The changing face of Rhodes University: exploring aspects of visuality, sexuality and protest between the apartheid and postapartheid periods
- Authors: Stein, Jonathan Harry
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Rhodes University , Apartheid South Africa , Post-apartheid era South Africa , College students Attitudes , Student movements South Africa , Decolonization South Africa , Aesthetics Political aspects South Africa , Sex Political aspects South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60530 , vital:27790
- Description: This thesis seeks to provide an historical overview of changing trends within specific spheres of the institutional and student culture of Rhodes University between the apartheid and post-apartheid periods. In particular, this thesis seeks to examine changes and developments within the visual and aesthetic culture of the university, and within the sphere of sexual norms and relations within the Rhodes student community. The historical dimensions of these two spheres of the university’s culture will be explored in light of the #RhodesMustFall protest of 2015 and the #RUReferenceList protest of 2016, which drew attention to a perceived lack of institutional transformation related to these two areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Stein, Jonathan Harry
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Rhodes University , Apartheid South Africa , Post-apartheid era South Africa , College students Attitudes , Student movements South Africa , Decolonization South Africa , Aesthetics Political aspects South Africa , Sex Political aspects South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60530 , vital:27790
- Description: This thesis seeks to provide an historical overview of changing trends within specific spheres of the institutional and student culture of Rhodes University between the apartheid and post-apartheid periods. In particular, this thesis seeks to examine changes and developments within the visual and aesthetic culture of the university, and within the sphere of sexual norms and relations within the Rhodes student community. The historical dimensions of these two spheres of the university’s culture will be explored in light of the #RhodesMustFall protest of 2015 and the #RUReferenceList protest of 2016, which drew attention to a perceived lack of institutional transformation related to these two areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The child support grant on mother’s labour market participation: a case of New Brighton and Kwazakhele townships
- Authors: Maqubela, Vuyokazi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Child support -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Income maintenance programs -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Women in development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Blacks -- Women -- Employment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22640 , vital:30042
- Description: The study examined the impact of non-labour income, in the form of the Child Support Grant, on a mother's labour market participation. The key question aimed to determine whether the Child Support Grant had a positive or negative impact on grant beneficiaries in accessing paid work and income. The primary focus of this study is on the impact that cash transfers have on recipients’ labour market participation. The focus is on these women, mainly to identify the causal effect of receiving a child support grant on their labour market participation. Location of focus was the New Brighton and Kwa Zakhele townships, since they have the highest number of social grant beneficiaries in Nelson Mandela Metro Municipality. An analysis of 101 questionnaires reveals that most of the grant recipients are either unemployed or underemployed. These beneficiaries do understand that the grant is meant to provide for the needs of the child concerned; however, because of their socioeconomic circumstances, the beneficiaries utilize the grant for other household purposes. Many of the respondents are actively job seeking but do not utilize the money for job seeking purposes; they mostly utilize it for household expenditure like groceries and electricity. The descriptive method was used to analyze the data and to find responses to the research questions and objectives. The results showed that the determinants of labour market participation by this group are multiple: for example, behavioral, loss of hope of ever finding a job, skills shortage or lack of work experience, lack of qualifications, and so on. Secondly, lack of government support for those who are keen to start self-generating projects leads to further despondency among those trying to find ways and means of generating income.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Maqubela, Vuyokazi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Child support -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Income maintenance programs -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Women in development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Blacks -- Women -- Employment -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22640 , vital:30042
- Description: The study examined the impact of non-labour income, in the form of the Child Support Grant, on a mother's labour market participation. The key question aimed to determine whether the Child Support Grant had a positive or negative impact on grant beneficiaries in accessing paid work and income. The primary focus of this study is on the impact that cash transfers have on recipients’ labour market participation. The focus is on these women, mainly to identify the causal effect of receiving a child support grant on their labour market participation. Location of focus was the New Brighton and Kwa Zakhele townships, since they have the highest number of social grant beneficiaries in Nelson Mandela Metro Municipality. An analysis of 101 questionnaires reveals that most of the grant recipients are either unemployed or underemployed. These beneficiaries do understand that the grant is meant to provide for the needs of the child concerned; however, because of their socioeconomic circumstances, the beneficiaries utilize the grant for other household purposes. Many of the respondents are actively job seeking but do not utilize the money for job seeking purposes; they mostly utilize it for household expenditure like groceries and electricity. The descriptive method was used to analyze the data and to find responses to the research questions and objectives. The results showed that the determinants of labour market participation by this group are multiple: for example, behavioral, loss of hope of ever finding a job, skills shortage or lack of work experience, lack of qualifications, and so on. Secondly, lack of government support for those who are keen to start self-generating projects leads to further despondency among those trying to find ways and means of generating income.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The classification of fuzzy groups of finite cyclic groups Zpn Zqm Zr and Zp1 Zp2 Zpn for distinct prime numbers p; q; r; p1; p2; ; pn and n;m 2 Z+
- Authors: Munywoki, Michael Mbindyo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Fuzzy sets Finite groups
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17817 , vital:41295
- Description: Let G be the cyclic group Zpn _ Zqm _ Zr where p; q; r are distinct primes and n;m 2 Z+. Using the criss-cut method by Murali and Makamba, we determine in general the number of distinct fuzzy subgroups of G. This is achieved by using the maximal chains of subgroups of the respective groups, and the equivalence relation given in their research papers. For cases of m, the number of fuzzy subgroups is _rst given, from which the general pattern for G is achieved. Murali and Makamba discussed the number of fuzzy subgroups of Zpn _ Zqm using the cross-cut method. A brief revisit of the group Zpn _Zqm is done using the criss-cut method. The formulae for _nding the number of distinct fuzzy subgroups in each of the cases is given and proofs provided. Furthermore, we classify the fuzzy subgroups of the group Zp1_Zp2__ _ __Zpn for p1; p2; _ _ _ ; pn distinct primes and n 2 Z+ using the criss-cut method. An algorithm for counting the distinct fuzzy subgroups of this group is developed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Munywoki, Michael Mbindyo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Fuzzy sets Finite groups
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17817 , vital:41295
- Description: Let G be the cyclic group Zpn _ Zqm _ Zr where p; q; r are distinct primes and n;m 2 Z+. Using the criss-cut method by Murali and Makamba, we determine in general the number of distinct fuzzy subgroups of G. This is achieved by using the maximal chains of subgroups of the respective groups, and the equivalence relation given in their research papers. For cases of m, the number of fuzzy subgroups is _rst given, from which the general pattern for G is achieved. Murali and Makamba discussed the number of fuzzy subgroups of Zpn _ Zqm using the cross-cut method. A brief revisit of the group Zpn _Zqm is done using the criss-cut method. The formulae for _nding the number of distinct fuzzy subgroups in each of the cases is given and proofs provided. Furthermore, we classify the fuzzy subgroups of the group Zp1_Zp2__ _ __Zpn for p1; p2; _ _ _ ; pn distinct primes and n 2 Z+ using the criss-cut method. An algorithm for counting the distinct fuzzy subgroups of this group is developed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The concept of equal pay for equal work
- Authors: Dorfling, Jennifer Tracey
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Equal pay for equal work -- South Africa , Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Pay equity -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22005 , vital:29811
- Description: The elimination of pay discrimination and the introduction of equal remuneration has been advocated internationally since the early 1950s by conventions set out by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). The aim of the International Labour Organisation is to improve working conditions universally, remove discrimination based on gender and establish fair rates of remuneration. In South Africa, regulations were promulgated on 1 August 2014 based on the conventions set out in the ILO, in the newly-amended Employment Equity Act. The amendment to section 6(4) of the Employment Equity Act states that a difference in the conditions between employees employed by the same employer, performing the same or substantially the same work or work of equal value based on any one or more grounds of unfair discrimination listed in subsection (6)1, is unfair discrimination. The introduction of this amendment, therefore, brought about an improved legal framework for employees to bring forth unequal remuneration claims. The doctrine of equal pay for equal work is nuanced owing to the lack of understanding, widespread forms of discrimination as well as interpretation of the law. This is experienced internationally and across many jurisdictions. The jurisdictions focused on in this study include the United States of America, the United Kingdom, India and Australia. The comparative study reviews the current equal pay for equal work law in these jurisdictions, and could prove to be useful guidelines to assist with the expansion of the doctrine within the South African legal context. Pioneer Foods (Pty) Ltd v Workers Against Regression (WAR) and Others was the first case brought forth to the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration since the amendment to the Employment Equity Act. A comprehensive analysis of this case has been set out in the treatise. Finally, the treatise concludes with inadequacies in the current legal framework, recommendations to resolve these inadequacies, the future of equal pay for equal work and proposes practical key learnings for human resources practitioners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dorfling, Jennifer Tracey
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Equal pay for equal work -- South Africa , Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Pay equity -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22005 , vital:29811
- Description: The elimination of pay discrimination and the introduction of equal remuneration has been advocated internationally since the early 1950s by conventions set out by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). The aim of the International Labour Organisation is to improve working conditions universally, remove discrimination based on gender and establish fair rates of remuneration. In South Africa, regulations were promulgated on 1 August 2014 based on the conventions set out in the ILO, in the newly-amended Employment Equity Act. The amendment to section 6(4) of the Employment Equity Act states that a difference in the conditions between employees employed by the same employer, performing the same or substantially the same work or work of equal value based on any one or more grounds of unfair discrimination listed in subsection (6)1, is unfair discrimination. The introduction of this amendment, therefore, brought about an improved legal framework for employees to bring forth unequal remuneration claims. The doctrine of equal pay for equal work is nuanced owing to the lack of understanding, widespread forms of discrimination as well as interpretation of the law. This is experienced internationally and across many jurisdictions. The jurisdictions focused on in this study include the United States of America, the United Kingdom, India and Australia. The comparative study reviews the current equal pay for equal work law in these jurisdictions, and could prove to be useful guidelines to assist with the expansion of the doctrine within the South African legal context. Pioneer Foods (Pty) Ltd v Workers Against Regression (WAR) and Others was the first case brought forth to the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration since the amendment to the Employment Equity Act. A comprehensive analysis of this case has been set out in the treatise. Finally, the treatise concludes with inadequacies in the current legal framework, recommendations to resolve these inadequacies, the future of equal pay for equal work and proposes practical key learnings for human resources practitioners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The conceptualisation principles of an academic literacy course: an interpretive study of the English for academic purposes module at a Namibian University
- Authors: Onomo, Angelina Medzo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Academic writing -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Information literacy -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Information literacy -- Social aspects -- Namibia , Academic language -- Namibia , Qualitative research -- Methodology
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62862 , vital:28304
- Description: This thesis reports on an investigation into the features of an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course that may promote or constrain students’ success at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST). Work by the New Literacy Studies has problematised what it means to be academically literate and has critiqued the notion of skills training in Higher Education. This study sought to develop an understanding of what the coursework writers’ and lecturers’ priorities were in designing and assessing academic literacy as expressed in the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) module, and to explain contradictions. As part of this process, it sought to identify the module’s strengths and weaknesses in terms of an understanding of literacy as a social practice, and to recommend changes if necessary. My interest in this module is a result of two interrelated factors. Firstly, as a novice part-time lecturer at NUST, I became concerned at the prevailing high EAP failure rate, which suggested that the course was not in fact promoting the academic literacy of the students. At the same time, my own attempts at ‘equipping’ students with the required academic literacy skills were frustrating. Both these factors suggested that the design and assessment of the course might be misaligned with its purported aims. To carry out this research, I employed an interpretive paradigm using a qualitative approach. I draw on theories in the field of academic literacies by Gee, Street and Lea. The methodology for the study was a document analysis of coursework materials and assessments, supplemented by interviews with available course designers. The key finding of the research is that the aims of the module are undercut by its structure and presentation. The design and assessment tasks of this module, while they aim at giving epistemological access through the development of students’ academic literacy skills, are unlikely to achieve it. This finding explains to some extent the poor throughput rate of the course.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Onomo, Angelina Medzo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Academic writing -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Information literacy -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Information literacy -- Social aspects -- Namibia , Academic language -- Namibia , Qualitative research -- Methodology
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62862 , vital:28304
- Description: This thesis reports on an investigation into the features of an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course that may promote or constrain students’ success at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST). Work by the New Literacy Studies has problematised what it means to be academically literate and has critiqued the notion of skills training in Higher Education. This study sought to develop an understanding of what the coursework writers’ and lecturers’ priorities were in designing and assessing academic literacy as expressed in the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) module, and to explain contradictions. As part of this process, it sought to identify the module’s strengths and weaknesses in terms of an understanding of literacy as a social practice, and to recommend changes if necessary. My interest in this module is a result of two interrelated factors. Firstly, as a novice part-time lecturer at NUST, I became concerned at the prevailing high EAP failure rate, which suggested that the course was not in fact promoting the academic literacy of the students. At the same time, my own attempts at ‘equipping’ students with the required academic literacy skills were frustrating. Both these factors suggested that the design and assessment of the course might be misaligned with its purported aims. To carry out this research, I employed an interpretive paradigm using a qualitative approach. I draw on theories in the field of academic literacies by Gee, Street and Lea. The methodology for the study was a document analysis of coursework materials and assessments, supplemented by interviews with available course designers. The key finding of the research is that the aims of the module are undercut by its structure and presentation. The design and assessment tasks of this module, while they aim at giving epistemological access through the development of students’ academic literacy skills, are unlikely to achieve it. This finding explains to some extent the poor throughput rate of the course.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The Confessions and Professions of an Accidental Academic
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150908 , vital:39016
- Description: [Introduction] A series of accidents brought me to this place today where I get to address those who’ve become an important part of my life about what my life’s work means and adds up to. Many people don’t get such an opportunity, but the academic community believes in the values of history and reflection, so such an opportunity is afforded to me, and I count myself fortunate (and a little bit terrified) to have it. Those accidents (which I will talk about a little more) have meant that I have had a whole career (as a journalist) before I became an academic and so I am a little older perhaps than most professors standing in the same spot. I am close-ish to the ending of this career and I intend to have another one (as a fully-fledged writer) before I finish altogether. What I want to talk about are thedeep preoccupations of my life which are: the personal and the political, talk and listening,and of course, writing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150908 , vital:39016
- Description: [Introduction] A series of accidents brought me to this place today where I get to address those who’ve become an important part of my life about what my life’s work means and adds up to. Many people don’t get such an opportunity, but the academic community believes in the values of history and reflection, so such an opportunity is afforded to me, and I count myself fortunate (and a little bit terrified) to have it. Those accidents (which I will talk about a little more) have meant that I have had a whole career (as a journalist) before I became an academic and so I am a little older perhaps than most professors standing in the same spot. I am close-ish to the ending of this career and I intend to have another one (as a fully-fledged writer) before I finish altogether. What I want to talk about are thedeep preoccupations of my life which are: the personal and the political, talk and listening,and of course, writing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The construction of household livelihood strategies in urban areas: the case of Budiriro, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chevo, Tafadzwa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Income -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Cost and standard of living -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Quality of life -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Informal sector (Economics) -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Agricultural wages -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Households -- Economic aspects -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Macrosociology , Zimbabwe -- Social conditions -- 1980- , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions -- 1980- , Livelihoods Framework
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63043 , vital:28357
- Description: The main objective of this thesis is to understand and explain the ongoing construction of livelihood activities by urban households in the low-income high-density area of Budiriro, Harare, Zimbabwe in a context characterised by systemic crisis and a general decline of the national economy. The study utilised a mixed methods research approach, which combined both qualitative and quantitative research, including a survey, life histories and focus group discussions. The thesis discusses a diverse range of livelihood activities of Budiriro households, such as formal employment, informal trading and agricultural activities, and the ways in which households seeks to diversify their livelihood portfolio. It does this by way of also examining the contemporary and historical factors influencing the livelihood activities pursued by these households, along with the shocks and disturbances encountered and experienced by households in trying to construct viable livelihoods. The thesis makes useful contributions to the existing literature on livelihoods studies. Firstly, the thesis disaggregates the households by showing the existence of three wealth categories in Budiriro and the varying livelihood strategies of households in different wealth categories. Secondly, the study highlights the significance of intra-household dynamics in Budiriro for livelihoods as well as of inter-household kinship networks, which transcend the urban space and entail multi-spatial livelihoods. Thirdly, the thesis examines livelihoods over time, such that it goes beyond a strictly synchronic examination, therefore providing a diachronic analysis of diverse and complicated livelihood pathways. Finally, the Livelihoods Framework is located within broader macro-sociological theorising including the work of Pierre Bourdieu. In this respect, important insights arise about livelihood choices and practices in the light of ongoing debates within sociology about human agency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chevo, Tafadzwa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Income -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Cost and standard of living -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Quality of life -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Informal sector (Economics) -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Agricultural wages -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Households -- Economic aspects -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Macrosociology , Zimbabwe -- Social conditions -- 1980- , Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions -- 1980- , Livelihoods Framework
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63043 , vital:28357
- Description: The main objective of this thesis is to understand and explain the ongoing construction of livelihood activities by urban households in the low-income high-density area of Budiriro, Harare, Zimbabwe in a context characterised by systemic crisis and a general decline of the national economy. The study utilised a mixed methods research approach, which combined both qualitative and quantitative research, including a survey, life histories and focus group discussions. The thesis discusses a diverse range of livelihood activities of Budiriro households, such as formal employment, informal trading and agricultural activities, and the ways in which households seeks to diversify their livelihood portfolio. It does this by way of also examining the contemporary and historical factors influencing the livelihood activities pursued by these households, along with the shocks and disturbances encountered and experienced by households in trying to construct viable livelihoods. The thesis makes useful contributions to the existing literature on livelihoods studies. Firstly, the thesis disaggregates the households by showing the existence of three wealth categories in Budiriro and the varying livelihood strategies of households in different wealth categories. Secondly, the study highlights the significance of intra-household dynamics in Budiriro for livelihoods as well as of inter-household kinship networks, which transcend the urban space and entail multi-spatial livelihoods. Thirdly, the thesis examines livelihoods over time, such that it goes beyond a strictly synchronic examination, therefore providing a diachronic analysis of diverse and complicated livelihood pathways. Finally, the Livelihoods Framework is located within broader macro-sociological theorising including the work of Pierre Bourdieu. In this respect, important insights arise about livelihood choices and practices in the light of ongoing debates within sociology about human agency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The contribution of small scale livestock farming to rural household income in the King William's Town area
- Authors: Mbangcolo, Nomalungisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Farms, Small Livestock farms Rural poor
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MAgric
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13018 , vital:39432
- Description: The Eastern Cape Province have high numbers of livestock but high poverty rates remain very high. This study therefore, aimed to determine the contribution of smallscale livestock farming to rural household income in the King William’s Town area in five rural areas. Literature shows that the livestock sector contributes 40 percent of global value of agricultural output and supports the livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people. The data collected for this research were both quantitative and qualitative and cross-section design was employed for the research. The study used both simple random sampling and availability sampling to select 125 sample households, 25 respondents from each village. Descriptive statistics was used in the analysis of demographic and socio economic characteristics of households where graphs and tables were used to present the relevant information. Probit regression model was used to determine factors influencing the decision to practice livestock production and marginal analysis was calculated to determine the effect of changes of individual variables. For the assessment of the contribution of small-scale livestock farming to household income Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model was fitted. Results show that the highest percentage of livestock kept by households in 5 villages is 56 percent for poultry and the lowest percentage is 2 percent for pig. The main source of income for many households in the study area was the income from pensions and grants but livestock farming is also contributing to household’s income through income generated from sales of livestock for customary events such as traditional rituals and celebrations, lobola, funerals and weddings. Many of the households have secondary education and the reason might simply be that in olden days’ parents had no money to pay school fees of their children and that limited children to go further with their studies. The results of the marginal effects estimates for the probit model suggest that changes in the number of livestock sold would have important effects on household incomes. There are various challenges that livestock producers are facing in their production and the major challenge that households are facing is parasites and diseases as they decrease number of livestock kept by households. Parasites and diseases suck blood, causing the animals to become weak and sometimes resulting in high mortality rate. It is recommended that livestock producers should be made aware of the impacts of various challenges that affect livestock farming through awareness creation programmes and suggest solutions to overcome those challenges.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mbangcolo, Nomalungisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Farms, Small Livestock farms Rural poor
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MAgric
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13018 , vital:39432
- Description: The Eastern Cape Province have high numbers of livestock but high poverty rates remain very high. This study therefore, aimed to determine the contribution of smallscale livestock farming to rural household income in the King William’s Town area in five rural areas. Literature shows that the livestock sector contributes 40 percent of global value of agricultural output and supports the livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people. The data collected for this research were both quantitative and qualitative and cross-section design was employed for the research. The study used both simple random sampling and availability sampling to select 125 sample households, 25 respondents from each village. Descriptive statistics was used in the analysis of demographic and socio economic characteristics of households where graphs and tables were used to present the relevant information. Probit regression model was used to determine factors influencing the decision to practice livestock production and marginal analysis was calculated to determine the effect of changes of individual variables. For the assessment of the contribution of small-scale livestock farming to household income Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model was fitted. Results show that the highest percentage of livestock kept by households in 5 villages is 56 percent for poultry and the lowest percentage is 2 percent for pig. The main source of income for many households in the study area was the income from pensions and grants but livestock farming is also contributing to household’s income through income generated from sales of livestock for customary events such as traditional rituals and celebrations, lobola, funerals and weddings. Many of the households have secondary education and the reason might simply be that in olden days’ parents had no money to pay school fees of their children and that limited children to go further with their studies. The results of the marginal effects estimates for the probit model suggest that changes in the number of livestock sold would have important effects on household incomes. There are various challenges that livestock producers are facing in their production and the major challenge that households are facing is parasites and diseases as they decrease number of livestock kept by households. Parasites and diseases suck blood, causing the animals to become weak and sometimes resulting in high mortality rate. It is recommended that livestock producers should be made aware of the impacts of various challenges that affect livestock farming through awareness creation programmes and suggest solutions to overcome those challenges.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The contribution of small-scale fisheries to rural livelihoods and food security : evidence from Hamburg, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Budaza, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Small-scale fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Food supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fishery management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10338 , vital:35396
- Description: Small-scale fisheries are known to provide food and income to millions of people around the world, but their role and existence is often ignored in development planning. The growing human demand for animal protein has become one of the foremost world challenges for which aquatic organisms have a significant role to play. In South Africa, small-scale fisheries have been recognized since the end of Apartheid, but the extent of the contribution of the sector to rural livelihoods and food security is not well understood. Using data drawn from a sample of 80 fishers in the coastal community of Hamburg, Eastern Cape, this dissertation presents an assessment of the contribution of small-scale fisheries to rural livelihoods, income and food security. The primary data were collected from the fishers using a structured questionnaire and non-probability sampling. The data were analysed with the assistance of descriptive techniques and a few simply statistical tests. The results of the study indicate that fishers in Hamburg catch a wide range of fish, which include wild kob, octopus, spotted grunter, white/black mussel cracker and white steenbras. Fishers in the study area are not solely dependent on small-scale fisheries for their livelihoods, income and food security, but generally supplement their welfare payments with fishing in order to sustain their livelihoods. About 78percent of the surveyed fishers depend on government grants, including old age grants, child support grants and social care grant. In terms of employment, 15percent of the surveyed fishers are casually employed, while 6percent are formally employed on a contract basis. Although they are not only dependent on fishing, nevertheless fishing is an important source of livelihood, income and food security. About 37percent of the fishers harvest marine resources for home consumption, while 7percent harvest solely for income, and 56percent harvest for both home consumption and income. Income generated from fisheries is approximately R935 per month and is used to buy food, electricity, fishing equipment and other household needs. The findings from this research underline the need for interventions such as coordinated institutions, improved infrastructure, improved monitoring and enforcement systems, as well as improved access to permit/fishing rights for sustainable use of marine resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Budaza, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Small-scale fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Food supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fishery management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10338 , vital:35396
- Description: Small-scale fisheries are known to provide food and income to millions of people around the world, but their role and existence is often ignored in development planning. The growing human demand for animal protein has become one of the foremost world challenges for which aquatic organisms have a significant role to play. In South Africa, small-scale fisheries have been recognized since the end of Apartheid, but the extent of the contribution of the sector to rural livelihoods and food security is not well understood. Using data drawn from a sample of 80 fishers in the coastal community of Hamburg, Eastern Cape, this dissertation presents an assessment of the contribution of small-scale fisheries to rural livelihoods, income and food security. The primary data were collected from the fishers using a structured questionnaire and non-probability sampling. The data were analysed with the assistance of descriptive techniques and a few simply statistical tests. The results of the study indicate that fishers in Hamburg catch a wide range of fish, which include wild kob, octopus, spotted grunter, white/black mussel cracker and white steenbras. Fishers in the study area are not solely dependent on small-scale fisheries for their livelihoods, income and food security, but generally supplement their welfare payments with fishing in order to sustain their livelihoods. About 78percent of the surveyed fishers depend on government grants, including old age grants, child support grants and social care grant. In terms of employment, 15percent of the surveyed fishers are casually employed, while 6percent are formally employed on a contract basis. Although they are not only dependent on fishing, nevertheless fishing is an important source of livelihood, income and food security. About 37percent of the fishers harvest marine resources for home consumption, while 7percent harvest solely for income, and 56percent harvest for both home consumption and income. Income generated from fisheries is approximately R935 per month and is used to buy food, electricity, fishing equipment and other household needs. The findings from this research underline the need for interventions such as coordinated institutions, improved infrastructure, improved monitoring and enforcement systems, as well as improved access to permit/fishing rights for sustainable use of marine resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The contributions of biological control to reduced plant size and biomass of water hyacinth populations
- Jones, Roy W, Hill, Jaclyn M, Coetzee, Julie A, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Jones, Roy W , Hill, Jaclyn M , Coetzee, Julie A , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68803 , vital:29326 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1007/s10750-017-3413-y
- Description: Water hyacinth is invasive in many countries, where it reduces aquatic biodiversity and limits water resource utilisation. Biological control of water hyacinth has been successful in South Africa, but has suffered from a lack of empirical data to prove causation. Insect exclusion trials were conducted to quantify the contribution of Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi to the integrated control of water hyacinth on the Nseleni River, South Africa. Insecticide was not expected to induce phytotoxicity, but would prevent weevil damage in water hyacinth plants; and weevil herbivory was predicted to reduce plant petiole length, and above/below surface biomass. Results showed that insecticide had no phytotoxic effects and excluded weevils for 3 weeks, providing a baseline for field applications. Biological control on the Nseleni River directly affected water hyacinth biomass and petiole length, but did not affect plant cover. Plants subject to weevil herbivory demonstrated reductions in above and below surface biomass and had shorter petioles compared to insect-free plants. Dead biomass was also higher in biological control treatments. Biological control strongly affects plant size, biomass and vigour; however, further integrated control is required to facilitate reduction in mat cover, which is the goalpost for successful control of floating aquatic plants.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Jones, Roy W , Hill, Jaclyn M , Coetzee, Julie A , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68803 , vital:29326 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1007/s10750-017-3413-y
- Description: Water hyacinth is invasive in many countries, where it reduces aquatic biodiversity and limits water resource utilisation. Biological control of water hyacinth has been successful in South Africa, but has suffered from a lack of empirical data to prove causation. Insect exclusion trials were conducted to quantify the contribution of Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi to the integrated control of water hyacinth on the Nseleni River, South Africa. Insecticide was not expected to induce phytotoxicity, but would prevent weevil damage in water hyacinth plants; and weevil herbivory was predicted to reduce plant petiole length, and above/below surface biomass. Results showed that insecticide had no phytotoxic effects and excluded weevils for 3 weeks, providing a baseline for field applications. Biological control on the Nseleni River directly affected water hyacinth biomass and petiole length, but did not affect plant cover. Plants subject to weevil herbivory demonstrated reductions in above and below surface biomass and had shorter petioles compared to insect-free plants. Dead biomass was also higher in biological control treatments. Biological control strongly affects plant size, biomass and vigour; however, further integrated control is required to facilitate reduction in mat cover, which is the goalpost for successful control of floating aquatic plants.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
The correlation between polygraph results and nonverbal behaviour
- Authors: Ferreira, Ian
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Lie detectors and detection , Movement, Psychology of Body language Nonverbal communication
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29827 , vital:30782
- Description: The long history, serious and multiple negative consequences, and the global prevalence of human deception inspired the current correlational study. According to certain researchers and practitioners, the polygraph has emerged as one of the most promising methods to detect deception. Although its use has not been without controversy, it is still one of the most frequent means used to detect human deception. In an attempt to address the continued reliance on the polygraph, often in the absence of other evidence, the current study aimed to explore and describe the relationship between final polygraph test results and nonverbal behaviour observations during the pre-interview of the polygraph test. The research design was a correlational study, which explored and described the relationship between specified nonverbal behavioural observations, and deceptive and non-deceptive indicator results, of the participants taking the polygraph test. The nonverbal movements of the head, shoulders, hands and feet were the focus of the study. The research hypothesis of the study was that participants who were identified as deceptive on the polygraph would demonstrate significant statistical differences in specific nonverbal behaviours compared to non-deceptive participants. The results indicated significant statistical difference between the hand movements between the deceptive and the non-deceptive groups who participated in the study. The nonverbal behaviour related to the two groups’ hand movements was found to show significant differences, specifically related to five specific domains, hand hold symmetrical action, right arm/hand still, left hand/finger actions, touch behaviour, and thumbs up and downwards movements. The data were described and analysed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics and significant correlational findings were discussed in relation to the relevant published literature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ferreira, Ian
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Lie detectors and detection , Movement, Psychology of Body language Nonverbal communication
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29827 , vital:30782
- Description: The long history, serious and multiple negative consequences, and the global prevalence of human deception inspired the current correlational study. According to certain researchers and practitioners, the polygraph has emerged as one of the most promising methods to detect deception. Although its use has not been without controversy, it is still one of the most frequent means used to detect human deception. In an attempt to address the continued reliance on the polygraph, often in the absence of other evidence, the current study aimed to explore and describe the relationship between final polygraph test results and nonverbal behaviour observations during the pre-interview of the polygraph test. The research design was a correlational study, which explored and described the relationship between specified nonverbal behavioural observations, and deceptive and non-deceptive indicator results, of the participants taking the polygraph test. The nonverbal movements of the head, shoulders, hands and feet were the focus of the study. The research hypothesis of the study was that participants who were identified as deceptive on the polygraph would demonstrate significant statistical differences in specific nonverbal behaviours compared to non-deceptive participants. The results indicated significant statistical difference between the hand movements between the deceptive and the non-deceptive groups who participated in the study. The nonverbal behaviour related to the two groups’ hand movements was found to show significant differences, specifically related to five specific domains, hand hold symmetrical action, right arm/hand still, left hand/finger actions, touch behaviour, and thumbs up and downwards movements. The data were described and analysed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics and significant correlational findings were discussed in relation to the relevant published literature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The criminalization of consensual sexual acts between children
- Authors: Grootboom, Lance Patrick
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sex crimes -- South Africa , Children -- Legal status, laws, etc -- South Africa , South Africa -- Children's Act, 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30082 , vital:30823
- Description: Sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law Sexual Offences and Related Matters Act (hereinafter referred to as “SORMA”) regulated consensual sexual acts between children. Both these sections criminalised consensual sexual acts between children. Section 15 of SORMA deals with consensual sexual penetration with children 12 years old but under the age of 16 years and section 16 deals with acts of consensual sexual violation with children 12 years of age but under the age of 16. The aim of these two sections was to protect children from undue influence relating to sexual engagement with adults or significantly older children. A number of child organisations criticised sections 15 and 16 on grounds that it is not abnormal for adolescents in the age group 12 to 16 years to experiment with sex and that such conduct are developmentally significant and normative. In the Teddy Bear Clinic and Rapcan v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development1 (hereinafter referred to as the Teddy Bear case), the constitutionality of sections 15 and 16 of SORMA were challenged in the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court held that both sections were unconstitutional and ruled that these sections violated childrens’ right to human dignity, privacy and the best interest of the child principle. The Constitutional Court suspended the declaration of invalidity for a period of 18 months in order to give Parliament an opportunity to remedy the defects in SORMA. On 3 July 2015 the Criminal Law Sexual Offences and Related Matters Amendment, Amendment 5 of 2015, came into operation and amended section 15 and 16 by decriminalising sexual acts between children aged between 12 to 15 years. This research evaluates the arguments and effects of the Teddy Bear case with reference to section 15 and 16 of SORMA and provides an analysis of the current amendments in the Amendment Act 5 2015, with specific reference to its impact on consensual sexual acts between children.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Grootboom, Lance Patrick
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sex crimes -- South Africa , Children -- Legal status, laws, etc -- South Africa , South Africa -- Children's Act, 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30082 , vital:30823
- Description: Sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law Sexual Offences and Related Matters Act (hereinafter referred to as “SORMA”) regulated consensual sexual acts between children. Both these sections criminalised consensual sexual acts between children. Section 15 of SORMA deals with consensual sexual penetration with children 12 years old but under the age of 16 years and section 16 deals with acts of consensual sexual violation with children 12 years of age but under the age of 16. The aim of these two sections was to protect children from undue influence relating to sexual engagement with adults or significantly older children. A number of child organisations criticised sections 15 and 16 on grounds that it is not abnormal for adolescents in the age group 12 to 16 years to experiment with sex and that such conduct are developmentally significant and normative. In the Teddy Bear Clinic and Rapcan v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development1 (hereinafter referred to as the Teddy Bear case), the constitutionality of sections 15 and 16 of SORMA were challenged in the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court held that both sections were unconstitutional and ruled that these sections violated childrens’ right to human dignity, privacy and the best interest of the child principle. The Constitutional Court suspended the declaration of invalidity for a period of 18 months in order to give Parliament an opportunity to remedy the defects in SORMA. On 3 July 2015 the Criminal Law Sexual Offences and Related Matters Amendment, Amendment 5 of 2015, came into operation and amended section 15 and 16 by decriminalising sexual acts between children aged between 12 to 15 years. This research evaluates the arguments and effects of the Teddy Bear case with reference to section 15 and 16 of SORMA and provides an analysis of the current amendments in the Amendment Act 5 2015, with specific reference to its impact on consensual sexual acts between children.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The criminalization of HIV and the significance of knowledge: a comparative study
- Authors: Du Toit, Michelle Christine
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Criminal law -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29915 , vital:30793
- Description: Throughout history, epidemics have been endemic to the human experience.1 Medical epidemics can cause both fear and panic among citizens around the globe,2 as can be evidenced by the approaches taken for venereal disease in the past and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the present. Legal intervention for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections demonstrate how criminalization can be used as a tool to reinforce existing stigmas that separate the sick from the healthy by establishing a moral link between sickness and unlawfulness, especially in matters where sexual conduct is a factor.3 The spheres of public health and criminal law are both aimed at the protection of public welfare and safety in their attempt to neutralize harmful elements in society, whether such harm is evidenced by a disease-causing biological agent or the reckless conduct of individuals.4 The enquiry into the suitability of criminal law as a method of addressing the problem of HIV transmission was necessitated by an awareness of scientific and medical progress in HIV treatment. Currently, criminal law is applied in dealing with HIV transmission in South Africa, and little cognisance is taken of scientific and medical knowledge. South Africa has endorsed the recommendations made by the United Nations to utilise existing criminal laws in the event that it needs to be applied to cases of HIV transmission.5 This study acknowledges the application of criminal laws where HIV transmission occurs as a result of the accused person’s intentional act or omission. The law applicable to HIV transmission in South Africa and certain states in the United States of America (United States) is discussed. The study serves to indicate that, whether general or HIV-specific criminal law is imposed, criminal laws cannot contain HIV transmission, but only serve to particularly address harm suffered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Du Toit, Michelle Christine
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , HIV infections -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Criminal law -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29915 , vital:30793
- Description: Throughout history, epidemics have been endemic to the human experience.1 Medical epidemics can cause both fear and panic among citizens around the globe,2 as can be evidenced by the approaches taken for venereal disease in the past and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the present. Legal intervention for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections demonstrate how criminalization can be used as a tool to reinforce existing stigmas that separate the sick from the healthy by establishing a moral link between sickness and unlawfulness, especially in matters where sexual conduct is a factor.3 The spheres of public health and criminal law are both aimed at the protection of public welfare and safety in their attempt to neutralize harmful elements in society, whether such harm is evidenced by a disease-causing biological agent or the reckless conduct of individuals.4 The enquiry into the suitability of criminal law as a method of addressing the problem of HIV transmission was necessitated by an awareness of scientific and medical progress in HIV treatment. Currently, criminal law is applied in dealing with HIV transmission in South Africa, and little cognisance is taken of scientific and medical knowledge. South Africa has endorsed the recommendations made by the United Nations to utilise existing criminal laws in the event that it needs to be applied to cases of HIV transmission.5 This study acknowledges the application of criminal laws where HIV transmission occurs as a result of the accused person’s intentional act or omission. The law applicable to HIV transmission in South Africa and certain states in the United States of America (United States) is discussed. The study serves to indicate that, whether general or HIV-specific criminal law is imposed, criminal laws cannot contain HIV transmission, but only serve to particularly address harm suffered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The current utility of oligonucleotide aptamers in targeting the MUC1 mucin tumour marker
- Authors: Flanagan, Shane Patrick
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62969 , vital:28348
- Description: Expected release date-April 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Flanagan, Shane Patrick
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62969 , vital:28348
- Description: Expected release date-April 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The customary law practice of ukuthwala – an antithesis in the South African constitutional order
- Jokani, Mkhuseli Christopher
- Authors: Jokani, Mkhuseli Christopher
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Customary law -- South Africa , Culture -- Legal status, laws, etc -- South Africa Forced marriage -- Legal status, laws, etc -- South Africa Teenage marriage -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Xhosa (African people) -- Law and legislation -- Social life and customs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , LLD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22474 , vital:29973
- Description: The concept of ukuthwala is an age-old customary marriage practice prevalent amongst the Nguni speaking tribes of South Africa. It is a practice whereby, preliminary to a customary marriage, a young man, by force, takes a girl to his home. The SABC and E-tv evening television news coverage of 15th March 2009 reported the prevalence of forced and child marriages of young girls with elderly men in the East Pondoland of the Eastern Cape. The question arose as to whether the custom of ukuthwala could be justified as a legitimate cultural practice in the context of a modern constitutional democracy because some view it as an outdated customary practice that targets girl children, while others view it as a legitimate cultural practice. Since ukuthwala cannot be treated as a unitary phenomenon, variants of the practice must be distinguished. The thesis reveals that there are three variants of ukuthwala, which are ukuthwala ngemvumelwano, ukuthwala kobolawu and ukuthwala okungenamvumelwano. The thesis concludes by drawing a distinction between ukuthwala, forced marriage and child marriage. It proposes that ukuthwala in its traditional form is not synonymous with forced marriage and child marriage. The thesis poses the following main legal questions, namely: does the South African criminal jurisprudence criminalise ukuthwala, and if so, on what charges are perpetrators tried; and how is the inherent conflict between the customary law practice of ukuthwala and the Bill of Rights enshrined in the Constitution, resolved? The thesis responds to these questions as follows. Firstly, it is suggested that ukuthwala in itself is not a formally defined crime, but a customary law practice resorted to by the prospective suitor to force the parents of the young woman into marriage negotiations. However, in recent times the practice has been abused and distorted which borders on the commission of a criminal offence and the violation of the young woman’s human rights. The criminal offences that are committed because of the distorted form of ukuthwala are both in terms of the common and statutory laws of South Africa. The thesis suggests that those found guilty of committing a crime under the pretext of customary law practice of ukuthwala should be punished. South Africa has a number of statutory as well as common law provisions, which can be used to prosecute those found to have committed offences. South Africa does not need to outlaw and criminalise ukuthwala in its entirety but does need to distinguish between the distorted and the traditional forms of ukuthwala. The thesis responds to the second main question as follows. Firstly, the violation of the young woman’s human rights brings to the fore a conflict between the customary law practice of ukuthwala and the Bill of Rights enshrined in the Constitution. The thesis makes a distinction between the three variants of ukuthwala customary practices and concludes that ukuthwala ngemvumelwano is the most acceptable form because it takes place when there is mutual consent between parties. It further proposes that the positive elements within the customary law practice of ukuthwala must be developed and promoted provided that they are consistent with the provisions of the Constitution. However, the negative elements that conflict with provisions of the Constitution should be done away with. The thesis suggests that the latter approach is important to addressing the conflict between ukuthwala customary practice and the Bill of Rights. The thesis concludes by suggesting that the distorted form of subjecting young women and girl children into forced marriages under the pretext of the customary law practice of ukuthwala are unconstitutional and cannot be justified in terms of sections 30 and 31 of the Constitution. Therefore, ukuthwala customary law practice is not free from criticism if one considers the two variants of ukuthwala where there has been no consent from one of the parties concerned. A comparative analysis is undertaken with selected Southern African Development Community countries to establish similarities in practices related to ukuthwala and how the consequent contradictions between customary law and common law have been dealt with. The thesis concludes that ukuthwala is a unique South African customary practice that is different from other customary practices in some selected jurisdictions. Therefore, the comparative analysis has helped in identifying how poverty perpetuates the different but related, customary law practices across the selected jurisdictions. Therefore, in order for Mother Africa to adequately respond to the harmful traditional practices there is a need to address the socio-economic issues particularly in the rural parts of Africa. The harmful traditional practices seem to be more common in the rural parts of the selected jurisdictions rather than in urban and semi-urban areas. The lesson learnt is that social development should have a particular bias towards the rural areas of Africa. The findings, amongst others, are that ukuthwala in its traditional form is a legitimate customary law practice which was often resorted to when obstacles arose in order to force the parents of the young woman to negotiate marriage. Ukuthwala is not synonymous with forced and early marriages. The thesis recommends that South Africa does not need to outlaw ukuthwala despite the fact that it has now been abused and distorted. It is argued that there are sufficient statutory and common laws to respond to the scourge of distorted versions of ukuthwala in South Africa. The thesis recommends that South Africa with its plural legal system should highlight the supremacy of the Constitution aligned with international human rights standards to avoid conflict in legal interpretation and implementation. It is hoped that this will assist in the implementation of the positive aspects of African customary law within the legal system and will remove the negative elements that infringe on the rights of women and children. It is recommended that it would be useful to pursue non-legislative measures to deal comprehensively with the causes of ukuthwala and its consequences by investing in education, training and awareness raising campaigns among sectors of society, most importantly rural people. Education, when employed, should not be an event but a process that will start at school level and extend to post-university. The emphasis should be on the inclusion of gender studies from early grades to undo the mentality of male superiority and entrench an equality attitude between boys and girls from a very early age. The reason for this suggestion is that attitudes manifested in our society always portray girls and women as being weak and therefore not equal to boys and men. It is important to ensure that role-players in the fight against gender-based violence are adequately trained to equip them to handle these cases properly. These role-players include South African Police Service members, National Prosecuting Authority, Judiciary and Non-Governmental Organisations to mitigate secondary victimisation of victims of these distorted cultural practices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Jokani, Mkhuseli Christopher
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Customary law -- South Africa , Culture -- Legal status, laws, etc -- South Africa Forced marriage -- Legal status, laws, etc -- South Africa Teenage marriage -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Xhosa (African people) -- Law and legislation -- Social life and customs
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , LLD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22474 , vital:29973
- Description: The concept of ukuthwala is an age-old customary marriage practice prevalent amongst the Nguni speaking tribes of South Africa. It is a practice whereby, preliminary to a customary marriage, a young man, by force, takes a girl to his home. The SABC and E-tv evening television news coverage of 15th March 2009 reported the prevalence of forced and child marriages of young girls with elderly men in the East Pondoland of the Eastern Cape. The question arose as to whether the custom of ukuthwala could be justified as a legitimate cultural practice in the context of a modern constitutional democracy because some view it as an outdated customary practice that targets girl children, while others view it as a legitimate cultural practice. Since ukuthwala cannot be treated as a unitary phenomenon, variants of the practice must be distinguished. The thesis reveals that there are three variants of ukuthwala, which are ukuthwala ngemvumelwano, ukuthwala kobolawu and ukuthwala okungenamvumelwano. The thesis concludes by drawing a distinction between ukuthwala, forced marriage and child marriage. It proposes that ukuthwala in its traditional form is not synonymous with forced marriage and child marriage. The thesis poses the following main legal questions, namely: does the South African criminal jurisprudence criminalise ukuthwala, and if so, on what charges are perpetrators tried; and how is the inherent conflict between the customary law practice of ukuthwala and the Bill of Rights enshrined in the Constitution, resolved? The thesis responds to these questions as follows. Firstly, it is suggested that ukuthwala in itself is not a formally defined crime, but a customary law practice resorted to by the prospective suitor to force the parents of the young woman into marriage negotiations. However, in recent times the practice has been abused and distorted which borders on the commission of a criminal offence and the violation of the young woman’s human rights. The criminal offences that are committed because of the distorted form of ukuthwala are both in terms of the common and statutory laws of South Africa. The thesis suggests that those found guilty of committing a crime under the pretext of customary law practice of ukuthwala should be punished. South Africa has a number of statutory as well as common law provisions, which can be used to prosecute those found to have committed offences. South Africa does not need to outlaw and criminalise ukuthwala in its entirety but does need to distinguish between the distorted and the traditional forms of ukuthwala. The thesis responds to the second main question as follows. Firstly, the violation of the young woman’s human rights brings to the fore a conflict between the customary law practice of ukuthwala and the Bill of Rights enshrined in the Constitution. The thesis makes a distinction between the three variants of ukuthwala customary practices and concludes that ukuthwala ngemvumelwano is the most acceptable form because it takes place when there is mutual consent between parties. It further proposes that the positive elements within the customary law practice of ukuthwala must be developed and promoted provided that they are consistent with the provisions of the Constitution. However, the negative elements that conflict with provisions of the Constitution should be done away with. The thesis suggests that the latter approach is important to addressing the conflict between ukuthwala customary practice and the Bill of Rights. The thesis concludes by suggesting that the distorted form of subjecting young women and girl children into forced marriages under the pretext of the customary law practice of ukuthwala are unconstitutional and cannot be justified in terms of sections 30 and 31 of the Constitution. Therefore, ukuthwala customary law practice is not free from criticism if one considers the two variants of ukuthwala where there has been no consent from one of the parties concerned. A comparative analysis is undertaken with selected Southern African Development Community countries to establish similarities in practices related to ukuthwala and how the consequent contradictions between customary law and common law have been dealt with. The thesis concludes that ukuthwala is a unique South African customary practice that is different from other customary practices in some selected jurisdictions. Therefore, the comparative analysis has helped in identifying how poverty perpetuates the different but related, customary law practices across the selected jurisdictions. Therefore, in order for Mother Africa to adequately respond to the harmful traditional practices there is a need to address the socio-economic issues particularly in the rural parts of Africa. The harmful traditional practices seem to be more common in the rural parts of the selected jurisdictions rather than in urban and semi-urban areas. The lesson learnt is that social development should have a particular bias towards the rural areas of Africa. The findings, amongst others, are that ukuthwala in its traditional form is a legitimate customary law practice which was often resorted to when obstacles arose in order to force the parents of the young woman to negotiate marriage. Ukuthwala is not synonymous with forced and early marriages. The thesis recommends that South Africa does not need to outlaw ukuthwala despite the fact that it has now been abused and distorted. It is argued that there are sufficient statutory and common laws to respond to the scourge of distorted versions of ukuthwala in South Africa. The thesis recommends that South Africa with its plural legal system should highlight the supremacy of the Constitution aligned with international human rights standards to avoid conflict in legal interpretation and implementation. It is hoped that this will assist in the implementation of the positive aspects of African customary law within the legal system and will remove the negative elements that infringe on the rights of women and children. It is recommended that it would be useful to pursue non-legislative measures to deal comprehensively with the causes of ukuthwala and its consequences by investing in education, training and awareness raising campaigns among sectors of society, most importantly rural people. Education, when employed, should not be an event but a process that will start at school level and extend to post-university. The emphasis should be on the inclusion of gender studies from early grades to undo the mentality of male superiority and entrench an equality attitude between boys and girls from a very early age. The reason for this suggestion is that attitudes manifested in our society always portray girls and women as being weak and therefore not equal to boys and men. It is important to ensure that role-players in the fight against gender-based violence are adequately trained to equip them to handle these cases properly. These role-players include South African Police Service members, National Prosecuting Authority, Judiciary and Non-Governmental Organisations to mitigate secondary victimisation of victims of these distorted cultural practices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The design of a 21st century headquarters for the Transnet National Ports Authority in the port of East London
- Authors: Ramjee, Neche'
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Harbors -- South Africa -- East London -- Design and construction Marine terminals -- Design and construction National Ports Authority of South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23801 , vital:30621
- Description: Ports form part of an international global network that facilitates trade and economic growth. This thesis is born out of interest in communicating economic prosperity and corporate identity in a modern South African society through the design of a headquarters for the state owned company (parastatal), Transnet National Ports Authority. This paper unpacks and the reviews the strategies, methods and tools when interpreting corporate identity into corporate architecture as well as the issues and challenges when establishing a corporate identity for a parastatal company in connection with the potential role and impact that ports have on urban development in the 21st Century. Qualitative research has been conducted to investigate and understand what corporate identity is in order to establish the key symbolic components which signify a brand, within its national context, to its users, clients and the public. Furthermore theory relating to place is used in order to establish the relationship between man and nature has also been investigated in order to appropriate principles of wellness and sustainability within a corporate environment which are site specific. This provides a platform for an architectural intervention which responds to the ecological and urban issues of the site, as harbours have a dominant land use in a city they have significant implications for the physical and environmental features thereof. The findings will lead to an appropriate brief which will arrive at a design response which is an authentic architectural expression of the company’s corporate identity. An office building typology will be investigated and implemented onto the site to successfully communicate the brand and contextual identity. Urban strategies which seek to marry the rigid industrial processes with its active public interface will be investigated in order to contribute to promote trade on the East London waterfront.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ramjee, Neche'
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Harbors -- South Africa -- East London -- Design and construction Marine terminals -- Design and construction National Ports Authority of South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23801 , vital:30621
- Description: Ports form part of an international global network that facilitates trade and economic growth. This thesis is born out of interest in communicating economic prosperity and corporate identity in a modern South African society through the design of a headquarters for the state owned company (parastatal), Transnet National Ports Authority. This paper unpacks and the reviews the strategies, methods and tools when interpreting corporate identity into corporate architecture as well as the issues and challenges when establishing a corporate identity for a parastatal company in connection with the potential role and impact that ports have on urban development in the 21st Century. Qualitative research has been conducted to investigate and understand what corporate identity is in order to establish the key symbolic components which signify a brand, within its national context, to its users, clients and the public. Furthermore theory relating to place is used in order to establish the relationship between man and nature has also been investigated in order to appropriate principles of wellness and sustainability within a corporate environment which are site specific. This provides a platform for an architectural intervention which responds to the ecological and urban issues of the site, as harbours have a dominant land use in a city they have significant implications for the physical and environmental features thereof. The findings will lead to an appropriate brief which will arrive at a design response which is an authentic architectural expression of the company’s corporate identity. An office building typology will be investigated and implemented onto the site to successfully communicate the brand and contextual identity. Urban strategies which seek to marry the rigid industrial processes with its active public interface will be investigated in order to contribute to promote trade on the East London waterfront.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The design of a 3D printing facility in Central, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Huiskens, Riaan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Architecture and technology -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23739 , vital:30615
- Description: High-tech architecture is moving towards a paradigm shift with the development and incorporation of digital fabrication technology. This interest is extended into the discussion of recycling existing infrastructure. In this treatise, a topic which ties into both the heritage and ecological discourse. It recognises the significance of historical urban elements and the finite quality of heritage resources within the city. A historical building used as a host for the design of a 3D printing facility invites a dialogue between the architecture of the old and the expression of the new. The Premier Mill Building is identified as an historical urban artefact and the proposed programme complements the historical background of the building, which was a granary. A building from another time, now caught in a post-industrial age. The primary architectural exploration focuses on the possibilities offered by 3D printing in the making and expression of architecture. Therefore research is focused on the types and processes of 3D printing and there products. Secondly, the treatise employs an urban artefact as a vehicle of expression for a new programme, which requires an understanding of the topic of marrying present and past architecture. In the treatise the city, is understood through the work of Aldo Rossi’s conceptual perspective of the city. Further, the topic of digital tectonic is explored in order to establish an expression of digital fabrication. Heritage and conservation principles are investigated to complete a theoretical understanding of the project. This treatise document is a record of the design process from start to finish. The document unpacks the treatise through its various stages of growth: project background; research; design strategies and final design.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Huiskens, Riaan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Architecture and technology -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23739 , vital:30615
- Description: High-tech architecture is moving towards a paradigm shift with the development and incorporation of digital fabrication technology. This interest is extended into the discussion of recycling existing infrastructure. In this treatise, a topic which ties into both the heritage and ecological discourse. It recognises the significance of historical urban elements and the finite quality of heritage resources within the city. A historical building used as a host for the design of a 3D printing facility invites a dialogue between the architecture of the old and the expression of the new. The Premier Mill Building is identified as an historical urban artefact and the proposed programme complements the historical background of the building, which was a granary. A building from another time, now caught in a post-industrial age. The primary architectural exploration focuses on the possibilities offered by 3D printing in the making and expression of architecture. Therefore research is focused on the types and processes of 3D printing and there products. Secondly, the treatise employs an urban artefact as a vehicle of expression for a new programme, which requires an understanding of the topic of marrying present and past architecture. In the treatise the city, is understood through the work of Aldo Rossi’s conceptual perspective of the city. Further, the topic of digital tectonic is explored in order to establish an expression of digital fabrication. Heritage and conservation principles are investigated to complete a theoretical understanding of the project. This treatise document is a record of the design process from start to finish. The document unpacks the treatise through its various stages of growth: project background; research; design strategies and final design.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The design of a boxing academy and event arena in Mdantsane, Eastern Cape
- Authors: McGregor, David
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Physical fitness centers -- Design and Plans Sport facilities -- South Africa -- Mdantsane -- Designs and Plans Recreation centers -- South Africa -- Mdantsane
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Arch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23812 , vital:30622
- Description: This treatise is preoccupied with Mdantsane as a particular place and community, with Mdantsane’s communal identity centred around their phenomenal boxing culture. This treatise investigates how public architecture can be constructed to acknowledge and promote a community’s culture and identity, and ultimately engender a sense of place within a settlement. To this end, architectural theories concerning a sense of place will be scrutinised, and the correlations between architecture and community, culture and identity will be investigated in order to extrapolate design principles and strategies that will assist in informing the design proposal.Mdantsane, a large informal settlement in the Eastern Cape, has been bestowed with the title of the South African ‘Mecca of Boxing’, having produced 1/3 of all international champions originating from South Africa. however, the ‘Mecca of Boxing’ has no ‘home’ in the community. The dilapidated boxing gyms operate as individual entities, and there is no explicit boxing arena in the community, rendering Mdantsane ineligible to host national and provincial boxing tournaments. Furthermore, without available quality training facilities in the Eastern Cape, the promising talent is relocating elsewhere.This treatise proposes the design of a Boxing Arena and Academy in the Central Business District of Mdantsane, in the Eastern Cape. In order to understand the nature of an arena and sporting academy, pertinent precedent studies were undertaken to deduce principal findings about the nature of the building typology. The principle aim of the architecture is to bring the Arena back to the public, constructed as a place for the community to gather and celebrate their cultural identity. Furthermore, the architecture seeks to overcome the ‘placelessness’ of the typical arena typology, through the management of an architecture that responds to the particular contextual conditions of the community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: McGregor, David
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Physical fitness centers -- Design and Plans Sport facilities -- South Africa -- Mdantsane -- Designs and Plans Recreation centers -- South Africa -- Mdantsane
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Arch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23812 , vital:30622
- Description: This treatise is preoccupied with Mdantsane as a particular place and community, with Mdantsane’s communal identity centred around their phenomenal boxing culture. This treatise investigates how public architecture can be constructed to acknowledge and promote a community’s culture and identity, and ultimately engender a sense of place within a settlement. To this end, architectural theories concerning a sense of place will be scrutinised, and the correlations between architecture and community, culture and identity will be investigated in order to extrapolate design principles and strategies that will assist in informing the design proposal.Mdantsane, a large informal settlement in the Eastern Cape, has been bestowed with the title of the South African ‘Mecca of Boxing’, having produced 1/3 of all international champions originating from South Africa. however, the ‘Mecca of Boxing’ has no ‘home’ in the community. The dilapidated boxing gyms operate as individual entities, and there is no explicit boxing arena in the community, rendering Mdantsane ineligible to host national and provincial boxing tournaments. Furthermore, without available quality training facilities in the Eastern Cape, the promising talent is relocating elsewhere.This treatise proposes the design of a Boxing Arena and Academy in the Central Business District of Mdantsane, in the Eastern Cape. In order to understand the nature of an arena and sporting academy, pertinent precedent studies were undertaken to deduce principal findings about the nature of the building typology. The principle aim of the architecture is to bring the Arena back to the public, constructed as a place for the community to gather and celebrate their cultural identity. Furthermore, the architecture seeks to overcome the ‘placelessness’ of the typical arena typology, through the management of an architecture that responds to the particular contextual conditions of the community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The design of a eucalyptus furniture manufacturing facility in Hogsback, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Yspeert, Hymie
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Furniture industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23727 , vital:30614
- Description: The purpose of this research is to investigate the tectonic poten¬tial of Eucalyptus. This is done by using the design of a furniture manufacturing facility in Hogsback as a scenario through which the tectonic potential of Eucalyptus can be explored. Eucalyptus as a material for investigation was chosen because, in the context of South Africa, Eucalyptus is listed as an invasive alien species which poses certain ecological problems to our ecosystems. Yet it is known as a versatile building material. The research is qualitative and empirical in nature and takes the form of pure research. The research was done by conducting site visits and through exploratory artworks and tectonic models (sculptures), as well as by reviewing relevant literature and conducting precedent studies based thereon. It was found that the tectonic potential of Eucalyptus rests in the ma¬terial’s great structural strength, compared to its weight. The factory type proved to be suitable building type through which to investigate the tectonics of Eucalyptus given its functional and architectural concern regarding structure and tectonics. The context of Hogsback added depth to the architectural challenge in requiring a response to climatic conditions, which can vary with vast extremes and can change within a short period of time. The practical implication of this research is that Eucalyptus has great potential in the making of architecture. It therefore warrants further investigation into the material’s structural properties which, thus far, has not been widely researched. This has become more of a necessity due to the fact that it is increasingly becoming more popular as an alternative to commercial species such as pine or other wood species used in the building construction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Yspeert, Hymie
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Furniture industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23727 , vital:30614
- Description: The purpose of this research is to investigate the tectonic poten¬tial of Eucalyptus. This is done by using the design of a furniture manufacturing facility in Hogsback as a scenario through which the tectonic potential of Eucalyptus can be explored. Eucalyptus as a material for investigation was chosen because, in the context of South Africa, Eucalyptus is listed as an invasive alien species which poses certain ecological problems to our ecosystems. Yet it is known as a versatile building material. The research is qualitative and empirical in nature and takes the form of pure research. The research was done by conducting site visits and through exploratory artworks and tectonic models (sculptures), as well as by reviewing relevant literature and conducting precedent studies based thereon. It was found that the tectonic potential of Eucalyptus rests in the ma¬terial’s great structural strength, compared to its weight. The factory type proved to be suitable building type through which to investigate the tectonics of Eucalyptus given its functional and architectural concern regarding structure and tectonics. The context of Hogsback added depth to the architectural challenge in requiring a response to climatic conditions, which can vary with vast extremes and can change within a short period of time. The practical implication of this research is that Eucalyptus has great potential in the making of architecture. It therefore warrants further investigation into the material’s structural properties which, thus far, has not been widely researched. This has become more of a necessity due to the fact that it is increasingly becoming more popular as an alternative to commercial species such as pine or other wood species used in the building construction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The design of a high performance sailing centre
- Authors: Dealtry, Thomas
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sports facilities -- South Africa -- Design and construction Architecture and recreation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23695 , vital:30601
- Description: This treatise addresses the architectural challenge of designing a High Performance Centre (HPC), serving South African Sailing (SAS), to be located in Port Elizabeth’s harbour. Designing a facility which caters speciffically to the functional requirements of sailing racing and recreation will cater to the needs of SAS, whilst upgrading the state of Port Elizabeth’s oceanic recreational facilities, thereby boosting the local tourism sector by establishing Port Elizabeth as South Africa’s watersport capital. The current status of the harbour as an area undergoing a redevelopment from a heavy industrial focus to a recreational and commercial waterfront provides the opportunity for an architectural intervention which spearheads this shift, whilst addressing the postindustrial landscape which remains. A study of the nature of the sport of sailing is conducted in order to determine the requirements of facilities catering for sailing racing and recreation, and to supplement an investigation of the typology of the HPC which, through the study of precedents, clarifies its specific nature and characteristics. This results in the development of a set of site selection criteria, which inform the best possible location for such an intervention within the harbour. In depth contextual analysis is conducted in order to determine role of the harbour within PE’s urban, ecological and historical fabrics, from which the current development plans of the Nelson Mandela Bay Development Agency and Transnet are outlined so as to understand the direction in which the future of the PE harbour is headed, and to align an architectural response with this vision. This analysis sets up a number of contextual constraints and informants which, with the aid of phenomenological concepts of place-making and materiality, the principles architectural responses to post-industrial landscapes, and the nature of the relationship between architecture and water, guide the design process, ensuring an appropriate response to the site.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dealtry, Thomas
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Sports facilities -- South Africa -- Design and construction Architecture and recreation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23695 , vital:30601
- Description: This treatise addresses the architectural challenge of designing a High Performance Centre (HPC), serving South African Sailing (SAS), to be located in Port Elizabeth’s harbour. Designing a facility which caters speciffically to the functional requirements of sailing racing and recreation will cater to the needs of SAS, whilst upgrading the state of Port Elizabeth’s oceanic recreational facilities, thereby boosting the local tourism sector by establishing Port Elizabeth as South Africa’s watersport capital. The current status of the harbour as an area undergoing a redevelopment from a heavy industrial focus to a recreational and commercial waterfront provides the opportunity for an architectural intervention which spearheads this shift, whilst addressing the postindustrial landscape which remains. A study of the nature of the sport of sailing is conducted in order to determine the requirements of facilities catering for sailing racing and recreation, and to supplement an investigation of the typology of the HPC which, through the study of precedents, clarifies its specific nature and characteristics. This results in the development of a set of site selection criteria, which inform the best possible location for such an intervention within the harbour. In depth contextual analysis is conducted in order to determine role of the harbour within PE’s urban, ecological and historical fabrics, from which the current development plans of the Nelson Mandela Bay Development Agency and Transnet are outlined so as to understand the direction in which the future of the PE harbour is headed, and to align an architectural response with this vision. This analysis sets up a number of contextual constraints and informants which, with the aid of phenomenological concepts of place-making and materiality, the principles architectural responses to post-industrial landscapes, and the nature of the relationship between architecture and water, guide the design process, ensuring an appropriate response to the site.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018