Marx, Weber and NGOs:
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144738 , vital:38375 , DOI: 10.1080/21528586.2007.10419171
- Description: This article offers a sociological understanding of intermediary NGOs in the modern world. In does so by drawing on certain epistemological insights of Marx and Weber, and this entails methodologies of both deconstruction and reconstruction. In arguing against a sociological behaviourism that pervades the NGO literature, the article conceptualises intermediary NGOs as a ‘social form’ embodying contradictory relations. For analytical purposes, the contradiction between ‘the global’ and ‘the local’ is brought to the fore.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144738 , vital:38375 , DOI: 10.1080/21528586.2007.10419171
- Description: This article offers a sociological understanding of intermediary NGOs in the modern world. In does so by drawing on certain epistemological insights of Marx and Weber, and this entails methodologies of both deconstruction and reconstruction. In arguing against a sociological behaviourism that pervades the NGO literature, the article conceptualises intermediary NGOs as a ‘social form’ embodying contradictory relations. For analytical purposes, the contradiction between ‘the global’ and ‘the local’ is brought to the fore.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Maternity Protection: discussion document 27-29 March 2012
- Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
- Authors: Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: book , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68729 , vital:29309
- Description: Developed with the support of Solidarity Center (AFL-CIO) South Africa We would like to thank the COSATU Affiliates and Provinces for their contribution towards the development of this booklet. Special appreciation goes to the members of the COSATU National Gender Coordinating Committee (NGCC) and National Office Bearers designated to gender for their unwavering support towards the production of this booklet. Also our special gratitude goes to the following organisations who contributed towards compiling and development of the booklet:- • Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) • Gina Barbieri Attorneys • Legal Resource Centre(LRC) • African Diaspora Women Workers Network(ADWWN) • South African Self Employed Women’s Association(SASEWA) • International Labour Organisation (ILO).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: book , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68729 , vital:29309
- Description: Developed with the support of Solidarity Center (AFL-CIO) South Africa We would like to thank the COSATU Affiliates and Provinces for their contribution towards the development of this booklet. Special appreciation goes to the members of the COSATU National Gender Coordinating Committee (NGCC) and National Office Bearers designated to gender for their unwavering support towards the production of this booklet. Also our special gratitude goes to the following organisations who contributed towards compiling and development of the booklet:- • Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) • Gina Barbieri Attorneys • Legal Resource Centre(LRC) • African Diaspora Women Workers Network(ADWWN) • South African Self Employed Women’s Association(SASEWA) • International Labour Organisation (ILO).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Microbial monitoring of surface water in South Africa: an overview
- Luyt, Catherine D, Tandlich, Roman, Muller, Wilhelmine J, Wilhelmi, Brendan S
- Authors: Luyt, Catherine D , Tandlich, Roman , Muller, Wilhelmine J , Wilhelmi, Brendan S
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71636 , vital:29927 , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9082669
- Description: Infrastructural problems force South African households to supplement their drinking water consumption from water resources of inadequate microbial quality. Microbial water quality monitoring is currently based on the Colilert®18 system which leads to rapidly available results. Using Escherichia coli as the indicator microorganism limits the influence of environmental sources on the reported results. The current system allows for understanding of long-term trends of microbial surface water quality and the related public health risks. However, rates of false positive for the Colilert®18-derived concentrations have been reported to range from 7.4% to 36.4%. At the same time, rates of false negative results vary from 3.5% to 12.5%; and the Colilert medium has been reported to provide for cultivation of only 56.8% of relevant strains. Identification of unknown sources of faecal contamination is not currently feasible. Based on literature review, calibration of the antibiotic-resistance spectra of Escherichia coli or the bifidobacterial tracking ratio should be investigated locally for potential implementation into the existing monitoring system. The current system could be too costly to implement in certain areas of South Africa where the modified H2S strip test might be used as a surrogate for the Colilert®18.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Luyt, Catherine D , Tandlich, Roman , Muller, Wilhelmine J , Wilhelmi, Brendan S
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71636 , vital:29927 , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9082669
- Description: Infrastructural problems force South African households to supplement their drinking water consumption from water resources of inadequate microbial quality. Microbial water quality monitoring is currently based on the Colilert®18 system which leads to rapidly available results. Using Escherichia coli as the indicator microorganism limits the influence of environmental sources on the reported results. The current system allows for understanding of long-term trends of microbial surface water quality and the related public health risks. However, rates of false positive for the Colilert®18-derived concentrations have been reported to range from 7.4% to 36.4%. At the same time, rates of false negative results vary from 3.5% to 12.5%; and the Colilert medium has been reported to provide for cultivation of only 56.8% of relevant strains. Identification of unknown sources of faecal contamination is not currently feasible. Based on literature review, calibration of the antibiotic-resistance spectra of Escherichia coli or the bifidobacterial tracking ratio should be investigated locally for potential implementation into the existing monitoring system. The current system could be too costly to implement in certain areas of South Africa where the modified H2S strip test might be used as a surrogate for the Colilert®18.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Mobile: the challenge of a unique new space for journalism: have you got your mojo?
- Authors: Malila, Vanessa
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159517 , vital:40304 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC135832
- Description: The speed with which technology is improving in the mobile communications market is widening the scope for opportunity to engage with audiences, provide information and capture their attention for that little while longer. Current technology such as 3G wireless technologies, which allow for high-speed data transmission, and access to multimedia content, as well as smart phones and tablet computers have already illustrated the potential for users to access information that is tailored to mobile devices and available anywhere.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Malila, Vanessa
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159517 , vital:40304 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC135832
- Description: The speed with which technology is improving in the mobile communications market is widening the scope for opportunity to engage with audiences, provide information and capture their attention for that little while longer. Current technology such as 3G wireless technologies, which allow for high-speed data transmission, and access to multimedia content, as well as smart phones and tablet computers have already illustrated the potential for users to access information that is tailored to mobile devices and available anywhere.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Molecular catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction by iron porphyrin catalysts tethered into Nafion layers
- He, Qinggang, Mugadza, Tawanda, Kang, Xiongwu, Zhu, Xiaobing, Chen, Shaowei, Kerr, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: He, Qinggang , Mugadza, Tawanda , Kang, Xiongwu , Zhu, Xiaobing , Chen, Shaowei , Kerr, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243168 , vital:51123 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.043"
- Description: This study was motivated by the need for improved understanding of the kinetics and transport phenomena in a homogeneous catalyst system for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Direct interaction between the sulfonic groups of Nafion and an Fe(III) meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine chloride (Fe(III)TMPyP) compound was observed using FTIR and in situ UV–Vis spectroelectrochemical characterizations. A positive shift of the half wave potential value (E1/2) for ORR on the iron porphyrin catalyst (Fe(III)TMPyP) was observed upon addition of a specific quantity of Nafion ionomer on a glassy carbon working electrode, indicating not only a faster charge transfer rate but also the role of protonation in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was made as a sandwich of a Pt-coated anode, a Nafion® 212 membrane, and a Fe(III)TMPyP + Nafion ionomer-coated cathode. This three-dimensional catalysis system has been demonstrated to be working in a H2/O2 proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell test.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: He, Qinggang , Mugadza, Tawanda , Kang, Xiongwu , Zhu, Xiaobing , Chen, Shaowei , Kerr, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243168 , vital:51123 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.043"
- Description: This study was motivated by the need for improved understanding of the kinetics and transport phenomena in a homogeneous catalyst system for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Direct interaction between the sulfonic groups of Nafion and an Fe(III) meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine chloride (Fe(III)TMPyP) compound was observed using FTIR and in situ UV–Vis spectroelectrochemical characterizations. A positive shift of the half wave potential value (E1/2) for ORR on the iron porphyrin catalyst (Fe(III)TMPyP) was observed upon addition of a specific quantity of Nafion ionomer on a glassy carbon working electrode, indicating not only a faster charge transfer rate but also the role of protonation in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was made as a sandwich of a Pt-coated anode, a Nafion® 212 membrane, and a Fe(III)TMPyP + Nafion ionomer-coated cathode. This three-dimensional catalysis system has been demonstrated to be working in a H2/O2 proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell test.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Molecular detection and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in raw milk from a major dairy farm in the Nkonkobe region, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Silaigwana, Blessing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-1607
- Authors: Silaigwana, Blessing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-1607
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Tuberculosis -- Pathogenesis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24239 , vital:62543
- Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms are the causative agents of tuberculosis in humans as well as animals. The study aimed to use molecular techniques for detection and drug susceptibility testing of MTBC in raw milk from cattle at a dairy farm in the Nkonkobe region of South Africa. Two hundred samples (100mL each) were collected and processed using the modified Petroff’s method. DNA was isolated using the Zymo Research bacterial DNA kit and amplified using the Seeplex® MTB Nested ACE assay. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the Genotype® MTBDRplus assay. MTBC DNA was detected in 11 (6percent) of the samples tested. Resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid was detected in 90.9percent of the positive samples. The most frequent rpoB mutations detected were H526Y (90percent), H526D (80percent), S531L (60percent) and D516V (20percent). No mutation was detected in the katG gene. All isoniazid resistant samples harboured mutations in the inhA gene. The most frequent (100percent) mutation conferring low level isoniazid resistance was the T8A substitution. The inhA mutations C15T, A16G and T8C were equally represented with 60percent frequency. A high prevalence of multi-drug resistance was noted in the Nkonkobe region. Therefore, the results of this study have clinico-veterinary and epidemiological significance and calls for further studies and necessary actions to delineate the situation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Silaigwana, Blessing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-1607
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Tuberculosis -- Pathogenesis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24239 , vital:62543
- Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms are the causative agents of tuberculosis in humans as well as animals. The study aimed to use molecular techniques for detection and drug susceptibility testing of MTBC in raw milk from cattle at a dairy farm in the Nkonkobe region of South Africa. Two hundred samples (100mL each) were collected and processed using the modified Petroff’s method. DNA was isolated using the Zymo Research bacterial DNA kit and amplified using the Seeplex® MTB Nested ACE assay. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using the Genotype® MTBDRplus assay. MTBC DNA was detected in 11 (6percent) of the samples tested. Resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid was detected in 90.9percent of the positive samples. The most frequent rpoB mutations detected were H526Y (90percent), H526D (80percent), S531L (60percent) and D516V (20percent). No mutation was detected in the katG gene. All isoniazid resistant samples harboured mutations in the inhA gene. The most frequent (100percent) mutation conferring low level isoniazid resistance was the T8A substitution. The inhA mutations C15T, A16G and T8C were equally represented with 60percent frequency. A high prevalence of multi-drug resistance was noted in the Nkonkobe region. Therefore, the results of this study have clinico-veterinary and epidemiological significance and calls for further studies and necessary actions to delineate the situation. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Molecular phylogenetics of Oestroidea (Diptera: Calyptratae) with emphasis on Calliphoridae: insights into the inter-familial relationships and additional evidence for paraphyly among blowflies
- Marinho, M A T, Junqueira, A C M, Paulo, D F, Esposito, M C T, Villet, Martin H, Azeredo-Espin, A D
- Authors: Marinho, M A T , Junqueira, A C M , Paulo, D F , Esposito, M C T , Villet, Martin H , Azeredo-Espin, A D
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442691 , vital:74023 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.007
- Description: The superfamily Oestroidea, comprising ∼15,000 species, is a large and ecologically diverse clade within the order Diptera. Among its six commonly recognized families, Calliphoridae seems to be crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships in the group, as it is recognized as a controversial paraphyletic grouping. To further investigate this matter, the ITS2, 28S, COI and 16S regions were used to infer phylogenetic relationships in Oestroidea with maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. For the BI analyses, a deep evaluation of different data partitioning strategies was conducted, including consideration of structural conformation (ITS2 and 16S) and codon position (COI) information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Marinho, M A T , Junqueira, A C M , Paulo, D F , Esposito, M C T , Villet, Martin H , Azeredo-Espin, A D
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442691 , vital:74023 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.007
- Description: The superfamily Oestroidea, comprising ∼15,000 species, is a large and ecologically diverse clade within the order Diptera. Among its six commonly recognized families, Calliphoridae seems to be crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships in the group, as it is recognized as a controversial paraphyletic grouping. To further investigate this matter, the ITS2, 28S, COI and 16S regions were used to infer phylogenetic relationships in Oestroidea with maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. For the BI analyses, a deep evaluation of different data partitioning strategies was conducted, including consideration of structural conformation (ITS2 and 16S) and codon position (COI) information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Mortgage bonds and the right of access to adequate housing in South Africa: Gundwana v Stoke Development and Others 2011 (3) SA 608 (CC)
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127479 , vital:36015 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC129329
- Description: This article offers a critique of Gundwana v Stoke Development and Others 2011 (3) SA 608 (CC), a case in which the Constitutional Court of South Africa found it to be unconstitutional for the registrar of a high court to declare immovable properties specially executable when ordering a default judgement, to the extent that such an order "permitted the sale and execution of a home of a person". The Court interpreted the property clause in section 25, access to right to housing in section 26 of the Constitution, as mandating "further judicial oversight" in all cases where execution is levied against residential property. The article raises some of the shortcomings of this interpretive scheme and suggests that constitutional values, when used to curtail or enlarge obligations of parties to a mortgage bond, must take into account the general rights and duties which the parties assumed at the signing of the agreement; the circumstances of each of the parties at the time of execution and ascertained through a careful evaluation based on a clearly articulated set of principles, and the nature of constitutional rights themselves. The article argues that, whereas there may be circumstances in which a debtor may need protection, rather than impose a blanket abrogation of procedures allowing for expedient disposal of uncontested claims, the court should instead have considered the establishment of further procedural safeguards.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127479 , vital:36015 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC129329
- Description: This article offers a critique of Gundwana v Stoke Development and Others 2011 (3) SA 608 (CC), a case in which the Constitutional Court of South Africa found it to be unconstitutional for the registrar of a high court to declare immovable properties specially executable when ordering a default judgement, to the extent that such an order "permitted the sale and execution of a home of a person". The Court interpreted the property clause in section 25, access to right to housing in section 26 of the Constitution, as mandating "further judicial oversight" in all cases where execution is levied against residential property. The article raises some of the shortcomings of this interpretive scheme and suggests that constitutional values, when used to curtail or enlarge obligations of parties to a mortgage bond, must take into account the general rights and duties which the parties assumed at the signing of the agreement; the circumstances of each of the parties at the time of execution and ascertained through a careful evaluation based on a clearly articulated set of principles, and the nature of constitutional rights themselves. The article argues that, whereas there may be circumstances in which a debtor may need protection, rather than impose a blanket abrogation of procedures allowing for expedient disposal of uncontested claims, the court should instead have considered the establishment of further procedural safeguards.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2012
Municipal commonage: an undervalued national resource
- Gambiza, James, Shackleton, Charlie M, Davenport, N I, Atkinson, D, Hoffman, Michael T, Martens, C, Puttick, J, De Groot, W
- Authors: Gambiza, James , Shackleton, Charlie M , Davenport, N I , Atkinson, D , Hoffman, Michael T , Martens, C , Puttick, J , De Groot, W
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Land reform -- South Africa Land use -- South Africa South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/49969 , vital:25947
- Description: This policy brief will highlight the importance of municipal commonage in enhancing livelihoods of poor urban families. This will be followed by an overview of the role of municipal commonage in the land reform programme. Current challenges in securing benefits from municipal commonages are then outlined. Policy considerations to optimise benefits from commonages conclude the policy brief.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Gambiza, James , Shackleton, Charlie M , Davenport, N I , Atkinson, D , Hoffman, Michael T , Martens, C , Puttick, J , De Groot, W
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Land reform -- South Africa Land use -- South Africa South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/49969 , vital:25947
- Description: This policy brief will highlight the importance of municipal commonage in enhancing livelihoods of poor urban families. This will be followed by an overview of the role of municipal commonage in the land reform programme. Current challenges in securing benefits from municipal commonages are then outlined. Policy considerations to optimise benefits from commonages conclude the policy brief.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Negotiating family planning radio messages among Malawian rural men of traditional authority Kadewere, Chiradzulo district
- Authors: Ntaba, Jolly Maxwell
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Family planning -- Malawi , Birth control -- Malawi , Radio advertising -- Campaigns -- Malawi , Men -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3548 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018258
- Description: Family planning campaigns, using the media among other advocacy interventions, are produced and disseminated by both government and nongovernment organizations in Malawi, with an aim of reducing fertility and promotion of reproductive health. This qualitative audience study looks specifically at the reception by rural men of radio broadcast Public Service Announcements produced by the NGO, Banja La Mtsogolo, a leading provider of family planning services and products based in Blantyre. The aim of the study is to understand how the appropriation of these messages relates to traditional concepts of gender, masculinity and kinship within an area that has not been spared the influences, values and accoutrements of modernity. Underpinned by Hall’s encoding and decoding model, the study reveals that at most men make an oppositional reading of the texts based on their lived and shared cultural experiences. The results show that while people understand and appreciate the importance of family planning, cultural and traditional influences play a major role in how these messages are appropriated by and incorporated into the everyday lives of their listeners. Given the above understandings, the research asks what are the implications for the success of family-planning media campaigns by government and other non-governmental organisations such as Banja La Mtsogolo
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Ntaba, Jolly Maxwell
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Family planning -- Malawi , Birth control -- Malawi , Radio advertising -- Campaigns -- Malawi , Men -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3548 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018258
- Description: Family planning campaigns, using the media among other advocacy interventions, are produced and disseminated by both government and nongovernment organizations in Malawi, with an aim of reducing fertility and promotion of reproductive health. This qualitative audience study looks specifically at the reception by rural men of radio broadcast Public Service Announcements produced by the NGO, Banja La Mtsogolo, a leading provider of family planning services and products based in Blantyre. The aim of the study is to understand how the appropriation of these messages relates to traditional concepts of gender, masculinity and kinship within an area that has not been spared the influences, values and accoutrements of modernity. Underpinned by Hall’s encoding and decoding model, the study reveals that at most men make an oppositional reading of the texts based on their lived and shared cultural experiences. The results show that while people understand and appreciate the importance of family planning, cultural and traditional influences play a major role in how these messages are appropriated by and incorporated into the everyday lives of their listeners. Given the above understandings, the research asks what are the implications for the success of family-planning media campaigns by government and other non-governmental organisations such as Banja La Mtsogolo
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Network telescope metrics
- Authors: Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427944 , vital:72475 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/265121268_Network_Telescope_Metrics/links/58e23f70a6fdcc41bf973e69/Network-Telescope-Metrics.pdf
- Description: Network telescopes are a means of passive network monitoring, increasingly being used as part of a holistic network security program. One problem encountered by researchers in the sharing of the collected data form these systems. This is either due to the size of the data, or possibly a need to maintain the privacy of the Network address space being used for monitoring. This paper proposes a selection of metrics which can be used to communicate the most salient information contained in the data-set with other researchers, without the need to exchange or disclose the data-sets. Descriptive metrics for the sensor system are discussed along with numerical analysis data. The case for the use of graphical summary data is also presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427944 , vital:72475 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/265121268_Network_Telescope_Metrics/links/58e23f70a6fdcc41bf973e69/Network-Telescope-Metrics.pdf
- Description: Network telescopes are a means of passive network monitoring, increasingly being used as part of a holistic network security program. One problem encountered by researchers in the sharing of the collected data form these systems. This is either due to the size of the data, or possibly a need to maintain the privacy of the Network address space being used for monitoring. This paper proposes a selection of metrics which can be used to communicate the most salient information contained in the data-set with other researchers, without the need to exchange or disclose the data-sets. Descriptive metrics for the sensor system are discussed along with numerical analysis data. The case for the use of graphical summary data is also presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Normandy: A Framework for Implementing High Speed Lexical Classification of Malicious URLs
- Egan, Shaun P, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Egan, Shaun P , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427958 , vital:72476 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/326224974_Normandy_A_Framework_for_Implementing_High_Speed_Lexical_Classification_of_Malicious_URLs/links/5b3f21074585150d2309dd50/Normandy-A-Framework-for-Implementing-High-Speed-Lexical-Classification-of-Malicious-URLs.pdf
- Description: Research has shown that it is possible to classify malicious URLs using state of the art techniques to train Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) using only lexical features of a URL. This has the advantage of being high speed and does not add any overhead to classifications as it does not require look-ups from external services. This paper discusses our method for implementing and testing a framework which automates the generation of these neural networks as well as testing involved in trying to optimize the performance of these ANNs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Egan, Shaun P , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427958 , vital:72476 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/326224974_Normandy_A_Framework_for_Implementing_High_Speed_Lexical_Classification_of_Malicious_URLs/links/5b3f21074585150d2309dd50/Normandy-A-Framework-for-Implementing-High-Speed-Lexical-Classification-of-Malicious-URLs.pdf
- Description: Research has shown that it is possible to classify malicious URLs using state of the art techniques to train Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) using only lexical features of a URL. This has the advantage of being high speed and does not add any overhead to classifications as it does not require look-ups from external services. This paper discusses our method for implementing and testing a framework which automates the generation of these neural networks as well as testing involved in trying to optimize the performance of these ANNs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Normative and institutional approaches to the protection of property rights of IDPs in Kenya's Rift Valley Province
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127464 , vital:36014 , https://doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2012.0033
- Description: The post-election violence of 2008 which displaced about 600,000 people in six out of the eight provinces of Kenya1 has brought the plight of the internally displaced persons (IDPs) to the forefront of the national debate on politics and law. Transcending this debate is the sobering reality that inasmuch as the events of 2008 were catastrophic, they were a mere replay of the ethnically engineered political violence that Kenyans have had to endure before and after every major election since 1990.2
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127464 , vital:36014 , https://doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2012.0033
- Description: The post-election violence of 2008 which displaced about 600,000 people in six out of the eight provinces of Kenya1 has brought the plight of the internally displaced persons (IDPs) to the forefront of the national debate on politics and law. Transcending this debate is the sobering reality that inasmuch as the events of 2008 were catastrophic, they were a mere replay of the ethnically engineered political violence that Kenyans have had to endure before and after every major election since 1990.2
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2012
Nothing but a mass of debris: urban evictions and the right of access to adequate housing in Kenya
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128425 , vital:36108 , http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextamp;pid=S1996-20962012000200008amp;lng=enamp;nrm=iso
- Description: The article explores the opportunities that the new constitutional dispensation in Kenya has created for the protection against unlawful eviction of poor populations living in urban centres. It analyses the content of the right to accessible and adequate housing as provided for in article 43 of the Constitution of Kenya and articulated in various international instruments, and traces how this provision has been applied in the eviction cases that the Kenyan courts have decided. From this analysis, the article suggests that the new constitutional dispensation has opened up possibilities for rights enforcement that the courts as well as administrative organs should take advantage of. It also makes tangible suggestions on how to improve rights litigation in this regard, such as affirming the rights of access to courts and seeking further judicial oversight prior to any eviction and the promulgation of enabling legislation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/128425 , vital:36108 , http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextamp;pid=S1996-20962012000200008amp;lng=enamp;nrm=iso
- Description: The article explores the opportunities that the new constitutional dispensation in Kenya has created for the protection against unlawful eviction of poor populations living in urban centres. It analyses the content of the right to accessible and adequate housing as provided for in article 43 of the Constitution of Kenya and articulated in various international instruments, and traces how this provision has been applied in the eviction cases that the Kenyan courts have decided. From this analysis, the article suggests that the new constitutional dispensation has opened up possibilities for rights enforcement that the courts as well as administrative organs should take advantage of. It also makes tangible suggestions on how to improve rights litigation in this regard, such as affirming the rights of access to courts and seeking further judicial oversight prior to any eviction and the promulgation of enabling legislation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Of goals and whores: Football fandom and misogynistic songs at the Rufaro Stadium in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chiweshe, Manase K
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453404 , vital:75251 , ISBN 9789956763931 , https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2011.623170
- Description: This chapter focuses on the creation and recreation of women’s bodies through songs and chants among football fans in Harare. It offers an analysis of how stadiums are arenas for the celebration and reinforcement of hegemonic masculinities. Football fandom has proved a fertile ground for the display of masculine identities and the stadium has proved a readymade arena for the playing out of these identities. Fandom is a bastion of hegemonic masculinity. Football stadiums provide an arena in which masculinity is constructed around a clear and distinct set of defining norms. Exaltation of manhood is part of football in Zimbabwe. Patriarchal views on women are played out in the game of football through songs and chants. Hegemonic masculinity is performed and reinforced within the stadiums. Vulgar and misogynistic language ensures that watching football in Zimbabwe remains a male domain. The following discussion endeavors to offer a critical analysis of the songs and chants at football matches in Zimbabwe. Such songs and chants have become an important part of football fandom and are expressions of hegemonic masculinities. The chapter offers an analysis of the creation and recreation of woman’s body and its portrayal within the stadiums.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Chiweshe, Manase K
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/453404 , vital:75251 , ISBN 9789956763931 , https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2011.623170
- Description: This chapter focuses on the creation and recreation of women’s bodies through songs and chants among football fans in Harare. It offers an analysis of how stadiums are arenas for the celebration and reinforcement of hegemonic masculinities. Football fandom has proved a fertile ground for the display of masculine identities and the stadium has proved a readymade arena for the playing out of these identities. Fandom is a bastion of hegemonic masculinity. Football stadiums provide an arena in which masculinity is constructed around a clear and distinct set of defining norms. Exaltation of manhood is part of football in Zimbabwe. Patriarchal views on women are played out in the game of football through songs and chants. Hegemonic masculinity is performed and reinforced within the stadiums. Vulgar and misogynistic language ensures that watching football in Zimbabwe remains a male domain. The following discussion endeavors to offer a critical analysis of the songs and chants at football matches in Zimbabwe. Such songs and chants have become an important part of football fandom and are expressions of hegemonic masculinities. The chapter offers an analysis of the creation and recreation of woman’s body and its portrayal within the stadiums.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Optimisation of expression of a rice (Oryza sativa L.cv Nipponbare) plant natriuretic peptide (OsPNP-B) and its functional characterisation
- Authors: Affun, Ogheneochuko Janet
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Rice , Plant hormones , Water-electrolyte imbalances
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24354 , vital:62644
- Description: Maintenance of water and solute homeostasis is a key requirement for living systems, and in vertebrates, homeostasis is in part achieved by natriuretic peptides (NP), a family of peptide hormones. A related family of peptide hormones have also been found in the plant kingdom. Plant natriuretic peptides (PNP) are a novel class of plant proteins with two closely related homologous genes (AtPNP-A and AtPNP-B) identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. AtPNP-A has been extensively studied and evidence obtained points to a role in plant water homeostasis. No research has been conducted on the function of PNP-B proteins. In this study, we focus on the bioinformatic analysis of the PNP-B gene in various plants, as well investigating whether PNP-B plays a role in water homeostasis in rice plants exposed to drought stress. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) queries of the ―The Gene Index‖, EST and available plant genome databases revealed the presence of the PNP-B mRNA in rice, oil seed rape, oak, leafy spurge, poplar, sugarcane, pepper, cotton, apple and maize. All the identified genome sequences contained a predicted intron/insert, which was not present in the related mRNA sequences. However, RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of the 101 bp insert in the 976 bp amplified rice PNP-B (OsPNP-B) cDNA and therefore expression was optimized for the protein encoded by only the exon2 sequence as this contained the predicted active site region of PNP-B. OsPNP-B was shown to be translated to a protein of 14 kDa with a sequence similarity to AtPNP-B (54percent), AtPNP-A (37percent) and CjBAp12 (55percent), suggesting two possible functions for PNP-B viz water homeostasis and/or pathogenesis defence. To determine whether PNP-B is involved in water homeostasis, total protein extracted from 4 weeks old (4 leaves stage) rice plants subjected to drought treatment for a period of 24, 48, 72, 120, 168 and 240hrs were resolved by 17percent SDS-PAGE and analysed by western blot analysis. The PNP-B protein was found to be down-regulated during drought stress, implying that PNP-B may play a role in water homeostasis through the release of water from cells rather than the up-take of water as seen At-PNP-A. PNP-B could therefore also be involved in plant defence mechanisms to pathogens where plants induce desiccation of infected leaves, thereby ridding the plant of the relevant pathogen. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Affun, Ogheneochuko Janet
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Rice , Plant hormones , Water-electrolyte imbalances
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24354 , vital:62644
- Description: Maintenance of water and solute homeostasis is a key requirement for living systems, and in vertebrates, homeostasis is in part achieved by natriuretic peptides (NP), a family of peptide hormones. A related family of peptide hormones have also been found in the plant kingdom. Plant natriuretic peptides (PNP) are a novel class of plant proteins with two closely related homologous genes (AtPNP-A and AtPNP-B) identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. AtPNP-A has been extensively studied and evidence obtained points to a role in plant water homeostasis. No research has been conducted on the function of PNP-B proteins. In this study, we focus on the bioinformatic analysis of the PNP-B gene in various plants, as well investigating whether PNP-B plays a role in water homeostasis in rice plants exposed to drought stress. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) queries of the ―The Gene Index‖, EST and available plant genome databases revealed the presence of the PNP-B mRNA in rice, oil seed rape, oak, leafy spurge, poplar, sugarcane, pepper, cotton, apple and maize. All the identified genome sequences contained a predicted intron/insert, which was not present in the related mRNA sequences. However, RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of the 101 bp insert in the 976 bp amplified rice PNP-B (OsPNP-B) cDNA and therefore expression was optimized for the protein encoded by only the exon2 sequence as this contained the predicted active site region of PNP-B. OsPNP-B was shown to be translated to a protein of 14 kDa with a sequence similarity to AtPNP-B (54percent), AtPNP-A (37percent) and CjBAp12 (55percent), suggesting two possible functions for PNP-B viz water homeostasis and/or pathogenesis defence. To determine whether PNP-B is involved in water homeostasis, total protein extracted from 4 weeks old (4 leaves stage) rice plants subjected to drought treatment for a period of 24, 48, 72, 120, 168 and 240hrs were resolved by 17percent SDS-PAGE and analysed by western blot analysis. The PNP-B protein was found to be down-regulated during drought stress, implying that PNP-B may play a role in water homeostasis through the release of water from cells rather than the up-take of water as seen At-PNP-A. PNP-B could therefore also be involved in plant defence mechanisms to pathogens where plants induce desiccation of infected leaves, thereby ridding the plant of the relevant pathogen. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2012
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Otoliths versus scales: evaluating the most suitable structure for ageing largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in South Africa
- Taylor, Geraldine C, Weyl, Olaf L F
- Authors: Taylor, Geraldine C , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443907 , vital:74170 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2012.11407562
- Description: The suitability of scales for ageing Micropterus salmoides was determined by comparing the precision of growth zone counts on scales with those obtained from sectioned sagittal otoliths from a sample of 496 fish collected from Wriggleswade and Mankazana Impoundments in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Otoliths (1.4% rejected) were more readable than scales (41.7% and 7.5% rejected) for Wriggleswade and Mankazana Impoundments respectively. Otolith readings were more precise (average percentage error (APE) = 13.6%; coefficient of variation (CV) = 15.8%) than scales (APE = 18.0%; CV = 21.9%) for the total sample. Growth zone counts between structures were not symmetrically distributed around the agreed ages (otolith age = scale age) of the fish from Wriggleswade Impoundment (Bowker’s test H2: χ2 = 136, d.f. = 27, P 0.05) and graphical comparison showed that scales tended to underestimate age, particularly for fish older than five years. Scales are therefore not suitable structures for ageing South African M. salmoides which may attain ages of up to 13 years.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Taylor, Geraldine C , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443907 , vital:74170 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2012.11407562
- Description: The suitability of scales for ageing Micropterus salmoides was determined by comparing the precision of growth zone counts on scales with those obtained from sectioned sagittal otoliths from a sample of 496 fish collected from Wriggleswade and Mankazana Impoundments in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Otoliths (1.4% rejected) were more readable than scales (41.7% and 7.5% rejected) for Wriggleswade and Mankazana Impoundments respectively. Otolith readings were more precise (average percentage error (APE) = 13.6%; coefficient of variation (CV) = 15.8%) than scales (APE = 18.0%; CV = 21.9%) for the total sample. Growth zone counts between structures were not symmetrically distributed around the agreed ages (otolith age = scale age) of the fish from Wriggleswade Impoundment (Bowker’s test H2: χ2 = 136, d.f. = 27, P 0.05) and graphical comparison showed that scales tended to underestimate age, particularly for fish older than five years. Scales are therefore not suitable structures for ageing South African M. salmoides which may attain ages of up to 13 years.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Oxovanadium (IV)-catalysed oxidation of dibenzothiophene and 4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene
- Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S, Chidawanyika, Wadzanai J U, Antunes, Edith M, Fernandes, Manuel A, Nyokong, Tebello, Torto, Nelson, Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Authors: Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S , Chidawanyika, Wadzanai J U , Antunes, Edith M , Fernandes, Manuel A , Nyokong, Tebello , Torto, Nelson , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/246025 , vital:51429 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C2DT31433A"
- Description: The reaction between [VIVOSO4] and the tetradentate N2O2-donor Schiff base ligand, N,N-bis(o-hydroxybenzaldehyde)phenylenediamine (sal-HBPD), obtained by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine in a molar ratio of 2 : 1 respectively, resulted in the formation of [VIVO(sal-HBPD)]. The molecular structure of [VIVO(sal-HBPD)] was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and confirmed the distorted square pyramidal geometry of the complex with the N2O2 binding mode of the tetradentate ligand. The formation of the polymer-supported p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)] proceeded via the nitrosation of sal-HBPD, followed by the reduction with hydrogen to form an amine group that was then linked to Merrifield beads followed by the reaction with [VIVOSO4]. XPS and EPR were used to confirm the presence of oxovanadium(IV) within the beads. The BET surface area and porosity of the heterogeneous catalyst p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)] were found to be 6.9 m2 g−1 and 180.8 Å respectively. Microanalysis, TG, UV-Vis and FT-IR were used for further characterization of both [VIVO(sal-HBPD)] and p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)]. Oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) was investigated using [VIVO(sal-HBPD)] and p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)] as catalysts. Progress for oxidation of these model compounds was monitored with a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionization detector. The oxidation products were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microanalysis and NMR. Dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene sulfone (4,6-DMDBTO2) were found to be the main products of oxidation. Oxovanadium(IV) Schiff base microspherical beads, p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)], were able to catalyse the oxidation of sulfur in dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) to a tune of 88.0% and 71.8% respectively after 3 h at 40 °C. These oxidation results show promise for potential application of this catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization of crude oils.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Ogunlaja, Adeniyi S , Chidawanyika, Wadzanai J U , Antunes, Edith M , Fernandes, Manuel A , Nyokong, Tebello , Torto, Nelson , Tshentu, Zenixole R
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/246025 , vital:51429 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C2DT31433A"
- Description: The reaction between [VIVOSO4] and the tetradentate N2O2-donor Schiff base ligand, N,N-bis(o-hydroxybenzaldehyde)phenylenediamine (sal-HBPD), obtained by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine in a molar ratio of 2 : 1 respectively, resulted in the formation of [VIVO(sal-HBPD)]. The molecular structure of [VIVO(sal-HBPD)] was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and confirmed the distorted square pyramidal geometry of the complex with the N2O2 binding mode of the tetradentate ligand. The formation of the polymer-supported p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)] proceeded via the nitrosation of sal-HBPD, followed by the reduction with hydrogen to form an amine group that was then linked to Merrifield beads followed by the reaction with [VIVOSO4]. XPS and EPR were used to confirm the presence of oxovanadium(IV) within the beads. The BET surface area and porosity of the heterogeneous catalyst p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)] were found to be 6.9 m2 g−1 and 180.8 Å respectively. Microanalysis, TG, UV-Vis and FT-IR were used for further characterization of both [VIVO(sal-HBPD)] and p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)]. Oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) was investigated using [VIVO(sal-HBPD)] and p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)] as catalysts. Progress for oxidation of these model compounds was monitored with a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionization detector. The oxidation products were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microanalysis and NMR. Dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene sulfone (4,6-DMDBTO2) were found to be the main products of oxidation. Oxovanadium(IV) Schiff base microspherical beads, p[VIVO(sal-AHBPD)], were able to catalyse the oxidation of sulfur in dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) to a tune of 88.0% and 71.8% respectively after 3 h at 40 °C. These oxidation results show promise for potential application of this catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization of crude oils.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Parameter relationships in high-speed audio networks
- Chigwamba, Nyasha, Foss, Richard, Gurdan, Robby, Klinkradt, Bradley
- Authors: Chigwamba, Nyasha , Foss, Richard , Gurdan, Robby , Klinkradt, Bradley
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427027 , vital:72409 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=16211
- Description: When related audio control parameters are distributed in many devices in a high-speed audio network, a means for centralizing remote control and monitoring is required. Changes in one parameter may need to affect other parameters. The XFN protocol enables management of distributed parameters. This paper focuses on how to group related parameters that are physically separated and provides a corresponding implementation using the protocol. A comprehensive grouping theory is presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Chigwamba, Nyasha , Foss, Richard , Gurdan, Robby , Klinkradt, Bradley
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427027 , vital:72409 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=16211
- Description: When related audio control parameters are distributed in many devices in a high-speed audio network, a means for centralizing remote control and monitoring is required. Changes in one parameter may need to affect other parameters. The XFN protocol enables management of distributed parameters. This paper focuses on how to group related parameters that are physically separated and provides a corresponding implementation using the protocol. A comprehensive grouping theory is presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Part II Zef/poor white kitsch chique
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/225745 , vital:49255 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2012.715484"
- Description: Ninja, who fronts the freak hip-hop band Die Antwoord, might not be quite what Desmond Tutu had in mind when he described South Africans as the “Rainbow People of God,”24 a happy harmonious amalgamation of different races. In his introduction to their seminal comic track “Enter the Ninja,” Ninja presents himself, rather, as a mongrel gutter dog, both embracing and parodying a syncretic fusion of the many different cultures and races of South Africa, celebrating as well as subverting the rainbow nation discourse. As he said in an interview with News24: “South African culture is quite a fucking fruit salad … a fucking fucked rainbow nation. South Africa's totally fucked … but in a cool way.”25 The cool side of being “fucked” in this way is “Zef.” Zef denotes a particular style of vulgar humor (in the usual sense of the word “vulgar,” but also with a nod to its origin in the Latin vulgaris for “mob” or “commoners”), which has been emerging more and more in South Africa during the past decade. It involves a way of presenting a persona in a purposefully degrading way, exaggerating one's appearance and mannerisms as low class, ill bred, and boorish. I would like to consider the recent popularity of “Zef” and examine its connection specifically to popular Afrikaans folk rock culture, a lineage of white poverty, and the feeling of disgrace experienced by many white Afrikaners after the end of apartheid.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/225745 , vital:49255 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2012.715484"
- Description: Ninja, who fronts the freak hip-hop band Die Antwoord, might not be quite what Desmond Tutu had in mind when he described South Africans as the “Rainbow People of God,”24 a happy harmonious amalgamation of different races. In his introduction to their seminal comic track “Enter the Ninja,” Ninja presents himself, rather, as a mongrel gutter dog, both embracing and parodying a syncretic fusion of the many different cultures and races of South Africa, celebrating as well as subverting the rainbow nation discourse. As he said in an interview with News24: “South African culture is quite a fucking fruit salad … a fucking fucked rainbow nation. South Africa's totally fucked … but in a cool way.”25 The cool side of being “fucked” in this way is “Zef.” Zef denotes a particular style of vulgar humor (in the usual sense of the word “vulgar,” but also with a nod to its origin in the Latin vulgaris for “mob” or “commoners”), which has been emerging more and more in South Africa during the past decade. It involves a way of presenting a persona in a purposefully degrading way, exaggerating one's appearance and mannerisms as low class, ill bred, and boorish. I would like to consider the recent popularity of “Zef” and examine its connection specifically to popular Afrikaans folk rock culture, a lineage of white poverty, and the feeling of disgrace experienced by many white Afrikaners after the end of apartheid.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012