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An Analysis of Internet Background Radiation within an African IPv4 netblock

  • Authors: Hendricks, Wadeegh
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Computer networks -- Monitoring –- South Africa , Dark Web , Computer networks -- Security measures –- South Africa , Universities and Colleges -- Computer networks -- Security measures , Malware (Computer software) , TCP/IP (Computer network protocol)
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/103791 , vital:32298
  • Description: The use of passive network sensors has in the past proven to be quite effective in monitoring and analysing the current state of traffic on a network. Internet traffic destined to a routable, yet unused address block is often referred to as Internet Background Radiation (IBR) and characterised as unsolicited. This unsolicited traffic is however quite valuable to researchers in that it allows them to study the traffic patterns in a covert manner. IBR is largely composed of network and port scanning traffic, backscatter packets from virus and malware activity and to a lesser extent, misconfiguration of network devices. This research answers the following two questions: (1) What is the current state of IBR within the context of a South African IP address space and (2) Can any anomalies be detected in the traffic, with specific reference to current global malware attacks such as Mirai and similar. Rhodes University operates five IPv4 passive network sensors, commonly known as network telescopes, each monitoring its own /24 IP address block. The oldest of these network telescopes has been collecting traffic for over a decade, with the newest being established in 2011. This research focuses on the in-depth analysis of the traffic captured by one telescope in the 155/8 range over a 12 month period, from January to December 2017. The traffic was analysed and classified according the protocol, TCP flag, source IP address, destination port, packet count and payload size. Apart from the normal network traffic graphs and tables, a geographic heatmap of source traffic was also created, based on the source IP address. Spikes and noticeable variances in traffic patterns were further investigated and evidence of Mirai like malware activity was observed. Network and port scanning were found to comprise the largest amount of traffic, accounting for over 90% of the total IBR. Various scanning techniques were identified, including low level passive scanning and much higher level active scanning.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An analysis of purple truths: an alternative history of the school of journalism and media studies at Rhodes University. Exploring the possibilities of digital media for telling history through multiple voices

  • Authors: Geldenhuys, Jesamé
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Citizen journalism -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Social media and history -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Public history -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Digital media -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Digital humanities , User-generated content -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Social media -- Authorship , Rhodes University. School of Journalism and Media Studies -- History , Purple Truths
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142293 , vital:38066
  • Description: In theory, notions of public history and participatory journalism signal the ability of users to become active collaborators in the journalistic process with a degree of agency and authority over media content. Similarities in public history and participatory journalism are manifested in audience participation where the traditional and hegemonic boundaries between readers and journalists/historians are challenged. In this thesis, I present Purple Truths, a digital public history website about the School of Journalism and Media Studies at Rhodes University, that highlights multivocality and plurality. It allowed for democratisation of the historical narrative by inviting audience participation to historical inquiry on a digital platform. It was constructed as a case study for the thesis to investigate participatory processes. Using a five-dimensional model developed by Netzer et al. (2014) for the construction of participation on news websites, I identified five major participation features that revealed how and where participation was happening on the website. The features were mapped and tabulated according to Carpentier’s (2011) maximalist/minimalist dimensions of participation (access, interaction and ‘real’) to determine the degrees of participation in this study towards the aim of using the Purple Truths website to democratise the historical narrative. My findings suggest that despite a diversity of strategies, the study did have to rely on existing norms and practices of editorial decision-making, even in the context of digital media, and significant stages of the news-production process (selection/filtering) remained in the hands of researcher/editor. Maximalist participation, demonstrated as equalised power relations in decision-making, has a utopian dimension and is difficult to translate into practice. However, participation research requires further investigation in the digital humanities in South Africa to explore notions of democratisation of the narrative in academic and social praxis as sites of interdisciplinary democratic renewal
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An Analysis of Self-Help Agricultural Projects in Rothe Village, Lesotho

  • Authors: Phiri, Bokang
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Community development -- Lesotho , Rural development -- Lesotho , Rural development projects - Lesotho -- Case studies , Agricultural development projects - Lesotho -- Case studies , Agricultural development projects - Lesotho -- Evaluation , Rural Self-Help Development Association
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144242 , vital:38324
  • Description: The study analysed self-help agricultural projects in Rothe, Lesotho to ascertain whether they improve the quality lives of Rothe villagers. As much as government driven self-help projects in Lesotho contribute to growing the rural economy, there is limited research that looks the sustainability of these interventions. Much of the literature in Lesotho reveal that self-help agricultural projects have focused on people being provided with food-for-work, or cash-for-work, these offered little benefits and temporary relief for hunger for beneficiaries. This study seeks to understand how self-help agricultural projects can sustainable improve the lives of Rothe community in Lesotho. The study drew from Sustainable Livelihoods Approach to understand self-help agricultural projects in Rothe, Lesotho. The study employed a qualitative case study approach, supplemented by purposive and snowball sampling methods and semi-structured interviews to select and interview self-help project beneficiaries and Field Officers of RSDA in Rothe Village. The findings revealed that self-help agricultural projects are alternative development interventions for improving the quality lives of poor rural villagers. These development interventions enable people to access livelihoods resources, assets, and social capitals that are important to improve, and sustain livelihoods. Additionally, they improve capabilities of the poor, and contribute to their overall development. The thesis concludes that these development interventions have a role to play in alleviating rural poverty lives as a way to ensure equitable distribution of resources. The study recommends that the government, people on the ground and RSDA should work together to strengthen people’s capabilities through self-help agricultural projects to promote welfare and well-being of rural people.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An analysis of South Africa’s food security policy frameworks from a food sovereignty perspective: challenges and implications for genuine long-term food security

  • Authors: Hoepfl, Jason
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Food sovereignty -- South Africa , Food security -- South Africa , Food security -- Government policy -- South Africa , Food security -- Climatic factors -- South Africa , Food policy -- Government policy -- South Africa , Agriculture and state -- South Africa , Food industry and trade -- Government policy -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSci
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162851 , vital:40990
  • Description: Food price volatility, ecological shocks and unprecedented levels of hunger and obesity are increasing concerns within food security governance, as is the emergence of food sovereignty in broadening critical discussions around food, water, energy and environmental crises. This thesis analyses this changing terrain in the context of South African policy. It analyses shifts in policymaking and the capability of South Africa’s food security policy frameworks to include food sovereignty principles and in so doing support genuine long-term food security. A shift in policy priorities from household production, trade and income opportunities towards social safety nets and nutritional interventions is identified. This focus is constrained by an inability to affect structural changes within a deeply inequitable food landscape. An emphasis on commercial farming and unwillingness to challenge large agribusiness, value chains and corporate retail has enabled social differentiation in access to food and the country’s colonial land dispensation to continue. Consequently, markets have continued to be antipathetic to the needs of poor producers and consumers in South Africa. To overcome these structural constraints, food security policy needs to be framed within a more radical normative agenda. This is important for challenging inequitable power relations and asserting the social and ecological imperatives of healthy food systems. Food sovereignty has significant potential to support a normative agenda by supporting the multiple farming practices, enterprises and livelihood strategies pursued by poor farmers, the unemployed and working poor whilst preserving sensitive environments for future generations. Determining the future of food security is not the privilege of the few with economic clout or power to govern but the right of all. The incorporation of food sovereignty principles in policymaking is therefore paramount for achieving genuine long-term food security.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An analysis of South Africa’s readiness for analogue to digital terrestrial television migration by July, 2020

  • Authors: Jikela, Qaqamba
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Digital television -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48180 , vital:40518
  • Description: The 2006 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio World Conference treaty concluded that all countries should migrate from analogue to digital terrestrial television by June 2015, starting with region one countries, comprising Africa, Europe, the Middle East and the Republic of Iran (Agona & Otim, 2012). South Africa, as part of region one, developed a migration policy, Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) regulations, and initiated a process of migrating from Analogue Terrestrial Television (ATT) to Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) to meet the deadline. South Africa, however, missed the June 2015 deadline due to a number of challenges, including a lack of infrastructure readiness, South African citizens’ unawareness and government politics, and the deadline has since been extended by ITU to July, 2020 (African Telecommunications Union, 2018). The purpose of this research is to explore the technology adoption model (TAM) to address challenges associated with digital terrestrial television migration, and analyse the readiness of South Africa to migrate. TAM is a model used by researchers to understand the behavior and perception of users in new technology adoption (Fayad & Paper, 2015). Quantitative research is conducted to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The research was undertaken through the use of an online questionnaire with a sample of South African citizen's. A sample of 60 -150 citizens, comprising middle and senior managers of the broadcasting industry was used for the purpose of this research. Digital television offers many benefits for broadcasters, network operators, spectrum regulators, and consumers. In most countries, the transition was slower than expected, even though most European countries managed to migrate. The digital migration is not an easy transition and analogue switch-off can also be much more difficult. Studies have shown that analogue switch off (ASO) needs to be carefully planned and well budgeted for, and it also needs a good publicity campaign which must involve all relevant stakeholders, such as broadcasters, viewers, manufacturers, network operators, manufacturers and retailers. Even though studies conducted previously identified obstacles of digital migration to include; a) lack of awareness b) lack of information, c) influence of politics and d) influence of corruptLack of information and influence of corruption seem to have strong correlation with DTT migration, so these are areas that need additional attention. Studies have shown that the African continent is struggling with meeting the digital migration deadline and is progressing very slowly. It is therefore advisable for the African continent to do a thorough analysis of how other countries managed to migrate successfully. Most African countries are struggling with the migration of television broadcasting from analogue terrestrial television to digital terrestrial television. This is caused mainly by lack of information and lack of awareness. Even though most South African people have heard about digital terrestrial television, they are not equipped for the migration. To sensitise viewers, as major stakeholders of digital migration, will play an important role. It is important that the South African Government should get a buy in from all relevant stakeholders as soon as possible. Broadcasters, including the national signal broadcaster (SABC), community broadcaster, commercial broadcasters, Sentech LTD and government should coordinate in establishing vigorous DTT awareness campaigns to educate viewers. These will encourage buy in from viewers and, as a result, drive dual illumination costs down, saving the county money. South Africa need to fast-track the implementation of digital migration to prevent incurring financial losses due to supporting two terrestrial television networks. Even though studies show that most challenges associated with digital migration are common throughout the world. It would, therefore, be logical for South Africa to take the best practices from developed countries that have successfully migrated and are already broadcasting in digital. Lastly, digital terrestrial television migration is dependent on set-up box approval, manufacturing and affordability. In order to ensure that set-up box prices are affordable for South African consumers, it is recommended that these boxes must be 100% manufactured in South Africa. This will drive costs down and ensure good, total quality assurance. It will also mean that the required skills are developed and maintained locally to position South Africa better for future technology developments. Successful digital television migration would be a great milestone for South Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An Analysis of the Impact of Industry 4.0 on the Motor Industry in the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Dorothy, Liesel
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Motor vehicle industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape.
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47721 , vital:40329
  • Description: Over the past decade we have noted the accelerated development in information technology which has resulted in the internet moving from merely connecting people via computers to its connections now being extended to connect virtually everything. It has changed the daily lives of humans, from how we communicate with each other and drive our vehicles to how we work as well. These advancements in technology have created smart technologies which give organisations and countries a competitive advantage when implemented. Developed countries in Europe and North America have invested significant sums of money in order to speed up the implementation of industry 4.0 given the benefits that can be derived from it. Literature on industry 4.0 is on the rise, however not many studies have been conducted in Africa or South Africa. The purpose of this research is to analyse the impact that industry 4.0 technologies have on the operational performance of an organisation in the automotive industry in the Eastern Cape in South Africa. The effects of these technologies on the operational performance of an organisation will be assessed on the key performance measures of: speed, flexibility, quality, delivery dependability and cost. The study also seeks to define a guideline for organisations to use who wish to implement these technologies into their operations. A literature review on the subject was conducted as well as an empirical investigation. The results from both the literature review and the empirical investigation found that the operational performance of an organisation improves with the implementation of technology.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An analysis of the public reporting of organisational resilience found within the integrated reports of a large state-owned enterprise

  • Authors: Fleming, Linda
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Organizational resilience , Eskom (Firm) -- Management
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141276 , vital:37958
  • Description: This research explored whether there is any evidence of reporting of organisational resilience within the integrated reports of a large state-owned enterprise. The organisation chosen for the research was Eskom. The integrated annual reports of Eskom for 2016, 2017 and 2018 were examined. Direct and indirect evidence of organisational resilience was sought within the organisations integrated reports. The direct reporting of organisational resilience was located by using a PDF word search. A thematic content analysis was used to perform the search for indirect reporting of organisational resilience. Three main themes to represent organisational resilience that were identified beforehand were used to identify the indirect reporting of organisational resilience. Namely, transformability, adaptability and persistence. Sub themes of general and specified resilience were also identified during the research process. The literature review discusses the themes in detail, and also introduces communication and integrated reporting. Evidence of both direct and indirect organisational resilience was identified in all three years studied. Evidence of all the main themes and sub themes was found within the indirect reporting of organisational resilience. The main limitation of the study is that although evidence of reporting of organisational resilience was found, this evidence does not provide any indications of the level of organisational resilience within Eskom. A number of recommendations to Eskom management are made at the end of the research. What is interesting is that integrated reports are not designed to report on organisational resilience. However, the research showed clear evidence of reporting of organisational resilience within all three years researched. Potentially indicating that the integrated annual reports are a useful method of sharing information regarding organisational resilience with stakeholders. An additional benefit is that communication with stakeholders is simultaneously contributing to the enhancement of the organisations resilience.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An anthropoligical Inquiry on knowledge and understanding of Diabetes: a cultural analysis of knowledge construction amongst the youth in Humewood, Port Elizabeth

  • Authors: Bota, Zizipho
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Diabetes -- Port Elizabeth --South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46659 , vital:39606
  • Description: The study sought to inquire about the youth’s knowledge and understanding of diabetes in relation to its different types with regards to determined societal components such as education, culture, healthcare and socioeconomic status. It then became important to establish what the youth in Humewood, Port Elizabeth, understand about diabetes in relation to its three different types with regard to education, culture, healthcare and socioeconomic status in Humewood, Port Elizabeth. Previous studies have failed to inquire about knowledge construction and understanding of diabetes in Port Elizabeth, this provided an opportunity to do so, especially since diabetes is growing rapidly and is a lifelong illness. Most studies tend to focus on disseminating information to those that already have diabetes, overlooking the importance of diabetes education as a preventative strategy. The research followed a qualitative approach which included semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews as a method of data collection amongst ten participants using convenience sampling. The data revealed the importance of diabetes education and representation, and showed that financial standing and healthcare are interconnected. Complex inferiorities and social stratification hinder the betterment of the general welfare and therefore signifying social injustice. This research is an important contribution to medical anthropology in the context of Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An appraisal and critique of land redistribution approaches in South Africa

An archetypical analysis of chief executive officers in the mining sector according to their remuneration and company performance: a resource based view

  • Authors: King, Matthew Sebastian
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Executives -- Salaries, etc. -- South Africa , Directors of corporations -- Salaries, etc. -- South Africa , Mining corporations -- Salaries, etc. -- South Africa , Mines and mineral resources -- Management
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168503 , vital:41589
  • Description: The growth in the mining sector post 1994 saw many CEO s enjoy exorbitant levels of financial prosperity particularly in relation to th e mining workforce . The pay disparity between the remuneration of CEO s and the average worker contributed to instability and labour unrest. While there has been extensive research conducted on the relationship between CEO remuneration and company performance, questions around the justification of exorbitant CEO remuneration levels have persisted. One of the shortcomings of these studies have been understanding company performance as limited to financial indicators. For this reason, Resource - Based theory was used in this study to focus on CEOs as tangible, heterogeneous and immobile assets, who could influence company performance by creating a firm’s competitive advantage. In order to investigate this, a mixed - method research design was utilised to ascertain the relationship between CEO remune ration and company performance. The data for the quantitative study was collected using an archival method by sourcing secondary data obtained from the sampled companie s’ annual integrated reports. Statistical tests were performed to test the relationsh ip between CEO remuneration and company performance of mining companies listed on the JSE over the period of 2014 to 2018. This was followed by the qualitative thematic analysis which utilised online information published about four CEOs sampled according to their pay/performance relationships (namely high earning/high performing; high earning/low performing; low earning/high performing and low earning/low performing). The VRIO framework was utilised in conjunction with the thematic analysis to assess the extent to which each of the selected CEOs could be identified as valuable, rare, inimitable and organised. Finally, t he demographic characteristics and leadership attributes of these CEOs were collectiv ely aligned to particular l eadership archetype s. This study found that despite company performance levels experiencing negative growth and volatility, CEO remuneration remained stable and experienced positive growth throughout the period . The qualitative analysis and the application of the VRIO framework wa s conducted in order to explor e reasons why this disparity may continue to exist. The analysis of the differences in demographic characteristics and leadership attributes between these four CEOs provided a possible j ustification for the disparity in t he levels of remuneration. It was found that some CEOs high levels of remuneration could be justified by virtue of their well - developed leadership skills. In particular CEOs need softer skills (such as communication, openness, relationship - building and stakeholder engagement) and to draw on the communicator, builder and coach archetypes in order to create a sustained competitive advantage within companies.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An assessment of temporal changes in selective biological characteristics of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii d’Órbigny, 1845)

  • Authors: Mmethi, Mpho Audrey
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Loligo reynaudii , Squids -- Morphology , Squids -- South Africa , Squid fisheries -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143516 , vital:38253
  • Description: The biological characteristics of chokka squid, Loligo reynaudii, sampled off the south coast of South Africa, were compared between 1994 and 2017 to ascertain any temporal changes using analysis of length frequency (LF) data over 15 years (1996–2017), and mantle length (ML) and total weight (TW) relationships over 9 years (1994–2016). To investigate feeding, two caecum colours were chosen for analysis (white: no food ingested, and yellow: six to seven hours after food ingestion). Other factors were kept constant throughout: similar sampling period of 60 days in spring-summer, similar depths and areas sampled, and identical maturity stage. Anecdotal evidence from fishers suggested that the length frequency and ML_TW relationship of chokka have changed over years, with possibilities to be linked to fishing activities and environmental conditions. Also, there is evidence in the published literature that both fisheries and environment may influence length distributions in populations of fish and cephalopods over time. The results from this study showed no significant differences between length frequencies over the time series. However, a significant decrease in length frequencies between 2014 and 2016 was noted when paired data was analysed by Anova (2014:2015, 2014:2016 and 2015:2016), which was initially noted in kernel density, Figure 2, hence an additional analysis was done. These changes were not linked to sea temperature (at 9 m, 14 m, 18 m, and 21 m depth strata), with not significant (P>0.05) results when temperature was analysed by t-test between 2002 and 2015. There was also a weak correlation between length frequency and the total squid catch in a given year (F Statistic (df = 1; 13) is 3.686 and 5.394 for males and females respectively, R² is 0.221 for males and 0.293 for females), but too weak to interpret, given the lack of other supporting data and the short time series. The ML_TW relationship showed no significant trends between the years for either sex. There was also no correlation between the ML_TW and total squid catch or temperature. A white caecum occurred significantly more often in males than in females (dof = 1; p < 0.05) from General Linear Model (GLM), indicating that the presence of non-feeding males in the spawning grounds may be linked to the behaviour of spawning squid.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An assessment of the effectiveness of the Crossways Farm Village constructed wetland in the treatment of domestic wastewater

  • Authors: Silbernagl, Ryan
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Crossways Farm Village FWS wetland (South Africa)-- Management , Sewage -- Purification -- South Africa , Wetland management -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145011 , vital:38400
  • Description: A mass balance study was conducted comparing inflowing and outflowing solute loads in order to calculate the treatment efficiency of a free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland used to treat domestic wastewater following primary treatment in an anaerobic reactor and oxidation in a rotating biological contractor. Water samples were taken at six locations down the length of the treatment system and analysed for nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphorus as phosphate (PO4-P). Flow was determined using two V notch weirs combined with pressure transducers based on an empirically derived stage-discharge relationship. The concentration of each solute (g.m-3) multiplied by flow (m3.day-1) provides a measurement of the mass of each solute entering and leaving the treatment wetland such that the difference (inflow – outflow) indicates the nett storage in, or loss from, the wetland. In order to determine the water balance, apart from measuring surface inflows and outflows, rainfall was measured using an onsite rain gauge. Evapotranspirational losses were determined using the Penman-Monteith equation based on weather data collected at an onsite weather station. Other than water that entered the wetland via the primary water treatment works, surface inflows could be ignored as the wetland was sealed with a plastic liner, which also prevented groundwater inflow and outflow. Wetland outputs via surface outflow and evapotranspiration were then subtracted from wetland inputs to determine the water balance over the study period. Approximately 10.5% of water inputs into the hydrological mass balance calculation was not accounted for, which is considered to be accounted for by inaccuracy associated with the estimation of evapotranspiration and possibly by differences in water levels in the wetland at the start and end of the experiment. Total input, output and storage of NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N and PO4-P was calculated from April 2016 to September 2016 to give the treatment efficiency of the FWS wetland system. Results showed a 91.5% reduction in NO3-N, 76.6% reduction in NH4-N, and 88.8% reduction in PO4P between the inflow and outflow. Wetland sediment and vegetation (Typha capensis) samples were also analysed for nitrogen and phosphorus content to give an estimate of nutrient stocks/storage accumulated in plant tissues and sediments over the lifespan of the wetland. Standing stock calculations showed that a total of 450.1kg of nitrogen is stored in the wetlands, of which 69.3kg is stored in wetland sediments. Wetland phosphorus retention was found to be significantly lower with a total of 57.1kg of phosphorus, of which 77.4% was stored in sediments, indicating that wetland sediments comprise the largest store and therefore removal pathway of nutrients in the Crossways Farm Village FWS wetland.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An audience perception of pentecostal churches’ television programmes on star times and dstv in lagos, Nigeria

  • Authors: Olaoye, Adewale Titus
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Religious broadcasting -- Christianity Television in religion Mass media in religion
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Communication)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11418 , vital:39070
  • Description: Pentecostal churches in Nigeria are leveraging traditional and new media technologies such as cable or digital satellite television, to broadcast services and programmes to their regular and a growing community of virtual worshippers. Critics of this type of religious outreach now known as televangelism have challenged its predominant, if not exclusive focus on miracle and prosperity message. Using the mixed-method research design involving focus group discussions, key informant interviews and a survey of 255 respondents, this study sought to ascertain Lagos audiences‘ perceptions of Pentecostal Television programmes on two satellite stations, Start Times and DSTV. The findings revealed that audience members perceive Pentecostal churches programme as primarily focused on converting the audience members to the Christian faith. The result revealed that miracle sessions are a common feature of televangelism. Respondents see the miracles as manipulations largely intended to woo and often, hoodwink audience members. The findings revealed that although some of the Pentecostal churches‘ programmes dwell more on the word of God compared to the mainline churches, the programmes and teachings, however, often tended to promote the leadership of the church and not the gospel of Christ. Generally, the study indicates the majority of the audience members are aware of and identify with the atrocities the Pentecostal Churches are accused of perpetrating through their TV programmes. The findings revealed poor awareness and knowledge about the role of the Nigeria Broadcasting Corporation (NBC). The results suggest participants do not believe the NBC is living up to its responsibilities. The findings of this study highlight the need for the NBC, the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) and Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria (PFN) to work together in formulating new regulations for controlling religious broadcast on television, Pentecostal TV broadcasts, in particular. This is the only way to safeguard vulnerable members of the audience from being manipulated and brainwashed.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An educational intervention for professional nurses on the use of surgical attire in the prevention of surgical site infections in the operating theatres

  • Authors: Alayemi, Joshua
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Surgical wound infections -- Prevention , Surgical nursing Operating room nursing
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47937 , vital:40454
  • Description: Infection control and prevention is an issue that is of utmost importance to every health practitioner, including professional nurses, as patients who undergo surgeries could develop sepsis, leading to failure of multiple organs and possibly death. Surgical site infections acquired from operating theatres are often introduced when there is lack of application of and adherence to the necessary control measures, sterile principles and techniques, including the appropriate use of surgical attire. This study aimed to contextualize, implement and evaluate an existing educational intervention regarding the use of surgical attire in operating theatres, in order to establish whether the educational intervention enhanced the practices of professional nurses in operating theatres regarding the use of surgical attire. A quantitative research design, using a quasi-experimental two-group pre-test, post-test intervention approach was employed for the study. The study consisted of three phases. Phase 1 consisted of the administration of the pre-test questionnaire relating to Objective One: “To explore and describe the practices of professional nurses on the use of surgical attire in the prevention of surgical site infections in operating theatres”. Phase 2 consisted of the contextualization and implementation of the educational intervention, which related to Objective Two: “To contextualize and implement an educational intervention for professional nurses on the use of surgical attire in the prevention of surgical site infections in operating theatres”. Phase 3 consisted of the administration of the posttest questionnaire, which related to Objective Three: “To evaluate whether an educational intervention regarding the use of surgical attire in the prevention of surgical site infections in operating theatres enhanced professional nurses’ practices”. The study is underpinned by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation (PARiHS) framework. The research sample consisted of all professional nurses working in the public and private operating theatres in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. Purposive sampling was used to select the hospitals in control (Hospitals 2 and 3) and intervention groups (Hospitals 4 and 5), ensuring an equal number of public and private hospitals in each group. Data was collected through self-administered pre- and post-questionnaires. An existing educational intervention based on the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN’s) guidelines was contextualized through review by three professional nurses with a specialty in operating theatre. The educational intervention was implemented for the intervention group, while the control group only received the summary of the AORN guidelines. Reliability and validity were ensured through the conduct of a pilot study, and expert review by three professional nurses with a specialty in operating theatre in order to check the validity and reliability of the data collection instrument and educational intervention. The data collection instrument was also reviewed by a statistician. Ethical clearance and permission was obtained from the relevant institutions. The following ethical principles were adhered to during the study: justice, respect and beneficence. The overall score of pre-test and post-test questionnaires for the control group revealed means of 3.96 and 4.01, with a standard deviation of 0.40 and 0.38, with a difference of -0.06 and a degree of freedom of 59. The overall score of the pre-test and post-test of the intervention group revealed means of 3.68 and 4.22, a standard deviation of 0.47 and 0.36, with a difference of -0.53, degree of freedom of 61 and a large significance difference of Cohen’s d= 1.26. This means that the educational intervention had a positive effect in terms of improving the professional nurses’ practices on the use of surgical attire to prevent surgical site infections in operating theatres. Recommendations for education, practice as well as future research were provided.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An effort to study the influence of tides on the longitudinal variation of vertical E× B drift over the African sector:

  • Authors: Habyarimana, Valence , Habarulema, John B , Mungufeni, Patrick , Uwamahoro, Jean C
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149026 , vital:38797 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105338
  • Description: Meteorological processes such as tides influence ionospheric variability through vertical coupling. For the first time, we have used data from Communication Navigation Outage and Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite from 2008–2015 to develop a Neural Network (NN) vertical E×B drift model over the African region, with inclusion of a proxy of tides as one of the inputs together with other physical and geophysical inputs. Two models (with and without tidal proxy input) were developed for both East and West African sectors. To derive the tidal proxy, we first calculate the 60-day running means per year which were subtracted from the actual vertical E×B drift measurements to obtain a set of residuals. The purpose of the subtraction was to remove long-term trends in vertical E×B drift that could potentially alias into tides.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An ergonomics approach to understanding perceived barriers to the provision of high-quality healthcare: a Sarah Baartman District clinics case study

  • Authors: Card, Jason
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Medical care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170536 , vital:41933
  • Description: Background:The complex nature of healthcare systemsoftenresultsinthe emergence of context-specific barriers that limit the ability for healthcare stakeholders to ensure safe and effective care delivery. In low-to middle-income (LMIC) countries, such as South Africa (SA), limited financial, material and human resources coupled withpoor infrastructure and poor public health determinants, includingpoverty andpoor education, affectthe ability to maintain andimprove on quality care outcomes.Understanding what different stakeholders perceive as barriers, and if these barriers are understood at different levels, is therefore important when attempting to mitigate the risk for unsafe or inefficient care delivery. Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) adoptssystems and participatory approaches for the exploration, analysis, and design of socio-technical systems to optimize both human wellbeing and system performance.The barriers to safe and effective healthcare delivery, from an HFE perspective, are not known in the South African context, particularly in parts of the Eastern Cape Province. Elucidatingthesebarriers, even if self-reported,may guidefuture efforts aimed at mitigating risks.The purpose of this study, therefore,wasto explore and highlight the perceived systemic barriers to local and national healthcare delivery, within the Sarah Baartman District in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.Methods: Ashort discussion aimed at introducing HFE and components of the Work Systems Model, followed by a survey that captured participant demographics, job characteristics, the perceived national and local systemic barriers, and proposed solutions, was administered withhealthcare stakeholders from 14 primary healthcare facilities and 1 department office within the Sarah Baartman District.Participants (n=120) included management, pharmacy, administration, maintenance, community-and home-based care and nursing staff.Data from the surveys were thematically analysed and categorised according to components of the work system model (Carayon, 2009) and respective workgroup.Results: The findings revealed many overlapping,systemic barriersthat includedshortages of staff, poor management and leadership, a lack of equipmentand basic necessities, poor infrastructure, patient complexity,and high workloads. The results further indicate that the way in which the reported barriers affect worksystem interactionsand performance are unique to different workgroups. Stakeholders iiproposedthat,among others, the absorption of contract workers, the provision of training and adequate human and medical resources and the maintenance of facilities may mitigate the barriers and improve healthcare delivery.Conclusion: The findings highlight a myriad of perceived systemic barriers perceived in the Sarah Baartman district, some of which were fundamental for the effective function of any healthcare system. These barriers may have wide-spread implications for stakeholders at all levels, ultimately affecting the performance, satisfaction and safety and the quality of care. It is especially important to consider these barriers in light of the COVID-19 epidemic, which emerged throughout this study and the major threat it presents to South African healthcare systems. Future research should aim to explore how these barriers interact to contribute to processes and outcomes, as well as explore the perceptions at provincial and national levels in order to better identify areas and strategies for improvement.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An evaluation of programme management with reference to inner -city problem buildings: The case of Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality ,South Africa

  • Authors: Conradie, Hendrik Francois , Shaidi,Walter
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Finance,Public --South Africa --Port Elizabeth
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46670 , vital:39607
  • Description: This research study is qualitative and cross-sectional in nature. Programme management by South African city governments is investigated and evaluated, as related to inner-city decay and problem (derelict; hijacked; dilapidated; overcrowded) buildings. A case study approach, focusing on the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, is utilised to understand the phenomenon, and to answer the research question. The significant challenge of inner-city and central business district problem buildings in major South African cities has prompted the study; no scientific research has previously been conducted or published on this topic The study started out with this research question, asked in a case study context: to what extent are programmes dealing with inner-city problem buildings and decay managed effectively by city government in South Africa? In the literature review the researcher focused on programme management theory, emphasising the usefulness of project management principles and practice in public sector programme management contexts. In a subsequent chapter the applicable constitutional and legislative frameworks were presented. The researcher developed, as outcome, strategic remedial legal options available to city governments when dealing with transgressing owners of problematic buildings. Problem building by-laws were dealt with in detail. A qualitative research approach, including semi-structured in-depth interviews with political and managerial leaders at the case study city government, assisted the researcher in effective data generation. Data analysis was performed with vigour, based on thematic content analysis.relevant coding practices were utilised in analysis and interpretation of data.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An evaluation of social sustainability practices in an agri-based private company in the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Ferreira, Anton William
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Social responsibility of business -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food law and legislation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Private plot agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Employee rights -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Employee attitude surveys -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Communication in personnel management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/122920 , vital:35371
  • Description: The concept of sustainability has received considerable attention over the last few decades (Scoones, 2007). International awareness and demands for sustainable development have pushed the sustainable narrative into the forefront of developmental goals. The Brundtland Report of 1987, released by the United Nations entitled “Our Common Future” resulted in the classic modern definition of sustainable development. Agriculture is the primary source of food, shelter and fibre for the world and therefore has a leading role to play in the realisation of a sustainable future (Van Calker, Berentsen, Giesen and Huirne, 2005). Most sustainability research in agriculture has adopted a particular scale and dimension, leading to a host of definitions and methodologies for its assessment (Hayati, 2017, Janker and Mann, 2018, Latruffe, Diazabakana, Bockstaller, Desjeux and Finn, 2016, Smith and McDonald, 1998). Different approaches to assessing sustainable agriculture have developed in hand with various conceptual methods resulting in a lack of a common understanding of what sustainable agriculture means (Janker and Mann, 2018, Smith and McDonald, 1998). Agriculture has a leading role to play in sustainable development in the South African context; however, commercial agriculture in South Africa has been associated with human rights violations as well as unsustainable social practices and exploitation of employees (Mather, 2007, Muller, Vermeulen and Glasbergen, 2012b). This research was conducted in an agri-processing company that had expanded rapidly and been experiencing high absenteeism and increased conflict in the work environment in an attempt to identify how many of the chosen indicators of on-farm internal social sustainability were present in the company. The literature review helped to contextualise the subject of sustainability, agricultural sustainability, agricultural social sustainability and various methods for assessing agricultural sustainability. The subject of agriculture social sustainability within the South African context was expanded upon, and a framework was selected from the literature to develop the aims of this research. The Barrientos and Visser (2013) framework had been utilised in evaluating social sustainability in the South African agricultural context before, and when compared with relevant literature was deemed appropriate for this research. Through the use of a case study approach, thirty employees were interviewed on a one on one basis with close ended questions. Data was collected through the use of an odd-numbered Likert scale and simple descriptive statistics were used to answer questions regarding which socially sustainable on-farm internal indicators, identified in the literature and in the chosen framework, occurred in the company in question. The research looked to further critically evaluate the aspects of social sustainability that were implemented by the company and discuss the challenges relating to those identified indicators that were not implemented. Finally, the research made recommendations to improve the on-farm internal social sustainability of the company in question. The results of this research showed that out of the ten indicators of on-farm internal social sustainability that were relevant in the framework, five were present in the company in question and five were absent. Those indicators that were present were: contracts, wages, benefits, communication with management and adequate representation. Indicators that were not present included health and safety, employee wellbeing, the level of discrimination, the level of harsh treatment and employee decision making. It was apparent from the results that there are many challenges to implementing on-farm internal socially sustainable policies and practices in the company. Chief amongst these challenges was communication with employees concerning policies that have been implemented and the information that is available to the employees regarding these policies. The company at the centre of this research should ensure that policies are put in place that helps to convey information to employees and ensure that the policies are implemented efficiently and effectively. It was recommended that the company initiate a Human Resources division that would be responsible for communication and the implementation of policies to increase on-farm internal social sustainability. By increasing social sustainability in the workplace, the company should be able to increase its efficiencies and effectiveness in a competitive global market. The researcher is aware that the findings of this research are not generalizable and are specific to the company in question both in terms of scale and location. Further research is needed to determine the impact of individual indicators and the weighting of each indicator in a specific environment. Further research should be conducted in a company that is in a similar industry and has similar staff demographics to the company at the centre of this research, as the scale of measure will influence the results.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An evaluation of the cytotoxic activities of novel artemisinin derivatives: towards targeted therapies for triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC)

  • Authors: Kajewole, Deborah Ifeoluwa
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Uncatalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: thesis , text , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163329 , vital:41029 , doi:10.21504/10962/163329
  • Description: Thesis (PhD)--Rhodes University, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2020.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

An evaluation of the effectiveness of communication between the education district office and schools in Nelson Mandela Bay

  • Authors: Brown, Xenophon
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Communication in organizations , Communication in management
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50491 , vital:42203
  • Description: This study focuses on an evaluation of communication effectiveness between the school administration office in Nelson Mandela Bay and its representative schools in advancing the business case of school development and heightened learner experience in line with the national development goal. The research uses a qualitative research approach to gather rich insights into the challenges, opportunities and problems that heighten and affect the quality of communication methods, channels and the roles of communication that the interviewed stakeholders representing both the district and schools depict and understand within the communication processes and methods used. Fourteen interviewees were identified using a judgemental and purposive sampling technique. They were identified from the Nelson Mandela Bay district office and schools within the district. Findings from the study reveal that the critical areas of concern include the roles of communication, stakeholder roles in the communication process, methods of communication, and challenges in communication effectiveness. While schools and the district office share the responsibility for providing quality education, it is critical that an effective communication strategy, which embraces computer-mediated communication as a supplementary tool, should be adopted to ensure that this shared mandate could be achieved.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2020
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