIDS. In addition, there are many barriers against the inclusion of this group of people in HIV and AIDS prevention and education programmes and, as a result, they are often excluded from participating in such programmes. Importantly, the findings of this study acknowledge that there is a two-fold relationship between mental illness and HIV/AIDS. It indicates that mental illnesses are still regarded as mysterious in the community and there is much stigma and discrimination towards the mentally ill, increasing their vulnerability to HIV infection. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
A Feminist Analysis of Lyman Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Lucy Maud Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables and Frances Hodgson Burnett’s The Secret Garden
- Authors: Becker, Bonnie
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Fiction , Children , Orphans
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23214 , vital:55905
- Description: The primary aim of this project is to provide a close contextual and textual analysis of the selected children’s classics: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Anne of Green Gables and The Secret Garden using the feminist literary theory. From this perspective I have shown how the selected works of Lyman Frank Baum, Lucy Maud Montgomery and Frances Hodgson Burnett’s writing have contributed to women’s stereotypical roles within society and perpetuated their subjugated position. I have also conducted an examination of the extent to which the female protagonists attempt to emancipate themselves from gender oppression. A comparative study of the selected children’s texts has not yet been conducted and therefore this project serves as a significant contribution to this field of study. An exploration of the historical background of the authors and children’s literature is conducted to provide an overview into the inner workings of the writers’ lives and the historical significance of children’s literature as a genre. The theoretical framework of feminist literary theory is used in the analysis of the selected texts. The connection between feminist literary theory and children’s literature is highlighted and provides further understanding of the purpose of this study. The history of feminism as both a movement and a contemporary literary criticism is explored. Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex is used when analysing the texts’ characters and how they are based on society’s stereotypical gender roles. Luce Irigaray’s Speculum of the Other Woman and This Sex Which is Not One is examined to aid in an exploration of psychological female oppression through feminine and masculine discourse evident in the creation of the novels’ female and male characters. Hélène Cixous’ “The Laugh of the Medusa” and The Newly Born Woman is interrogated according to the stereotypical ideology surrounding the terms masculinity and femininity and how these terms are interpreted in the selected works. Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble and Undoing Gender are additionally explored to assist in the understanding of the concept of gender performativity and through the lens of Butler’s interpolation of gender the move towards the emancipation of women is seen in the selected children’s texts. The close textual feminist analysis focuses on the female protagonists: Dorothy, Anne and Mary as well as the secondary female characters: the wicked witches, Aunt Em, the Queen of the Field-Mice, the princess made from china, Glinda’s female soldiers from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; Marilla Cuthbert, Rachel Lynde and Diana Barry from Anne of Green Gables and Martha, Mrs Sowerby and Mrs Craven from The Secret Garden. The portrayal of the secondary male characters are additionally explored according to feminist literary theory: The Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, the Lion and the wizard Oz from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; Matthew Cuthbert and Gilbert Blythe from Anne of the Green Gables’ and Mr Craven, Colin Craven and Dickon Sowerby from The Secret Garden. The comparison of these children’s classics by Baum, Montgomery and Burnett provides insight into the selected works of all three writers, through the lens offered by feminist literary theory. Through the interrogation of these representative female protagonists found in early children’s literature, an understanding of not only the subordination of women, as evident in literature during this era, is illustrated but also the comprehension that women’s liberation was foreshadowed in these early children’s novels. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
- Authors: Becker, Bonnie
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Fiction , Children , Orphans
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23214 , vital:55905
- Description: The primary aim of this project is to provide a close contextual and textual analysis of the selected children’s classics: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Anne of Green Gables and The Secret Garden using the feminist literary theory. From this perspective I have shown how the selected works of Lyman Frank Baum, Lucy Maud Montgomery and Frances Hodgson Burnett’s writing have contributed to women’s stereotypical roles within society and perpetuated their subjugated position. I have also conducted an examination of the extent to which the female protagonists attempt to emancipate themselves from gender oppression. A comparative study of the selected children’s texts has not yet been conducted and therefore this project serves as a significant contribution to this field of study. An exploration of the historical background of the authors and children’s literature is conducted to provide an overview into the inner workings of the writers’ lives and the historical significance of children’s literature as a genre. The theoretical framework of feminist literary theory is used in the analysis of the selected texts. The connection between feminist literary theory and children’s literature is highlighted and provides further understanding of the purpose of this study. The history of feminism as both a movement and a contemporary literary criticism is explored. Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex is used when analysing the texts’ characters and how they are based on society’s stereotypical gender roles. Luce Irigaray’s Speculum of the Other Woman and This Sex Which is Not One is examined to aid in an exploration of psychological female oppression through feminine and masculine discourse evident in the creation of the novels’ female and male characters. Hélène Cixous’ “The Laugh of the Medusa” and The Newly Born Woman is interrogated according to the stereotypical ideology surrounding the terms masculinity and femininity and how these terms are interpreted in the selected works. Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble and Undoing Gender are additionally explored to assist in the understanding of the concept of gender performativity and through the lens of Butler’s interpolation of gender the move towards the emancipation of women is seen in the selected children’s texts. The close textual feminist analysis focuses on the female protagonists: Dorothy, Anne and Mary as well as the secondary female characters: the wicked witches, Aunt Em, the Queen of the Field-Mice, the princess made from china, Glinda’s female soldiers from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; Marilla Cuthbert, Rachel Lynde and Diana Barry from Anne of Green Gables and Martha, Mrs Sowerby and Mrs Craven from The Secret Garden. The portrayal of the secondary male characters are additionally explored according to feminist literary theory: The Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, the Lion and the wizard Oz from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; Matthew Cuthbert and Gilbert Blythe from Anne of the Green Gables’ and Mr Craven, Colin Craven and Dickon Sowerby from The Secret Garden. The comparison of these children’s classics by Baum, Montgomery and Burnett provides insight into the selected works of all three writers, through the lens offered by feminist literary theory. Through the interrogation of these representative female protagonists found in early children’s literature, an understanding of not only the subordination of women, as evident in literature during this era, is illustrated but also the comprehension that women’s liberation was foreshadowed in these early children’s novels. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
Children’s Grants and Social Security Communities in the Eastern Cape : The Case of Nqabarha Administrative Area
- Authors: Mwangolela, Tafadzwa Fungay
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Children -- Services for -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Grants in aid , Social Security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23159 , vital:55664
- Description: This study examines the impact of children’s grants on household access to food, education and health care. In the face of increased poverty and socio-economic inequalities, social grants are a critical poverty alleviation intervention implemented by the government of South Africa. The children’s grants are offered as part of the social security system which is provided for in the Republic of South Africa Constitution of 1996 and the Social Assistance Act of 2004. The basic needs conceptual framework is the lens informing the focus of the study. Among other major findings, the study reveals that (a) childrens grants play a critical role in improvement of access to food, health care and education, (b) childrens grants are used as collateral, to access short term loans, and (c) social networks and home gardens play a significant role in aiding children’s grants to ensure household access to food, education and health care. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
- Authors: Mwangolela, Tafadzwa Fungay
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Children -- Services for -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Grants in aid , Social Security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23159 , vital:55664
- Description: This study examines the impact of children’s grants on household access to food, education and health care. In the face of increased poverty and socio-economic inequalities, social grants are a critical poverty alleviation intervention implemented by the government of South Africa. The children’s grants are offered as part of the social security system which is provided for in the Republic of South Africa Constitution of 1996 and the Social Assistance Act of 2004. The basic needs conceptual framework is the lens informing the focus of the study. Among other major findings, the study reveals that (a) childrens grants play a critical role in improvement of access to food, health care and education, (b) childrens grants are used as collateral, to access short term loans, and (c) social networks and home gardens play a significant role in aiding children’s grants to ensure household access to food, education and health care. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
Group 12 metal chalcogenides as single source molecular precursors for the preparation of metal sulfide nanoparticles
- Osuntokun, Jejenija https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-2732
- Authors: Osuntokun, Jejenija https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-2732
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Ligands , Chalcogenides , Chemistry, Inorganic
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27428 , vital:67295
- Description: Twelve Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed ligands: alkyl thiourea, 1-ethoxylcarbonyl-1-cyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate and tetramethylthiuram disulfide were synthesized by the reaction between the ligands and the respective metal salts. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Four coordinate geometries were proposed for the compounds based on elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The metal complexes were at best sparingly soluble in polar coordinating solvents such as DMSO and DMF and insoluble in most organic solvents. This makes it practically impossible to grow single crystals suitable for X-ray crystallographic analysis and also resulted in extremely poor 13C-NMR spectra for some of the complexes. Thermogravimetric analysis on some of the complexes showed that they decomposed to their respective metal sulfides and thus suitable as single molecular precursors for the preparation of metal sulfide nanoparticles. Nine of the complexes with good yield were thermolysed and used as single source precursors to synthesized hexadexylamine capped metal sulfide nanoparticles. The optical and structural properties of the nanoparticles were studied using UV-Visible, photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The absorption and emission spectra of the nanoparticles show quantum confinement. The SEM showed the morphology of the particles as nearly spherical, the EDX spectra revealed peaks corresponding to respective metal and sulfur with traces of contaminants being phosphorus from tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP). , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
- Authors: Osuntokun, Jejenija https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-2732
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Ligands , Chalcogenides , Chemistry, Inorganic
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27428 , vital:67295
- Description: Twelve Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed ligands: alkyl thiourea, 1-ethoxylcarbonyl-1-cyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate and tetramethylthiuram disulfide were synthesized by the reaction between the ligands and the respective metal salts. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Four coordinate geometries were proposed for the compounds based on elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The metal complexes were at best sparingly soluble in polar coordinating solvents such as DMSO and DMF and insoluble in most organic solvents. This makes it practically impossible to grow single crystals suitable for X-ray crystallographic analysis and also resulted in extremely poor 13C-NMR spectra for some of the complexes. Thermogravimetric analysis on some of the complexes showed that they decomposed to their respective metal sulfides and thus suitable as single molecular precursors for the preparation of metal sulfide nanoparticles. Nine of the complexes with good yield were thermolysed and used as single source precursors to synthesized hexadexylamine capped metal sulfide nanoparticles. The optical and structural properties of the nanoparticles were studied using UV-Visible, photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The absorption and emission spectra of the nanoparticles show quantum confinement. The SEM showed the morphology of the particles as nearly spherical, the EDX spectra revealed peaks corresponding to respective metal and sulfur with traces of contaminants being phosphorus from tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP). , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
Perspectives of communities on use of alcohol among children in rural areas
- Authors: Noganta, Nandi
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Children -- Alcohol use , Youth -- Alcohol use -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25382 , vital:64234
- Description: Globalisation raises hopes that communities will become self reliant through development success and thus become an integrated whole (Offiong 2001). But the creation of global village leads to fragmentation of communities, a loss of norms and local values. This study focuses on communities of the Eastern Cape Province, exploring the nature of and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals. The researcher aims to develop a culturally sensitive psycho-social approach to address alcohol use among children. The purpose of the research was to investigate the extent to which certain cultural practices contribute towards alcohol use among children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Thus exploring the nature and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals and to explore whether families and communities are aware of the impact of alcohol use by children in the community. The research was qualitative in nature and through semi-structured interview schedules the researcher was able to gain insight in the area of substance use amongst children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Community members, learners from schools, educators and probation officers formed part of the research sample. The research findings suggest that community members are aware that the traditional rituals that are carried out in the rural areas have been contributing to the issue of children using alcohol. However, the community members feel challenged as they become conflicted by their traditional rituals and this impacts upon children using alcohol. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
- Authors: Noganta, Nandi
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Children -- Alcohol use , Youth -- Alcohol use -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25382 , vital:64234
- Description: Globalisation raises hopes that communities will become self reliant through development success and thus become an integrated whole (Offiong 2001). But the creation of global village leads to fragmentation of communities, a loss of norms and local values. This study focuses on communities of the Eastern Cape Province, exploring the nature of and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals. The researcher aims to develop a culturally sensitive psycho-social approach to address alcohol use among children. The purpose of the research was to investigate the extent to which certain cultural practices contribute towards alcohol use among children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Thus exploring the nature and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals and to explore whether families and communities are aware of the impact of alcohol use by children in the community. The research was qualitative in nature and through semi-structured interview schedules the researcher was able to gain insight in the area of substance use amongst children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Community members, learners from schools, educators and probation officers formed part of the research sample. The research findings suggest that community members are aware that the traditional rituals that are carried out in the rural areas have been contributing to the issue of children using alcohol. However, the community members feel challenged as they become conflicted by their traditional rituals and this impacts upon children using alcohol. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
Perspectives of communities on use of alcohol among children in rural areas
- Noganta, Nandi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-3261
- Authors: Noganta, Nandi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-3261
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Alcohol use , Substance abuse , Children
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23192 , vital:55893
- Description: Globalisation raises hopes that communities will become self reliant through development success and thus become an integrated whole (Offiong 2001). But the creation of global village leads to fragmentation of communities, a loss of norms and local values. This study focuses on communities of the Eastern Cape Province, exploring the nature of and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals. The researcher aims to develop a culturally sensitive psycho-social approach to address alcohol use among children. The purpose of the research was to investigate the extent to which certain cultural practices contribute towards alcohol use among children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Thus exploring the nature and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals and to explore whether families and communities are aware of the impact of alcohol use by children in the community. The research was qualitative in nature and through semi-structured interview schedules the researcher was able to gain insight in the area of substance use amongst children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Community members, learners from schools, educators and probation officers formed part of the research sample. The research findings suggest that community members are aware that the traditional rituals that are carried out in the rural areas have been contributing to the issue of children using alcohol. However, the community members feel challenged as they become conflicted by their traditional rituals and this impacts upon children using alcohol. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
- Authors: Noganta, Nandi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-3261
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Alcohol use , Substance abuse , Children
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23192 , vital:55893
- Description: Globalisation raises hopes that communities will become self reliant through development success and thus become an integrated whole (Offiong 2001). But the creation of global village leads to fragmentation of communities, a loss of norms and local values. This study focuses on communities of the Eastern Cape Province, exploring the nature of and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals. The researcher aims to develop a culturally sensitive psycho-social approach to address alcohol use among children. The purpose of the research was to investigate the extent to which certain cultural practices contribute towards alcohol use among children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Thus exploring the nature and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals and to explore whether families and communities are aware of the impact of alcohol use by children in the community. The research was qualitative in nature and through semi-structured interview schedules the researcher was able to gain insight in the area of substance use amongst children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Community members, learners from schools, educators and probation officers formed part of the research sample. The research findings suggest that community members are aware that the traditional rituals that are carried out in the rural areas have been contributing to the issue of children using alcohol. However, the community members feel challenged as they become conflicted by their traditional rituals and this impacts upon children using alcohol. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
Pregnant teenagers' readiness for motherhood: a quantitative investigation in Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Pitso, Tsolo Joseph
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Teenage mothers -- South Africa , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa , Motherhood -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27440 , vital:67298
- Description: The issue of teenage motherhood has been a concern, globally, continentally and locally. The quantitative study assessed whether the pregnant teenagers were ready for motherhood. This report analysed the current positions of women whose first child was to be born when they were teenagers in the rural Eastern Cape setting. The structured questionnaires were given to 106 pregnant teenagers who visited the War Memorial clinic for pregnancy check-up and convenient sampling was used to select these respondents. The items of the questionnaire were divided into the following sub-topics: prenatal and postnatal challenges and roles and responsibilities of motherhood. The study found that most of the pregnant teenagers were aware of the prenatal and postnatal challenges but they were not ready to perform the roles and responsibilities associated with motherhood. The analysis of data was divided in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. The binary regression model was used to assess the factors affecting the pregnant teenagers’ readiness for motherhood. The finding of this study indicated that most (about 79%) of the pregnant teenagers were not aware of the roles and responsibilities of motherhood In addition to being not ready to face the psycho-social challenges of motherhood. Hence they indicated low level of readiness to motherhood. The psycho-social theory of Erikson posited that children who had strong and intact psycho-social relationships with the caregivers might have a high possibility of acquiring their identity during adolescent stage and this will help them to interact both effectively and efficiently with their peers and the society at large. While those do had negative psycho-social development have a high chance of facing identity crisis/confusion. As a result, they might lead them to being victims of psycho-social interaction such as early pregnancy. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
- Authors: Pitso, Tsolo Joseph
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Teenage mothers -- South Africa , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa , Motherhood -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27440 , vital:67298
- Description: The issue of teenage motherhood has been a concern, globally, continentally and locally. The quantitative study assessed whether the pregnant teenagers were ready for motherhood. This report analysed the current positions of women whose first child was to be born when they were teenagers in the rural Eastern Cape setting. The structured questionnaires were given to 106 pregnant teenagers who visited the War Memorial clinic for pregnancy check-up and convenient sampling was used to select these respondents. The items of the questionnaire were divided into the following sub-topics: prenatal and postnatal challenges and roles and responsibilities of motherhood. The study found that most of the pregnant teenagers were aware of the prenatal and postnatal challenges but they were not ready to perform the roles and responsibilities associated with motherhood. The analysis of data was divided in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. The binary regression model was used to assess the factors affecting the pregnant teenagers’ readiness for motherhood. The finding of this study indicated that most (about 79%) of the pregnant teenagers were not aware of the roles and responsibilities of motherhood In addition to being not ready to face the psycho-social challenges of motherhood. Hence they indicated low level of readiness to motherhood. The psycho-social theory of Erikson posited that children who had strong and intact psycho-social relationships with the caregivers might have a high possibility of acquiring their identity during adolescent stage and this will help them to interact both effectively and efficiently with their peers and the society at large. While those do had negative psycho-social development have a high chance of facing identity crisis/confusion. As a result, they might lead them to being victims of psycho-social interaction such as early pregnancy. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
Pregnant teenagers’ readiness for motherhood:A quantitative investigation in Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Pitso, Tsolo Joseph
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Teenage Mothers , Teenage Pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23142 , vital:55652
- Description: The issue of teenage motherhood has been a concern, globally, continentally and locally. The quantitative study assessed whether the pregnant teenagers were ready for motherhood. This report analysed the current positions of women whose first child was to be born when they were teenagers in the rural Eastern Cape setting. The structured questionnaires were given to 106 pregnant teenagers who visited the War Memorial clinic for pregnancy check-up and convenient sampling was used to select these respondents. The items of the questionnaire were divided into the following sub-topics: prenatal and postnatal challenges and roles and responsibilities of motherhood. The study found that most of the pregnant teenagers were aware of the prenatal and postnatal challenges but they were not ready to perform the roles and responsibilities associated with motherhood. The analysis of data was divided in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. The binary regression model was used to assess the factors affecting the pregnant teenagers’ readiness for motherhood. The finding of this study indicated that most (about 79 percent) of the pregnant teenagers were not aware of the roles and responsibilities of motherhood In addition to being not ready to face the psycho-social challenges of motherhood. Hence they indicated low level of readiness to motherhood. The psycho-social theory of Erikson posited that children who had strong and intact psycho-social relationships with the caregivers might have a high possibility of acquiring their identity during adolescent stage and this will help them to interact both effectively and efficiently with their peers and the society at large. While those do had negative psycho-social development have a high chance of facing identity crisis/confusion. As a result, they might lead them to being victims of psycho-social interaction such as early pregnancy. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
- Authors: Pitso, Tsolo Joseph
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Teenage Mothers , Teenage Pregnancy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23142 , vital:55652
- Description: The issue of teenage motherhood has been a concern, globally, continentally and locally. The quantitative study assessed whether the pregnant teenagers were ready for motherhood. This report analysed the current positions of women whose first child was to be born when they were teenagers in the rural Eastern Cape setting. The structured questionnaires were given to 106 pregnant teenagers who visited the War Memorial clinic for pregnancy check-up and convenient sampling was used to select these respondents. The items of the questionnaire were divided into the following sub-topics: prenatal and postnatal challenges and roles and responsibilities of motherhood. The study found that most of the pregnant teenagers were aware of the prenatal and postnatal challenges but they were not ready to perform the roles and responsibilities associated with motherhood. The analysis of data was divided in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. The binary regression model was used to assess the factors affecting the pregnant teenagers’ readiness for motherhood. The finding of this study indicated that most (about 79 percent) of the pregnant teenagers were not aware of the roles and responsibilities of motherhood In addition to being not ready to face the psycho-social challenges of motherhood. Hence they indicated low level of readiness to motherhood. The psycho-social theory of Erikson posited that children who had strong and intact psycho-social relationships with the caregivers might have a high possibility of acquiring their identity during adolescent stage and this will help them to interact both effectively and efficiently with their peers and the society at large. While those do had negative psycho-social development have a high chance of facing identity crisis/confusion. As a result, they might lead them to being victims of psycho-social interaction such as early pregnancy. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013-01
A critical analysis of the screen adaptation of Saule's Unyana womntu
- Authors: Mbatsha,Thembisa
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: Motion picture authorship , Literature -- Adaptations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23078 , vital:55400
- Description: This research will concentrate on various aspects of the screen adaptation of “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989). This study comprises of six chapters. In Chapter 1 of this study, the research aims and objectives are formulated. The research methods that are to be followed will involve a thorough reading of the written text, as well as a comprehensive repetitive viewing of all the episodes of the screen version. In the final part of Chapter 1, background information is provided on the personal life of the author as well as on his contributions to the African literary tradition. Background information on the production of the screen version is also provided. In the Chapter 2, the theoretical aspects of the phenomenon of literary adaptation are discussed. This discussion provides a framework for the analysis of the adaptation of “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989) in the remaining chapters of this study. The aim of this chapter is to identify and discuss the most important principles which come into play when the written text is adapted into a screen production. Since the screen production belongs to the genre of the performing arts, this chapter is introduced with a discussion on the performing arts and on the drama, in particular. The section will be concluded with a discussion on the different sub-types of the drama which can be found, including the screen production. The main emphasis is on an analysis of the basic features and principles of the drama in screen format. Since the screen play Unyana Womntu (1998) is based upon a novel by the same title, the literary features of the novel are to be discussed here as well. The specific features of the Xhosa novel will also receive attention. In Chapter 3, the adaptation of the background of the novel “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989) into the screen production is critically evaluated. Aspects such as the adaptation of the macro-features as well as the micro-features of the background are identified and critically analysed Chapter 4 deals with the adaptation of the character element. This discussion takes place within a particular theoretical framework which defines the essential elements of characterization within the novel and within the drama respectively. It also deals with the manner in which each of these elements is subjected to the process of adaptation. The aim of Chapter 5 is to analyse the adaptation of the plot of “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989) from a written text into a screen production. This analysis is based upon a well-constructed theoretical framework that addresses the various aspects of the plot, as found within narrative texts. Chapter 6 contains a general conclusion which will finally present the observations and findings drawn from the entire study , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
- Authors: Mbatsha,Thembisa
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: Motion picture authorship , Literature -- Adaptations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23078 , vital:55400
- Description: This research will concentrate on various aspects of the screen adaptation of “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989). This study comprises of six chapters. In Chapter 1 of this study, the research aims and objectives are formulated. The research methods that are to be followed will involve a thorough reading of the written text, as well as a comprehensive repetitive viewing of all the episodes of the screen version. In the final part of Chapter 1, background information is provided on the personal life of the author as well as on his contributions to the African literary tradition. Background information on the production of the screen version is also provided. In the Chapter 2, the theoretical aspects of the phenomenon of literary adaptation are discussed. This discussion provides a framework for the analysis of the adaptation of “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989) in the remaining chapters of this study. The aim of this chapter is to identify and discuss the most important principles which come into play when the written text is adapted into a screen production. Since the screen production belongs to the genre of the performing arts, this chapter is introduced with a discussion on the performing arts and on the drama, in particular. The section will be concluded with a discussion on the different sub-types of the drama which can be found, including the screen production. The main emphasis is on an analysis of the basic features and principles of the drama in screen format. Since the screen play Unyana Womntu (1998) is based upon a novel by the same title, the literary features of the novel are to be discussed here as well. The specific features of the Xhosa novel will also receive attention. In Chapter 3, the adaptation of the background of the novel “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989) into the screen production is critically evaluated. Aspects such as the adaptation of the macro-features as well as the micro-features of the background are identified and critically analysed Chapter 4 deals with the adaptation of the character element. This discussion takes place within a particular theoretical framework which defines the essential elements of characterization within the novel and within the drama respectively. It also deals with the manner in which each of these elements is subjected to the process of adaptation. The aim of Chapter 5 is to analyse the adaptation of the plot of “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989) from a written text into a screen production. This analysis is based upon a well-constructed theoretical framework that addresses the various aspects of the plot, as found within narrative texts. Chapter 6 contains a general conclusion which will finally present the observations and findings drawn from the entire study , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
Examining learners' and teachers' perceptions of the relationship between school infrastructure and learners' performance in Fort Beaufort Education District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Ajibade, Benedicta Aremevbemi
- Authors: Ajibade, Benedicta Aremevbemi
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: School facilities , Education and state -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24695 , vital:63526
- Description: This study examined learners’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationship between school infrastructure and learners’ performance in Fort Beaufort Education District, Eastern Cape. The study arose from a concern that, despite South African Government’s commitment to funding the renovation of some old and dilapidated school buildings and constructing new ones so that there would be an improvement in both teaching and learning in affected secondary schools. Regrettably, most school buildings remain in deplorable conditions. There has been poor learner performance at all levels of the secondary education system in some rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Learners’ performance in the Province’s high schools has been described as the worst in the country. From the literature, it appears that no thorough and conclusive studies looking into the issues relating to school buildings and learners’ performance as perceived by learners and teachers in South Africa have been conducted. Hence, the researcher was motivated to examine the relationship between school buildings and learners’ performance. The study was placed within the post-positivism paradigm and used a mixed method research design that incorporated concurrent procedures in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. Likert-scale questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while qualitative data were collected through interviews and observations. A total of 240 learners completed the questionnaire. The researcher conducted 48 brief interviews (36 with teachers and 12 with school principals) from 12 selected secondary schools. Furthermore, the researcher made observations to assess the state of the buildings. At school level, the study revealed that most of the school buildings were in deplorable condition. The teaching and learning environment also compounded the problem of poor learners’ performance. Learners’ motivation/morale, health and safety were not guaranteed in most of the schools, and teachers’ expressed difficulty in performing their job effectively. Large classes, lack of teaching and learning resources, and limited infrastructure were some of the factors hindering teaching and learning at school level. Results obtained from the study showed that the principals and teachers perceived strong links between the condition of their school buildings and learners’ performance. About half of the learners perceived some link between the condition of their schools and their academic performance. The study observed that the majority of school buildings were old and in very bad conditions with few under renovation from the Correctional service department. The study also showed that most schools lack recreational facilities, do not have electricity, laboratories, library and water. Most of the educators are unhappy about their work environment and are not motivated. The study has put forth recommendations for educational planners and for policies regarding the funding norms. Furthermore, based on the findings of the study, there is need for collaborative effort among educational stakeholders to ensure adequate and appropriated delivery of school infrastructure specifically school building that will translate into improved teaching practice at school level and better learners’ performance. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
- Authors: Ajibade, Benedicta Aremevbemi
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: School facilities , Education and state -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24695 , vital:63526
- Description: This study examined learners’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationship between school infrastructure and learners’ performance in Fort Beaufort Education District, Eastern Cape. The study arose from a concern that, despite South African Government’s commitment to funding the renovation of some old and dilapidated school buildings and constructing new ones so that there would be an improvement in both teaching and learning in affected secondary schools. Regrettably, most school buildings remain in deplorable conditions. There has been poor learner performance at all levels of the secondary education system in some rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Learners’ performance in the Province’s high schools has been described as the worst in the country. From the literature, it appears that no thorough and conclusive studies looking into the issues relating to school buildings and learners’ performance as perceived by learners and teachers in South Africa have been conducted. Hence, the researcher was motivated to examine the relationship between school buildings and learners’ performance. The study was placed within the post-positivism paradigm and used a mixed method research design that incorporated concurrent procedures in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. Likert-scale questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while qualitative data were collected through interviews and observations. A total of 240 learners completed the questionnaire. The researcher conducted 48 brief interviews (36 with teachers and 12 with school principals) from 12 selected secondary schools. Furthermore, the researcher made observations to assess the state of the buildings. At school level, the study revealed that most of the school buildings were in deplorable condition. The teaching and learning environment also compounded the problem of poor learners’ performance. Learners’ motivation/morale, health and safety were not guaranteed in most of the schools, and teachers’ expressed difficulty in performing their job effectively. Large classes, lack of teaching and learning resources, and limited infrastructure were some of the factors hindering teaching and learning at school level. Results obtained from the study showed that the principals and teachers perceived strong links between the condition of their school buildings and learners’ performance. About half of the learners perceived some link between the condition of their schools and their academic performance. The study observed that the majority of school buildings were old and in very bad conditions with few under renovation from the Correctional service department. The study also showed that most schools lack recreational facilities, do not have electricity, laboratories, library and water. Most of the educators are unhappy about their work environment and are not motivated. The study has put forth recommendations for educational planners and for policies regarding the funding norms. Furthermore, based on the findings of the study, there is need for collaborative effort among educational stakeholders to ensure adequate and appropriated delivery of school infrastructure specifically school building that will translate into improved teaching practice at school level and better learners’ performance. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
Integrating legacy applications into service oriented architecture middleware
- Makamba, Makaziwe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-4480
- Authors: Makamba, Makaziwe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-4480
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: Service-oriented architecture (Computer science) , Computer architecture
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24294 , vital:62599
- Description: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a dynamic approach that is widely recognized as an innovative and powerful tool for socio-economic development, it is a key catalyst for the emergence of knowledge economy. ICT have been used to develop applications, promote transparency and efficiency in multiple services such e-Learning, e-Government, e-Health and e-Judiciary especially for Marginalized Rural Areas (MRAs). The ICT approach is designed to bridge the digital divide. This approach has been widely deployed in many programs and it has led to the development of a new field which is Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D). Within the context of ICT4D there are arrays of e-services that have been deployed to improve the impoverished communities. Some of these applications have failed to bring the changes that were designed to bring in the community due to the use of old architectures. There is therefore a need to develop a system that will integrate legacy applications into contemporary architectures. To solve the problem of the legacy applications we have developed TeleWeaver Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) middleware into which we integrate an e-Commerce and e-Learning applications into SOA middleware. For this integration system there are specific technologies that were used to integrate legacy applications into SOA middleware: RESTful web services using the slim API, SOAP via Nu-SOAP technologies were used to integrate these legacy applications. Specific methodologies were used to achieve the objectives of this research. The literature review, brainstorming, interviews and development of the system are some of the methods that were used to achieve the objectives of this study. The research methodology is mainly through experiments and to study TeleWeaver SOA middleware architecture. Interviews were conducted to analyze and understand the community needs, since the application discussed in this thesis is tested and implemented for a rural community. The community is called Dwesa, and falls under the ICT project within the Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL). A basic prototyping and Unified Modeling Language (UML) was created to design the system. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a system that integrates legacy applications into an SOA middleware that brings flexibility and effectiveness to these ICT e-services. The research focuses on integrating legacy applications into Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) middleware. It seeks to bring flexibility to e-services that are developed for MRAs. The use of SOA architecture that supports re-usability and interoperability of application provides effectiveness to the e-services. The novelty of the system is in its flexibility, usability and sustainability. SOA is an approach that provides a separation between the interface of the service and its underlying implementation. One of the achievements of the integration project is its ability to connect to SOA middleware. This increases the effectiveness of these e-services. The usability and performance evaluations are conducted to test and evaluate the system within the SLL on the TeleWeaver platform. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
- Authors: Makamba, Makaziwe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6998-4480
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: Service-oriented architecture (Computer science) , Computer architecture
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24294 , vital:62599
- Description: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a dynamic approach that is widely recognized as an innovative and powerful tool for socio-economic development, it is a key catalyst for the emergence of knowledge economy. ICT have been used to develop applications, promote transparency and efficiency in multiple services such e-Learning, e-Government, e-Health and e-Judiciary especially for Marginalized Rural Areas (MRAs). The ICT approach is designed to bridge the digital divide. This approach has been widely deployed in many programs and it has led to the development of a new field which is Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D). Within the context of ICT4D there are arrays of e-services that have been deployed to improve the impoverished communities. Some of these applications have failed to bring the changes that were designed to bring in the community due to the use of old architectures. There is therefore a need to develop a system that will integrate legacy applications into contemporary architectures. To solve the problem of the legacy applications we have developed TeleWeaver Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) middleware into which we integrate an e-Commerce and e-Learning applications into SOA middleware. For this integration system there are specific technologies that were used to integrate legacy applications into SOA middleware: RESTful web services using the slim API, SOAP via Nu-SOAP technologies were used to integrate these legacy applications. Specific methodologies were used to achieve the objectives of this research. The literature review, brainstorming, interviews and development of the system are some of the methods that were used to achieve the objectives of this study. The research methodology is mainly through experiments and to study TeleWeaver SOA middleware architecture. Interviews were conducted to analyze and understand the community needs, since the application discussed in this thesis is tested and implemented for a rural community. The community is called Dwesa, and falls under the ICT project within the Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL). A basic prototyping and Unified Modeling Language (UML) was created to design the system. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a system that integrates legacy applications into an SOA middleware that brings flexibility and effectiveness to these ICT e-services. The research focuses on integrating legacy applications into Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) middleware. It seeks to bring flexibility to e-services that are developed for MRAs. The use of SOA architecture that supports re-usability and interoperability of application provides effectiveness to the e-services. The novelty of the system is in its flexibility, usability and sustainability. SOA is an approach that provides a separation between the interface of the service and its underlying implementation. One of the achievements of the integration project is its ability to connect to SOA middleware. This increases the effectiveness of these e-services. The usability and performance evaluations are conducted to test and evaluate the system within the SLL on the TeleWeaver platform. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
Preparation and characterisation of nanocomposite biodegradable films of hake fish gelatine and Na-montmorillonite
- Authors: Mutize, Innocent
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: Nanocomposites (Materials) , Food -- Packaging
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24261 , vital:62595
- Description: Hake fish (Merluccius paradoxus) based films were prepared using gelatine extracted from hake fish bones and skins. They were characterized using FTIR, TGA and XRD. Polyethylene glycol and distilled water were used as plasticizer and solvent respectively. Montmorillonite clay was also added to the film matrix at different concentration (1-13percent gelatine weight) to improve the films‟ functional properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy analysis were used to characterise gelatine extracted from hake fish bones and skins. The extraction time and temperature were varied between 30 mins to 120 mins and 45°C to 75°C respectively. The yields of the gelatines extracted at the stated conditions were calculated from the hydroxyproline content giving values of 30 to 39percent, 43 to 55percent and 50 to 57percent for extraction at 45°C, 60°C and 75°C respectively. The effect of polyethylene glycol content on the mechanical and barrier properties of hake fish gelatine films was also investigated. The addition of polyethylene glycol to the film solution increased the water vapour permeability from 0.0321 ± 0.0011 ng.m/m2.s.Pa to 0.0993 ± 0.0007 ng.m/m2.s.Pa between 5 and 35percent polyethylene glycol content and decreased tensile strength from 41.92 ± 2.17 MPa to 29.93 ± 0.17 MPa. Sodium treated Montmorillonite was incorporated in the hake fish gelatine film solution in order to assess the effect of Montmorillonite clay on the film mechanical, barrier and thermal properties. Hake fish gelatine-montmorillonite composite films were successfully prepared and characterized. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that the Montmorillonite clay in the film matrices was in an exfoliated state. Water vapour permeability was reduced from 0.0312 ± 0.0016 ng.m/m2.s.Pa to 0.0081 ± 0.0001ng.m/m2.s.Pa and tensile strength improved from 29.93 ± 0.17MPa to 76.78 ± 1.13 MPa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
- Authors: Mutize, Innocent
- Date: 2012-12
- Subjects: Nanocomposites (Materials) , Food -- Packaging
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24261 , vital:62595
- Description: Hake fish (Merluccius paradoxus) based films were prepared using gelatine extracted from hake fish bones and skins. They were characterized using FTIR, TGA and XRD. Polyethylene glycol and distilled water were used as plasticizer and solvent respectively. Montmorillonite clay was also added to the film matrix at different concentration (1-13percent gelatine weight) to improve the films‟ functional properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy analysis were used to characterise gelatine extracted from hake fish bones and skins. The extraction time and temperature were varied between 30 mins to 120 mins and 45°C to 75°C respectively. The yields of the gelatines extracted at the stated conditions were calculated from the hydroxyproline content giving values of 30 to 39percent, 43 to 55percent and 50 to 57percent for extraction at 45°C, 60°C and 75°C respectively. The effect of polyethylene glycol content on the mechanical and barrier properties of hake fish gelatine films was also investigated. The addition of polyethylene glycol to the film solution increased the water vapour permeability from 0.0321 ± 0.0011 ng.m/m2.s.Pa to 0.0993 ± 0.0007 ng.m/m2.s.Pa between 5 and 35percent polyethylene glycol content and decreased tensile strength from 41.92 ± 2.17 MPa to 29.93 ± 0.17 MPa. Sodium treated Montmorillonite was incorporated in the hake fish gelatine film solution in order to assess the effect of Montmorillonite clay on the film mechanical, barrier and thermal properties. Hake fish gelatine-montmorillonite composite films were successfully prepared and characterized. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that the Montmorillonite clay in the film matrices was in an exfoliated state. Water vapour permeability was reduced from 0.0312 ± 0.0016 ng.m/m2.s.Pa to 0.0081 ± 0.0001ng.m/m2.s.Pa and tensile strength improved from 29.93 ± 0.17MPa to 76.78 ± 1.13 MPa. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-12
An appraisal of community-based childcare practices in rural Malawi: The case of Malili Traditional Authority Area, Lilongwe District.
- Authors: Alufandika,Dina
- Date: 2012-11
- Subjects: Tribal government , Child Welfare
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23259 , vital:56857
- Description: The government of Malawi established the community based childcare (CBCC) programme with the aim of addressing early childhood problems and achieve national development in the long run. The CBCC programme, as one of the approaches to early childhood development (ECD), is guided by the national early childhood development policy. It promotes some practices that somehow deviate from the traditional childcare ways that communities have always known. Experience has shown that programmes that have elements of conflict with commonly held beliefs are bound to meet with resistance in society. The study employed a mini survey, focus group discussion, observation and document review to understand how the CBCC childcare practices in Malili intersect with commonly held beliefs about childcare as well as how they reflect on the national ECD policy. The study also focused on understanding the perceptions of community members on the CBCC programme. The study revealed that while some aspects of CBCC delivery conform to commonly held beliefs about childcare in the area under study, others diverge from such beliefs. Such convergence and divergence appear to be in line with the propositions of transformalist globalisation theory- one of the perspectives adopted for the study. The study also found that care practices at CBCC are not a true reflection of the national ECD policy as community members’ perceptions, poor community participation, poverty and lack of caregiver training in ECD contribute towards poor quality of care in CBCC, contrary to what is defined in the national ECD policy. The study also found that while both CBCC caregivers and sampled community members perceived the quality of care at the centers as poor, caregivers had a more positive perception towards the CBCC than community members. The study indicated that CBCC are centres of desperation for low economic status communities. Findings from the research have revealed that cultural values and commonly held beliefs, and exposure to new knowledge through globalisation play a role in determining childcare practices as well as perceptions towards them. In this sense the study has indicated that meanings that communities attach to development interventions influence their actions and perceptions towards it. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-11
- Authors: Alufandika,Dina
- Date: 2012-11
- Subjects: Tribal government , Child Welfare
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23259 , vital:56857
- Description: The government of Malawi established the community based childcare (CBCC) programme with the aim of addressing early childhood problems and achieve national development in the long run. The CBCC programme, as one of the approaches to early childhood development (ECD), is guided by the national early childhood development policy. It promotes some practices that somehow deviate from the traditional childcare ways that communities have always known. Experience has shown that programmes that have elements of conflict with commonly held beliefs are bound to meet with resistance in society. The study employed a mini survey, focus group discussion, observation and document review to understand how the CBCC childcare practices in Malili intersect with commonly held beliefs about childcare as well as how they reflect on the national ECD policy. The study also focused on understanding the perceptions of community members on the CBCC programme. The study revealed that while some aspects of CBCC delivery conform to commonly held beliefs about childcare in the area under study, others diverge from such beliefs. Such convergence and divergence appear to be in line with the propositions of transformalist globalisation theory- one of the perspectives adopted for the study. The study also found that care practices at CBCC are not a true reflection of the national ECD policy as community members’ perceptions, poor community participation, poverty and lack of caregiver training in ECD contribute towards poor quality of care in CBCC, contrary to what is defined in the national ECD policy. The study also found that while both CBCC caregivers and sampled community members perceived the quality of care at the centers as poor, caregivers had a more positive perception towards the CBCC than community members. The study indicated that CBCC are centres of desperation for low economic status communities. Findings from the research have revealed that cultural values and commonly held beliefs, and exposure to new knowledge through globalisation play a role in determining childcare practices as well as perceptions towards them. In this sense the study has indicated that meanings that communities attach to development interventions influence their actions and perceptions towards it. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-11
Market potential and profitability of improved maize open pollinated varieties in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Sibanda, Melusi
- Date: 2012-04
- Subjects: Hybrid corn , Crops -- Effect of stress on
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24598 , vital:63211
- Description: Maize is one of the most important crops grown by smallholder farmers in Amatole and O.R. Tambo Districts of the Eastern Cape. For this study, there were 13 maize varieties that were evaluated extensively by on-farm trials in selected areas under dry land and irrigated conditions. Nine were newly introduced and improved Open Pollinated Varieties (OPVs), while four were locally grown varieties. Among the locally grown varieties, one was a hybrid-check, while the remaining three were improved OPVs. The objectives of this study were: to investigate the potential marketability of newly introduced maize OPVs, identify factors influencing farmers‟ demand of improved maize OPVs and assess their profitability when compared with hybrids. One hundred and thirty seven sample households were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages), gross margins and regression analyses. Data for computing gross margins was taken from the on-farm trials. Results showed that the actual production of improved maize OPVs constituted 0percent in Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme (ZIS) and 20percent of the farmers in the O.R. Tambo District. At Silwindlala Women‟s Project (SWP), the improved maize OPV (Sahara) was grown. The majority of the farmers in the study areas were growing competitor varieties (hybrids and/or in conjunction with landraces). Results show that, there is potential market for improved maize OPVs in the Eastern Cape. The majority of the farmers, 87percent and 92percent in Amatole (SWP and ZIS) and O.R. Tambo Districts respectively, indicated that they were willing to adopt the newly introduced maize OPVs. Results showed that the hybrid PAN 6479 variety in general performed better than improved maize OPVs whereas in some areas, the improved maize OPVs had better gross margins and gross profit margins than the hybrid variety. The indicated genotypes did not show specific adaptation to selected environments. The demand model that employed a multiple regression model was used and data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) computer software. Results of the multiple regression model showed that household socio-economic factors (extension contact, access to credit, availability of household income, proportion of land area under cultivation, proportion of land area under (hybrids and landrace) and perceptions on seed color) and an input market factor (availability of the improved maize OPV seeds on the local shops) were the most important factors influencing farmers' decisions to demanding the improved maize OPVs. Extension contact, access to credit, level of household income and proportion of land area under cultivation, positively influenced the demand for the improved maize OPVs whereas the unavailability of the improved maize OPV seeds on the local shops, proportion of land area under hybrids and landraces and perceptions on seed color negatively influenced the demand for the improved maize OPVs. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-04
- Authors: Sibanda, Melusi
- Date: 2012-04
- Subjects: Hybrid corn , Crops -- Effect of stress on
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24598 , vital:63211
- Description: Maize is one of the most important crops grown by smallholder farmers in Amatole and O.R. Tambo Districts of the Eastern Cape. For this study, there were 13 maize varieties that were evaluated extensively by on-farm trials in selected areas under dry land and irrigated conditions. Nine were newly introduced and improved Open Pollinated Varieties (OPVs), while four were locally grown varieties. Among the locally grown varieties, one was a hybrid-check, while the remaining three were improved OPVs. The objectives of this study were: to investigate the potential marketability of newly introduced maize OPVs, identify factors influencing farmers‟ demand of improved maize OPVs and assess their profitability when compared with hybrids. One hundred and thirty seven sample households were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages), gross margins and regression analyses. Data for computing gross margins was taken from the on-farm trials. Results showed that the actual production of improved maize OPVs constituted 0percent in Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme (ZIS) and 20percent of the farmers in the O.R. Tambo District. At Silwindlala Women‟s Project (SWP), the improved maize OPV (Sahara) was grown. The majority of the farmers in the study areas were growing competitor varieties (hybrids and/or in conjunction with landraces). Results show that, there is potential market for improved maize OPVs in the Eastern Cape. The majority of the farmers, 87percent and 92percent in Amatole (SWP and ZIS) and O.R. Tambo Districts respectively, indicated that they were willing to adopt the newly introduced maize OPVs. Results showed that the hybrid PAN 6479 variety in general performed better than improved maize OPVs whereas in some areas, the improved maize OPVs had better gross margins and gross profit margins than the hybrid variety. The indicated genotypes did not show specific adaptation to selected environments. The demand model that employed a multiple regression model was used and data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) computer software. Results of the multiple regression model showed that household socio-economic factors (extension contact, access to credit, availability of household income, proportion of land area under cultivation, proportion of land area under (hybrids and landrace) and perceptions on seed color) and an input market factor (availability of the improved maize OPV seeds on the local shops) were the most important factors influencing farmers' decisions to demanding the improved maize OPVs. Extension contact, access to credit, level of household income and proportion of land area under cultivation, positively influenced the demand for the improved maize OPVs whereas the unavailability of the improved maize OPV seeds on the local shops, proportion of land area under hybrids and landraces and perceptions on seed color negatively influenced the demand for the improved maize OPVs. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-04
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial studies of metal complexes of substituted thiourea
- Authors: Zulu, Happy Nonkululeko
- Date: 2012-03
- Subjects: Complex compounds , Halides , Ligands
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24327 , vital:62636
- Description: Eighteen complexes Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(III) with phenylthiourea, diethylthiourea, disopropylthiourea and dimethylthiourea were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FTIR, conductivity measurements. The complexes were formulated as either four coordinate for the metal(II) or six coordinate for Fe(III). The proposed formulations are consistent with the spectroscopic data for the complexes. The single crystal X-ray structure of the Zn(II) complex of phenylthiourea, Co(II) complex of diethylthiourea and Zn(II) complex of diisopropylthiourea are also reported. The X-ray crystal structures for these complexes revealed distorted tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions showed that the metal ions are coordinated to two molecules of the substituted thiourea through the sulphur atom and two either acetates or chlorides ions complete the four-coordinate geometry. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the complexes was studied against six bacterial strains using disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. The complexes showed selective antibacterial activity. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-03
- Authors: Zulu, Happy Nonkululeko
- Date: 2012-03
- Subjects: Complex compounds , Halides , Ligands
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24327 , vital:62636
- Description: Eighteen complexes Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(III) with phenylthiourea, diethylthiourea, disopropylthiourea and dimethylthiourea were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FTIR, conductivity measurements. The complexes were formulated as either four coordinate for the metal(II) or six coordinate for Fe(III). The proposed formulations are consistent with the spectroscopic data for the complexes. The single crystal X-ray structure of the Zn(II) complex of phenylthiourea, Co(II) complex of diethylthiourea and Zn(II) complex of diisopropylthiourea are also reported. The X-ray crystal structures for these complexes revealed distorted tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions showed that the metal ions are coordinated to two molecules of the substituted thiourea through the sulphur atom and two either acetates or chlorides ions complete the four-coordinate geometry. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the complexes was studied against six bacterial strains using disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. The complexes showed selective antibacterial activity. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-03
The relationship between exports and economic growth: an empirical case study of the South African automobile industry
- Authors: Taylor, Nina-Mari
- Date: 2012-03
- Subjects: Exports , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26313 , vital:65237
- Description: The dissertation investigates the relationship between automobile exports and economic growth in South Africa. Given the amount of investment and government assistance that has gone into assisting and developing the South African automobile industry via the Motor Industry Development Programme, this study examines whether the increase in automobile exports has impacted on economic growth. A demand-side model of the Export-Led Growth hypothesis is estimated in order to analyse the magnitude of the impact of automobile exports on growth. The results of the VECM and Dynamic Granger Causality test reveal that vehicle exports have a long-run positive impact on economic growth and that a uni-directional causal relationship is found to run from vehicle exports to economic growth. Even though vehicle exports are found to have a relatively significant impact on economic growth, domestic demand factors are concluded as being the key contributor of economic growth in South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-03
- Authors: Taylor, Nina-Mari
- Date: 2012-03
- Subjects: Exports , Automobile industry and trade
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26313 , vital:65237
- Description: The dissertation investigates the relationship between automobile exports and economic growth in South Africa. Given the amount of investment and government assistance that has gone into assisting and developing the South African automobile industry via the Motor Industry Development Programme, this study examines whether the increase in automobile exports has impacted on economic growth. A demand-side model of the Export-Led Growth hypothesis is estimated in order to analyse the magnitude of the impact of automobile exports on growth. The results of the VECM and Dynamic Granger Causality test reveal that vehicle exports have a long-run positive impact on economic growth and that a uni-directional causal relationship is found to run from vehicle exports to economic growth. Even though vehicle exports are found to have a relatively significant impact on economic growth, domestic demand factors are concluded as being the key contributor of economic growth in South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012-03
An assessment of the implementation of intervention programmes which ensure the right to education for orphans in King Williams Town District
- Authors: Ntshuntshe, Zoleka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Student assistance programs
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24661 , vital:63399
- Description: The purpose of the study was to assess the implementation of intervention programmes that ensure the right to education for orphans in schools in the King William’s Town District. Data from the study revealed that there were a number of challenges faced by orphans with regards to accessing social grants and this affected their school performance negatively. Some of the challenges were (1) even though orphans were receiving the social grant, it was inadequate to provide for their home and school needs; (2) there was lack of information by applicants to access documents they needed to apply for social grants. This was an impediment to access to funds from social grants. (3) The long distances travelled by people to reach social services posed obstacles to those wishing to apply for grants. (4) Applicants lacked proper documentation such as birth certificates and parents’ death certificates which could impede application processes for social grants and (5) Lack of monitoring of social grants resulted in the misuse of funds by some caregivers. In the schools it was also established that there was irregular distribution of food parcels which resulted from some people who gave food to their families and friends, leaving the needy ones out. The No fee policy however was a success as most learners were able to remain in school. With regard to school attendance, some of the challenges were: (1) that some learners were struggling to buy school books as this was not covered by the policy. (2) There was slow implementation of scholar nutrition programme with some schools in quintile 1-3 still not being able to benefit from the programme. (3) Scholar transport was not available to most of the learners and (4) learners were without counseling services, since teachers were not trained in psychosocial support. Nonetheless, social workers were adequately trained to provide psychosocial support to learners. In addition, non governmental organizations contributed a vital service by providing orphans with uniforms and food. However their work was limited by resources and funding. The study was situated in the interpretive paradigm which seeks to construct detailed descriptions of reality. The qualitative methods were suitable for data collection purposes because they allowed the use of interviews which collected detailed, authentic information of what goes on in the schools. It was therefore the best method for the research study which seeks to assess implementation of intervention programmes for orphans as they related the challenges they encounter in the implementation of intervention programmes in their schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 8 orphans, 8 caregivers, 4 principals, 4 teachers and 4 social workers from the 4 schools in the district. The study recommends that the Child Support Grant be reviewed upwards and that monitoring be strengthened so that grants are not misused. It is further recommended that the department of social services synchronize its information dissemination strategies with other stakeholder departments, such as the department of education so as to benefit orphans. It is also recommended that the No fee policy be strengthened by such additions as providing books for orphans and other vulnerable children in schools. Finally the study recommends scholar transport to be implemented as learners still have to walk long distances to school. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Ntshuntshe, Zoleka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Student assistance programs
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24661 , vital:63399
- Description: The purpose of the study was to assess the implementation of intervention programmes that ensure the right to education for orphans in schools in the King William’s Town District. Data from the study revealed that there were a number of challenges faced by orphans with regards to accessing social grants and this affected their school performance negatively. Some of the challenges were (1) even though orphans were receiving the social grant, it was inadequate to provide for their home and school needs; (2) there was lack of information by applicants to access documents they needed to apply for social grants. This was an impediment to access to funds from social grants. (3) The long distances travelled by people to reach social services posed obstacles to those wishing to apply for grants. (4) Applicants lacked proper documentation such as birth certificates and parents’ death certificates which could impede application processes for social grants and (5) Lack of monitoring of social grants resulted in the misuse of funds by some caregivers. In the schools it was also established that there was irregular distribution of food parcels which resulted from some people who gave food to their families and friends, leaving the needy ones out. The No fee policy however was a success as most learners were able to remain in school. With regard to school attendance, some of the challenges were: (1) that some learners were struggling to buy school books as this was not covered by the policy. (2) There was slow implementation of scholar nutrition programme with some schools in quintile 1-3 still not being able to benefit from the programme. (3) Scholar transport was not available to most of the learners and (4) learners were without counseling services, since teachers were not trained in psychosocial support. Nonetheless, social workers were adequately trained to provide psychosocial support to learners. In addition, non governmental organizations contributed a vital service by providing orphans with uniforms and food. However their work was limited by resources and funding. The study was situated in the interpretive paradigm which seeks to construct detailed descriptions of reality. The qualitative methods were suitable for data collection purposes because they allowed the use of interviews which collected detailed, authentic information of what goes on in the schools. It was therefore the best method for the research study which seeks to assess implementation of intervention programmes for orphans as they related the challenges they encounter in the implementation of intervention programmes in their schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 8 orphans, 8 caregivers, 4 principals, 4 teachers and 4 social workers from the 4 schools in the district. The study recommends that the Child Support Grant be reviewed upwards and that monitoring be strengthened so that grants are not misused. It is further recommended that the department of social services synchronize its information dissemination strategies with other stakeholder departments, such as the department of education so as to benefit orphans. It is also recommended that the No fee policy be strengthened by such additions as providing books for orphans and other vulnerable children in schools. Finally the study recommends scholar transport to be implemented as learners still have to walk long distances to school. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Effect of fluoroquinolones antibiotics on vancomycin and oxacillin resistant staphylococcus species in Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Soyege, Oludotun
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus , Quinolone antibacterial agents , Fluoroquinolones
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25349 , vital:64212
- Description: This study shows the susceptibility profile of some Staphylococcus species isolated from commensal Staphylococci in Nkonkobe municipality, South Africa. A total number of 120 Staphylococcal isolates were screened for their susceptibilities to various classes of antibiotics such as Aminoglycoside (Gentamycin), Aminoglycoside (Kanamycin), Macrolide (Erythromycin), Tetracycline (Minocycline), Anti-tuberculous (Rifampicin), Lincosamides (Clindamycin), Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolones in general. During the study, 32 (26percent) the test organisms were susceptible to both methicillin and vancomycin, while 12 (10percent) had co-resistance to the antibiotics. Furthermore, Gentamycin (an Aminoglycoside) had a relatively high potency against the isolates with 107 (89.17percent) of the bacteria being susceptible to it, while 10 (8.33percent) were resistant. On the other hand, Erythromycin (a Macrolide) was active against 72 (60percent) of the isolates, while 5 (4.17percent) and 74 (61.67percent) of the isolates yielded intermediate and resistant responses respectively. In addition , 51 (42.5percent) of the isolates were susceptible to rifampicin, while 1 (0.83percent) and 17 (14.17percent) were intermediate and resistant respectively. Ten percent of the isolates screened for their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in this study were positive for mecA gene among the vancomycin-oxacillin resistant strains while van gene was not detected in any of the isolates. This shows how the synergy of both vancomycin and oxacillin contribute to some resistance nature of Staphylococci. In order to overcome this resistance attributes of Staphylococci, to the commonly used antibiotics as discussed under this context, various types of fluoroquinolones were tested. The result shows that less than 10percent of the isolates were generally resistant to the fluoroquinolones except against Nalidix acid to which all the isolates were resistant. Other antibiotics had relatively higher resistance patterns as observed for minocycline (39.51percent), clindamycin (12.75percent), gentamycin (12.31percent) and vancomycin (12.3percent). The new generation fluoroquinolones including Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin to which less than 5percent of the bacteria are resistant gives some clinical advantage over the Methicillin and Vancomycin resistant strains. About 31percent of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance index of ≥1 and suggests animals in the community as potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the environment. Data obtained in this study is of epidemiological importance and valuable for disease control. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Soyege, Oludotun
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus , Quinolone antibacterial agents , Fluoroquinolones
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25349 , vital:64212
- Description: This study shows the susceptibility profile of some Staphylococcus species isolated from commensal Staphylococci in Nkonkobe municipality, South Africa. A total number of 120 Staphylococcal isolates were screened for their susceptibilities to various classes of antibiotics such as Aminoglycoside (Gentamycin), Aminoglycoside (Kanamycin), Macrolide (Erythromycin), Tetracycline (Minocycline), Anti-tuberculous (Rifampicin), Lincosamides (Clindamycin), Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolones in general. During the study, 32 (26percent) the test organisms were susceptible to both methicillin and vancomycin, while 12 (10percent) had co-resistance to the antibiotics. Furthermore, Gentamycin (an Aminoglycoside) had a relatively high potency against the isolates with 107 (89.17percent) of the bacteria being susceptible to it, while 10 (8.33percent) were resistant. On the other hand, Erythromycin (a Macrolide) was active against 72 (60percent) of the isolates, while 5 (4.17percent) and 74 (61.67percent) of the isolates yielded intermediate and resistant responses respectively. In addition , 51 (42.5percent) of the isolates were susceptible to rifampicin, while 1 (0.83percent) and 17 (14.17percent) were intermediate and resistant respectively. Ten percent of the isolates screened for their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in this study were positive for mecA gene among the vancomycin-oxacillin resistant strains while van gene was not detected in any of the isolates. This shows how the synergy of both vancomycin and oxacillin contribute to some resistance nature of Staphylococci. In order to overcome this resistance attributes of Staphylococci, to the commonly used antibiotics as discussed under this context, various types of fluoroquinolones were tested. The result shows that less than 10percent of the isolates were generally resistant to the fluoroquinolones except against Nalidix acid to which all the isolates were resistant. Other antibiotics had relatively higher resistance patterns as observed for minocycline (39.51percent), clindamycin (12.75percent), gentamycin (12.31percent) and vancomycin (12.3percent). The new generation fluoroquinolones including Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin to which less than 5percent of the bacteria are resistant gives some clinical advantage over the Methicillin and Vancomycin resistant strains. About 31percent of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance index of ≥1 and suggests animals in the community as potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the environment. Data obtained in this study is of epidemiological importance and valuable for disease control. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Effectiveness of housing delivery in the Reconstruction and Development Programme in Duncan Village
- Authors: Millie, Lindile Churchill
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Housing development -- South Africa , Public housing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24199 , vital:62441
- Description: The primary objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Housing delivery in the Reconstruction and Development Programme in Duncan Village. This thesis has tried to answer to why there are still places like Duncan Village, situated at the heart of Buffalo City Metropolitan Local Municipality, in the Eastern Cape Province with alarming rate at which the “shanty resident” has been growing and showing no signs of coming to an end? The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in this research. The researcher conducted the research using officials from the Department of Human Settlements, officials from Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Ward Councillor, and Duncan Village community. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Millie, Lindile Churchill
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Housing development -- South Africa , Public housing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24199 , vital:62441
- Description: The primary objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Housing delivery in the Reconstruction and Development Programme in Duncan Village. This thesis has tried to answer to why there are still places like Duncan Village, situated at the heart of Buffalo City Metropolitan Local Municipality, in the Eastern Cape Province with alarming rate at which the “shanty resident” has been growing and showing no signs of coming to an end? The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in this research. The researcher conducted the research using officials from the Department of Human Settlements, officials from Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Ward Councillor, and Duncan Village community. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Molecular detection and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in raw milk from a major dairy farm in the Nkonkobe region, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Silaigwana, Blessing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-1607
- Authors: Silaigwana, Blessing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-1607
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Tuberculosis -- Pathogenesis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24239 , vital:62543
- Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms are the causative agents of tuberculosis in humans as well as animals. The study aimed to use molecular techniques for detection and drug susceptibility testing of MTBC in raw milk from cattle at a dairy farm in the Nkonkobe region of South Africa. Two hundred samples (100mL each) were collected and processed using the modified Petroff’s method. DNA was isolated using the Zymo Research bacterial DNA kit and amplified using the Seeplex® MTB Nested ACE assay. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the Genotype® MTBDRplus assay. MTBC DNA was detected in 11 (6percent) of the samples tested. Resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid was detected in 90.9percent of the positive samples. The most frequent rpoB mutations detected were H526Y (90percent), H526D (80percent), S531L (60percent) and D516V (20percent). No mutation was detected in the katG gene. All isoniazid resistant samples harboured mutations in the inhA gene. The most frequent (100percent) mutation conferring low level isoniazid resistance was the T8A substitution. The inhA mutations C15T, A16G and T8C were equally represented with 60percent frequency. A high prevalence of multi-drug resistance was noted in the Nkonkobe region. Therefore, the results of this study have clinico-veterinary and epidemiological significance and calls for further studies and necessary actions to delineate the situation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Silaigwana, Blessing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-1607
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Tuberculosis -- Pathogenesis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24239 , vital:62543
- Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms are the causative agents of tuberculosis in humans as well as animals. The study aimed to use molecular techniques for detection and drug susceptibility testing of MTBC in raw milk from cattle at a dairy farm in the Nkonkobe region of South Africa. Two hundred samples (100mL each) were collected and processed using the modified Petroff’s method. DNA was isolated using the Zymo Research bacterial DNA kit and amplified using the Seeplex® MTB Nested ACE assay. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the Genotype® MTBDRplus assay. MTBC DNA was detected in 11 (6percent) of the samples tested. Resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid was detected in 90.9percent of the positive samples. The most frequent rpoB mutations detected were H526Y (90percent), H526D (80percent), S531L (60percent) and D516V (20percent). No mutation was detected in the katG gene. All isoniazid resistant samples harboured mutations in the inhA gene. The most frequent (100percent) mutation conferring low level isoniazid resistance was the T8A substitution. The inhA mutations C15T, A16G and T8C were equally represented with 60percent frequency. A high prevalence of multi-drug resistance was noted in the Nkonkobe region. Therefore, the results of this study have clinico-veterinary and epidemiological significance and calls for further studies and necessary actions to delineate the situation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012