An evaluation of macroinvertebrate-based biomonitoring and ecotoxicological assessments of deteriorating environmental water quality in the Swartkops River, South Africa
- Authors: Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Water -- Pollution -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Water quality biological assessment -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Environmental toxicology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Environmental monitoring -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Aquatic invertebrates -- Effect of water pollution on -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Chironomidae -- Effect of water pollution on -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Freshwater ecology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:6046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013156
- Description: Freshwater resources are increasingly subject to pollution because of escalating human population growth, accompanied by urbanisation, industrialisation, and the increased demand for food. Consequently, freshwater quality, and aquatic ecosystem structure and function have been severely impaired. The Swartkops River, which drains an urbanised and industrialised catchment in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, is no exception. An integrated environmental water quality (EWQ) approach is needed to measure the impacts of deteriorating water quality on its aquatic ecosystem structure and function to sustain these vital ecosystem-attributes. In this study, an integrated EWQ approach, which included i) analysis of water physico-chemical variables; ii) macroinvertebrate-based family-level taxonomic- and traits-based community analysis; iii) Chironomidae species-level taxonomic- and traits-based community analysis; iv) Chironomidae deformity-based sub-lethal analysis; and v) experimental investigation of long-term wastewater effluent effects, using model stream ecosystems, were applied to investigate environmental water quality in the Swartkops River. One upstream reference site and three downstream sites in the Swartkops River were monitored over a period of three years (August 2009 – September 2012). The family-level taxonomic community responses based on the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5) and a newly developed Swartkops multimetric index indicated very poor river health conditions for the three downstream sites, compared with the good condition of the upstream site. The Chironomidae species-level responses in the three downstream sites provided evidence of differences in biotic impairments, which were not evident with the family-level taxonomic data at these sites, thus highlighting the importance of species identification in freshwater biomonitoring. The family-level traits-based approach (TBA) showed that macroinvertebrates with gills and lungs were more abundant at the upstream site, decreasing markedly at the downstream sites. The relative abundance of macroinvertebrates relying on aerial and tegument respiration increased at the downstream sites compared with the upstream sites. The results of the family-level TBA highlighted the inextricable link between the traits-based approach (TBA) and taxonomic identification, clearly showing that the TBA is additional to, and not an alternative to, taxonomic recognition because important traits, e.g. reproductive cannot be used at a coarse taxonomic identification. A novel chironomid species traits-based functional strategies approach developed in this study, based on species combining similar sets of traits, proved sensitive in diagnosing the main abiotic water physico-chemical stressors. The functional traits responded predictably to deteriorating water quality and provided an adaptive and mechanistic basis for interpreting chironomid species occurrences at the four sampling sites, providing insight into why certain chironomid species occurred at one site but not at the other. Chironomid deformities provided evidence of sub-lethal in-stream biological response to deteriorating water quality. A newly developed deformity-based extended toxic score index proved sensitive, enabling the discrimination of the sampling sites, indicating that a biomonitoring tool based on sub-lethal effects could be used to assess the effects of deteriorating water quality before it reached lethal levels. Empirical evidence based on the taxonomic, traits and sub-lethal responses suggested that the changes in macroinvertebrate community structure were caused chiefly by the discharge of wastewater effluents into the river. This was supported by the model-stream ecosystem results indicating significant effects of effluents on the macroinvertebrate community structure, similar to the observed in-stream responses. The model stream results indicated that improved physico-chemical effluent quality compliance after 50% effluent dilution did not significantly reduce the effects of the effluent on the macroinvertebrate communities, showing that ecologically-based methods rather than physico-chemical measures alone are necessary to assess effluent quality. Finally, the results of the multi-criteria approach were integrated to propose tools to manage environmental water quality in the Swartkops River, and the benefits of the study were highlighted in the context of biomonitoring in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Water -- Pollution -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Water quality biological assessment -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Environmental toxicology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Environmental monitoring -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Aquatic invertebrates -- Effect of water pollution on -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Chironomidae -- Effect of water pollution on -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Freshwater ecology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:6046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013156
- Description: Freshwater resources are increasingly subject to pollution because of escalating human population growth, accompanied by urbanisation, industrialisation, and the increased demand for food. Consequently, freshwater quality, and aquatic ecosystem structure and function have been severely impaired. The Swartkops River, which drains an urbanised and industrialised catchment in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, is no exception. An integrated environmental water quality (EWQ) approach is needed to measure the impacts of deteriorating water quality on its aquatic ecosystem structure and function to sustain these vital ecosystem-attributes. In this study, an integrated EWQ approach, which included i) analysis of water physico-chemical variables; ii) macroinvertebrate-based family-level taxonomic- and traits-based community analysis; iii) Chironomidae species-level taxonomic- and traits-based community analysis; iv) Chironomidae deformity-based sub-lethal analysis; and v) experimental investigation of long-term wastewater effluent effects, using model stream ecosystems, were applied to investigate environmental water quality in the Swartkops River. One upstream reference site and three downstream sites in the Swartkops River were monitored over a period of three years (August 2009 – September 2012). The family-level taxonomic community responses based on the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5) and a newly developed Swartkops multimetric index indicated very poor river health conditions for the three downstream sites, compared with the good condition of the upstream site. The Chironomidae species-level responses in the three downstream sites provided evidence of differences in biotic impairments, which were not evident with the family-level taxonomic data at these sites, thus highlighting the importance of species identification in freshwater biomonitoring. The family-level traits-based approach (TBA) showed that macroinvertebrates with gills and lungs were more abundant at the upstream site, decreasing markedly at the downstream sites. The relative abundance of macroinvertebrates relying on aerial and tegument respiration increased at the downstream sites compared with the upstream sites. The results of the family-level TBA highlighted the inextricable link between the traits-based approach (TBA) and taxonomic identification, clearly showing that the TBA is additional to, and not an alternative to, taxonomic recognition because important traits, e.g. reproductive cannot be used at a coarse taxonomic identification. A novel chironomid species traits-based functional strategies approach developed in this study, based on species combining similar sets of traits, proved sensitive in diagnosing the main abiotic water physico-chemical stressors. The functional traits responded predictably to deteriorating water quality and provided an adaptive and mechanistic basis for interpreting chironomid species occurrences at the four sampling sites, providing insight into why certain chironomid species occurred at one site but not at the other. Chironomid deformities provided evidence of sub-lethal in-stream biological response to deteriorating water quality. A newly developed deformity-based extended toxic score index proved sensitive, enabling the discrimination of the sampling sites, indicating that a biomonitoring tool based on sub-lethal effects could be used to assess the effects of deteriorating water quality before it reached lethal levels. Empirical evidence based on the taxonomic, traits and sub-lethal responses suggested that the changes in macroinvertebrate community structure were caused chiefly by the discharge of wastewater effluents into the river. This was supported by the model-stream ecosystem results indicating significant effects of effluents on the macroinvertebrate community structure, similar to the observed in-stream responses. The model stream results indicated that improved physico-chemical effluent quality compliance after 50% effluent dilution did not significantly reduce the effects of the effluent on the macroinvertebrate communities, showing that ecologically-based methods rather than physico-chemical measures alone are necessary to assess effluent quality. Finally, the results of the multi-criteria approach were integrated to propose tools to manage environmental water quality in the Swartkops River, and the benefits of the study were highlighted in the context of biomonitoring in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of management information systems in the Department of Social Development, province of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Ngqungqu, Siphokazi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Information resources management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8351 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020889
- Description: The alignment of information systems with organisational objectives and strategies is crucial to the efficient performance of any organisation. There is a growing focus on the effectiveness of management and evidence-based decision making in public institutions in South Africa. The Eastern Cape Department of Social Development and Special Programmes (ECDSD) implemented a Social Development Information Management System (SDIMS), which is an information system that supports various functions performed by the Department. While SDMIS provides large amounts of valuable information, it still has much ground to cover in terms of fully meeting the Department’s information needs. There is an increasing demand for information to inform decision making with regards to priority setting, resource usage, monitoring the impact of the Department’s intervention programmes, and monitoring the progress of the Department’s strategic goals. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the extent to which MIS is utilised in the Eastern Cape Department of Social Development and Special Programmes and to make recommendations for the alignment of MIS with organisational objectives in order to achieve these objectives. Furthermore, the study intends to investigate the extent to which the information needs of managers are considered in designing and providing information. The objectives of the study are, firstly, to analyse the current state of MIS utilisation in the Department. Secondly, to evaluate the utilisation of information provided by the MIS unit for decision making, and, thirdly, to make recommendations on how to improve MIS utilisation. Qualitative approach techniques were utilised to collect data for the study. Research questionnaires were distributed to thirty respondents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven interviewees out of a target number of ten. The response rate was 68 percent and this was considered as adequate for scientific analysis and reporting. The study produced the following research findings: Mainly, the MIS users believe that they understand MIS and its capabilities, and have received training on how to use the system. The quality of information provided by MIS is mostly complete and largely meets user requirements and expectations. MIS information is for the most part accurate and comprehensive enough to expedite decision-making. Although MIS largely meets user requirements and expectations in terms of completeness, accuracy and reliability, the study indicates that it still falls short in integrating information from other sources, which include government transversal systems such as the Basic Accounting System (BAS) and the Personnel Salary System (PERSAL). MIS information is mostly available and easy to access, but occasionally not timely. This is mostly caused by the unavailability of real-time information synchronisation between MIS and other government systems. In light of the above findings, the researcher recommends that: There is still more to be done in order to continuously inform and train users on the latest MIS capability developments in the form of awareness workshops, contact and remote support, and through internal news bulletins. The Department needs to work with other government entities that are custodians of transversal systems in finding a solution to the creation of real-time integration of MIS with other external sources of information. Even though the level of MIS utilisation is not too much of a concern, the Department needs to ensure that users of information are kept up to date with new MIS reporting capabilities so as not to underutilise the system. It is therefore recommended that the Department ensure that information is more often reviewed and reports are customised to meet the ever-changing needs of the Department.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Ngqungqu, Siphokazi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Information resources management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8351 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020889
- Description: The alignment of information systems with organisational objectives and strategies is crucial to the efficient performance of any organisation. There is a growing focus on the effectiveness of management and evidence-based decision making in public institutions in South Africa. The Eastern Cape Department of Social Development and Special Programmes (ECDSD) implemented a Social Development Information Management System (SDIMS), which is an information system that supports various functions performed by the Department. While SDMIS provides large amounts of valuable information, it still has much ground to cover in terms of fully meeting the Department’s information needs. There is an increasing demand for information to inform decision making with regards to priority setting, resource usage, monitoring the impact of the Department’s intervention programmes, and monitoring the progress of the Department’s strategic goals. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the extent to which MIS is utilised in the Eastern Cape Department of Social Development and Special Programmes and to make recommendations for the alignment of MIS with organisational objectives in order to achieve these objectives. Furthermore, the study intends to investigate the extent to which the information needs of managers are considered in designing and providing information. The objectives of the study are, firstly, to analyse the current state of MIS utilisation in the Department. Secondly, to evaluate the utilisation of information provided by the MIS unit for decision making, and, thirdly, to make recommendations on how to improve MIS utilisation. Qualitative approach techniques were utilised to collect data for the study. Research questionnaires were distributed to thirty respondents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven interviewees out of a target number of ten. The response rate was 68 percent and this was considered as adequate for scientific analysis and reporting. The study produced the following research findings: Mainly, the MIS users believe that they understand MIS and its capabilities, and have received training on how to use the system. The quality of information provided by MIS is mostly complete and largely meets user requirements and expectations. MIS information is for the most part accurate and comprehensive enough to expedite decision-making. Although MIS largely meets user requirements and expectations in terms of completeness, accuracy and reliability, the study indicates that it still falls short in integrating information from other sources, which include government transversal systems such as the Basic Accounting System (BAS) and the Personnel Salary System (PERSAL). MIS information is mostly available and easy to access, but occasionally not timely. This is mostly caused by the unavailability of real-time information synchronisation between MIS and other government systems. In light of the above findings, the researcher recommends that: There is still more to be done in order to continuously inform and train users on the latest MIS capability developments in the form of awareness workshops, contact and remote support, and through internal news bulletins. The Department needs to work with other government entities that are custodians of transversal systems in finding a solution to the creation of real-time integration of MIS with other external sources of information. Even though the level of MIS utilisation is not too much of a concern, the Department needs to ensure that users of information are kept up to date with new MIS reporting capabilities so as not to underutilise the system. It is therefore recommended that the Department ensure that information is more often reviewed and reports are customised to meet the ever-changing needs of the Department.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of resistance to change of the East London industrial development zone (ELIDZ) structural realignment
- Authors: Moonieya, Vernon Craig
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Organizational change -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Organizational behavior -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Organizational change -- Management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Communication in management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Industrial management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013303
- Description: From Integrative Summary: This research paper comprises of three sections that include: an evaluation report, a literature review and the research methodology. The first section assesses the management of resistance to change as encountered during the ELIDZ structural re-alignment initiative. The assessment was done after the change initiative had been implemented to see what could be learnt from the exercise, in order to be better prepared for future change programmes. The implemented change was initiated by the CEO of the ELIDZ but its criticality in terms of purpose, or the need for the change was unclear to many employees at the time of initiation. An examination of the literature on change management highlighted the importance of managing resistance to change as part of a change initiative, so as to ensure a successful transition. The review of the literature on management of resistance to change in section 2 of this paper examines the definition of management of resistance to change and in particular, covers key factors like change readiness, participation in change and change communication. These key concepts underpin effective management of resistance during change. The literature on management of resistance to change with respect to the role of change readiness, participation in change and change communication was used to develop a questionnaire that was used to assess the ELIDZ change initiative. The questionnaire was developed in a Likert Scale format with questions across the spectrum of change readiness, change participation and change communication. Section 3 of this paper describes how the quantitative research was provided to the population sample of employees from the ELIDZ where the questions on change readiness, change participation and change communication was used to assess the effectiveness of management of resistance to change during the ELIDZ change initiative. In addition section 3 provides an explanation of how the results of the research were derived. The results on change readiness suggest that the ELIDZ change initiative did not address change readiness adequately. There is therefore a risk of resistance to change that could manifest. This also indicates that change readiness must be planned more thoroughly in future change endeavours. Most of the population sampled did not feel that they participated in the change initiative, suggesting that the ELIDZ did not address participation in the change initiative adequately. Not enabling employees to actively participate in the change is tantamount to decreasing the potential for acceptance of change and increasing the risk of resistance to change. In order to ensure that future change initiatives are not met with employee resistance to change, the ELIDZ should plan for employee participation throughout the change process. The extent to which change communication was addressed in the ELIDZ change initiative was demonstrated by very poor results. The results from the population sampled suggest that the change was not well communicated to employees. As change communication is known to reduce the potential for resistance to change, it is imperative for the ELIDZ to plan for comprehensive communication strategies to cover the change process for future change action.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Moonieya, Vernon Craig
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Organizational change -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Organizational behavior -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Organizational change -- Management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Management -- Employee participation -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Communication in management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies , Industrial management -- South Africa -- East London -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:834 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013303
- Description: From Integrative Summary: This research paper comprises of three sections that include: an evaluation report, a literature review and the research methodology. The first section assesses the management of resistance to change as encountered during the ELIDZ structural re-alignment initiative. The assessment was done after the change initiative had been implemented to see what could be learnt from the exercise, in order to be better prepared for future change programmes. The implemented change was initiated by the CEO of the ELIDZ but its criticality in terms of purpose, or the need for the change was unclear to many employees at the time of initiation. An examination of the literature on change management highlighted the importance of managing resistance to change as part of a change initiative, so as to ensure a successful transition. The review of the literature on management of resistance to change in section 2 of this paper examines the definition of management of resistance to change and in particular, covers key factors like change readiness, participation in change and change communication. These key concepts underpin effective management of resistance during change. The literature on management of resistance to change with respect to the role of change readiness, participation in change and change communication was used to develop a questionnaire that was used to assess the ELIDZ change initiative. The questionnaire was developed in a Likert Scale format with questions across the spectrum of change readiness, change participation and change communication. Section 3 of this paper describes how the quantitative research was provided to the population sample of employees from the ELIDZ where the questions on change readiness, change participation and change communication was used to assess the effectiveness of management of resistance to change during the ELIDZ change initiative. In addition section 3 provides an explanation of how the results of the research were derived. The results on change readiness suggest that the ELIDZ change initiative did not address change readiness adequately. There is therefore a risk of resistance to change that could manifest. This also indicates that change readiness must be planned more thoroughly in future change endeavours. Most of the population sampled did not feel that they participated in the change initiative, suggesting that the ELIDZ did not address participation in the change initiative adequately. Not enabling employees to actively participate in the change is tantamount to decreasing the potential for acceptance of change and increasing the risk of resistance to change. In order to ensure that future change initiatives are not met with employee resistance to change, the ELIDZ should plan for employee participation throughout the change process. The extent to which change communication was addressed in the ELIDZ change initiative was demonstrated by very poor results. The results from the population sampled suggest that the change was not well communicated to employees. As change communication is known to reduce the potential for resistance to change, it is imperative for the ELIDZ to plan for comprehensive communication strategies to cover the change process for future change action.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of selected skills development programmes in the Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Gadu, Thandiswa Constance
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Career development -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Employees -- Training of -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Employee motivation -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8336 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020587
- Description: Employees joining any institution for the first time are not always performing duties/tasks to the level and standard set by the management of particular organisation. Some candidates perform to their fullest potential after they are inducted. The purpose of skills development act is to assists employers to participate in leadership and development programmes as to enhance the potential of individuals and organizations. Also to encourage employees to use the workplace as an active learning site and provide opportunities to acquire new skills. Human Resource Practitioners play a critical role in the ensuring that employees are capacitated. This study undertook to evaluate selected skills development programmes in the Amathole District Municipality. ADM is challenged in coordinating various skills development programmes due to various reasons such as budget. From the literature study and information gathered from the respondents in this research it became evident that training of employees is key to the improvement of performance. In this regard it is critical that ADM creates means that will mitigate the identified findings in order to improve the performance of personnel. Emailed questionnaires were used as a method of collecting data from the respondents. In this study a qualitative method was used to analyse the data collected from the respondents. Based on the information gathered from the respondents the researcher made findings and formulated recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Gadu, Thandiswa Constance
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Career development -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Employees -- Training of -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality , Employee motivation -- South Africa -- Amathole District Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8336 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020587
- Description: Employees joining any institution for the first time are not always performing duties/tasks to the level and standard set by the management of particular organisation. Some candidates perform to their fullest potential after they are inducted. The purpose of skills development act is to assists employers to participate in leadership and development programmes as to enhance the potential of individuals and organizations. Also to encourage employees to use the workplace as an active learning site and provide opportunities to acquire new skills. Human Resource Practitioners play a critical role in the ensuring that employees are capacitated. This study undertook to evaluate selected skills development programmes in the Amathole District Municipality. ADM is challenged in coordinating various skills development programmes due to various reasons such as budget. From the literature study and information gathered from the respondents in this research it became evident that training of employees is key to the improvement of performance. In this regard it is critical that ADM creates means that will mitigate the identified findings in order to improve the performance of personnel. Emailed questionnaires were used as a method of collecting data from the respondents. In this study a qualitative method was used to analyse the data collected from the respondents. Based on the information gathered from the respondents the researcher made findings and formulated recommendations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of the City of Johannesburg’s Igoli 2002 programme from 2003 to 2010
- Matebese, Zolani Loyiso Chukwuemeka Bantu, Musengi-Ajulu, Sandra
- Authors: Matebese, Zolani Loyiso Chukwuemeka Bantu , Musengi-Ajulu, Sandra
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Local government -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Expenditures, Public -- South Africa -- Johannesburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:828 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012949
- Description: Integrative Summary: Municipalities are the third level of government and are responsible for delivery of basic services to citizens. They carry the developmental mandate of government and are often the first point of interaction between government and citizens. Being at the front line of service delivery, the issue of fiscal stability of municipalities and their ability to deliver sustainable services is of grave importance (Carter & Ajam 2003). Unfortunately in a South African context most municipalities are not fiscally sustainable (Roos & Stander 2005). In a study of 142 South African municipalities, it was found that poor collection of outstanding debt and irregular or wasteful expenditure were the biggest causes of fiscal stress (Roos & Stander 2005). In fact, in 2004 the difficulties appear to have reached crisis level (Lubbe & Roussouw 2005). The fiscal situation within municipalities was so bad that the South African Local Government Authority (SALGA) implemented a unit specifically to assist municipalities that were at “crisis point” (Roos & Stander, 2005 p. 165). This research report focuses on the evaluation of Igoli 2002 which was a response to fiscal crisis within the City of Johannesburg metropolitan municipality when in 1997 the City of Johannesburg was declared insolvent. The research evaluated the long term sustainability of the Igoli 2002 programme to determine its success in addressing the issues of fiscal stress and crisis facing the municipality. The research also attempted to assess the applicability of international indicators of fiscal stress and crisis to the City of Johannesburg. The research evaluated the Igoli 2002 programme via a financial condition analysis, against international indicators of fiscal stress and crisis and against a logic framework detailing the goals of the programme. The research found that ultimately, the Igoli 2002 intervention implemented by the City of Johannesburg was successful in improving the fiscal position and sustainability of the City. In addition, indicators from predictive models of fiscal stress and crisis were found to be relevant to the City of Johannesburg.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Matebese, Zolani Loyiso Chukwuemeka Bantu , Musengi-Ajulu, Sandra
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Local government -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Expenditures, Public -- South Africa -- Johannesburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:828 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012949
- Description: Integrative Summary: Municipalities are the third level of government and are responsible for delivery of basic services to citizens. They carry the developmental mandate of government and are often the first point of interaction between government and citizens. Being at the front line of service delivery, the issue of fiscal stability of municipalities and their ability to deliver sustainable services is of grave importance (Carter & Ajam 2003). Unfortunately in a South African context most municipalities are not fiscally sustainable (Roos & Stander 2005). In a study of 142 South African municipalities, it was found that poor collection of outstanding debt and irregular or wasteful expenditure were the biggest causes of fiscal stress (Roos & Stander 2005). In fact, in 2004 the difficulties appear to have reached crisis level (Lubbe & Roussouw 2005). The fiscal situation within municipalities was so bad that the South African Local Government Authority (SALGA) implemented a unit specifically to assist municipalities that were at “crisis point” (Roos & Stander, 2005 p. 165). This research report focuses on the evaluation of Igoli 2002 which was a response to fiscal crisis within the City of Johannesburg metropolitan municipality when in 1997 the City of Johannesburg was declared insolvent. The research evaluated the long term sustainability of the Igoli 2002 programme to determine its success in addressing the issues of fiscal stress and crisis facing the municipality. The research also attempted to assess the applicability of international indicators of fiscal stress and crisis to the City of Johannesburg. The research evaluated the Igoli 2002 programme via a financial condition analysis, against international indicators of fiscal stress and crisis and against a logic framework detailing the goals of the programme. The research found that ultimately, the Igoli 2002 intervention implemented by the City of Johannesburg was successful in improving the fiscal position and sustainability of the City. In addition, indicators from predictive models of fiscal stress and crisis were found to be relevant to the City of Johannesburg.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of the delivery of the Eskom Customer Safety Education Programme in the Queenstown Customer Services Area.
- Authors: Mtyalela, Kanyisa Highly
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Customer relations -- Management , Safety education -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Safety education -- Evaluation , Safety consultants -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Public safety -- South Africa -- Queenstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:839 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013569
- Description: The aim of this research is to evaluate the Eskom customer safety education programme in the Queenstown Customer Services Area. The research focuses on the implementation of the programme with the aim of assessing whether there is need for optimisation in the way that the customer education and training is delivered. The paper consists of three sections. Section one is directed to Eskom and is made up of (i) a review of the literature that is relevant to the Eskom safety education programme, (ii) the findings made from the study and (iii) recommendations from the author. Section two is a review of the key concepts which were identified for this paper and these are: (i) education and training, (ii) consumer education, (iii) citizenship education, (iv) training programme development, and (v) training programme evaluation. Section three provides detail on and justifies the research methodology that was followed for this paper. The author adopted the deductive approach and collected data from literature sources and Eskom documents as well as face-to-face interviews with the Eskom trainers and customers. Qualitative data was collected from the interviews and is presented in section one of the report in the form of (i) narratives, (ii) graphs and (iii) tables. The research has identified some shortcomings in the delivery of the training and recommendations have been made on how these shortcomings can be addressed. Trainer skills, training evaluation and training tools are amongst the issues that require attention in the Queenstown Customer Services Area. The results revealed that 67 percent of the trainers have not received training related to conducting customer forums. Inconsistencies with regard to the evaluation of the training interventions were also identified and there were differences in terms of the training tools that are utilised at the forums. The recommendations made by the author are based on the literature that was reviewed as part of this study and are aimed at addressing the delivery of the training. The respondents all displayed an understanding of the objectives of the Eskom safety education programme and made recommendations in terms of how Eskom can reduce the tampering of Eskom equipment. The recommendations made included the involvement of the community as well as unannounced door-to-door audits aimed at identifying damaged and tampered Eskom equipment. These recommendations are in line with the guiding principles of safety education presented in McWhirter (2008: 32) which include the involvement of young people in real decisions to help them stay safe, as well as the use of active approaches in addressing safety issues. A review of the electrical contact incidents which were reported to Eskom in 2011/12 revealed that in 61,5 percent of the cases that occurred in the Eastern Cape, Eskom had conducted electricity safety education before the incidents occurred. The recommendations in terms of the training delivery should be implemented to improve the delivery of the training. The author however recommends further research on how Eskom can reduce the number of electrical contact incidents that occur, as it has been proven through previous studies that safety education “has an impact on knowledge, behaviour, risk and skills and no papers have provided evidence of the impact of safety education on injury rates” (Mulvaney, Watson and Errington, 2012: 27).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mtyalela, Kanyisa Highly
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Customer relations -- Management , Safety education -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Safety education -- Evaluation , Safety consultants -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Public safety -- South Africa -- Queenstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:839 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013569
- Description: The aim of this research is to evaluate the Eskom customer safety education programme in the Queenstown Customer Services Area. The research focuses on the implementation of the programme with the aim of assessing whether there is need for optimisation in the way that the customer education and training is delivered. The paper consists of three sections. Section one is directed to Eskom and is made up of (i) a review of the literature that is relevant to the Eskom safety education programme, (ii) the findings made from the study and (iii) recommendations from the author. Section two is a review of the key concepts which were identified for this paper and these are: (i) education and training, (ii) consumer education, (iii) citizenship education, (iv) training programme development, and (v) training programme evaluation. Section three provides detail on and justifies the research methodology that was followed for this paper. The author adopted the deductive approach and collected data from literature sources and Eskom documents as well as face-to-face interviews with the Eskom trainers and customers. Qualitative data was collected from the interviews and is presented in section one of the report in the form of (i) narratives, (ii) graphs and (iii) tables. The research has identified some shortcomings in the delivery of the training and recommendations have been made on how these shortcomings can be addressed. Trainer skills, training evaluation and training tools are amongst the issues that require attention in the Queenstown Customer Services Area. The results revealed that 67 percent of the trainers have not received training related to conducting customer forums. Inconsistencies with regard to the evaluation of the training interventions were also identified and there were differences in terms of the training tools that are utilised at the forums. The recommendations made by the author are based on the literature that was reviewed as part of this study and are aimed at addressing the delivery of the training. The respondents all displayed an understanding of the objectives of the Eskom safety education programme and made recommendations in terms of how Eskom can reduce the tampering of Eskom equipment. The recommendations made included the involvement of the community as well as unannounced door-to-door audits aimed at identifying damaged and tampered Eskom equipment. These recommendations are in line with the guiding principles of safety education presented in McWhirter (2008: 32) which include the involvement of young people in real decisions to help them stay safe, as well as the use of active approaches in addressing safety issues. A review of the electrical contact incidents which were reported to Eskom in 2011/12 revealed that in 61,5 percent of the cases that occurred in the Eastern Cape, Eskom had conducted electricity safety education before the incidents occurred. The recommendations in terms of the training delivery should be implemented to improve the delivery of the training. The author however recommends further research on how Eskom can reduce the number of electrical contact incidents that occur, as it has been proven through previous studies that safety education “has an impact on knowledge, behaviour, risk and skills and no papers have provided evidence of the impact of safety education on injury rates” (Mulvaney, Watson and Errington, 2012: 27).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of the effects of land tenure security in on-farm investment and on-farm productivity: a case of the smallholder farmers in the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Zwelendaba, Vincent Vusumzi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11230 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021282 , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Smallholder agriculture contributes to poverty alleviation through food price reduction and employment creation. Smallholder farmers have the potential of creating employment because they are labour-intensive. Most small holder farmers in the Amathole District practices dual farming system i.e. crops and livestock production. However these farmers are faced by a number of constraints amongst these are land tenure security, lack of capital, drought, diseases, lack of access to markets and production inputs. The objectives of this study were: to investigate land tenure security impact on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers; to assess constraints encountered by the smallholder farmers, to identify factors influencing on-farm investment by the smallholder farmers and to identify factors influencing on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Eighty smallholder farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages) and regression analyses. Data was for coded and processed for analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that generally, the household demographic characteristics have an influence on the decision to investment in the farm thus on farm productivity. These included age, gender, marital status, educational level and household size of the smallholder farmers. However the findings revealed that smallholder farmers were not much concerned with the land tenure security of the land as they see themselves as owners of these lands. The reason being that they always had access to their land and there were no perceived tenure insecurity threats. The majority of the smallholder farmers were not worried that they might lose their land in the future as they felt that their land tenure was secured. Although, the majority of farmers had some sense of security they still preferred a freehold tenure system as form of land tenure security. This suggests that there was a sense of insecurity among some of the smallholder farmers caused by their current tenure forms. Majority (66%) of the farmers held their land under freehold whilst leasehold and communal hold farmers constituted 5 % and 29 % respectively. Even though majority had freehold tenure system, they could not use their land as collateral when required for funding from the lending institutions because the title deeds were not registered in their names but those of deceased family members. As a result the majority was constrained by lack of credit and had low income. Lack of cash suggests that the farmers have difficulties in purchasing farm of the survey suggest that the household demographics and socio-economic variables may have an influence on the on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Furthermore, besides the challenges with land tenure, there are other factors that are likely to influence on-farm investment and on-farm productivity. The results of the survey revealed that smallholder farmers were faced with lot of challenges. These included lack of access to markets, grazing land, credit, farm implements, productions inputs and irrigation water. In addition to this the smallholder farmers were faced with both crops and livestock production constraints. Crop production constraints included lack of access to labour, transport, capital, storage facilities, pests, diseases, lack of management skills and severe drought. Livestock production was constrained by diseases, theft, attack by wild animals, lack of fence in the camps, labour, vaccines, dipping facilities too far and severe drought. For both crop and livestock production diseases and drought were major concerns for smallholder farmers since they were dependent on rainfall for their farming activities. With regards to improvements and investment there was little or not much investment that has been made by the smallholder farmers. One of the reasons mentioned by the farmers as the main cause for little or no investments is the lack of capital to make such improvements or investments. The study also employed empirical analysis through employing on-farm investment and on-farm productivity models of the study on the factors influencing the on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers in the study area. In both models, the independent variables were tested for their significance and it was found that some variables were significant whilst others were not. With regards to the dependent variable on-farm investment, household socio-economic factors such as household size, educational levels and farm size, had a positive influence in on-farm investment and were also statistically significant. On the other side, factors such as land tenure security, age, gender, household income and access to markets did not have any influence and were not statistically significant. From the perspective of on-farm productivity variables such as farm size, access to credit and access to extension services had a positive influence. However, variables such as land tenure security, age, household income, educational levels, access to implements, were negatively influencing onfarm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Key words: Land tenure security, smallholder farmers, on-farm investment & on-farm productivity
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Zwelendaba, Vincent Vusumzi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11230 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021282 , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Smallholder agriculture contributes to poverty alleviation through food price reduction and employment creation. Smallholder farmers have the potential of creating employment because they are labour-intensive. Most small holder farmers in the Amathole District practices dual farming system i.e. crops and livestock production. However these farmers are faced by a number of constraints amongst these are land tenure security, lack of capital, drought, diseases, lack of access to markets and production inputs. The objectives of this study were: to investigate land tenure security impact on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers; to assess constraints encountered by the smallholder farmers, to identify factors influencing on-farm investment by the smallholder farmers and to identify factors influencing on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Eighty smallholder farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages) and regression analyses. Data was for coded and processed for analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that generally, the household demographic characteristics have an influence on the decision to investment in the farm thus on farm productivity. These included age, gender, marital status, educational level and household size of the smallholder farmers. However the findings revealed that smallholder farmers were not much concerned with the land tenure security of the land as they see themselves as owners of these lands. The reason being that they always had access to their land and there were no perceived tenure insecurity threats. The majority of the smallholder farmers were not worried that they might lose their land in the future as they felt that their land tenure was secured. Although, the majority of farmers had some sense of security they still preferred a freehold tenure system as form of land tenure security. This suggests that there was a sense of insecurity among some of the smallholder farmers caused by their current tenure forms. Majority (66%) of the farmers held their land under freehold whilst leasehold and communal hold farmers constituted 5 % and 29 % respectively. Even though majority had freehold tenure system, they could not use their land as collateral when required for funding from the lending institutions because the title deeds were not registered in their names but those of deceased family members. As a result the majority was constrained by lack of credit and had low income. Lack of cash suggests that the farmers have difficulties in purchasing farm of the survey suggest that the household demographics and socio-economic variables may have an influence on the on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Furthermore, besides the challenges with land tenure, there are other factors that are likely to influence on-farm investment and on-farm productivity. The results of the survey revealed that smallholder farmers were faced with lot of challenges. These included lack of access to markets, grazing land, credit, farm implements, productions inputs and irrigation water. In addition to this the smallholder farmers were faced with both crops and livestock production constraints. Crop production constraints included lack of access to labour, transport, capital, storage facilities, pests, diseases, lack of management skills and severe drought. Livestock production was constrained by diseases, theft, attack by wild animals, lack of fence in the camps, labour, vaccines, dipping facilities too far and severe drought. For both crop and livestock production diseases and drought were major concerns for smallholder farmers since they were dependent on rainfall for their farming activities. With regards to improvements and investment there was little or not much investment that has been made by the smallholder farmers. One of the reasons mentioned by the farmers as the main cause for little or no investments is the lack of capital to make such improvements or investments. The study also employed empirical analysis through employing on-farm investment and on-farm productivity models of the study on the factors influencing the on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers in the study area. In both models, the independent variables were tested for their significance and it was found that some variables were significant whilst others were not. With regards to the dependent variable on-farm investment, household socio-economic factors such as household size, educational levels and farm size, had a positive influence in on-farm investment and were also statistically significant. On the other side, factors such as land tenure security, age, gender, household income and access to markets did not have any influence and were not statistically significant. From the perspective of on-farm productivity variables such as farm size, access to credit and access to extension services had a positive influence. However, variables such as land tenure security, age, household income, educational levels, access to implements, were negatively influencing onfarm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Key words: Land tenure security, smallholder farmers, on-farm investment & on-farm productivity
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of the quality of customer service provided to large power users by Eskom in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Caza, Akhona Nobusi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) -- Evaluation , Customer services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Customer services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Quality control , SERVQUAL (Service quality framework) , Gap analysis (Planning)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:862 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020610
- Description: The aim of this research is to evaluate the level of service quality provided by Eskom to its Large Power User (LPU) customer segment in the Eastern Cape. The research uses the SERVQUAL model in order to assess the customers’ expectations and perceptions of the service provided by Eskom. This evaluation report comprises three sections. Section one consists of (a) a review of service quality literature that exists and is applied to Eskom where relevant, (b) a summary of the method used to conduct the research, (c) the research findings, and (d) a discussion of the research findings and recommendations. Section two consists of a review of the key concepts identified for this study as follows: (a) defining customer service quality by looking at the concepts of the customer, service, quality and the dimensions of quality, (b) the importance of service quality, (c) the components of service quality in Eskom, (d) models of service quality, and (e) the SERVQUAL model used in this study. Section three consists of the detail of the research methodology used to conduct this study. The Gap Model of Service Quality (Parasuraman et al., 1985:44) is evaluated in order to understand the gaps between expected and perceived service. The provider gap (Zeithaml et al., 2006: 34) is also reviewed in order to identify the gaps that occur within the organisation. An extensive review of customer service quality models is undertaken before a discussion of the SERVQUAL model, which was used in this evaluation study, is provided. The researcher adopted the critical realism research paradigm and quantitative data was collected from a sample of 120 Eskom customers within the LPU customer segment in the Eastern Cape. These customers were randomly selected from the Eskom Customer Care and Billing database and comprised customers from Port Elizabeth, Aliwal North, Mthatha and East London Areas within the Eastern Cape. The data was collected online through a questionnaire which was based on SERVQUAL and modified for electricity services. The quantitative data obtained from the study is presented in the form of tables and graphs created from the data obtained from the 45 customers who responded to the questionnaire. The gaps between LPU customer perceptions and expectations were calculated for the five SERVQUAL dimensions. The research identifies the existing gaps in the service delivered by Eskom; this is based on the perceptions and expectations of the LPU customers in the Eastern Cape, who participated in the study. The results reveal that gaps exist between LPU customer perceptions and their expectations of the service provided by Eskom in the Eastern Cape. The key findings reveal that the largest gaps are within the reliability and empathy dimensions and the smallest gap is in the tangibles dimension. The recommendations were made on the basis of the gaps which were identified and these focus on the training of the front line staff responsible for servicing customers. It is recommended that this training should include an overview of the organisation’s policies and procedures to enable employees to respond adequately to customer queries. Recommendation is also made on training staff to interact with customers effectively in order to resolve customer queries satisfactorily. Finally, it is recommended that regular assessments of the existing customer service quality levels are conducted in order for the organisation to remain aware of the current customer perceptions and expectations
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Caza, Akhona Nobusi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) -- Evaluation , Customer services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Customer services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Quality control , SERVQUAL (Service quality framework) , Gap analysis (Planning)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:862 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020610
- Description: The aim of this research is to evaluate the level of service quality provided by Eskom to its Large Power User (LPU) customer segment in the Eastern Cape. The research uses the SERVQUAL model in order to assess the customers’ expectations and perceptions of the service provided by Eskom. This evaluation report comprises three sections. Section one consists of (a) a review of service quality literature that exists and is applied to Eskom where relevant, (b) a summary of the method used to conduct the research, (c) the research findings, and (d) a discussion of the research findings and recommendations. Section two consists of a review of the key concepts identified for this study as follows: (a) defining customer service quality by looking at the concepts of the customer, service, quality and the dimensions of quality, (b) the importance of service quality, (c) the components of service quality in Eskom, (d) models of service quality, and (e) the SERVQUAL model used in this study. Section three consists of the detail of the research methodology used to conduct this study. The Gap Model of Service Quality (Parasuraman et al., 1985:44) is evaluated in order to understand the gaps between expected and perceived service. The provider gap (Zeithaml et al., 2006: 34) is also reviewed in order to identify the gaps that occur within the organisation. An extensive review of customer service quality models is undertaken before a discussion of the SERVQUAL model, which was used in this evaluation study, is provided. The researcher adopted the critical realism research paradigm and quantitative data was collected from a sample of 120 Eskom customers within the LPU customer segment in the Eastern Cape. These customers were randomly selected from the Eskom Customer Care and Billing database and comprised customers from Port Elizabeth, Aliwal North, Mthatha and East London Areas within the Eastern Cape. The data was collected online through a questionnaire which was based on SERVQUAL and modified for electricity services. The quantitative data obtained from the study is presented in the form of tables and graphs created from the data obtained from the 45 customers who responded to the questionnaire. The gaps between LPU customer perceptions and expectations were calculated for the five SERVQUAL dimensions. The research identifies the existing gaps in the service delivered by Eskom; this is based on the perceptions and expectations of the LPU customers in the Eastern Cape, who participated in the study. The results reveal that gaps exist between LPU customer perceptions and their expectations of the service provided by Eskom in the Eastern Cape. The key findings reveal that the largest gaps are within the reliability and empathy dimensions and the smallest gap is in the tangibles dimension. The recommendations were made on the basis of the gaps which were identified and these focus on the training of the front line staff responsible for servicing customers. It is recommended that this training should include an overview of the organisation’s policies and procedures to enable employees to respond adequately to customer queries. Recommendation is also made on training staff to interact with customers effectively in order to resolve customer queries satisfactorily. Finally, it is recommended that regular assessments of the existing customer service quality levels are conducted in order for the organisation to remain aware of the current customer perceptions and expectations
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of the role of child and youth care centres in the implementation of South Africa’s children’s act
- Authors: Agere, Leonard Munyaradzi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: South Africa. Children's Act, 2005 , Children's rights -- South Africa , Child care services -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M SW
- Identifier: vital:11770 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015406 , South Africa. Children's Act, 2005 , Children's rights -- South Africa , Child care services -- South Africa
- Description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role played by CYCCs to provide support and protection to children who have been found to be in need of care, according to the criteria given in the Children’s Act No. 38/2005 as amended. The study made use of a qualitative approach and the research design was provided by the case study. Data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The most important findings to emerge from the study were that the factors which affect the operation of CYCCs are either institutional, or else challenges arising from issues pertaining to infrastructure and human resources. However, it was also acknowledged that, despite the challenges which affect their ability to provide their services to young people, the CYCCs had also made progressive steps to halt the suppression of the fundamental rights of children. It has been recommended that the government should apply comprehensive funding to the objectives of the Children’s Act, which would entail increasing the subsidies to CYCCs. It has also been recommended that the Policy on Financial Rewards should call for the same benefits and salary scales to apply for professional staff working in the government and to those working in the CYCCs. The repercussions from failing to adjust to these recommendations will inevitably lead to the employment of a remedial model of care.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Agere, Leonard Munyaradzi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: South Africa. Children's Act, 2005 , Children's rights -- South Africa , Child care services -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M SW
- Identifier: vital:11770 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015406 , South Africa. Children's Act, 2005 , Children's rights -- South Africa , Child care services -- South Africa
- Description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role played by CYCCs to provide support and protection to children who have been found to be in need of care, according to the criteria given in the Children’s Act No. 38/2005 as amended. The study made use of a qualitative approach and the research design was provided by the case study. Data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The most important findings to emerge from the study were that the factors which affect the operation of CYCCs are either institutional, or else challenges arising from issues pertaining to infrastructure and human resources. However, it was also acknowledged that, despite the challenges which affect their ability to provide their services to young people, the CYCCs had also made progressive steps to halt the suppression of the fundamental rights of children. It has been recommended that the government should apply comprehensive funding to the objectives of the Children’s Act, which would entail increasing the subsidies to CYCCs. It has also been recommended that the Policy on Financial Rewards should call for the same benefits and salary scales to apply for professional staff working in the government and to those working in the CYCCs. The repercussions from failing to adjust to these recommendations will inevitably lead to the employment of a remedial model of care.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of the use of Management-By-Objectives (MBO) as a strategic performance improvement measure in the Intsikayethu local municipality
- Authors: Mahlati, Ntombizodwa
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11738 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018505
- Description: This study examines how the concept of Management-By-Objectives (MBO) can be used by the management of Intsika Yethu Local Municipality to improve the extent to which such prescribed strategic objectives can be easily achieved. It was anticipated that through this exercise, the study would be able to emerge with the measures which could be suggested for enhancing the integration of MBO as one of the performance improvement measures used by the management of Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. In a bid to accomplish this, the entire research process was directed towards the achievement of secondary research objectives that involve; examining the kinds of features that imply that MBO is used as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, assessing the kinds of steps that used in the application of MBO as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, examining the effects of the application of MBO on the performance of the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, analysing the factors limiting the successful application of MBO as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, evaluating the kinds of strategies that are used for achieving successful application of MBO as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, and determining the measures that can be recommended for improving the successful application of MBO as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. The interviews with the sample participants that comprised of senior and middle managers as well as ordinary employees of Intsika Yethu Local Municipality revealed that although there is some attempt to use management- by- objectives as a strategic performance improvement measure, its current approach do not meet the kinds of features that the literature indicates to define the kinds of an effective MBO. The study highlighted that the essential features for management- by- objectives include; superior-subordinate participation, joint goal-setting, joint decision on methodology, make way to attain maximum result, and constant and genuine support from superiors. However, it was noted that most of the identified themes indicate that most of the essential features that imply that the managers at the Intsika Yethu Local municipality are effectively using MBO are lacking. In terms of the MBO steps that include; Step 1; Goal setting, Step 2; Manager-Subordinate involvement, Step 3; Matching goals and resources, Step 4; Implementation of plan, and Step 5; Review and appraisal of performance, the study reveals that the accomplishment of MBO in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality is more random and defies the following of such logical steps. Although the study indicates that there are shortfalls in the features and steps that are used in the application of management- by- objectives in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, it was noted that the little applications of some aspects of MBO has usually impacted positively. On that basis, the study concluded that the strategies that can be adopted to improve the application of MBO as a strategic performance improvement measure in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality include; the application of the appropriate motivational strategies, increasing goal congruence to ensure that the main strategic objectives and goals are aligned with the departmental and individual goals and objectives, increasing investments and training of the employees and managers in order to highlight the importance, processes and techniques that are required in management- by- objectives, and improve employee empowerment and communication. It is pointed out in this research document that the suggested area for further studies would be; “The effects of employee empowerment on management- by- objectives in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality.”
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mahlati, Ntombizodwa
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11738 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018505
- Description: This study examines how the concept of Management-By-Objectives (MBO) can be used by the management of Intsika Yethu Local Municipality to improve the extent to which such prescribed strategic objectives can be easily achieved. It was anticipated that through this exercise, the study would be able to emerge with the measures which could be suggested for enhancing the integration of MBO as one of the performance improvement measures used by the management of Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. In a bid to accomplish this, the entire research process was directed towards the achievement of secondary research objectives that involve; examining the kinds of features that imply that MBO is used as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, assessing the kinds of steps that used in the application of MBO as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, examining the effects of the application of MBO on the performance of the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, analysing the factors limiting the successful application of MBO as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, evaluating the kinds of strategies that are used for achieving successful application of MBO as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, and determining the measures that can be recommended for improving the successful application of MBO as a performance improvement measure by the managers in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. The interviews with the sample participants that comprised of senior and middle managers as well as ordinary employees of Intsika Yethu Local Municipality revealed that although there is some attempt to use management- by- objectives as a strategic performance improvement measure, its current approach do not meet the kinds of features that the literature indicates to define the kinds of an effective MBO. The study highlighted that the essential features for management- by- objectives include; superior-subordinate participation, joint goal-setting, joint decision on methodology, make way to attain maximum result, and constant and genuine support from superiors. However, it was noted that most of the identified themes indicate that most of the essential features that imply that the managers at the Intsika Yethu Local municipality are effectively using MBO are lacking. In terms of the MBO steps that include; Step 1; Goal setting, Step 2; Manager-Subordinate involvement, Step 3; Matching goals and resources, Step 4; Implementation of plan, and Step 5; Review and appraisal of performance, the study reveals that the accomplishment of MBO in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality is more random and defies the following of such logical steps. Although the study indicates that there are shortfalls in the features and steps that are used in the application of management- by- objectives in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality, it was noted that the little applications of some aspects of MBO has usually impacted positively. On that basis, the study concluded that the strategies that can be adopted to improve the application of MBO as a strategic performance improvement measure in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality include; the application of the appropriate motivational strategies, increasing goal congruence to ensure that the main strategic objectives and goals are aligned with the departmental and individual goals and objectives, increasing investments and training of the employees and managers in order to highlight the importance, processes and techniques that are required in management- by- objectives, and improve employee empowerment and communication. It is pointed out in this research document that the suggested area for further studies would be; “The effects of employee empowerment on management- by- objectives in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality.”
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation of the ward committee system as a mechanism for enhancing service delivery in the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality : a case study of Du Noon, ward 104
- Authors: Jikeka, Sisa
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Public administration -- South Africa -- Cape Town , Citizens' associations -- South Africa -- Cape Town , Government accountability -- South Africa -- Cape Town
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8341 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020636
- Description: Since the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, which identified the three spheres of government as distinctive, interrelated and interdependent, the local government sphere has been perceived in many parts of the country to be failing to fulfil its mandate of delivering essential basic services to local communities. The mandate of the South African local sphere of government has been to provide a developmental and accountable local government and to ensure provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. As a key developmental agent, local government is obliged by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 to develop a culture of municipal governance that encourage and create conditions for the local community to participate in the affairs of the municipality. In this regard, ward committees have been introduced to municipalities as community structures to play a critical role in linking and informing the municipalities about the needs, aspirations and challenges of their communities. In adherence to national legislation, such as the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act 117 (Act117 of 1998) and the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality established advisory structures in the form of ward committees throughout its area of jurisdiction to advise the municipal council on any matter within the council’s competence. As a representative structure of the community the ward committee is expected to serve as a link between the council and the community and for this purpose articulates community needs and aspirations to better the living standards of the community. Despite the stated objectives of ward committees, the Du Noon area has been identified by City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality IDP: 2012-2017 as the ward with backlogs in infrastructure and service delivery. This study evaluates the extent at which the Du Noon ward committee (Ward 104) is enhancing service delivery in its area of jurisdiction. A sequential use of mixed methods was preferred, since quantitative and qualitative research methods were found to be complementary rather than opposed approaches. Using both obtrusive and unobtrusive collection procedures, the methods employed proofed practically useful. To this end, the study sought to examine extent at which the Du Noon ward committee is enhancing service delivery in its area of jurisdiction. The study further attempted to suggest practical techniques of bringing a resolve to the challenges faced by the ward committee in as far as providing effective and efficient service delivery to the community without fail.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Jikeka, Sisa
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Public administration -- South Africa -- Cape Town , Citizens' associations -- South Africa -- Cape Town , Government accountability -- South Africa -- Cape Town
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8341 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020636
- Description: Since the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, which identified the three spheres of government as distinctive, interrelated and interdependent, the local government sphere has been perceived in many parts of the country to be failing to fulfil its mandate of delivering essential basic services to local communities. The mandate of the South African local sphere of government has been to provide a developmental and accountable local government and to ensure provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. As a key developmental agent, local government is obliged by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 to develop a culture of municipal governance that encourage and create conditions for the local community to participate in the affairs of the municipality. In this regard, ward committees have been introduced to municipalities as community structures to play a critical role in linking and informing the municipalities about the needs, aspirations and challenges of their communities. In adherence to national legislation, such as the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act 117 (Act117 of 1998) and the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality established advisory structures in the form of ward committees throughout its area of jurisdiction to advise the municipal council on any matter within the council’s competence. As a representative structure of the community the ward committee is expected to serve as a link between the council and the community and for this purpose articulates community needs and aspirations to better the living standards of the community. Despite the stated objectives of ward committees, the Du Noon area has been identified by City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality IDP: 2012-2017 as the ward with backlogs in infrastructure and service delivery. This study evaluates the extent at which the Du Noon ward committee (Ward 104) is enhancing service delivery in its area of jurisdiction. A sequential use of mixed methods was preferred, since quantitative and qualitative research methods were found to be complementary rather than opposed approaches. Using both obtrusive and unobtrusive collection procedures, the methods employed proofed practically useful. To this end, the study sought to examine extent at which the Du Noon ward committee is enhancing service delivery in its area of jurisdiction. The study further attempted to suggest practical techniques of bringing a resolve to the challenges faced by the ward committee in as far as providing effective and efficient service delivery to the community without fail.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation on the impact of Forte FM's HIV/AIDS campaign programmes on listeners: a case study of Golf Course and Ntselamanzi residents, Alice
- Authors: Jeke, Christopher
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) in mass media , Mass media in health education--South Africa , Health promotion--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Communication
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17417 , vital:40966
- Description: HIV/AIDS has rapidly spread globally since its inception more than three decades ago and almost every sort of communication media have been utilised to disseminate information helpful to reduce its spread. This research is based on a case study of Forte FM’s HIV/AIDS campaign programmes in the reduction of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Golf Course and Ntselamanzi areas in Alice, Eastern Cape. To explore and evaluate the effectiveness of Forte FM’s HIV/AIDS programmes, the researcher employed a descriptive qualitative research paradigm whereby convenience and purposive non-probability sampling methods were used to draw samples of participants for focus groups and in-depth interviews. Bearing in mind the total population of Golf Course and Ntselamanzi residential areas, the researcher perceived it applicable to establish two focus groups in each area consisting of at least eight participants in each focus group, making a total of four focus groups for both areas. Additionally, the radio programmes manager was also interviewed for her views. The collected data were analysed thematically to infer the meaning and present the findings. The findings revealed that the station disseminates influential information towards socio-behavioural change in the reduction of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Golf Course and Ntselamanzi. The research participants expressed that the station’s programmes on HIV/AIDS awareness are easily understood and influence their behaviour as they enlighten and educate them about the dangers of HIV/AIDS and how to reduce its spread. Another critical finding of this study as highlighted by the participants is the use of local language in these programmes which listeners view as a contributing element towards the reduction of the spread of this epidemic disease. The findings also showed that the station’s radio programmes have been effective for the fact that the station depends more on two-way participatory communication whereby listeners are involved and participate in the development and running of these programmes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Jeke, Christopher
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) in mass media , Mass media in health education--South Africa , Health promotion--South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Communication
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17417 , vital:40966
- Description: HIV/AIDS has rapidly spread globally since its inception more than three decades ago and almost every sort of communication media have been utilised to disseminate information helpful to reduce its spread. This research is based on a case study of Forte FM’s HIV/AIDS campaign programmes in the reduction of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Golf Course and Ntselamanzi areas in Alice, Eastern Cape. To explore and evaluate the effectiveness of Forte FM’s HIV/AIDS programmes, the researcher employed a descriptive qualitative research paradigm whereby convenience and purposive non-probability sampling methods were used to draw samples of participants for focus groups and in-depth interviews. Bearing in mind the total population of Golf Course and Ntselamanzi residential areas, the researcher perceived it applicable to establish two focus groups in each area consisting of at least eight participants in each focus group, making a total of four focus groups for both areas. Additionally, the radio programmes manager was also interviewed for her views. The collected data were analysed thematically to infer the meaning and present the findings. The findings revealed that the station disseminates influential information towards socio-behavioural change in the reduction of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Golf Course and Ntselamanzi. The research participants expressed that the station’s programmes on HIV/AIDS awareness are easily understood and influence their behaviour as they enlighten and educate them about the dangers of HIV/AIDS and how to reduce its spread. Another critical finding of this study as highlighted by the participants is the use of local language in these programmes which listeners view as a contributing element towards the reduction of the spread of this epidemic disease. The findings also showed that the station’s radio programmes have been effective for the fact that the station depends more on two-way participatory communication whereby listeners are involved and participate in the development and running of these programmes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An evaluation on the implementation of Batho Pele Service Delivery Policy: a case of South African Social Security Agency in Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Matiti, Sibongile
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11710 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015241
- Description: Batho Pele Principles are the most fundamental policy guide-lines of the public sector administration and service delivery. The government uses these principles in improving the service delivery outcomes. The principles are meant to transform the hearts and the minds of public servants and put the citizens at the core of operations. The study succeeded to establish the understanding and implementation of these principles at SASSA Amathole Region. This study was able to determine the level of good governance in the public sector, its transparency, efficiency, effectiveness and accountability. SASSA committed themselves to the agenda of social transformation that is embodied in the principles of Social Justice and Bill of Rights contained in the South African Constitution. The study also looked at other previous literatures that were conducted which sought to better explain the Batho Pele principles and also looked into describing different demographic characteristics and the process of grant application at SASSA. The study looked at the important aspects that the public servants have to know with regards to the understanding and implementation of the Batho Pele principles. These principles came with responsibility and one has to be alert of their vitality in the realisation of rendering a public service that is sound. These principles were measured through grant application at SASSA in Eastern Cape at Amathole District Municipality. The study determined the level of commitment SASSA has in transforming service delivery. Improving service delivery is the ultimate goal of public service transformation programme and every government’s success depends on its effectiveness and efficiency delivery of services to citizens. The study concluded with the emphasis on the need for effective implementation of Batho Pele policy by government agencies such as SASSA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Matiti, Sibongile
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11710 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015241
- Description: Batho Pele Principles are the most fundamental policy guide-lines of the public sector administration and service delivery. The government uses these principles in improving the service delivery outcomes. The principles are meant to transform the hearts and the minds of public servants and put the citizens at the core of operations. The study succeeded to establish the understanding and implementation of these principles at SASSA Amathole Region. This study was able to determine the level of good governance in the public sector, its transparency, efficiency, effectiveness and accountability. SASSA committed themselves to the agenda of social transformation that is embodied in the principles of Social Justice and Bill of Rights contained in the South African Constitution. The study also looked at other previous literatures that were conducted which sought to better explain the Batho Pele principles and also looked into describing different demographic characteristics and the process of grant application at SASSA. The study looked at the important aspects that the public servants have to know with regards to the understanding and implementation of the Batho Pele principles. These principles came with responsibility and one has to be alert of their vitality in the realisation of rendering a public service that is sound. These principles were measured through grant application at SASSA in Eastern Cape at Amathole District Municipality. The study determined the level of commitment SASSA has in transforming service delivery. Improving service delivery is the ultimate goal of public service transformation programme and every government’s success depends on its effectiveness and efficiency delivery of services to citizens. The study concluded with the emphasis on the need for effective implementation of Batho Pele policy by government agencies such as SASSA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An examination of Christian values and correlated concepts in small business practices in South Africa
- Authors: Van den Berg, Ruan
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Business -- Religious aspects , Business ethics , Capitalism -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DBA
- Identifier: vital:8919 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021094
- Description: The purpose of this research project was to establish in what way Christian entrepreneurs, in this case owner-managers of small and medium-sized enterprises, drew on their Christian faith – as an identity-creating construct – in the day-to-day running of their businesses. Religion was identified as one of the significant contributing elements that form part of individuals’ underlying values that are used to make numerous value-based decisions. Because SME owner-managers that adhere to the Christian faith constitute a fairly large segment of society in the Western World, a study of this nature can be regarded as a worthwhile undertaking that provides valuable insights related to how and to what extent this particular group of economic actors merge religious convictions with business operations. The research was set up in such a way that SME owner-managers in South Africa, who were self-proclaimed Christians and broadly defined as members of the Protestant tradition, constituted the sample participants. The methodology regarded as most suitable was a qualitative, grounded-theory approach whereby interviews were conducted along the lines of a semi-structured interview schedule. An openended exploratory strategy was adopted that allowed respondents to convey their thoughts and ideas pertaining to the research phenomenon from their personal perspectives. A number of conceptual and linguistic frames offered by the respondents – that gave language to the way they rationalised their faith in the context of managing their businesses – were recorded. A total of sixteen major themes and an additional eight sub-themes emerged from the data. The themes recorded and analysed were: faith, grace, calling, stewardship, kingdom, holiness, discipleship, discernment, love, relationship, anointing, inseparable dimensions of life, the Christian life journey, money, cultural perspectives and biblical principles, including the centrality of the Bible, integrity and honesty, sowing and reaping, humility, forgiveness, power of the tongue, importance of prayer and the centrality of Christ. The research findings revealed that a correct understanding of the Christian identity as well as a correct application thereof is crucial in successfully incorporating Christian ideals in the market. Full integration of the Christian identity plus an internalisation of God’s purposes and principles create an inner sense of direction that is less focused on external moral guidelines and codes of conduct – the phrase living from the inside out’ seems appropriately fitting to describe a group of economic actors who pursue their business careers with a sense of calling coupled with a belief that their commercial whereabouts are distinctively linked to a transcendent objective. In addition, general business administration guidelines, where the issue of religious affiliation per se is of no particular consequence, allow for the integration of the value concepts uncovered through the study by way of the corporate governance framework as contained in the King III report – particularly with reference to business practice interventions related to the formulation and implementation of core organisational values and moral codes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Van den Berg, Ruan
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Business -- Religious aspects , Business ethics , Capitalism -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DBA
- Identifier: vital:8919 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021094
- Description: The purpose of this research project was to establish in what way Christian entrepreneurs, in this case owner-managers of small and medium-sized enterprises, drew on their Christian faith – as an identity-creating construct – in the day-to-day running of their businesses. Religion was identified as one of the significant contributing elements that form part of individuals’ underlying values that are used to make numerous value-based decisions. Because SME owner-managers that adhere to the Christian faith constitute a fairly large segment of society in the Western World, a study of this nature can be regarded as a worthwhile undertaking that provides valuable insights related to how and to what extent this particular group of economic actors merge religious convictions with business operations. The research was set up in such a way that SME owner-managers in South Africa, who were self-proclaimed Christians and broadly defined as members of the Protestant tradition, constituted the sample participants. The methodology regarded as most suitable was a qualitative, grounded-theory approach whereby interviews were conducted along the lines of a semi-structured interview schedule. An openended exploratory strategy was adopted that allowed respondents to convey their thoughts and ideas pertaining to the research phenomenon from their personal perspectives. A number of conceptual and linguistic frames offered by the respondents – that gave language to the way they rationalised their faith in the context of managing their businesses – were recorded. A total of sixteen major themes and an additional eight sub-themes emerged from the data. The themes recorded and analysed were: faith, grace, calling, stewardship, kingdom, holiness, discipleship, discernment, love, relationship, anointing, inseparable dimensions of life, the Christian life journey, money, cultural perspectives and biblical principles, including the centrality of the Bible, integrity and honesty, sowing and reaping, humility, forgiveness, power of the tongue, importance of prayer and the centrality of Christ. The research findings revealed that a correct understanding of the Christian identity as well as a correct application thereof is crucial in successfully incorporating Christian ideals in the market. Full integration of the Christian identity plus an internalisation of God’s purposes and principles create an inner sense of direction that is less focused on external moral guidelines and codes of conduct – the phrase living from the inside out’ seems appropriately fitting to describe a group of economic actors who pursue their business careers with a sense of calling coupled with a belief that their commercial whereabouts are distinctively linked to a transcendent objective. In addition, general business administration guidelines, where the issue of religious affiliation per se is of no particular consequence, allow for the integration of the value concepts uncovered through the study by way of the corporate governance framework as contained in the King III report – particularly with reference to business practice interventions related to the formulation and implementation of core organisational values and moral codes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An examination of validation practices in relation to the forensic acquisition of digital evidence in South Africa
- Authors: Jordaan, Jason
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Electronic evidence , Evidence, Criminal , Forensic sciences , Evidence, Criminal -- South Africa -- Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4706 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016361
- Description: The acquisition of digital evidence is the most crucial part of the entire digital forensics process. During this process, digital evidence is acquired in a forensically sound manner to ensure the legal admissibility and reliability of that evidence in court. In the acquisition process various hardware or software tools are used to acquire the digital evidence. All of the digital forensic standards relating to the acquisition of digital evidence require that the hardware and software tools used in the acquisition process are validated as functioning correctly and reliably, as this lends credibility to the evidence in court. In fact the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 in South Africa specifically requires courts to consider issues such as reliability and the manner in which the integrity of digital evidence is ensured when assessing the evidential weight of digital evidence. Previous research into quality assurance in the practice of digital forensics in South Africa identified that in general, tool validation was not performed, and as such a hypothesis was proposed that digital forensic practitioners in South Africa make use of hardware and/or software tools for the forensic acquisition of digital evidence, whose validity and/or reliability cannot be objectively proven. As such the reliability of any digital evidence preserved using those tools is potentially unreliable. This hypothesis was tested in the research through the use of a survey of digital forensic practitioners in South Africa. The research established that the majority of digital forensic practitioners do not use tools in the forensic acquisition of digital evidence that can be proven to be validated and/or reliable. While just under a fifth of digital forensic practitioners can provide some proof of validation and/or reliability, the proof of validation does not meet formal international standards. In essence this means that digital evidence, which is preserved through the use of specific hardware and/or software tools for subsequent presentation and reliance upon as evidence in a court of law, is preserved by tools where the objective and scientific validity thereof has not been determined. Since South African courts must consider reliability in terms of Section 15(3) of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 in assessing the weight of digital evidence, this is undermined through the current state of practice in South Africa by digital forensic practitioners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Jordaan, Jason
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Electronic evidence , Evidence, Criminal , Forensic sciences , Evidence, Criminal -- South Africa -- Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4706 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016361
- Description: The acquisition of digital evidence is the most crucial part of the entire digital forensics process. During this process, digital evidence is acquired in a forensically sound manner to ensure the legal admissibility and reliability of that evidence in court. In the acquisition process various hardware or software tools are used to acquire the digital evidence. All of the digital forensic standards relating to the acquisition of digital evidence require that the hardware and software tools used in the acquisition process are validated as functioning correctly and reliably, as this lends credibility to the evidence in court. In fact the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 in South Africa specifically requires courts to consider issues such as reliability and the manner in which the integrity of digital evidence is ensured when assessing the evidential weight of digital evidence. Previous research into quality assurance in the practice of digital forensics in South Africa identified that in general, tool validation was not performed, and as such a hypothesis was proposed that digital forensic practitioners in South Africa make use of hardware and/or software tools for the forensic acquisition of digital evidence, whose validity and/or reliability cannot be objectively proven. As such the reliability of any digital evidence preserved using those tools is potentially unreliable. This hypothesis was tested in the research through the use of a survey of digital forensic practitioners in South Africa. The research established that the majority of digital forensic practitioners do not use tools in the forensic acquisition of digital evidence that can be proven to be validated and/or reliable. While just under a fifth of digital forensic practitioners can provide some proof of validation and/or reliability, the proof of validation does not meet formal international standards. In essence this means that digital evidence, which is preserved through the use of specific hardware and/or software tools for subsequent presentation and reliance upon as evidence in a court of law, is preserved by tools where the objective and scientific validity thereof has not been determined. Since South African courts must consider reliability in terms of Section 15(3) of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 in assessing the weight of digital evidence, this is undermined through the current state of practice in South Africa by digital forensic practitioners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An exploration into the use of webinjects by financial malware
- Authors: Forrester, Jock Ingram
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Malware (Computer software) -- Analysis , Internet fraud , Computer crimes , Computer security , Electronic commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012079 , Malware (Computer software) -- Analysis , Internet fraud , Computer crimes , Computer security , Electronic commerce
- Description: As the number of computing devices connected to the Internet increases and the Internet itself becomes more pervasive, so does the opportunity for criminals to use these devices in cybercrimes. Supporting the increase in cybercrime is the growth and maturity of the digital underground economy with strong links to its more visible and physical counterpart. The digital underground economy provides software and related services to equip the entrepreneurial cybercriminal with the appropriate skills and required tools. Financial malware, particularly the capability for injection of code into web browsers, has become one of the more profitable cybercrime tool sets due to its versatility and adaptability when targeting clients of institutions with an online presence, both in and outside of the financial industry. There are numerous families of financial malware available for use, with perhaps the most prevalent being Zeus and SpyEye. Criminals create (or purchase) and grow botnets of computing devices infected with financial malware that has been configured to attack clients of certain websites. In the research data set there are 483 configuration files containing approximately 40 000 webinjects that were captured from various financial malware botnets between October 2010 and June 2012. They were processed and analysed to determine the methods used by criminals to defraud either the user of the computing device, or the institution of which the user is a client. The configuration files contain the injection code that is executed in the web browser to create a surrogate interface, which is then used by the criminal to interact with the user and institution in order to commit fraud. Demographics on the captured data set are presented and case studies are documented based on the various methods used to defraud and bypass financial security controls across multiple industries. The case studies cover techniques used in social engineering, bypassing security controls and automated transfers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Forrester, Jock Ingram
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Malware (Computer software) -- Analysis , Internet fraud , Computer crimes , Computer security , Electronic commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012079 , Malware (Computer software) -- Analysis , Internet fraud , Computer crimes , Computer security , Electronic commerce
- Description: As the number of computing devices connected to the Internet increases and the Internet itself becomes more pervasive, so does the opportunity for criminals to use these devices in cybercrimes. Supporting the increase in cybercrime is the growth and maturity of the digital underground economy with strong links to its more visible and physical counterpart. The digital underground economy provides software and related services to equip the entrepreneurial cybercriminal with the appropriate skills and required tools. Financial malware, particularly the capability for injection of code into web browsers, has become one of the more profitable cybercrime tool sets due to its versatility and adaptability when targeting clients of institutions with an online presence, both in and outside of the financial industry. There are numerous families of financial malware available for use, with perhaps the most prevalent being Zeus and SpyEye. Criminals create (or purchase) and grow botnets of computing devices infected with financial malware that has been configured to attack clients of certain websites. In the research data set there are 483 configuration files containing approximately 40 000 webinjects that were captured from various financial malware botnets between October 2010 and June 2012. They were processed and analysed to determine the methods used by criminals to defraud either the user of the computing device, or the institution of which the user is a client. The configuration files contain the injection code that is executed in the web browser to create a surrogate interface, which is then used by the criminal to interact with the user and institution in order to commit fraud. Demographics on the captured data set are presented and case studies are documented based on the various methods used to defraud and bypass financial security controls across multiple industries. The case studies cover techniques used in social engineering, bypassing security controls and automated transfers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An exploration of an environmental resource management course for sustainable development practitioners in Kenya : a case study
- Authors: Oteki, Jane Bosibori
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Environmental management -- Kenya Sustainable development -- Kenya Environmental management -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Sustainable development -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Environmental education -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Environmental sciences -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Technical University of Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011611
- Description: Environmental challenges facing the world currently call for efforts that can avert eminent disasters related to these challenges. In an effort to engage in conservation, the Environmental Resource Management course at Technical University offers an opportunity to train for sustainable development in the country. However, the development and implementation of courses aimed at developing careers in sustainability in institutions of higher learning are coming under scrutiny as questions are being asked about their contributions to sustainable development. This research explored the Environmental Resource Management course to understand how it was developed and implemented to address a practitioner in the environmental resources conservation sector. The study surfaced the contradictions in the course which can be used as a lens to re-orient the course to enable a practitioner in education for sustainable development to emerge. In Kenya, vocational courses in environmental education are a career choice for secondary school leavers and those engaged in the environmental conservation sector. This study carried out at Technical University of Kenya (TU-K) between January 2009 and April 2012 aimed at exploring how a diploma course: Environmental Resource Management (ERM) enabled the learners to become practitioners in environmental resource management. It surfaced contradictions and suggested transformative approaches to re-orient the course for sustainable development. This was necessitated by the paradigm shift in environmental education from environmental conservation education that emphasised ecological studies to Education for Sustainable Development that is broader and more holistic, encompassing social, economic and environmental aspects. The course has to be re-orientated to enable a practitioner in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) to emerge considering the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD, 2005-2014). The course aims at training personnel for deployment in environmental conservation and management organisations to work as resource officers/supervisors in national parks, forestry management, water management, energy development projects officers, etc. Data was gathered through document analysis, questionnaires, interviews, observation and focus group discussions. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) was engaged in surfacing contradictions in the Environmental Resource Management learning system in terms of its development and implementation. While Communities of Practice (COP) principles were used as the ontological underpinning for the ERM course. The results indicate that the ERM course was revised between 1998 and 2002 by experts from Saskatchewan Institute of Science and Technology (SIAST) in collaboration with TU-K staff under the programme, enhancing environmental management in Kenya. The research also established that the ERM course review process was informed by sustainable development principles, as outlined in Agenda 21. Further it was realised that the Develop a Curriculum (DACUM) process was engaged to develop the learning units. This course development envisaged Competency Based Education (CBE) as the main mode of the ERM delivery. CBE is student centred and allows for multi-entry and exit. The study however realised that at implementation this approach was partially incorporated, as the country’s education system is examination oriented and time bound. The study findings indicate that most of the units taught were on ecosystem management with the social and economic aspects having less space and time, therefore the three pillars of Education for Sustainable Development were not adequately addressed in the course to enable a practitioner in the concept to emerge. Also teaching and learning in the course was found to be more theoretical than practical with little hands-on activities because the main focus of the course was to enable the learners to acquire a certificate through examination rather than gain the appropriate competencies. Although the course was found to be enhancing ESD in relation to global and local sustainability issues, there were contradictions or challenges in the system that affected full realisation of the skills, knowledge, values and attitudes. For example the exclusion of the recipient staff in the planning of the course, lack of training of the lecturers on how to train on CBE, insufficient practical field excursions devoid of community engagement, lack of funds, lack of equipment and poor coordination. This study recommends a re-orientation of the course to a more practical approach to teaching such as: • Engagement of students with the community to solve real-life environmental problems; • Mainstreaming ESD in all courses in the institutions of higher learning so that environmental concerns are addressed by everyone; • Reviewing the educational policy to encourage solving of real-life environmental problems rather than passing theoretical examinations; • Enhancing competency based learning to enable students to become competent in their areas of specialisation; • Encouraging networking and direct involvement of the students in the community instead of spending more time in class; and • Establishing a Community of Practice among the students in Higher Education Institutions to enhance conservation practices. The study contributes in-depth insight into exploring courses in Technical Vocational Education and Training institutions using Communities of Practice as a lens within the Kenyan context. It gives some empirical and explanatory insight into how learning can emerge and be expanded in Education for Sustainable Development through relevant courses such as tje Environmental Resource Management course. It also provides learning tools to work with contradictions that arise from socio-cultural and historical dimensions of learning about natural resources in the Kenyan context. Its other key contribution is that it provides further insight into the re-orientation of the ERM courses to embrace ESD for a broader and a more holistic approach to natural resources conservation and poverty alleviation processes that are critical for responding to socio-ecological issues and risks and development challenges in Kenya.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Oteki, Jane Bosibori
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Environmental management -- Kenya Sustainable development -- Kenya Environmental management -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Sustainable development -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Environmental education -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Environmental sciences -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Technical University of Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1964 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011611
- Description: Environmental challenges facing the world currently call for efforts that can avert eminent disasters related to these challenges. In an effort to engage in conservation, the Environmental Resource Management course at Technical University offers an opportunity to train for sustainable development in the country. However, the development and implementation of courses aimed at developing careers in sustainability in institutions of higher learning are coming under scrutiny as questions are being asked about their contributions to sustainable development. This research explored the Environmental Resource Management course to understand how it was developed and implemented to address a practitioner in the environmental resources conservation sector. The study surfaced the contradictions in the course which can be used as a lens to re-orient the course to enable a practitioner in education for sustainable development to emerge. In Kenya, vocational courses in environmental education are a career choice for secondary school leavers and those engaged in the environmental conservation sector. This study carried out at Technical University of Kenya (TU-K) between January 2009 and April 2012 aimed at exploring how a diploma course: Environmental Resource Management (ERM) enabled the learners to become practitioners in environmental resource management. It surfaced contradictions and suggested transformative approaches to re-orient the course for sustainable development. This was necessitated by the paradigm shift in environmental education from environmental conservation education that emphasised ecological studies to Education for Sustainable Development that is broader and more holistic, encompassing social, economic and environmental aspects. The course has to be re-orientated to enable a practitioner in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) to emerge considering the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD, 2005-2014). The course aims at training personnel for deployment in environmental conservation and management organisations to work as resource officers/supervisors in national parks, forestry management, water management, energy development projects officers, etc. Data was gathered through document analysis, questionnaires, interviews, observation and focus group discussions. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) was engaged in surfacing contradictions in the Environmental Resource Management learning system in terms of its development and implementation. While Communities of Practice (COP) principles were used as the ontological underpinning for the ERM course. The results indicate that the ERM course was revised between 1998 and 2002 by experts from Saskatchewan Institute of Science and Technology (SIAST) in collaboration with TU-K staff under the programme, enhancing environmental management in Kenya. The research also established that the ERM course review process was informed by sustainable development principles, as outlined in Agenda 21. Further it was realised that the Develop a Curriculum (DACUM) process was engaged to develop the learning units. This course development envisaged Competency Based Education (CBE) as the main mode of the ERM delivery. CBE is student centred and allows for multi-entry and exit. The study however realised that at implementation this approach was partially incorporated, as the country’s education system is examination oriented and time bound. The study findings indicate that most of the units taught were on ecosystem management with the social and economic aspects having less space and time, therefore the three pillars of Education for Sustainable Development were not adequately addressed in the course to enable a practitioner in the concept to emerge. Also teaching and learning in the course was found to be more theoretical than practical with little hands-on activities because the main focus of the course was to enable the learners to acquire a certificate through examination rather than gain the appropriate competencies. Although the course was found to be enhancing ESD in relation to global and local sustainability issues, there were contradictions or challenges in the system that affected full realisation of the skills, knowledge, values and attitudes. For example the exclusion of the recipient staff in the planning of the course, lack of training of the lecturers on how to train on CBE, insufficient practical field excursions devoid of community engagement, lack of funds, lack of equipment and poor coordination. This study recommends a re-orientation of the course to a more practical approach to teaching such as: • Engagement of students with the community to solve real-life environmental problems; • Mainstreaming ESD in all courses in the institutions of higher learning so that environmental concerns are addressed by everyone; • Reviewing the educational policy to encourage solving of real-life environmental problems rather than passing theoretical examinations; • Enhancing competency based learning to enable students to become competent in their areas of specialisation; • Encouraging networking and direct involvement of the students in the community instead of spending more time in class; and • Establishing a Community of Practice among the students in Higher Education Institutions to enhance conservation practices. The study contributes in-depth insight into exploring courses in Technical Vocational Education and Training institutions using Communities of Practice as a lens within the Kenyan context. It gives some empirical and explanatory insight into how learning can emerge and be expanded in Education for Sustainable Development through relevant courses such as tje Environmental Resource Management course. It also provides learning tools to work with contradictions that arise from socio-cultural and historical dimensions of learning about natural resources in the Kenyan context. Its other key contribution is that it provides further insight into the re-orientation of the ERM courses to embrace ESD for a broader and a more holistic approach to natural resources conservation and poverty alleviation processes that are critical for responding to socio-ecological issues and risks and development challenges in Kenya.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An exploration of geolocation and traffic visualisation using network flows
- Pennefather, Sean, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429597 , vital:72625 , 10.1109/ISSA.2014.6950
- Description: A network flow is a data record that represents characteristics associated with a unidirectional stream of packets transmitted between two hosts using an IP layer protocol. As a network flow only represents statistics relating to the data transferred in the stream, the effectiveness of utilizing network flows for traffic visualization to aid in cyber defense is not immediately apparent and needs further exploration. The goal of this research is to explore the use of network flows for data visualization and geolocation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Pennefather, Sean , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429597 , vital:72625 , 10.1109/ISSA.2014.6950
- Description: A network flow is a data record that represents characteristics associated with a unidirectional stream of packets transmitted between two hosts using an IP layer protocol. As a network flow only represents statistics relating to the data transferred in the stream, the effectiveness of utilizing network flows for traffic visualization to aid in cyber defense is not immediately apparent and needs further exploration. The goal of this research is to explore the use of network flows for data visualization and geolocation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An exploration of James Dreier’s Standard Tune Learning Sequence in a self-directed learning environment : an interpretative phenomenological analysis
- Authors: Ellis, Stephen James
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Dreier, James Drum -- Performance -- Studies and exercises Drum -- Methods -- Self-instruction Drum -- Instruction and study Drummers (Musicians)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011312
- Description: This qualitative case study was undertaken in order to explore the experiences of drum set students who apply themselves to James Dreier’s Standard Tune Learning Sequence (STLS) in a self-directed learning environment. These experiences ultimately shed light on how best to implement Differentiated Instruction to the STLS. The study draws on the experience of three adult drum students under the instruction of the author. The students were provided with the STLS and left to proceed with it on their own. They were asked to keep a record of their progress in the form of a learning journal. These learning journals were used, in conjunction with transcribed interviews and learner profiles, as data for this study and as such were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The study recognizes three factors which affect the student’s successful progression through the STLS: readiness, interest and meaning. Each factor is discussed in relation to literature on differentiated Instruction. Recommendations are made regarding the implementation of Differentiated Instruction to the STLS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Ellis, Stephen James
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Dreier, James Drum -- Performance -- Studies and exercises Drum -- Methods -- Self-instruction Drum -- Instruction and study Drummers (Musicians)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011312
- Description: This qualitative case study was undertaken in order to explore the experiences of drum set students who apply themselves to James Dreier’s Standard Tune Learning Sequence (STLS) in a self-directed learning environment. These experiences ultimately shed light on how best to implement Differentiated Instruction to the STLS. The study draws on the experience of three adult drum students under the instruction of the author. The students were provided with the STLS and left to proceed with it on their own. They were asked to keep a record of their progress in the form of a learning journal. These learning journals were used, in conjunction with transcribed interviews and learner profiles, as data for this study and as such were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The study recognizes three factors which affect the student’s successful progression through the STLS: readiness, interest and meaning. Each factor is discussed in relation to literature on differentiated Instruction. Recommendations are made regarding the implementation of Differentiated Instruction to the STLS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An exploration of the other and the disruption of self in schizophrenia
- Authors: Stopforth, Penny
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Self , Schizophrenia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3254 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016362
- Description: Hermans’ (2002) Dialogical model of Self advocates for a construction of Self that is fluid, diverse and dialogically constructed. He argues that development of ongoing dialogues from within and without the Self constitute the Self. These parts of Self that participate in this internal dialogue are referred to by Hermans (2002) as I-positions. Healthy, dynamic internal dialogue between I-positions is argued to contribute to maintaining a unified sense of Self. The Self is also argued to be socially constructed, in so far as Others outside the Self participate in these internal dialogues and are able to influence and occupy I-positions. Research has shown that people with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia experience a unique form of Self disruption. It has been postulated that this disruption is due to disruptions in this internal dialogue. To date, seminal research has primarily focussed on the internal mechanisms and phenomenological accounts of these disruptions. However, little research has focused on the role that Others outside the Self play in these disruptions. Since the Self is also constructed as a social entity, the aim of this research is to explore in what ways the Other contributes and/or minimises this disruption in people with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia. In order to achieve this, I made use of archival data which was made up of the transcripts from semi-structured interviews previously conducted with people with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia as part of a Self and Schizophrenia study. The interviews were analysed using deductive thematic analysis, and utilised Herman’s theory of the Dialogical Self as the theoretical lens for this study. The emergent themes were organised according to those that were present before a diagnosis of Schizophrenia was given and those themes that were present post-diagnosis. The themes reflected that the Other plays a significant role in the both the maintenance of healthy dialogue post diagnosis and well as in the disruption of dialogue. This disruption was primarily observed throughthecompromising of previous I-positions and in the development of new performative and deficit I-positions that contributed to the disruption in internal dialogue.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Stopforth, Penny
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Self , Schizophrenia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3254 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016362
- Description: Hermans’ (2002) Dialogical model of Self advocates for a construction of Self that is fluid, diverse and dialogically constructed. He argues that development of ongoing dialogues from within and without the Self constitute the Self. These parts of Self that participate in this internal dialogue are referred to by Hermans (2002) as I-positions. Healthy, dynamic internal dialogue between I-positions is argued to contribute to maintaining a unified sense of Self. The Self is also argued to be socially constructed, in so far as Others outside the Self participate in these internal dialogues and are able to influence and occupy I-positions. Research has shown that people with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia experience a unique form of Self disruption. It has been postulated that this disruption is due to disruptions in this internal dialogue. To date, seminal research has primarily focussed on the internal mechanisms and phenomenological accounts of these disruptions. However, little research has focused on the role that Others outside the Self play in these disruptions. Since the Self is also constructed as a social entity, the aim of this research is to explore in what ways the Other contributes and/or minimises this disruption in people with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia. In order to achieve this, I made use of archival data which was made up of the transcripts from semi-structured interviews previously conducted with people with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia as part of a Self and Schizophrenia study. The interviews were analysed using deductive thematic analysis, and utilised Herman’s theory of the Dialogical Self as the theoretical lens for this study. The emergent themes were organised according to those that were present before a diagnosis of Schizophrenia was given and those themes that were present post-diagnosis. The themes reflected that the Other plays a significant role in the both the maintenance of healthy dialogue post diagnosis and well as in the disruption of dialogue. This disruption was primarily observed throughthecompromising of previous I-positions and in the development of new performative and deficit I-positions that contributed to the disruption in internal dialogue.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014